CN112822053A - SNMP-based link layer network topology structure discovery method and system - Google Patents
SNMP-based link layer network topology structure discovery method and system Download PDFInfo
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- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a link layer network topology structure discovery method and a link layer network topology structure discovery system based on SNMP, which belong to the technical field of network topology structure discovery and comprise the steps of SNMP information acquisition, STP tree information, address forwarding table information acquisition and the like. In the invention, the SNMP protocol supported by all network equipment manufacturers is used for data acquisition in the acquisition aspect, so that the applicability is improved; in the aspect of data, the connection relation between switching devices is mainly discovered by using address forwarding table information and spanning tree information, meanwhile, the incomplete information in the address forwarding table is logically judged through a topological algorithm, a complete indirect connection relation set is deduced, a direct connection relation is obtained, and the data accuracy is improved; the analyzed network topology structure is displayed through a web interface in the aspect of displaying, so that the management and monitoring of a user are facilitated, and the method is worthy of popularization and use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of network topology discovery, in particular to a link layer network topology discovery method and a link layer network topology discovery system based on SNMP.
Background
At present, operators establish data centers along with the development of cloud computing, and meanwhile, along with the continuous development of services, network equipment in the data centers needs to be monitored, but when the equipment gives an alarm, the alarm influence range cannot be judged, association relation data among the equipment needs to be supported according to positioning analysis, the traditional method for manually inputting the network topology structure cannot cope with the changes of new and required network equipment, and a more accurate and faster method is urgently needed for maintaining the network topology structure.
In the prior art, a commonly used network topology discovery method uses an address forwarding table, an ICMP protocol, and a link layer discovery protocol LLDP. However, each protocol has disadvantages: LLDP is a standard link layer discovery approach, but there are also differences in the actual implementation of different brands of network devices. The address forwarding table has the conditions of aging time and data loss, and no effective method is adopted to solve the problem. How to design a method capable of accurately and quickly finding out a network topology structure has become a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently. Therefore, a link layer network topology structure discovery method and system based on SNMP are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to accurately and quickly discover a network topology structure provides a link layer network topology structure discovery method based on SNMP.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme, and the invention comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring equipment SNMP information from the CMDB;
s2: acquiring STP tree information and address forwarding table information of a switch through an SNMP (simple network management protocol);
s3: analyzing the collected STP tree information and address forwarding table information, and establishing a data object according to the equipment information acquired from the CMDB;
s4: judging the connection relation between the devices through a topological algorithm according to the data objects;
s5: and drawing a network topological graph according to the generated connection object data through a web interface.
Further, in the step S1, the device SNMP information includes a device name, a device IP, an SNMP version, and a read group word.
Further, in the step S2, the STP tree information includes a root bridge, a root port, an assigned bridge, and an assigned port; the address forwarding table information includes MAC address, port, and identification.
Further, in said step S3, the data objects include STP tree object, address forwarding table object, switch object, host object, connection object;
the STP tree object includes: root bridge, root port, assigned bridge, assigned port, counter;
the address forwarding table object includes attributes: MAC address, port, identity;
the switch object includes attributes: device name, device IP, SNMP version, read group word, MAC address, STP tree information, address forwarding table information;
the host object includes attributes: host name, host IP, host MAC address;
the connection object includes attributes: the system comprises A-end equipment, A-end ports, Z-end equipment, Z-end ports and the switch.
Further, in the step S4, the topology algorithm is used to perform inference on the connection relationship, including determining the direct connection relationship between the switches and the host.
Further, in the step S4, the specific process of determining the relationship between the devices is as follows:
s41: traversing all switch objects to obtain a switch A, and analyzing an address forwarding table of the switch A;
s42: traversing all the switch objects again, and setting and taking the switch B;
s43: judging whether a switch B exists in an address forwarding table of the switch A or not, judging whether the switch A exists in the address forwarding table of the switch B or not, if the switch A does not exist in the address forwarding table of the switch B, executing the step 42, if the switch A does not exist in the address forwarding table of the switch B, and if the switch B does not exist in the address forwarding table of the switch B, generating;
s44: continuously judging whether a node non-bridge exists in the switch A, B, wherein the node port is a root port, the other node is an assigned port, if the condition is not met, the connection object is removed, and if the condition is met, the connection object is placed in a relation queue;
s45: executing the steps S42-S44 until all the switch objects are traversed, and then entering the step S41 until all the switch objects are traversed;
s46: in all the relationship queues, if a pair of ports of two switch devices have a direct connection relationship, it is indicated that the two switch devices can learn each other in the address forwarding table of the other side, and the intersection is empty, so that the switch and switch direct connection relationship is judged between the two devices; and if the port of one of the devices in the relationship queue is empty, determining that the two devices are in a switch-host relationship.
The invention also provides a link layer network topology structure discovery system based on SNMP, which discovers the network topology structure and draws a network topology diagram by adopting the network topology structure discovery method, and comprises the following steps:
the SNMP information acquisition module is used for acquiring equipment SNMP information from the CMDB;
the STP tree and address forwarding table information acquisition module is used for acquiring STP tree information and address forwarding table information of the switch through an SNMP protocol;
the data object establishing module is used for analyzing the collected STP tree information and the address forwarding table information, and establishing a data object according to the equipment information acquired from the CMDB;
the connection relation judging module is used for judging the connection relation between the devices through a topological algorithm according to the data objects;
the topological graph drawing module is used for drawing a network topological graph according to the generated connection object data through a web interface;
the central processing module is used for sending instructions to other modules to complete related actions;
the SNMP information acquisition module, the STP tree and address forwarding table information acquisition module, the data object establishment module, the connection relation judgment module and the topological graph drawing module are all electrically connected with the central processing module.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: according to the link layer network topology structure discovery method based on the SNMP, the SNMP protocol supported by all network equipment manufacturers is used for data acquisition in the aspect of acquisition, and the applicability is improved; in the aspect of data, the connection relation between switching devices is mainly discovered by using address forwarding table information and spanning tree information, meanwhile, the incomplete information in the address forwarding table is logically judged through a topological algorithm, a complete indirect connection relation set is deduced, a direct connection relation is obtained, and the data accuracy is improved; the analyzed network topology structure is displayed through a web interface in the aspect of displaying, so that the management and monitoring of a user are facilitated, and the method is worthy of popularization and use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a network topology according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example one
The embodiment provides a technical scheme: a link layer network topology structure discovery method based on SNMP comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring equipment SNMP information from the CMDB;
s2: acquiring STP tree information and address forwarding table information of a switch through an SNMP (simple network management protocol);
s3: analyzing the collected STP tree information and address forwarding table information, and establishing a data object according to the equipment information acquired from the CMDB;
s4: judging the connection relation between the devices through a topological algorithm according to the data objects;
s5: and drawing a network topological graph according to the generated connection object data through a web interface.
In the step S1, the device SNMP information includes a device name, a device IP, an SNMP version, and a read group word.
In step S2, the STP tree information includes a root bridge, a root port, an assigned bridge, and an assigned port; the address forwarding table information includes MAC address, port, and identification.
In step S3, the data object includes STP tree object, address forwarding table object, switch object, host object, connection object;
the STP tree object includes: root bridge, root port, assigned bridge, assigned port, counter;
the address forwarding table object includes attributes: MAC address, port, identity;
the switch object includes attributes: device name, device IP, SNMP version, read group word, MAC address, STP tree information, address forwarding table information;
the host object includes attributes: host name, host IP, host MAC address;
the connection object includes attributes: the system comprises an A-end device, an A-end port, a Z-end device, a Z-end port and a belonging switch;
in step S4, the topology algorithm is used to perform inference on connection relationships, including determining direct connections between switches and hosts.
In step S4, the specific process of determining the relationship between the devices is as follows:
s41: traversing all switch objects to obtain a switch A, and analyzing an address forwarding table of the switch A;
s42: traversing all the switch objects again, and setting and taking the switch B;
s43: judging whether a switch B exists in an address forwarding table of the switch A or not, judging whether the switch A exists in the address forwarding table of the switch B or not, if the switch A does not exist in the address forwarding table of the switch B, executing the step 42, if the switch B does not exist in the address forwarding table of the switch B, and if the switch B does not exist in the address forwarding table of the switch B, generating a;
s44: continuously judging whether a node non-bridge exists in the switch A, B, wherein the node port is a root port, the other node is an assigned port, if the condition is not met, the connection object is removed, and if the condition is met, the connection object is placed in a relation queue;
s45: executing the steps S42-S44 until all the switch objects are traversed, and then entering the step S41 until all the switch objects are traversed;
s46: in all the relationship queues, if a pair of ports of two switch devices have a direct connection relationship, it is indicated that the two switch devices can learn each other in the address forwarding table of the other side, and the intersection is empty, so that the switch and switch direct connection relationship is judged between the two devices; and if the port of one of the devices in the relationship queue is empty, determining that the two devices are in a switch-host relationship.
The embodiment also provides a link layer network topology structure discovery system based on SNMP, which discovers a network topology structure and draws a network topology diagram by using the network topology structure discovery method, and comprises the following steps:
the SNMP information acquisition module is used for acquiring equipment SNMP information from the CMDB;
the STP tree and address forwarding table information acquisition module is used for acquiring STP tree information and address forwarding table information of the switch through an SNMP protocol;
the data object establishing module is used for analyzing the collected STP tree information and the address forwarding table information, and establishing a data object according to the equipment information acquired from the CMDB;
the connection relation judging module is used for judging the connection relation between the devices through a topological algorithm according to the data objects;
the topological graph drawing module is used for drawing a network topological graph according to the generated connection object data through a web interface;
the central processing module is used for sending instructions to other modules to complete related actions;
the SNMP information acquisition module, the STP tree and address forwarding table information acquisition module, the data object establishment module, the connection relation judgment module and the topological graph drawing module are all electrically connected with the central processing module.
Example two
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for discovering a link layer network topology based on SNMP, which includes the following steps:
the first step is as follows: acquiring equipment SNMP information from the CMDB, wherein the equipment SNMP information comprises an equipment name, an equipment IP, an SNMP version and a read group word;
the second step is that: the method comprises the steps of obtaining STP tree information and address forwarding table information of a switch through an SNMP protocol, wherein the STP tree information comprises a root bridge, a root port, an assigned bridge, an assigned port and the like, and the address forwarding table comprises information such as an MAC address and a port.
The third step: analyzing the collected STP tree information and address forwarding table information, and establishing a data object according to the equipment information acquired from the CMDB: STP tree object, address forwarding table object, switch object, host object, connection object.
The STP tree object includes: root bridge, root port, assigned bridge, assigned port, counter;
the address forwarding table object includes attributes: MAC address, port, identity;
the switch object includes attributes: device name, device IP, SNMP version, read group word, MAC address, STP tree information, address forwarding table information;
the host object includes attributes: host name, host IP, host MAC address;
the connection object includes attributes: the system comprises an A-end device, an A-end port, a Z-end device, a Z-end port and a belonging switch; ("A" and "Z" are only 2 connections, without major and minor divisions)
The fourth step: and judging the relationship between the devices according to the data objects through a topological algorithm, wherein the deduction of the connection relationship of the algorithm core part comprises the judgment of the direct connection relationship between the switches and the host.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
41. traversing all switch objects, sequentially taking the switch A (0< A < N, the total number of N switches), analyzing an address forwarding table of the switch A, and executing the step 42;
42. then traversing all the switch objects except the switch A, and taking the switch B (0< B < N);
43. judging whether a switch B exists in an address forwarding table of the switch A or not, judging whether the switch A exists in the address forwarding table of the switch B or not, if the switch A does not exist in the address forwarding table of the switch B, executing the step 42, if the switch A does not exist in the address forwarding table of the switch B, and if the switch B does not exist in the address forwarding table of the switch B, generating;
44. and continuously judging whether a node non-bridge exists in the switch A, B, wherein the node port is a root port, the other node is an assigned port, if the condition is not met, the connection object is removed, and if the condition is met, the connection object is placed in a relationship queue. When B < N, executing step 42 loop to obtain next switch object B + 1; when B is equal to N, step 45 is performed;
45. when A < N, executing step 41 loop to obtain next switch object A + 1; when a is equal to N, performing step 46;
46. the switch connection relationship is deduced to be finished;
47. using the above derivation, the connection relationships between all nodes are calculated, and if there is a connection relationship between two switch devices A, B in all relationship queues, then a path between A, B is found in the relationship queues. The search method comprises the following steps 48:
48. searching for the connection equipment A in the relation queue, sequentially judging all the connection equipment X (0< X < M, the number of M connection equipment), and if the connection equipment X is B equipment, adding 1 to a calculator; if the connection device X is the device A, the searching of the connection device X is finished, otherwise, the connection device X continues to search the next node according to the searching method of the A. Judging the number of counts after searching is finished, and if the calculator is equal to 1, judging that only one path exists, thereby judging that the two devices are in a direct connection relationship between the switch and the switch;
if the port of one device in the relation queue is empty, judging the relation between the switch and the host;
49. finishing;
the fifth step: and drawing a network topological graph according to the generated connection object data through a web interface, as shown in FIG. 2.
To sum up, the link layer network topology structure discovery method based on SNMP of the above embodiment mainly obtains basic information of network devices, including device management IP, SNMP information, and device signals, according to a MIB (management information base) corresponding to the device, obtains STP data and address forwarding table data of the device through an SNMP protocol direct-coupled switch, establishes data objects including a switch object, an STP tree object, an address forwarding table object, and a device connection object according to the collected and analyzed data, then analyzes a connection relationship between the switch and a connection relationship between the switch and a host through a topology algorithm, and finally draws a link layer network topology map through a web interface, which is worth of being popularized and used.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A link layer network topology structure discovery method based on SNMP is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: obtaining SNMP information
Acquiring equipment SNMP information from the CMDB;
s2: acquiring STP tree information and address forwarding table information
Acquiring STP tree information and address forwarding table information of a switch through an SNMP (simple network management protocol);
s3: building data objects
Analyzing the collected STP tree information and address forwarding table information, and establishing a data object according to the equipment information acquired from the CMDB;
s4: determining connection relationships between devices
Judging the connection relation between the devices through a topological algorithm according to the data objects;
s5: drawing network topological graph
And drawing a network topological graph according to the generated connection object data through a web interface.
2. The method of claim 1 for discovering a network topology of a link layer based on SNMP, wherein: in the step S1, the device SNMP information includes a device name, a device IP, an SNMP version, and a read group word.
3. The method of claim 2 for discovering a network topology of a link layer based on SNMP, wherein: in step S2, the STP tree information includes a root bridge, a root port, an assigned bridge, and an assigned port; the address forwarding table information includes MAC address, port, and identification.
4. A method according to claim 3 for discovering a network topology of a link layer based on SNMP, characterized in that: in step S3, the data object includes STP tree object, address forwarding table object, switch object, host object, connection object;
the STP tree object includes: root bridge, root port, assigned bridge, assigned port, counter;
the address forwarding table object includes attributes: MAC address, port, identity;
the switch object includes attributes: device name, device IP, SNMP version, read group word, MAC address, STP tree information, address forwarding table information;
the host object includes attributes: host name, host IP, host MAC address;
the connection object includes attributes: the system comprises A-end equipment, A-end ports, Z-end equipment, Z-end ports and the switch.
5. The SNMP-based link layer network topology discovery method of claim 4, wherein: in step S4, the topology algorithm is used to perform inference on connection relationships, including determining direct connections between switches and hosts.
6. The method for discovering link layer network topology based on SNMP as claimed in claim 5, wherein in said step S4, the specific procedure for determining the relationship between devices is as follows:
s41: traversing all switch objects to obtain a switch A, and analyzing an address forwarding table of the switch A;
s42: traversing all the switch objects again, and setting and taking the switch B;
s43: judging whether a switch B exists in an address forwarding table of the switch A or not, judging whether the switch A exists in the address forwarding table of the switch B or not, if the switch A does not exist in the address forwarding table of the switch B, executing the step 42, if the switch A does not exist in the address forwarding table of the switch B, and if the switch B does not exist in the address forwarding table of the switch B, generating;
s44: continuously judging whether a node non-bridge exists in the switch A, B, wherein the node port is a root port, the other node is an assigned port, if the condition is not met, the connection object is removed, and if the condition is met, the connection object is placed in a relation queue;
s45: executing the steps S42-S44 until all the switch objects are traversed, and then entering the step S41 until all the switch objects are traversed;
s46: in all the relationship queues, if a pair of ports of two switch devices have a direct connection relationship, it is indicated that the two switch devices can learn each other in the address forwarding table of the other side, and the intersection is empty, so that the switch and switch direct connection relationship is judged between the two devices; and if the port of one of the devices in the relationship queue is empty, determining that the two devices are in a switch-host relationship.
7. A link layer network topology structure discovery system based on SNMP, characterized in that, the network topology structure discovery method according to any claim 1 to 6 is adopted to discover the network topology structure and draw a network topology diagram, comprising:
the SNMP information acquisition module is used for acquiring equipment SNMP information from the CMDB;
the STP tree and address forwarding table information acquisition module is used for acquiring STP tree information and address forwarding table information of the switch through an SNMP protocol;
the data object establishing module is used for analyzing the collected STP tree information and the address forwarding table information, and establishing a data object according to the equipment information acquired from the CMDB;
the connection relation judging module is used for judging the connection relation between the devices through a topological algorithm according to the data objects;
the topological graph drawing module is used for drawing a network topological graph according to the generated connection object data through a web interface;
the central processing module is used for sending instructions to other modules to complete related actions;
the SNMP information acquisition module, the STP tree and address forwarding table information acquisition module, the data object establishment module, the connection relation judgment module and the topological graph drawing module are all electrically connected with the central processing module.
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