CN112824091A - 一种用于3d打印的增强纤维添加系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种用于3d打印的增强纤维添加系统及方法 Download PDF

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CN112824091A
CN112824091A CN201911130803.8A CN201911130803A CN112824091A CN 112824091 A CN112824091 A CN 112824091A CN 201911130803 A CN201911130803 A CN 201911130803A CN 112824091 A CN112824091 A CN 112824091A
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于孝枫
伍凯飞
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Nanjing Polytechnic Institute
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/295—Heating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/314—Preparation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/321—Feeding
    • B29C64/336—Feeding of two or more materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种便捷，灵活性高，适用于FDM的增强纤维添加系统及方法，该增强纤维添加系统包括丝材入口、纤维入口、恒温器、切断挤出装置、打印喷头、打印工作台、计算机；本系统有以下显著效果：不用先制备添加增强纤维的丝材再进行3D打印，对打印喷头做小改动即可将增强纤维添加到打印喷头中，且根据需要只对部分打印区域添加增强纤维，从而使最终制品关键部分得到力学性能增强或者全部得到力学性能增强。

Description

一种用于3D打印的增强纤维添加系统及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种3D打印技术，尤其涉熔融挤出成型（FDM）3D打印系统及方法。
背景技术
熔融挤出成形技术(Fused Deposition Modeling，简称FDM技术)，是3D打印方法中的一种。它将树脂等材料加热熔化后，从喷嘴均匀挤出成细丝状，同时喷嘴由数控系统控制，按照切片软件规划好的连续薄层数据按一定路径移动进行填充，丝状材料冷却后粘结而形成一层层薄层的截面，最终层层叠加形成三维实体。
目前大多数采用的工艺为现将树脂等材料通过挤出机制备出一定直径（如Φ1.75mm）的丝材，再将丝材送入喷嘴熔融，同时施以恒定的压力使其均匀的从喷嘴中挤出，以实现打印的过程。可以通过在树脂等材料中添加纤维材料来提高制品力学强度。目前常见的工艺为在挤出机中共混添加。但此类方法，不能根据打印路径需求添加，灵活性不高。因此，提供一种便捷，灵活性高，适用于FDM的挤出添加增强纤维的系统及方法是本领域技术人员需要解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种便捷，灵活性高，适用于FDM的增强纤维添加系统及方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明所述的增强纤维添加系统包括丝材入口、纤维入口、恒温器、切断挤出装置、打印喷头、打印工作台、计算机；
所述丝材入口喂入Φ1.75mm~5mm的改性丝材；
所述纤维入口喂入单根长纤维；
所述恒温器由电加热器、温度器和控温系统组成；
所述切断挤出装置包括动力电机、外壳和齿轮。
切断挤出装置提供恒定流量和压力将塑化后的丝材挤出打印喷头，同时将纤维切断。
本发明所述的一种3D打印用增强纤维添加方法包括以下步骤：
1)将待打印制品的STL格式文件导入到计算机中,计算机对待打印制品的STL格式文件进行布局及切层处理，设定挤出速率与温度；
2)计算机控制丝材和长纤维挤出，切断挤出装置，恒温器和打印喷头预热；所述长纤维可持续供应，亦可以根据打印需求在部分打印区供应；
4)计算机根据待打印制品的形状按规划好的连续薄层数据按一定路径，控制打印喷头在XY方向移动，3D打印机打印工作平台在Z方向移动，进行填充待打印制品的打印；
5)若要继续打印制品，重复步骤4)直至完成待打印零件的打印为止。
本发明有以下显著效果：不用先制备添加增强纤维的丝材再进行3D打印，对打印喷头做小改动即可将增强纤维添加到打印喷头中，且根据需要只对部分打印区域添加增强纤维，从而使最终制品关键部分得到力学性能增强或者全部得到力学性能增强。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明中切挤出断装置结构示意图。
其中，1为丝材入口，2为纤维入口，3为X轴，4为Y轴，5为Z轴，6为切断挤出装置，7为打印工作台，8为齿轮，9为打印喷头，恒温器10，单根长纤维11。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述。
参考图1及图2，本发明所述的增强纤维添加系统包括丝材入口1、纤维入口2、恒温器10、切断挤出装置6、打印喷头9、打印工作台7、计算机；丝材入口1和纤维入口2相邻，且在丝材熔融点之前丝材和纤维相结合，下连接切断挤出装置6，最后连接打印喷头9。
所述丝材入口喂入Φ3mm的改性丝材；
所述纤维入口喂入单根玻璃长纤维；
所述恒温器由电加热器、温度器和控温系统组成，通过计算机控制温度；
所述切断挤出装置包括动力电机、外壳和齿轮，根据打印挤出速度，计算机控制齿轮转速。
切断挤出装置提供恒定流量和压力将塑化后的丝材挤出打印喷头，同时将纤维切断。
本发明所述的一种3D打印用增强纤维添加方法包括以下步骤：
1)将待打印制品的STL格式文件导入到计算机中,计算机对待打印制品的STL格式文件进行布局及切层处理，设定挤出速率与温度；
2)计算机控制丝材和长纤维挤出，切断挤出装置，恒温器和打印喷头预热；所述长纤维根据打印需求在部分打印区供应，只在需要的路径添加切断的增强纤维；
4)计算机根据待打印制品的形状按规划好的连续薄层数据按一定路径，控制打印喷头在XY方向移动，3D打印机打印工作平台在Z方向移动，进行填充待打印制品的打印；
5)若要继续打印制品，重复步骤4)直至完成待打印零件的打印为止。

Claims (4)

1.一种适用于FDM的增强纤维添加系统，其特征在于,包括丝材入口1、纤维入口2、恒温器10、切断挤出装置6、打印喷头9、打印工作台7、计算机；丝材入口1和纤维入口2相邻，且在丝材熔融点之前丝材和纤维相回合，下连接切断挤出装置6，最后连接打印喷头9。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于FDM的增强纤维添加系统，其特征在于，所述丝材入口喂入Φ1.75mm~5mm的丝材。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于FDM的增强纤维添加系统，其特征在于，所述切断挤出装置包括动力电机、外壳和齿轮，切断挤出装置提供恒定流量和压力将塑化后的丝材挤出打印喷头，同时将纤维切断。
4.一种适用于FDM的增强纤维添加方法，其特征在于基于权利要求1所述适用于FDM的增强纤维添加系统，包括以下步骤：
1)将待打印制品的STL格式文件导入到计算机中,计算机对待打印制品的STL格式文件进行布局及切层处理，设定挤出速率与温度；
2)计算机控制丝材和长纤维挤出，切断挤出装置，恒温器和打印喷头预热；所述长纤维可持续供应，亦可以根据打印需求在部分打印区供应；
4)计算机根据待打印制品的形状按规划好的连续薄层数据按一定路径，控制打印喷头在XY方向移动，3D打印机打印工作平台在Z方向移动，进行填充待打印制品的打印；
5)若要继续打印制品，重复步骤4)直至完成待打印零件的打印为止。
CN201911130803.8A 2019-11-19 2019-11-19 一种用于3d打印的增强纤维添加系统及方法 Pending CN112824091A (zh)

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