CN112825681A

CN112825681A - Corn threshing and cleaning test bed with intelligent control system

Info

Publication number: CN112825681A
Application number: CN202011598873.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杜岳峰; 栗晓宇; 胡亮; 迟瑞娟; 朱忠祥; 毛恩荣
Original assignee: China Agricultural University
Current assignee: China Agricultural University
Priority date: 2020-12-30
Filing date: 2020-12-30
Publication date: 2021-05-25
Anticipated expiration: 2040-12-30
Also published as: CN112825681B

Abstract

The invention relates to a corn threshing and cleaning test bed with an intelligent control system. The test bed comprises a rack, and a feeding device, a spiral feeder, a threshing device, a cleaning device and an intelligent control system which are fixedly connected on the rack; the intelligent control system comprises an industrial controller, a voltage stabilizer, an RS485 communicator, a DAM-3012D I/O digital quantity acquisition card, a roller rotating speed sensor, an upper screen rotating speed sensor and a fan rotating speed sensor. The invention utilizes the industrial controller technology and adopts a negative feedback control mode to realize the real-time monitoring of the seed crushing rate in the threshing process; and the rotating speed information collected by the roller rotating speed sensor, the upper sieve rotating speed sensor and the fan rotating speed sensor is transmitted to a display interface of the industrial controller, and the rotating speed of each driving motor is controlled by the industrial controller.

Description

Corn threshing and cleaning test bed with intelligent control system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural equipment, in particular to a corn threshing and cleaning test bed with an intelligent control system.

Background

The corn is one of the main grain crops in China, the corn yield in China is 25717 ten thousand tons in 2018, and with the development of modern agricultural technology, the corn harvesting mode is gradually changed from the ear harvesting to the direct grain harvesting. The corn kernel direct harvesting mode can shorten the harvesting period, save the production cost and improve the operation efficiency, and the threshing mechanism is used as a key part of the corn kernel direct harvesting machine, and the operation performance of the threshing mechanism directly determines the operation effect of the whole machine. Currently, corn threshing mechanisms usually use methods such as impact and rubbing to thresh, i.e. after the ears are fed into a threshing cylinder, the threshing elements and concave plates collide and impact the ears to separate the kernels from the core shaft. The structure and operating parameters of the threshing elements have a significant impact on the kernel breakage rate. Because the moisture content of the corn ears in the harvest stage is generally 25-40% in most areas in China and is not suitable for direct threshing and harvesting, the low-loss threshing technology of the high-moisture-content corn is still the difficult point and key point for realizing direct harvesting of the seeds.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problem, the invention aims to provide a corn threshing and cleaning test bed with an intelligent control system, which utilizes the industrial controller technology and adopts a negative feedback control mode to realize the real-time monitoring of the seed crushing rate in the threshing process; and the rotating speed information collected by the roller rotating speed sensor, the upper sieve rotating speed sensor and the fan rotating speed sensor is transmitted to a display interface of the industrial controller, and the rotating speed of each driving motor is controlled by the industrial controller.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a maize threshing cleaning test bench that possesses intelligence control system, includes frame 3 to and feed arrangement 1, spiral feeder 2, thresher 4, cleaning plant 7 and intelligence control system of rigid coupling on frame 3.

The spiral feeder 2 is arranged between the discharge port of the feeding device 1 and the threshing device 4; the cleaning device 7 is positioned below the threshing device 4.

The threshing device 4 comprises a threshing cylinder 41, a threshing concave plate, a first motor 6 and a first frequency converter; the threshing cylinder 41 is arranged in a manner that the front part is low and the back part is high, the first frequency converter is connected with the first motor 6 and controls the first motor 6 to work, and the power output shaft of the first motor 6 is connected with the coupling 5 which drives the threshing cylinder 41 to rotate.

The threshing concave plate is in a hollow cylinder shape and is arranged on the outer side of the threshing cylinder 41; the threshing concave plate comprises an upper concave plate 45, a front concave plate 47, a middle concave plate 48 and a rear concave plate 49 which are fixedly connected on the frame 3 through a partition plate 46 respectively; the longitudinal sections of the upper concave plate 45, the front concave plate 47, the middle concave plate 48 and the rear concave plate 49 are all in a semi-circular arc shape.

The upper concave plate 45 is positioned above the threshing cylinder 41, and the front concave plate 47, the middle concave plate 48 and the rear concave plate 49 are sequentially arranged below the threshing cylinder 41 from front to back.

The front concave 47 comprises a fixed concave 472 fixed on the partition 46 and an adjustable concave 471 capable of adjusting the clearance with the surface of the threshing cylinder 4 by a clearance adjusting device; the adjustable concave 471 and the fixed concave 472 are hinged to each other by a connecting pin 64 parallel to the axis of the threshing cylinder 41.

The cylinder surface of the threshing cylinder 41 is provided with a plurality of threshing elements, including a z-shaped element at the front₁A threshing rasp bar 42, a middle part z₂A separate straight bar 43 and a rear z₃A plurality of screw discharge rods 44; wherein z is₁>z₂>z₃≥3。

The threshing rasp bar 42, the separating straight bar 43 and the spiral discharging bar 44 are uniformly arranged in a mode of n heads of spirals, and n is more than or equal to 3.

The cleaning device 7 comprises a shaking plate 9, an upper sieve 13, a lower sieve 14, a crank mechanism 8, an upper sieve box 15, a lower sieve box 16, a second motor 11, a fan 10, a third motor 12, a second frequency converter and a third frequency converter.

The upper screen box 15 and the lower screen box 16 are both installed on the frame 3 through a crank mechanism 8, and the shaking plate 9 and the upper screen 13 are respectively installed at the front part and the rear part in the upper screen box 15 through bearings; the lower screen 14 is arranged in the lower screen box 16 through a bearing, and the shaking plate 9, the upper screen 13 and the lower screen 14 are arranged in a step shape; the fan 10 is positioned right below the front part of the shaking plate 9 and is driven by a second motor 11, and the second frequency converter is connected with the second motor 11 and controls the rotating speed of the second motor 11; the third motor 12 is connected with the driving crank mechanism 8 and drives the crank mechanism 8 to realize the vibration of the upper screen box 15 and the lower screen box 16, and the third frequency converter is connected with the third motor 12 and controls the third motor 12 to change the rotating speed, so that the vibration frequency of the upper screen box 15 and the lower screen box 16 is controlled.

The crank mechanism 8 comprises a cam 80, a driving crank 81, a driven crank 82 and a first countercrank 83 and a second countercrank 84; mounted on the frame outside the lower screen box 16.

The rotating shaft of the cam 80 is arranged on the frame 3 through a bearing; the bottom end of the driving crank 81 is fixed on the cam 80, and the top end of the driving crank is hinged with the top end of the driven crank 82; the 1/4 position of the driven crank 82 is connected with the middle part of the upper screen box 15 through a bearing, the middle section is fixed on the frame 3 through a bearing, and the bottom end is hinged with the front part of the lower screen box 16; the top end of the first auxiliary crank 83 is mounted on the frame 3 through a bearing, and the bottom end of the first auxiliary crank is hinged with the rear part of the lower sieve box 16; the top end of the second countercrank 84 is connected with the rear part of the upper screen box 15 through a bearing, and the bottom end is arranged on the frame 3 through a bearing; the cam 80 and the third motor 12 realize power transmission through chain transmission.

The intelligent control system comprises an industrial controller, a voltage stabilizer, an RS485 communicator, a DAM-3012D I/O digital quantity acquisition card, a roller rotating speed sensor, an upper screen rotating speed sensor and a fan rotating speed sensor.

The industrial controller is powered by 12V voltage converted from 380V industrial voltage through the voltage stabilizer, and the first motor 6, the second motor 11, the third motor 12, the fan 10, the first frequency converter, the second frequency converter and the third frequency converter are directly powered by 380V industrial voltage.

The roller rotating speed sensor is positioned at the front part of a threshing roller 41 of the threshing device 4, is fixed on the frame 3 and is used for detecting the rotating speed of the threshing roller 41.

The upper sieve rotating speed sensor is positioned at the rotating shaft of the cam 80, is fixed on the frame 3 and is used for detecting the upper sieve rotating speed.

The fan speed sensor is located at a rotating shaft of the fan 10, fixed on the rack 3 and used for detecting the rotating speed of the fan 10.

And the drum rotating speed sensor, the upper screen rotating speed sensor and the fan rotating speed sensor are all powered by 12V voltage.

The signal output end of the RS485 communicator is respectively in signal transmission with the first frequency converter, the second frequency converter and the third frequency converter through shielded wires, and the signal input end of the RS485 communicator is in signal transmission with the industrial controller through a USB interface; and the signal output ends of the roller rotating speed sensor, the upper screen rotating speed sensor and the fan rotating speed sensor are respectively connected with the signal input terminal of the DAM-3012D I/O digital quantity acquisition card, and the signal output terminal of the DAM-3012D I/O digital quantity acquisition card is connected with the USB interface of the industrial controller.

The included angle between the rotating shaft of the threshing cylinder 41 and the horizontal plane is 10-15 degrees; the gap between the upper concave 45 and the surface of the threshing cylinder 4 is 35-50 mm, and the gap between the middle concave 48 and the rear concave 49 and the surface of the threshing cylinder 4 is 30-40 mm.

The clearance adjusting device comprises an L-shaped rocker arm 60, a front threshing bracket 62, a connecting rod 63, a rear threshing bracket 65 and a cross rod 66;

the front threshing bracket 62 and the rear threshing bracket 65 are respectively and fixedly connected to the two partition plates 46, and the front end and the rear end of the cross rod 66 are respectively and rotatably arranged on the front threshing bracket 62 and the rear threshing bracket 65; the L-shaped rocker arm 60 comprises a long rocker arm 61 and a short rocker arm 67, the ends of which are fixedly connected with each other, and the joint of the long rocker arm 61 and the short rocker arm 67 of the L-shaped rocker arm 60 is fixedly connected with one end of a cross rod 66; the front end and the rear end of the cross rod 66 are respectively fixedly connected with a connecting lug which is vertical to the cross rod; one end of each of the two connecting rods 63 is hinged to one of the connecting lugs of the cross bar 66, and the other end of each of the two connecting rods 63 is fixedly connected to the adjustable concave plate 471.

The relationship between the mounting positions of the threshing rod 42, the separating straight bar 43, and the screw discharging bar 44 and the size of the threshing cylinder 41 is as shown in equation 1:

wherein L is the length of the threshing cylinder 41 and the unit is mm; d is the diameter of the threshing cylinder 41 and the unit is mm; z is a radical of₁The number of rows of threshing rasp bars 42; z is a radical of₂The number of rows of the separating straight rods 43; z is a radical of₃The number of rows of helical ejection rods 44; d₁The distance between the threshing rasp bar 42 closest to the front end edge of the threshing cylinder 41 and the middle of the front end edge of the threshing cylinder 41, in mm; d₂The head and the tail of two adjacent threshing elements are provided with a gap; l₁The length of the threshing rasp bar 42 is in mm; l₂The length of the separating straight rod 43 is in mm; l₃Is the length of the helical ejection rod 44 in mm; d₃The distance in mm between the spiral discharge bar 44 closest to the rear end edge of the threshing cylinder 41 and the rear end edge of the threshing cylinder 41; n is the number of the mounting spiral lines of the threshing elements; s is the circumferential installation interval of two adjacent threshing rasp bars 42, and the unit is mm; α is the helix angle of the mounting helix in degrees.

The length L of the threshing cylinder 41 is 2000-3500 mm, and the diameter D is 450-600 mm; number of rows z of threshing rasp bars 42₁4 to 6 rows z of the separating straight rods 43₂1 to 2, the number of rows z of the spiral discharging rods 44₃Is 1; the distance d between the threshing cylinder 41 front end edge and the threshing cylinder 41 threshing rasp bar 42 closest to the threshing cylinder 41 front end edge₁65-75 mm; the head and the tail of two adjacent threshing elements are provided with a spacing d₂100-120 mm; length of threshing rasp bar 42l₁150-170 mm; length l of the straight separating rod 43₂350-400 mm; length l of helical ejector pin 44₃250-300 mm; the distance d between the spiral discharge bar 44 closest to the rear end edge of the threshing cylinder 41 and the rear end edge of the threshing cylinder 41₃65-75 mm; the number n of the mounting spiral lines of the threshing elements is 4-8, the circumferential mounting interval s of two adjacent threshing rasp bars 42 is 250-270 mm, and the spiral angle alpha of the mounting spiral lines is 25-35 degrees.

The threshing rasp bar 42 comprises a threshing vertical front plate 421, a threshing horizontal top plate 422, a threshing vertical rear plate 423 and a threshing inclined side plate 424 which are all in a right-angled trapezoid shape; the long bottom edge of the threshing vertical front plate 421, the short bottom edge of the threshing inclined side plate 424 and the long bottom edge of the threshing vertical rear plate 423 are fixedly connected with the cylinder surface of the threshing cylinder 41 respectively, the inclined waist of the threshing vertical front plate 421 is fixedly connected with the right-angle waist of the threshing inclined side plate 424, the inclined waist of the threshing inclined side plate 424 is fixedly connected with the inclined waist of the threshing vertical rear plate 423, the right-angle waist of the threshing horizontal top plate 422 is fixedly connected with the short bottom edge of the threshing vertical front plate 421, the short bottom edge of the threshing horizontal top plate 422 is fixedly connected with the long bottom edge of the threshing inclined side plate 424, and the inclined waist of the threshing horizontal top plate 422 is fixedly connected with the short bottom edge of the threshing vertical rear; wherein the threshing vertical front plate 421 is perpendicular to the rotating shaft of the threshing cylinder 41;

a plurality of threshing grooves 425 are arranged on the upper end surface of the threshing horizontal top plate 422 in parallel; the length l of the threshing groove 425 is 40-60 mm, the width p of the threshing groove is 15-25 mm, and the threshing groove is basically consistent with the width of grains; the depth m is 8-15 mm, and the included angle between the axis of the threshing groove 425 and the long bottom edge of the threshing horizontal top plate 422

Is 50-60 degrees.

The separating straight rod 43 comprises a separating top plate 431, a separating front plate 432 and a separating side plate 433, wherein the separating front plate 432 is vertically fixedly connected with the separating side plate 433, the bottom edges of the separating front plate 432 and the separating side plate 433 are fixedly connected with the surface of the cylinder of the threshing cylinder 41, and the separating top plate 431 is fixedly connected with the top edges of the separating front plate 432 and the separating side plate 433; the separation top plate 431 has an inclined surface 4311 and a horizontal surface 4312, the inclination beingThe included angle delta between the surface 4311 and the horizontal surface 4312 is 10-20 degrees; width q of the inclined face 4311₃60-100 mm; width q of said horizontal plane 4312₄5-8 mm; the edge of the horizontal plane protrudes out of the plane of the separation side plate 433, and the thickness q of the protruding edge of the horizontal plane 4312₅5-8 mm;

the height h of the straight separating rod 43₁30-40 mm, height h of separation side plate 433₂10-20 mm, length q of the separating front plate 432₆20-30 mm;

the lower part of the separation side plate 433 is provided with a trapezoidal notch 434; length q of upper base of trapezoidal notch 434₁100-120 mm, length q of lower bottom₂120-140 mm, trapezoidal notch 434 height h₃7-10 mm; the corners of the trapezoidal notch 434 are chamfered with a radius r of 2 mm.

The spiral discharging rod 44 comprises an upper fixing plate 441, a spiral rod body 442 and a lower fixing plate 443 which are fixedly connected in sequence from top to bottom; the upper fixing plate 441 and the lower fixing plate 443 are fixed on the cylindrical surface of the threshing cylinder 41, and the helix angle theta of the helical shaft 442 is equal to the helix angle alpha of the threshing element mounting helix.

A corn threshing and cleaning test method according to the test bed comprises the following steps:

step 1, respectively sending control instructions to a first frequency converter, a second frequency converter and a third frequency converter through an industrial controller via an RS485 communicator to drive a first motor 6, a second motor 11 and a third motor 12 to rotate, and setting the initial rotating speed of a threshing cylinder to be S₀₁The initial rotation speed of the upper screen is S₀₂The initial rotation speed of the fan is S₀₃The initial speed of the feed roller is S₀₄(ii) a The method comprises the following steps that a drum rotating speed sensor, an upper screen rotating speed sensor and a fan rotating speed sensor acquire data every 5s, rotating speed signals are transmitted to an industrial controller through a DAM-3012D I/O digital quantity acquisition card, and the industrial controller converts square wave signals sent by the rotating speed sensors into analog rotating speed signals of a threshing drum, an upper screen and a fan and displays the analog rotating speed signals;

step 2, the industrial controller judges the current threshing roller according to the simulated rotating speed signal of the threshing rollerWhether the rotational speed value of the cylinder is within the preset rotational speed range of the threshing cylinder (S)₁₁,S₁₂]Internal;

step 2.1, if the rotating speed of the roller is greater than S₁₂The industrial controller executes a comparison logic to trigger a decrement cycle for a true value, reduce the drum speed to reduce the cluster collision, and then determine whether the value is less than S₁₁If the value is true, the method enters an increasing cycle, and the rotating speed of the roller is increased to improve the working efficiency; if the current value is judged to satisfy [ S ]₁₁,S₁₂]When the value of the frequency command is changed once in the cycle, outputting a corresponding frequency command address to the frequency converter once;

if the rotating speed of the roller is less than S₁₁The industrial controller executes comparison logic judgment, triggers increasing circulation for true value, increases the rotating speed of the roller to improve threshing efficiency on the premise of ensuring that the grain breakage rate meets the requirement, and then judges whether the value is greater than S₁₂Entering descending circulation when the current value is a true value to prevent the increase of the seed breakage rate, and if the current value is judged to meet the requirement (S)₁₁,S₁₂]When the value is a true value, stopping circular acceleration and maintaining, entering next roller rotating speed judgment, and outputting a corresponding frequency command address to the frequency converter once the value in the circulation changes once;

step 2.2, if the rotating speed of the roller is in the range of S₁₁,S₁₂]Within the range, the frequency converter maintains the current frequency, and the threshing cylinder continues to rotate at the rotating speed S₀₁Rotating;

step 3, the industrial controller judges whether the current screening rotating speed value is in a preset screening rotating speed range according to the screening simulation rotating speed signal₂₁,S₂₂]Internal;

step 3.1, if the rotating speed of the upper sieve is greater than S₂₂The industrial controller executes comparison logic, triggers descending circulation for true value, reduces the upper screening speed to reduce the vibration amplitude of the seeds, prevents the condition of overhigh loss rate, and then judges whether the reduced rotating speed value is less than S₂₁If true, entering increasing circulation to increase the rotation speed of the screen to increase the working efficiency, and executing the judgment again, if the current value is fullFoot [ S ]₂₁,S₂₂]When the value of the frequency command is changed once in the cycle, outputting a corresponding frequency command address to the frequency converter once;

if the rotating speed of the upper sieve is less than S₂₁The industrial controller executes comparison logic judgment, triggers increasing circulation for true value, increases the upper screening rotating speed to improve the screening efficiency on the premise of ensuring that the grain loss rate meets the requirement, and then judges whether the value is greater than S₂₂Entering descending circulation when the current value is a true value to prevent excessive increase of the seed loss rate, and if the current value is judged to meet the requirement (S)₂₁,S₂₂]When the value of the frequency command is a true value, stopping circular acceleration and maintaining, entering next judgment of the rotation speed of the upper screen, and outputting a corresponding frequency command address to the frequency converter once when the value in the circulation changes once;

step 3.2, if the rotation speed of the upper sieve is in the range of S₂₁,S₂₂]Within the range, the frequency converter maintains the current frequency, and the upper sieve continues to rotate at the rotating speed S₀₂Rotating;

step 4, the industrial controller judges whether the current fan rotating speed value is in a preset fan rotating speed range [ S ] or not according to the fan simulation rotating speed signal₃₁,S₃₂]Internal;

step 4.1, if the rotating speed of the fan is greater than S₃₂The industrial controller executes comparison logic, triggers decreasing circulation for true value, reduces the speed of the fan to reduce the vibration amplitude of the grains, prevents the condition of overhigh loss rate, and then judges whether the reduced rotating speed value is less than S₃₁If true, entering increasing circulation to increase the rotation speed of the fan to improve the working efficiency, executing judgment again, and if the current value satisfies [ S ]₃₁,S₃₂]When the range is a true value, stopping circular deceleration, maintaining the current rotating speed, entering the next judgment of the rotating speed of the fan, and outputting a corresponding frequency command address to the frequency converter once when the value in the circulation changes once;

if the rotating speed of the fan is less than S₂₁The industrial controller executes comparison logic judgment, triggers increasing circulation for true value, and properly increases the upper sieve on the premise of ensuring that the grain loss rate meets the requirementRotating speed to improve screening efficiency, and then judging whether the value is greater than S₃₂Entering descending circulation when the current value is a true value to prevent excessive increase of the seed loss rate, and if the current value is judged to meet the requirement (S)₃₁,S₃₂]When the value of the frequency command is a true value, stopping circular acceleration and maintaining, and entering next judgment of the rotating speed of the fan, wherein a corresponding frequency command address is output to the frequency converter once the value in the circulation changes once;

step 4.2, if the rotating speed of the fan is in the S₃₁,S₃₂]Within the range, the frequency converter maintains the current frequency, and the fan continues to rotate at the rotating speed S₀₃And (4) rotating.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the threshing element adopts a combined form of the threshing rasp bar, the separating straight bar and the spiral discharging bar, the threshing rasp bar can increase the acting area between the threshing element and the fruit ears, reduce the impact and collision strength between the threshing element and the fruit ears, and is beneficial to reducing the seed breakage rate; the threshing rod has grooves on its surface to increase the friction between the threshing element and the grains and to facilitate the peeling of the grains from the mandrel.

2. The design of the adjustable concave plate can meet the threshing of corn ears of different varieties, is beneficial to reducing the acting force between grains and a threshing element and reducing the grain breakage rate.

3. The intelligent control system provided by the invention takes the rotating speed of the threshing cylinder, the rotating speed of the fan and the rotating speed of the vibrating screen as input signals based on an RS485 bus, regulates and controls the working condition of the test bed in real time, optimizes the threshing operation quality of grain crops, reduces the seed crushing rate, and is beneficial to improving the intelligent and automatic degree of the corn combine harvester in China.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a corn threshing and cleaning test bed with an intelligent control system according to the invention;

FIG. 2a is a schematic view of the threshing concave 43;

FIG. 2b is a schematic view of the adjustable concave plate 47;

FIG. 3a is a schematic view of the structure of a threshing cylinder 41;

fig. 3b is a schematic view of the expansion of the threshing cylinder 41;

FIG. 4a is a perspective view of the threshing rasp bar 42;

FIG. 4b is a schematic top view of the threshing rasp bar 42;

FIG. 4c is a left side view of the threshing rasp bar 42;

fig. 5a is a schematic structural view of the separating straight rod 43;

FIG. 5b is a front view of the separating straight rod 43;

FIG. 5c is a left side view of the separating straight bar 43;

FIG. 6a is a schematic diagram of the construction of the helical ejector pin 44;

FIG. 6b is a front view of the helical ejector rod 44;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the cleaning plant 7;

FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the operation of the intelligent control system;

fig. 9 is a wiring diagram of the intelligent control system.

Wherein the reference numerals are:

1 feeding device and 2 spiral feeder

3 rack 4 threshing device

41 threshing cylinder 42 threshing rasp bar

421 thresh vertical front board 422 threshes horizontal roof

423 threshing vertical back plate 424 threshing inclined side plate

425 threshing groove 43 separating straight rod

431 separating top plate 4311 inclined surface

4312 horizontal plane 432 separating front panel

433 Split side plate 44 spiral discharge rod

441 upper fixing plate 442 spiral rod body

443 lower fixing plate 434 trapezoid notch

45 upper concave plate 46 partition

Front 47 plate 471 adjustable plate

472 fixed concave 48 central concave

49 rear concave plate 5 coupling

6 first motor 60 'L' shaped rocker arm

61 long rocker arm 62 front threshing support

63 connecting rod 64 connecting pin shaft

65 rear threshing support 66 cross bar

67 short rocker arm 7 cleaning plant

8 crank mechanism 80 cam

81 driving crank 82 driven crank

83 first countercrank 84 second countercrank

9 shaking plate 10 blower

11 second electric machine 12 third electric machine

13 upper screen and 14 lower screen

15 upper sieve box and 16 lower sieve box

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.

As shown in figure 1, a maize threshing and cleaning test bed with an intelligent control system is suitable for monitoring the grain crop threshing operation quality, the maize threshing and cleaning test bed comprises a rack 3 and a feeding device 1, a spiral feeder 2, a threshing device 4, a cleaning device 7 and the intelligent control system which are fixedly connected on the rack 3.

The spiral feeder 2 is arranged between the discharge port of the feeding device 1 and the threshing device 4 and is used for feeding the ears entering from the feeding device 1 into the threshing device 4. The cleaning device 7 is positioned below the threshing device 4, the mixture separated after the complete fruit ears are threshed by the threshing device 4 enters the cleaning device 7, and the grain and the impurity are screened by adopting an air-screen cleaning method.

The threshing device 4 comprises a threshing cylinder 41, a threshing concave, a first motor 6 and a first frequency converter. The threshing cylinder 41 is obliquely arranged with a low front part and a high back part, and an included angle between a rotating shaft of the threshing cylinder 41 and the horizontal plane is 10-15 degrees. The first frequency converter is connected with the first motor 6 and controls the first motor 6 to work, and a power output shaft of the first motor 6 is connected with a coupling 5 for driving the threshing cylinder 41 to rotate.

The threshing concave is in a hollow cylinder shape and is arranged on the outer side of the threshing cylinder 41. As shown in fig. 2a, the threshing concave comprises an upper concave 45, a front concave 47, a middle concave 48 and a rear concave 49, which are respectively fixed on the frame 3 by a partition 46. The longitudinal sections of the upper concave plate 45, the front concave plate 47, the middle concave plate 48 and the rear concave plate 49 are all in a semi-circular arc shape.

The upper concave plate 45 is positioned above the threshing cylinder 41, the gap between the upper concave plate 45 and the surface of the threshing cylinder 4 is 35-50 mm, the diameter of the fruit cluster is generally 30-50 mm according to the biological characteristics of the fruit cluster, and therefore the gap between the concave plates is preferably 40 mm; the front concave 47, the middle concave 48 and the rear concave 49 are arranged below the threshing cylinder 41 in sequence from front to back. The gaps between the central concave 48 and the rear concave 49 and the surface of the threshing cylinder 4 are 30mm to 40mm, preferably 35 mm.

As shown in fig. 2b, the front concave 47 comprises a fixed concave 472 fixed to the partition 46 and an adjustable concave 471 which can adjust the gap between the front concave and the surface of the threshing cylinder 4 by a gap adjusting device. The adjustable concave 471 and the fixed concave 472 are hinged to each other by a connecting pin 64 parallel to the axis of the threshing cylinder 41.

The clearance adjusting device comprises an L-shaped rocker arm 60, a front threshing bracket 62, a connecting rod 63, a rear threshing bracket 65 and a cross rod 66.

The front threshing bracket 62 and the rear threshing bracket 65 are respectively and fixedly connected to the two partition plates 46, and the front end and the rear end of the cross rod 66 are respectively and rotatably arranged on the front threshing bracket 62 and the rear threshing bracket 65; the L-shaped rocker arm 60 comprises a long rocker arm 61 and a short rocker arm 67, the ends of the long rocker arm 61 and the short rocker arm 67 are fixedly connected with each other, and the joint of the long rocker arm 61 and the short rocker arm 67 of the L-shaped rocker arm 60 is fixedly connected with one end of a cross rod 66. The front end and the rear end of the cross rod 66 are respectively fixedly connected with a connecting lug which is vertical to the cross rod; one end of each of the two connecting rods 63 is hinged to one of the connecting lugs of the cross bar 66, and the other end of each of the two connecting rods 63 is fixedly connected to the adjustable concave plate 471. The adjustment of the gap between the adjustable concave plate 471 and the surface of the threshing cylinder 4 is realized by adjusting the long rocker arm 61 to rotate the cross bar 66, and after the gap is adjusted to a proper value, the short rocker arm 67 is fixedly connected with the partition plate 46 through a bolt, so that the fixation is realized.

As shown in Figs. 3a and 3b, the cylinder surface of the threshing cylinder 41 is provided with a number of threshing elements, including a front z₁A threshing rasp bar 42, a middle part z₂A separate straight bar 43 and a rear z₃A plurality of screw discharge rods 44; wherein z is₁>z₂>z₃≥3。

The threshing rasp bar 42, the separating straight bar 43 and the spiral discharging bar 44 are uniformly arranged in a mode of n heads of spirals, and n is more than or equal to 3. Preferably, n is 6. The relationship between the mounting positions of the threshing rod 42, the separating straight bar 43, and the screw discharging bar 44 and the size of the threshing cylinder 41 is as shown in equation 1:

wherein L is the length of the threshing cylinder 41 and the unit is mm; d is the diameter of the threshing cylinder 41 and the unit is mm; z is a radical of₁The number of rows of threshing rasp bars 42; z is a radical of₂The number of rows of the separating straight rods 43; z is a radical of₃The number of rows of helical ejection rods 44; d₁The distance between the threshing rasp bar 42 closest to the front end edge of the threshing cylinder 41 and the middle of the front end edge of the threshing cylinder 41, in mm; d₂The head and the tail of two adjacent threshing elements are provided with a gap; l₁The length of the threshing rasp bar 42 is in mm; l₂The length of the separating straight rod 43 is in mm; l₃Is the length of the helical ejection rod 44 in mm; d₃The distance between the spiral discharging bar 44 closest to the rear end edge of the threshing cylinder 41 and the rear end edge of the threshing cylinder 41 is measured in mm(ii) a n is the number of the mounting spiral lines of the threshing elements; s is the circumferential installation interval of two adjacent threshing rasp bars 42, and the unit is mm; α is the helix angle of the mounting helix in degrees.

Preferably, the length L of the threshing cylinder 41 is 2000-3500 mm, and the diameter D is 450-600 mm. Number of rows z of threshing rasp bars 42₁4 to 6 rows z of the separating straight rods 43₂1 to 2, the number of rows z of the spiral discharging rods 44₃Is 1. The distance d between the threshing cylinder 41 front end edge and the threshing cylinder 41 threshing rasp bar 42 closest to the threshing cylinder 41 front end edge₁65-75 mm; the head and the tail of two adjacent threshing elements are provided with a spacing d₂100-120 mm; length l of threshing rasp bar 42₁150-170 mm; length l of the straight separating rod 43₂350-400 mm; length l of helical ejector pin 44₃250-300 mm; the distance d between the spiral discharge bar 44 closest to the rear end edge of the threshing cylinder 41 and the rear end edge of the threshing cylinder 41₃65-75 mm; the number n of the mounting spiral lines of the threshing elements is 4-8, the circumferential mounting interval s of two adjacent threshing rasp bars 42 is 250-270 mm, and the spiral angle alpha of the mounting spiral lines is 25-35 degrees.

As shown in fig. 4a, 4b and 4c, the threshing rasp bar 42 comprises a threshing vertical front plate 421, a threshing horizontal top plate 422, a threshing vertical rear plate 423 and a threshing inclined side plate 424 which are all in a right trapezoid shape; the long bottom edge of the threshing vertical front plate 421, the short bottom edge of the threshing inclined side plate 424 and the long bottom edge of the threshing vertical rear plate 423 are fixedly connected with the cylinder surface of the threshing cylinder 41 respectively, the inclined waist of the threshing vertical front plate 421 is fixedly connected with the right-angle waist of the threshing inclined side plate 424, the inclined waist of the threshing inclined side plate 424 is fixedly connected with the inclined waist of the threshing vertical rear plate 423, the right-angle waist of the threshing horizontal top plate 422 is fixedly connected with the short bottom edge of the threshing vertical front plate 421, the short bottom edge of the threshing horizontal top plate 422 is fixedly connected with the long bottom edge of the threshing inclined side plate 424, and the inclined waist of the threshing horizontal top plate 422 is fixedly connected with the short bottom edge of the threshing vertical rear. Wherein the threshing vertical front plate 421 is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the threshing cylinder 41.

The upper end surface of the threshing horizontal top plate 422 is provided with a plurality of threshing grooves 425 in parallel for simulating the external force applied to grains when a human hand threshes the earsMeanwhile, the flow guide of the separated seeds and the mandrel is realized, so that the blockage is prevented, and the conveying efficiency is improved; the length l of the threshing groove 425 is 40-60 mm, the width p of the threshing groove is 15-25 mm, and the threshing groove is basically consistent with the width of grains; the depth m is 8-15 mm, and the included angle between the axis of the threshing groove 425 and the long bottom edge of the threshing horizontal top plate 422

Is 50-60 degrees. The threshing groove 425 is arranged to make the contact area between the seeds and the threshing rasp bar 42 larger than that between the common threshing element and the seeds in the prior art, so that the impact and friction force on the surface of the seeds are reduced, and the reduction of the crushing rate is facilitated.

The height H of the threshing rasp bar 42 is 55-70 mm; the length of the long bottom edge of the threshing horizontal top plate 422 is the length l of the threshing rasp bar 42₁。

As shown in fig. 5a, 5b and 5c, the separating straight rod 43 is used for completely separating the threshed kernel from the core crushing shaft, so as to facilitate the subsequent impurity removal and kernel recovery, and includes a separating top plate 431, a separating front plate 432 and a separating side plate 433, the separating front plate 432 is vertically fixedly connected with the separating side plate 433, the bottom edges of the separating front plate 432 and the separating side plate 433 are fixedly connected with the cylinder surface of the threshing cylinder 41, and the separating top plate 431 is fixedly connected with the top edges of the separating front plate 432 and the separating side plate 433. As shown in fig. 5c, the separation top plate 431 has an inclined surface 4311 and a horizontal surface 4312, and an included angle δ between the inclined surface 4311 and the horizontal surface 4312 is 10 ° to 20 °; width q of the inclined face 4311₃60-100 mm; width q of said horizontal plane 4312₄5-8 mm; the edge of the horizontal plane protrudes out of the plane of the separation side plate 433, and the thickness q of the protruding edge of the horizontal plane 4312₅5-8 mm, and is used for separating the seeds and the impurities in the separated mixture, and simultaneously preventing the seeds and the impurities from being accumulated at the bottom of the separating straight rod, and has a flow guide effect.

The height h of the straight separating rod 43₁30-40 mm, height h of separation side plate 433₂10-20 mm, length q of the separating front plate 432₆Is 20 to 30 mm.

As shown in fig. 5b, the separating side plate 433The lower part of the threshing device is provided with a trapezoidal notch 434 for the grains and the broken core shaft to pass through smoothly after threshing, and the blockage in the threshing device 4 is prevented. Length q of upper base of trapezoidal notch 434₁100-120 mm, length q of lower bottom₂120-140 mm, trapezoidal notch 434 height h₃7-10 mm; the corner of trapezoidal notch 434 is opened there is the chamfer, and chamfer radius r is 2mm, has the effect that reduces stress concentration, strengthens fixed strength.

As shown in fig. 6a and 6b, the spiral discharging rod 44 includes an upper fixing plate 441, a spiral rod body 442 and a lower fixing plate 443 which are sequentially fixed from top to bottom; the upper fixing plate 441 and the lower fixing plate 443 are fixed on the surface of the cylinder of the threshing cylinder 41, the helical angle theta of the helical shaft 442 is equal to the helical angle alpha of the mounting helix of the threshing element, so that the crushing core shaft rotates at high speed along with the cylinder and is discharged out of the threshing device 4 along the helical discharge rod 44.

As shown in fig. 7, the cleaning device 7 includes a shaking plate 9, an upper screen 13, a lower screen 14, a crank mechanism 8, an upper screen box 15, a lower screen box 16, a second motor 11, a fan 10, a third motor 12, a second frequency converter and a third frequency converter.

The upper screen box 15 and the lower screen box 16 are both installed on the frame 3 through a crank mechanism 8, and the shaking plate 9 and the upper screen 13 are respectively installed at the front part and the rear part in the upper screen box 15 through bearings; the lower screen 14 is mounted inside the lower screen box 16 through a bearing, and the shaking plate 9, the upper screen 13 and the lower screen 14 are arranged in a step shape. The fan 10 is located under the front portion of the shaking plate 9 and is driven by the second motor 11, the second frequency converter is connected with the second motor 11 and controls the rotating speed of the second motor 11, so that the wind speed of the fan is controlled, and the wind speed adjustment in the cleaning device 7 under different working conditions is realized. The third motor 12 is connected with the driving crank mechanism 8 and drives the crank mechanism 8 to realize the vibration of the upper screen box 15 and the lower screen box 16, and the third frequency converter is connected with the third motor 12 and controls the third motor 12 to change the rotating speed, so that the vibration frequency of the upper screen box 15 and the lower screen box 16 is controlled. The threshed grains and sundries fall on the shaking plate 9 and the upper sieve 13 through the threshing device 4, and are driven by the crank mechanism 8 to vibrate, so that the grains and the sundries move backwards on the sieve surface, meanwhile, the sundries are blown out of the sieve under the wind power of the fan, the screened grains fall on the lower sieve 14 for secondary cleaning, the grains and the sundries are fully separated, and finally clean grains are obtained.

The intelligent control system comprises an industrial controller, a voltage stabilizer, an RS485 communicator, a DAM-3012D I/O digital quantity acquisition card, a roller rotating speed sensor, an upper screen rotating speed sensor and a fan rotating speed sensor;

The roller rotating speed sensor is positioned at the front part of a threshing roller 41 of the threshing device 4, is fixed on the frame 3 through a U-shaped bracket and is used for detecting the rotating speed of the threshing roller 41.

The upper sieve rotating speed sensor is positioned at the rotating shaft of the cam 80, is fixed on the rack 3 through an L-shaped bracket and is used for detecting the upper sieve rotating speed.

The fan speed sensor is located at a rotating shaft of the fan 10, fixed on the rack 3 through an L-shaped support and used for detecting the rotating speed of the fan 10.

As shown in fig. 9, the signal output end of the RS485 communicator is respectively in signal transmission with the first frequency converter, the second frequency converter and the third frequency converter through a professional shielded wire, and the signal input end of the RS485 communicator is in signal transmission with the industrial controller through a USB interface; the signal output ends of the roller rotating speed sensor, the upper screen rotating speed sensor and the fan rotating speed sensor are respectively connected with the signal input terminal of the DAM-3012D I/O digital quantity acquisition card, and the signal output terminal of the DAM-3012D I/O digital quantity acquisition card is connected with the USB interface of the industrial controller so as to realize signal transmission.

A corn threshing cleaning test method comprises the following steps:

step 2, the industrial controller judges whether the current rotating speed value of the threshing cylinder is in a preset rotating speed range of the threshing cylinder or not according to the simulated rotating speed signal of the threshing cylinder [ S ]₁₁,S₁₂]Internal;

step 2.1, if the rotating speed of the roller is greater than S₁₂The industrial controller executes a comparison logic to trigger a decrement cycle for a true value, reduce the drum speed to reduce the cluster collision, and then determine whether the value is less than S₁₁If the value is true, the method enters an increasing cycle, and the rotating speed of the roller is increased to improve the working efficiency; if the current value is judged to satisfy [ S ]₁₁,S₁₂]Range, true value, stop cyclingPerforming circular deceleration, maintaining the current rotating speed (if the current rotating speed is false, the current rotating speed is still in a descending cycle), entering the next judgment of the rotating speed of the roller, and outputting a corresponding frequency command address to the frequency converter once when the value in the cycle changes once;

step 3.1, if the rotating speed of the upper sieve is greater than S₂₂The industrial controller executes comparison logic, triggers descending circulation for true value, reduces the upper screening speed to reduce the vibration amplitude of the seeds, prevents the condition of overhigh loss rate, and then judges whether the reduced rotating speed value is less than S₂₁If true, entering increasing circulation to increase the rotation speed of the screen to increase the working efficiency, and executing the judgment again, if the current value satisfies [ S ]₂₁,S₂₂]When the current rotating speed is in a decreasing cycle, the next screening rotating speed judgment is carried out, and a corresponding frequency command address is output to the frequency converter once each time the value in the cycle changes once;

if the rotating speed of the upper sieve is less than S₂₁The industrial controller executes comparison logic judgment, triggers increasing circulation in case of true value, and ensures the kernel loss rateOn the premise of meeting the requirement, the rotating speed of the upper screen is increased to improve the screening efficiency, and then whether the value is greater than S is judged₂₂Entering descending circulation when the current value is a true value to prevent excessive increase of the seed loss rate, and if the current value is judged to meet the requirement (S)₂₁,S₂₂]When the value of the frequency command is a true value, stopping circular acceleration and maintaining, entering next judgment of the rotation speed of the upper screen, and outputting a corresponding frequency command address to the frequency converter once when the value in the circulation changes once;

step 3.2, if the rotation speed of the upper sieve is in the range of S₂₁,S₂₂]Within the range, the frequency converter maintains the current frequency, and the upper sieve continues to rotate at the rotating speed S₀₂And (4) rotating.

step 4.1, if the rotating speed of the fan is greater than S₃₂The industrial controller executes comparison logic, triggers decreasing circulation for true value, reduces the speed of the fan to reduce the vibration amplitude of the grains, prevents the condition of overhigh loss rate, and then judges whether the reduced rotating speed value is less than S₃₁If true, entering increasing circulation to increase the rotation speed of the fan to improve the working efficiency, executing judgment again, and if the current value satisfies [ S ]₃₁,S₃₂]When the current rotating speed is in a decreasing cycle, the next judgment of the rotating speed of the fan is carried out, and a corresponding frequency command address is output to the frequency converter once each time the value in the cycle changes once;

if the rotating speed of the fan is less than S₂₁The industrial controller executes comparison logic judgment, triggers increasing circulation for true value, properly increases the upper screening rotating speed to improve the screening efficiency on the premise of ensuring that the grain loss rate meets the requirement, and then judges whether the value is greater than S₃₂Entering descending circulation when the current value is a true value to prevent excessive increase of the seed loss rate, and if the current value is judged to meet the requirement (S)₃₁,S₃₂]And (3) stopping circulation acceleration and maintaining when the range is a true value, judging the rotation speed of the fan next time, and converting the frequency of the value in circulation to frequency conversion every time the value changes onceOutputting a corresponding frequency command address by the device;

The rotating speeds of the sensors are monitored and controlled simultaneously, and the sequence is not required; and after finishing the operation, stopping the frequency converter and the industrial controller, and turning off the main power supply.

Examples

In this example, D is 500mm, H is 60mm, L is 2860mm, s is 261.7mm, D₁＝65mm，d₂＝110mm，d₃＝65mm，h₁＝37mm，h₂＝17mm，h₃＝8mm，k₁＝60mm，l＝45mm，l₁＝160mm，l₂＝380mm，l₃＝290mm，m＝10mm，n＝6，p＝20mm，q₁＝110mm，q₂＝130mm，q₃＝65mm，q₄＝5mm，q₅＝5mm，q₆＝25mm，r＝2mm，z₁＝5，z₂＝2，z₃＝1，x＝5，α＝28.6°，

θ＝28.6°，δ＝15°。

The threshing elements comprise threshing rasp bars 42, separating straight bars 43 and spiral discharging bars 44 which are uniformly arranged in a 6-head spiral mode; the included angle between the rotating shaft of the threshing cylinder 41 and the horizontal plane is 40 degrees, which ensures that the ears are fully threshed and are not blocked in the threshing device 4. In the embodiment, 30 threshing rasp bars are adopted, 6 separating straight bars are adopted, 3 spiral discharge bars are adopted, and the combined threshing element can effectively reduce the seed crushing rate.

In the embodiment, a frequency converter, a voltage stabilizer and a motor of the test bed are all supplied with power by 380V industrial voltage, and the voltage stabilizer converts the 380V industrial voltage into 12V rated working voltage of an industrial controller; the output terminal of the frequency converter is connected with the input terminals of the first motor, the second motor and the third motor so as to control the working state of the motors; the industrial controller is connected with an RS485+ terminal and an RS 485-terminal which are respectively arranged on the first frequency converter, the second frequency converter and the third frequency converter through USB interfaces so as to carry out serial communication; an industrial controller control system is compiled by utilizing Labview, and a front panel comprises a serial port on/off button, a system stop button, a frequency converter control command input frame, a real-time kernel breakage rate display frame, a breakage rate minimum/maximum input frame, a real-time roller rotating speed display frame, a real-time rotating speed display frame, a frame address display frame of a first frequency converter frequency, a frame address display frame of a second frequency converter frequency and a frame address display frame of a third frequency converter frequency.

In the embodiment, before the test bed works, the working ranges of the threshing cylinders in the front panel of the industrial controller are set to be [320,350], the rotating speed ranges of the vibrating screen [240,260] and the rotating speed range of the fan [850,950], in order to prevent the phenomenon of large rotating speed fluctuation, the adjusting amplitude needs to be smaller than the length of a range interval, the increasing amplitude is set to be 15, and the decreasing amplitude is set to be 10; the frequency converter adopts an MODBUS communication protocol, the frequency command address sequentially comprises a frequency converter address, a function address, a frequency address, a hexadecimal frequency signal address and a CRC (cyclic redundancy check) code address, the first 3 address is preset, and the second 2 address is calculated by the system; the initial rotating speeds of the threshing cylinder, the vibrating screen and the fan are randomly set to be 335r/min, 265r/min and 800 r/min; starting a main power supply, feeding the ears by a feeding device 1, conveying the ears to a threshing device 4 through a spiral feeder 2, and separating the seeds from a core shaft by the impact and rubbing action generated among the ears, a threshing element and a concave plate along with the rotation of a threshing cylinder 41; the threshed grains fall into a lower vibrating screen through a concave grid to be subjected to subsequent cleaning operation, an upper screen is driven by a crank connecting rod to generate a vibrating action, clean grains are discharged from a discharge opening, impurities such as bracts and the like are conveyed backwards along with the rotation of a roller and are discharged out of a threshing device through a spiral discharge rod, meanwhile, impurities such as a screened crushing mandrel and the like gradually move towards a tail screen and are finally discharged out of the cleaning device; in the threshing process, the rotation speed sensor detects the real-time rotation speed of the roller, the vibrating screen and the fan, sends an analog signal to the industrial controller every 5s, displays the analog signal on an interface of the industrial controller, and the automatic control system carries out logic judgment:

1. the rotating speed of the roller is within the preset working range [320,350], the frequency converter maintains the current frequency, and the threshing roller continuously rotates at the rotating speed of 335 r/min;

2. when the rotating speed of the vibrating screen is larger than the maximum value 260, triggering logic decreasing circulation, reducing by 10 each time, outputting a frequency value 255 after reducing by 1 time, and entering a new round of logic judgment after judging that the current rotating speed value meets [240,260] and maintaining the current rotating speed value and receiving a next detection signal;

3. when the rotating speed of the fan is judged to be less than the minimum value 900, an increasing cycle is triggered, frequency values 815, 830, 845, 860, 875, 890 and 905 are sequentially output in an increasing mode each time the fan is increased by 15, the current rotating speed is maintained after the fan is judged to meet [900,1000], and a new round of logic judgment is carried out after a next detection signal is received;

4. and (5) finishing the threshing operation, stopping the frequency converter and the industrial controller, and turning off the main power supply.

The scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any simple variation or equivalent replacement of the technical solution that is obvious to those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention is within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A corn threshing and cleaning test bed with an intelligent control system is characterized by comprising a rack (3), and a feeding device (1), a spiral feeder (2), a threshing device (4), a cleaning device (7) and the intelligent control system which are fixedly connected on the rack (3);

the spiral feeder (2) is arranged between the discharge hole of the feeding device (1) and the threshing device (4); the cleaning device (7) is positioned below the threshing device (4);

the threshing device (4) comprises a threshing roller (41), a threshing concave plate, a first motor (6) and a first frequency converter; the front part of the threshing cylinder (41) is low, the rear part of the threshing cylinder is high, the first frequency converter is connected with the first motor (6) and controls the first motor (6) to work, and a power output shaft of the first motor (6) is connected with a coupling (5) for driving the threshing cylinder (41) to rotate;

the threshing concave plate is in a hollow cylinder shape and is arranged on the outer side of the threshing cylinder (41); the threshing concave plate comprises an upper concave plate (45), a front concave plate (47), a middle concave plate (48) and a rear concave plate (49) which are fixedly connected on the rack (3) through partition plates (46); the longitudinal sections of the upper concave plate (45), the front concave plate (47), the middle concave plate (48) and the rear concave plate (49) are all in a semi-circular arc shape;

the upper concave plate (45) is positioned above the threshing cylinder (41), and the front concave plate (47), the middle concave plate (48) and the rear concave plate (49) are sequentially arranged below the threshing cylinder (41) from front to back;

the front concave plate (47) comprises a fixed concave plate (472) fixedly connected on the clapboard (46) and an adjustable concave plate (471) which can adjust the clearance between the front concave plate and the surface of the threshing cylinder (4) through a clearance adjusting device; the adjustable concave plate (471) and the fixed concave plate (472) are hinged with each other through a connecting pin shaft (64) parallel to the axis of the threshing cylinder (41);

the cylinder surface of the threshing cylinder (41) is provided with a plurality of threshing elements, including a Z-shaped element positioned at the front part₁A threshing rasp bar (42) in the middle₂A separating straight rod (43) and a rear part z₃A screw discharge rod (44); wherein z is₁>z₂>z₃≥3；

The threshing rasp bar (42), the separating straight bar (43) and the spiral discharging bar (44) are uniformly distributed in a mode of n heads of spirals, and n is more than or equal to 3;

the cleaning device (7) comprises a shaking plate (9), an upper sieve (13), a lower sieve (14), a crank mechanism (8), an upper sieve box (15), a lower sieve box (16), a second motor (11), a fan (10), a third motor (12), a second frequency converter and a third frequency converter;

the upper screen box (15) and the lower screen box (16) are both arranged on the frame (3) through a crank mechanism (8), and the shaking plate (9) and the upper screen (13) are respectively arranged at the front part and the rear part in the upper screen box (15) through bearings; the lower screen (14) is arranged in the lower screen box (16) through a bearing, and the shaking plate (9), the upper screen (13) and the lower screen (14) are arranged in a step shape; the fan (10) is positioned right below the front part of the shaking plate (9) and is driven by a second motor (11), and the second frequency converter is connected with the second motor (11) and controls the rotating speed of the second motor (11); the third motor (12) is connected with the driving crank mechanism (8) and drives the crank mechanism (8) to realize the vibration of the upper sieve box (15) and the lower sieve box (16), and the third frequency converter is connected with the third motor (12) and controls the third motor (12) to change the rotating speed, so that the vibration frequency of the upper sieve box (15) and the lower sieve box (16) is controlled;

the crank mechanism (8) comprises a cam (80), a driving crank (81), a driven crank (82) and a first countercrank (83) and a second countercrank (84); is arranged on the frame at the outer side of the lower screen box (16);

the rotating shaft of the cam (80) is arranged on the frame (3) through a bearing; the bottom end of the driving crank (81) is fixed on the cam (80), and the top end of the driving crank is hinged with the top end of the driven crank (82); the 1/4 position of the driven crank (82) is connected with the middle part of the upper screen box (15) through a bearing, the middle section is fixed on the frame (3) through a bearing, and the bottom end is hinged with the front part of the lower screen box (16); the top end of the first auxiliary crank (83) is arranged on the frame (3) through a bearing, and the bottom end of the first auxiliary crank is hinged with the rear part of the lower screen box (16); the top end of the second countercrank (84) is connected with the rear part of the upper screen box (15) through a bearing, and the bottom end of the second countercrank is installed on the frame (3) through a bearing; the cam (80) and the third motor (12) realize power transmission through chain transmission;

the intelligent control system comprises an industrial controller, a voltage stabilizer, an RS485 communicator, a DAM-3012DI/O digital quantity acquisition card, a roller rotating speed sensor, an upper screen rotating speed sensor and a fan rotating speed sensor;

the industrial controller is powered by 12V voltage converted from 380V industrial voltage through the voltage stabilizer, and the first motor (6), the second motor (11), the third motor (12), the fan (10), the first frequency converter, the second frequency converter and the third frequency converter are directly powered by 380V industrial voltage;

the roller rotating speed sensor is positioned at the front part of a threshing roller (41) of the threshing device (4), is fixed on the rack (3) and is used for detecting the rotating speed of the threshing roller (41);

the upper screen rotating speed sensor is positioned at the rotating shaft of the cam (80), is fixed on the rack (3) and is used for detecting the rotating speed of the upper screen;

the fan rotating speed sensor is positioned at a rotating shaft of the fan (10), is fixed on the rack (3) and is used for detecting the rotating speed of the fan (10);

the drum rotating speed sensor, the upper screen rotating speed sensor and the fan rotating speed sensor are all powered by 12V voltage;

2. The test bench of claim 1, wherein the included angle between the rotation axis of the threshing cylinder (41) and the horizontal plane is 10-15 degrees; the gap between the upper concave plate (45) and the surface of the threshing cylinder (4) is 35-50 mm, and the gap between the middle concave plate (48) and the rear concave plate (49) and the surface of the threshing cylinder (4) is 30-40 mm.

3. Test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that the gap adjusting device comprises an "L" -shaped rocker arm (60), a front threshing bracket (62), a connecting rod (63), a rear threshing bracket (65) and a crossbar (66);

the front threshing support (62) and the rear threshing support (65) are fixedly connected to the two partition plates (46) respectively, and the front end and the rear end of the cross rod (66) are rotatably arranged on the front threshing support (62) and the rear threshing support (65) respectively; the L-shaped rocker arm (60) comprises a long rocker arm (61) and a short rocker arm (67) of which the end parts are fixedly connected with each other, and the joint of the long rocker arm (61) and the short rocker arm (67) of the L-shaped rocker arm (60) is fixedly connected with one end of a cross rod (66); the front end and the rear end of the cross rod (66) are respectively fixedly connected with a connecting lug perpendicular to the cross rod; one end of each of the two connecting rods (63) is hinged with one connecting lug of the cross rod (66), and the other end of each of the two connecting rods (63) is fixedly connected to the adjustable concave plate (471).

4. Test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that the relation between the mounting positions of the threshing rasp bars (42), the separating straight bars (43) and the screw discharging bars (44) and the size of the threshing cylinder (41) is as shown in equation 1:

wherein L is the length of the threshing cylinder (41) and the unit is mm; d is the diameter of the threshing cylinder (41) and the unit is mm; z is a radical of₁The number of rows of threshing rasp bars (42); z is a radical of₂The number of rows of the separating straight rods (43); z is a radical of₃The number of rows of helical ejection rods (44); d₁The distance between the threshing rasp bar (42) closest to the front end edge of the threshing cylinder (41) and the middle of the front end edge of the threshing cylinder (41) is in mm; d₂The head and the tail of two adjacent threshing elements are provided with a gap; l₁The length of the threshing rasp bar (42) is mm; l₂The length of the separating straight rod (43) is in mm; l₃Is the length of the spiral discharge rod (44) in mm; d₃The distance between the spiral discharging rod (44) closest to the rear end edge of the threshing cylinder (41) and the rear end edge of the threshing cylinder (41) is the unit of mm; n is the number of the mounting spiral lines of the threshing elements; s is the circumferential installation interval of two adjacent threshing rasp bars (42), and the unit is mm; α is the helix angle of the mounting helix in degrees.

5. The test bench according to claim 4, characterized in that the threshing cylinder (41) has a length L of 2000-3500 mm and a diameter D of 450-600 mm; the number of rows z of threshing rasp bars (42)₁4 to 6, the number of rows z of the separating straight rods (43)₂1 to 2, the number of rows z of the spiral discharging rods (44)₃Is 1; the distance d between the threshing rod (42) closest to the front end edge of the threshing cylinder (41) and the front end edge of the threshing cylinder (41)₁65-75 mm; the head and the tail of two adjacent threshing elements are provided with a spacing d₂100-120 mm; length l of threshing rasp bar (42)₁150-170 mm; length l of the straight separating rod (43)₂350-400 mm; length l of screw discharge rod (44)₃250-300 mm; the distance d between the spiral discharging rod (44) closest to the rear end edge of the threshing cylinder (41) and the rear end edge of the threshing cylinder (41)₃65-75 mm; of threshing elementsThe number n of the mounting spiral lines is 4-8, the circumferential mounting interval s of two adjacent threshing rasp bars (42) is 250-270 mm, and the spiral angle alpha of the mounting spiral lines is 25-35 degrees.

6. The test bench of claim 1, wherein the threshing rasp bar (42) comprises a threshing vertical front plate (421), a threshing horizontal top plate (422), a threshing vertical rear plate (423) and a threshing diagonal side plate (424) all in the shape of a right trapezoid; the long bottom edge of the threshing vertical front plate (421), the short bottom edge of the threshing inclined side plate (424) and the long bottom edge of the threshing vertical rear plate (423) are fixedly connected with the cylinder surface of the threshing cylinder (41) respectively, the inclined waist of the threshing vertical front plate (421) is fixedly connected with the right-angled waist of the threshing inclined side plate (424), the inclined waist of the threshing inclined side plate (424) is fixedly connected with the inclined waist of the threshing vertical rear plate (423), the right-angled waist of the threshing horizontal top plate (422) is fixedly connected with the short bottom edge of the threshing vertical front plate (421), the short bottom edge of the threshing horizontal top plate (422) is fixedly connected with the long bottom edge of the threshing inclined side plate (424), and the inclined waist of the threshing horizontal top plate (422) is fixedly connected with the short bottom edge of the threshing vertical rear plate (423); wherein the threshing vertical front plate (421) is vertical to the rotating shaft of the threshing cylinder (41);

a plurality of threshing grooves (425) are arranged on the upper end surface of the threshing horizontal top plate (422) in parallel; the length l of the threshing groove (425) is 40-60 mm, the width p of the threshing groove is 15-25 mm, and the threshing groove is basically consistent with the width of grains; the depth m is 8-15 mm, and the included angle between the axial line of the threshing groove (425) and the long bottom edge of the threshing horizontal top plate (422)

Is 50-60 degrees.

7. The test bed according to claim 1, wherein the separating straight rod (43) comprises a separating top plate (431), a separating front plate (432) and a separating side plate (433), the separating front plate (432) is vertically fixedly connected with the separating side plate (433), the bottom edges of the separating front plate (432) and the separating side plate (433) are fixedly connected with the cylinder surface of the threshing cylinder (41), and the separating top plate (431) is fixedly connected with the top edges of the separating front plate (432) and the separating side plate (433); the separation top plate (431) has an inclined surface (4311) anda horizontal plane (4312), wherein the included angle delta between the inclined plane (4311) and the horizontal plane (4312) is 10-20 degrees; width q of the inclined surface (4311)₃60-100 mm; width q of said horizontal plane (4312)₄5-8 mm; the edge of the horizontal plane protrudes out of the plane where the separation side plate (433) is located, and the thickness q of the protruding edge of the horizontal plane (4312)₅5-8 mm;

the height h of the straight separating rod (43)₁30-40 mm, height h of the separation side plate (433)₂10-20 mm, length q of the separating front plate (432)₆20-30 mm;

the lower part of the separation side plate (433) is provided with a trapezoidal notch (434); length q of upper base of trapezoidal notch (434)₁100-120 mm, length q of lower bottom₂Is 120-140 mm, and the height h of the trapezoidal notch (434)₃7-10 mm; the corner of the trapezoid notch (434) is provided with a round chamfer with the radius r of 2 mm.

8. The test bench of claim 1, wherein the spiral discharging rod (44) comprises an upper fixing plate (441), a spiral rod body (442) and a lower fixing plate (443) which are fixedly connected in sequence from top to bottom; the upper fixing plate (441) and the lower fixing plate (443) are fixedly connected on the surface of the cylinder of the threshing cylinder (41), and the helical angle theta of the helical shaft (442) is equal to the helical angle alpha of the mounting helical line of the threshing element.

9. A corn threshing cleaning test method according to the test stand of claims 1-8, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:

step 1, respectively sending control instructions to a first frequency converter, a second frequency converter and a third frequency converter through an industrial controller via an RS485 communicator to drive a first motor (6), a second motor (11) and a third motor (12) to rotate, and setting the initial rotating speed of a threshing cylinder to be S₀₁The initial rotation speed of the upper screen is S₀₂The initial rotation speed of the fan is S₀₃The initial speed of the feed roller is S₀₄(ii) a The drum rotating speed sensor, the upper screen rotating speed sensor and the fan rotating speed sensor acquire data once at regular intervals and send the data to the working machine through a DAM-3012D I/O digital quantity acquisition cardThe industrial controller transmits rotating speed signals, and converts the square wave signals sent by the rotating speed sensors into analog rotating speed signals of the threshing cylinder, the upper sieve and the fan and displays the analog rotating speed signals;

step 3.1, if the rotating speed of the upper sieve is greater than S₂₂The industrial controller executes the comparison logic to trigger on the true valueDecreasing the circulation, reducing the upper screening speed to reduce the vibration amplitude of the grains, preventing the over-high loss rate, and then judging whether the reduced rotating speed value is less than S₂₁If true, entering increasing circulation to increase the rotation speed of the screen to increase the working efficiency, and executing the judgment again, if the current value satisfies [ S ]₂₁,S₂₂]When the value of the frequency command is changed once in the cycle, outputting a corresponding frequency command address to the frequency converter once;

step 4.1, if the rotating speed of the fan is greater than S₃₂The industrial controller executes comparison logic, triggers decreasing circulation for true value, reduces the speed of the fan to reduce the vibration amplitude of the grains, prevents the condition of overhigh loss rate, and then judges whether the reduced rotating speed value is less than S₃₁If true, entering increasing circulation to increase the rotation speed of the fan to improve the working efficiency, executing judgment again, and if the current value satisfies [ S ]₃₁,S₃₂]And (3) stopping circular deceleration when the range is a true value, maintaining the current rotating speed, entering the next judgment of the rotating speed of the fan, and changing the value in the circulation to the direction of change every time the value changesThe frequency device outputs a corresponding frequency command address;

if the rotating speed of the fan is less than S₂₁The industrial controller executes comparison logic judgment, triggers increasing circulation for true value, properly increases the upper screening rotating speed to improve the screening efficiency on the premise of ensuring that the grain loss rate meets the requirement, and then judges whether the value is greater than S₃₂Entering descending circulation when the current value is a true value to prevent excessive increase of the seed loss rate, and if the current value is judged to meet the requirement (S)₃₁,S₃₂]When the value of the frequency command is a true value, stopping circular acceleration and maintaining, and entering next judgment of the rotating speed of the fan, wherein a corresponding frequency command address is output to the frequency converter once the value in the circulation changes once;

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the drum speed sensor, the oversize speed sensor and the fan speed sensor collect data every 5 seconds.