CN112817323A - Dynamic flight mode control method for land-based cruise process - Google Patents
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Abstract
A dynamic flight mode control method facing a land-based cruise process is characterized in that after airspace planning, flexible airspace capacity organization and real-time dynamic route planning, free flight route organization and operation planning, autonomous flight interval definition and maintenance and dynamic free flight route organization of airspace flight sectors are carried out, and finally authorized flight crossing management is realized by selecting a crossing flight sequencing adjustment mode and crossing process flight interval control. The invention fully utilizes the clearance and the capability formed by the dynamic change of the current airspace to form the reconstruction of the dynamic flight route and the flight constraint of the airspace airplane, and avoids the traffic jam and the blockage caused by the change of the airspace environment, thereby eliminating the flight track conflict and improving the flight capability and the efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology in the field of aircraft control, in particular to a dynamic flight mode control method for a land-based cruise process.
Background
In most of the areas around the world at present, Air Traffic Service (ATS) adopts a static airspace route organization mode, namely before flying, an aircraft provides a flight route request based on a flight plan, and an air management system considers the flight traffic state of the current airspace according to the flight route request provided by the aircraft and finally establishes flight route organization accepted by both the pilot and the air management system through cooperation with the pilot. In general, in the flight process of an aircraft, especially in long-endurance land-based flight, except for special situations such as flight deviation, traffic threat and weather hazard, the flight path of the aircraft is unchanged, and a pilot completes the whole flight process according to the determined flight path permitted by an air management system.
However, the airspace environment is constantly changing, and particularly in the long-endurance flight process, the airspace traffic condition changes due to flight deviation or speed deviation (too fast or too slow) of the running aircraft, the airspace meteorological state often changes along with the change of the environmental condition, and in addition, the constraint condition of the Special Use Area (SUA) in the airspace is constantly changing. Therefore, in the process of long-time flight in land-based cruising, the planned flight path before flight is often not suitable for the capacity and the state of the current airspace, the situation of congestion and blockage of the main flight path section of the airspace often occurs, and even the situation is possibly limited by airspace meteorological conditions. For the Special Use Area (SUA), since the airspace state and the constraint when the aircraft approaches and enters the operation cannot be determined before the flight, the flight process can be realized only by adopting the route around the flight. Therefore, the static airspace route organization mode often causes waiting, delaying and fly-around due to the change of the flight environment, and the capacity of airspace and the flight efficiency of the airplane cannot be fully exerted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a dynamic flight mode control method facing the land-based cruise process, which is characterized in that the reconstruction of the dynamic flight path and flight constraint of an airspace aircraft is formed by constructing and adjusting the route organization and constraint of related aircraft in real time and fully utilizing the gap and capacity formed by the dynamic change of the current airspace, so that the traffic jam and blockage caused by the change of the airspace environment are avoided, the flight track conflict is eliminated, and the flight capacity and efficiency are improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a land-based cruise process-oriented dynamic flight mode control method, which is characterized in that after airspace planning, flexible airspace capacity organization and real-time dynamic route planning, free flight route organization and operation planning, autonomous flight interval definition and maintenance and dynamic free flight route organization of airspace flight sectors are carried out, and finally authorized flight crossing management is realized by selecting a crossing flight sequencing adjustment mode (horizontal/vertical) and crossing process flight interval control.
Technical effects
The invention integrally solves the control problem of the dynamic flight mode facing the land-based cruising process;
compared with the prior art, the invention realizes the optimal organization of the air route by constructing the dynamic airspace flight route organization, and improves the airspace space and the capacity utilization rate; by establishing a free flight mode, the free flight route organization is completed, the operation response speed and the real-time performance of the airspace airplane are effectively improved, and the working pressure and the load of a controller of an air traffic control system are also effectively reduced; and the efficient authorized flight crossing management under the dynamic airspace is completed through an airspace operation management entrusting authorization mode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a land-based cruise process dynamic airspace flight path organization;
FIG. 3 is a free-flight route organization chart for a land-based cruise process;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of an authorization level traversal process;
fig. 5 is a side view of an authorized climb crossing process.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment relates to a dynamic flight mode control method for a land-based cruise process, which includes the following steps:
step 1: constructing a dynamic airspace flight route organization: the method comprises the following steps of airspace planning, flexible airspace capacity organization and real-time dynamic route planning.
Step 2: and finishing the free flight route organization: free flight route organization and operation planning, autonomous flight interval definition and maintenance, and airspace flight sector dynamics.
And step 3: and (3) completing authorized flight crossing management: a cross-flight sequencing adjustment mode (horizontal/vertical) and a cross-process flight interval control are selected.
The embodiment aims at some defects of the current static airspace environment route planning mode and constructs dynamic airspace flight route organization. Facing to the complex dynamically-changed airspace environment, the air traffic control system and the airspace operating airplane support the real-time coordination of the pilot and the air traffic control system, provide a free flight mode facing the intention of the pilot, and complete the free flight route organization. In the free flight mode, the operation density of the airspace aircraft is higher and higher, the flight interval is narrower and narrower, the potential conflict of the airspace is larger and larger, the corresponding processing time of the air management system is shorter and shorter, and the pressure of the controller of the air management system is larger and larger. And finally, completing efficient authorized flight crossing management under a dynamic airspace by using an airspace operation management entrusting and authorizing mode.
The dynamic airspace flight route organization refers to flexibly performing airspace route organization according to the current flight airspace traffic state condition and the current flight route meteorological condition in the land-based route flight process, and can effectively utilize airspace capacity and improve flight flow.
As shown in FIG. 1, the typical situation for which the dynamic airspace flight route organization is used includes: the traffic environment of the airspace changes, the meteorological condition of the airspace changes and the special airspace area (SUA). The concrete points are as follows: aiming at the change of the airspace traffic environment, a pilot and an air management system make a decision in a cooperative way to complete the real-time planning and adjustment of a dynamic flight route and reduce the potential congestion of the flight main route; aiming at the change of airspace meteorological conditions, a pilot and an air management system make a decision in a cooperative way to complete the real-time planning and adjustment of the dynamic flight route constraint conditions and reduce the crossing constraint requirement of the intersection point of the flight route; aiming at the state of a special airspace area (SUA), a pilot and an air management system (the air management system acquires the operation information of the special airspace area) make a cooperative decision, the requirements of route planning and constraint for the special dynamic airspace area (SUA) are provided, and the original flight route organization is optimized.
The dynamic airspace flight route organization comprises: the method comprises the following steps of airspace planning, flexible airspace capacity organization and real-time dynamic route planning.
The spatial domain planning means that: the dynamic real-time planning, coordination and organization process of the airspace flight route. The dynamic airspace route organization is based on the support of performance navigation (PBN), establishes the precision requirement of flight tracks, reduces the space occupied by flight routes, and constructs a route plan and organization facing to a new flight environment; determining a navigation path and a margin for the aircraft based on the accuracy and continuity of a Regional Navigation (RNAV) route; aiming at the current airspace density and the traffic state, a current flight route organization is constructed, a traffic synchronization and management mode of the airspace aircraft is established, the sequencing and the flight interval based on the planned route are determined, the flight error and the constraint requirement of the flight route are provided, and the conflict of the aircraft route planning organization is avoided.
The flexible airspace capacity organization describes the monitoring, determining and adjusting process of the airspace running state and the constraint condition. The air management system determines the current capacity composition of an airspace according to the operation management state of an airspace special area (SUA) and the analysis of airspace traffic environment and meteorological conditions aiming at the operation state of the airspace aircraft according to the aircraft plan requirement, establishes the operation requirement facing the airspace aircraft, optimizes airspace flight routes and traffic management, constructs aircraft route organization and flight process constraint which meet the flight plan requirement and are dynamically matched with the current operation state of the airspace through cooperative decision with a pilot, reduces potential congestion of a trunk line and a busy crossing point, and completes the real-time monitoring, organization, adjustment and management of the airspace traffic operation state based on the airspace operation environment change process.
The real-time dynamic route planning refers to the following steps: the real-time short-distance route planning aiming at the change of the airspace environment is used for dealing with the change of the airspace traffic environment and meteorological conditions. On the basis of flight plan permission, based on an originally planned flight route, according to the change of the current airspace environment, aiming at the current airspace density and traffic state, a short-term (a short time slice) flight route dynamic organization is constructed in real time, such as a current flight route section (at least one route or at least one route point), the flight route planning and the airspace environment change are synchronized, and the aircraft operation is matched with the airspace environment change. The real-time dynamic route organization is to optimize the flight route and the constraint conditions of the airspace aircraft in real time by monitoring the airspace environment in real time and continuously adjusting the flight state on the basis of the original flight route.
The free flight mode is as follows: in the flying process, the aircraft autonomously constructs or adjusts a flying route section which is not originally in the airspace permission according to the airspace traffic environment and meteorological conditions under the permission of the airspace management system. That is, the airplane can fly according to the self-defined air route of the pilot in a certain part of airspace, and is not controlled and restricted by the air management system.
As shown in fig. 2, the free flight route organization determines the flight sector composition, the flight route organization, the flight track prediction, the flight path guidance, and the aircraft interval definition according to the real-time sensing of the airspace environment change (ADS-B), the aircraft Flight Management System (FMS), the performance-based navigation system (PBN), and the monitoring of the current flight state, and autonomously establishes the free flight route organization request. At the moment, according to the airspace organization and traffic management, the air traffic management system defines the operating airspace space of the free flight route organization according to the current traffic state of the airspace where the free flight route organization requests the aircraft, and according to the interactive monitoring and communication capacity (ADS-B and voice link) of the airspace aircraft, determines the operating time range of the free flight route organization, determines the minimum safety isolation requirement, and sends the request permission of the free flight route organization of the pilot.
The free flight route organization is completed: the free flight route is organized and operated, the autonomous flight interval is defined and maintained, and the airspace flight sector is dynamic.
The free flight route organization and operation are implemented by establishing the perception of an airspace traffic environment through ADS-B, determining the demand of the independent flight route organization, for example, the airplane perceives that the front-end airplane based on airspace route sequencing limits the optimal economical cruising speed of the airplane, and determining the current respective positions through ADS-B; coordinating the lateral crossing (Pass By) intention of the airplane through the inter-airplane voice communication; determining the interval maintenance of the autonomous traversing process through the definition of the flight interval; and determining the operation management of the traversing process through the flight state cooperative mode.
The definition and maintenance of the autonomous flight interval are that the autonomous flight path is determined according to an airplane Flight Management System (FMS) to form a flight interval organization; determining the self position of the airplane and the positions of other airplanes in an airspace according to a performance-based navigation system (PBN) to form the guidance of a flight interval organization; determining the self running state of the airplane, the running state of the airspace traffic airplane and the aeronautical route meteorological conditions according to the composition of an airplane monitoring system to form time intervals and distance intervals; according to the type and the weight of the airplane, the wake flow, the interval and the minimum safe isolation of the airplane are determined, and the minimum interval flight organization is formed. For example, in the process of traversing the airplane laterally, a safety interval facing the traversing airplane and based on the traversing plan is determined.
The dynamic configuration of the airspace flight sector is that an airspace free flight route operation area is determined by an air management system according to a free flight route organization request of a pilot, and a free flight route operation space and range are constructed; according to the positions and the operation states of the airspace request aircraft and the related aircraft, and according to the navigation and monitoring performance of the related aircraft, a free flight route and an autonomous operation mode are constructed; determining the composition of the airspace related sectors based on the organization structure and composition of the airspace sectors and the operating area of the airspace free flight route; and according to the running process of the airspace free flight route, constructing and adjusting the organization of the free flight route sector in real time based on the flying requirement of the airspace sector.
The airspace operation management entrusting authorization mode is as follows: in the land-based cruise process, a pilot requests the air management system to transfer the responsibility and the function of the currently responsible part of airspace traffic management to the mode responsible for and managed by the pilot according to the self flight state, the traffic environment and the meteorological conditions of the airspace around the airplane aiming at the airspace sequencing mode of the air management system.
The authorized flight crossing management means that: during ground-based flight, when the aircraft has advanced monitoring equipment and capabilities, such as automatic dependent surveillance broadcasting (ADS-B) and enhanced aircraft vision system (EFVS), the pilot has ambient traffic awareness and visual flight capabilities under low visibility conditions, and the air traffic management system can relinquish current cruise process flight interval management authority and responsibility to the pilot. After authorization for flight interval management, the pilot will be responsible for flight interval operational management, including flight interval definition, organization, monitoring, and reporting. The air management system no longer manages the flight interval of the aircraft, but continues to be responsible for managing the flight intervals of other aircraft in the airspace. When the emergency condition occurs in the airspace environment, such as other airplanes in the airspace threaten to the appointed authorized airplane due to flight deviation or exceed the vision enhancement range due to meteorological conditions, the authorized airplane requests to return the authorization mode, the air management system receives the return of the authorization mode, and the subsequent flight process interval management is implemented by adopting the airplane interval standard and the program of the air management system.
The operation mode of the pilot for the authorized flight crossing management is as follows: aiming at the authorized area and range of the air traffic control system, a pilot establishes a cooperative operation mode with a front-end crossed aircraft according to the traffic environment situation perception established by ADS-B, namely, a flight sequencing adjustment mode and a crossing mode are established in a cooperative mode, the identification number and the type of each aircraft are reported, the flight state of each aircraft is provided and comprises the position, the height and the speed, the minimum flight interval of the crossing process is established, the starting time and the ending time of the crossing plan are determined, the crossing mode is determined in a cooperative mode, and finally, the cooperative result is reported to the air traffic control system.
The authorized flight crossing management comprises a horizontal crossing flight sequencing mode, a vertical crossing flight sequencing mode and crossing process flight interval management.
As shown in fig. 3, the horizontal crossing flight sequence adjustment mode determines the constraint based on airspace permission that the horizontal space of the aircraft satisfies according to the current surrounding traffic and weather environment, constructs the direction of horizontal crossing (i.e. left or right), determines the starting point, maximum lateral offset and end point of horizontal crossing, establishes the route (waypoint and leg) of the horizontal crossing process, and specifies the speed of the horizontal crossing process. The trajectory of the horizontal traversal process is calculated given the lateral minimum separation between aircraft for the horizontal traversal process based on the maximum error of the navigation system, providing trajectory-based position, time, and altitude constraints.
As shown in fig. 4, the vertical crossing flight sequencing adjustment mode is to identify the constraint based on airspace permission satisfied by the current vertical space of the aircraft according to the traffic and meteorological conditions of the current altitude space, construct the direction of vertical crossing (i.e. upper or lower), determine the starting point, the highest or lowest vertex and the end point of vertical crossing, establish the climbing, level flight and descent gradient of the vertical crossing process, determine the vertical climbing/landing rate, determine the minimum altitude interval between the aircraft in the vertical crossing process according to the maximum error of the aircraft barometric system, calculate the flight path of the vertical crossing process, and provide the position, time and altitude constraint based on the flight path.
The crossing process flight interval management describes the interval maintenance and management of crossing airplanes and crossed airplanes in the horizontal or vertical crossing process. It is known that, before the crossing is authorized, the crossing aircraft and the crossed aircraft interact cooperatively, and the information of the flying position, the altitude, the speed and the intention of the opposite party, the flying route and the like are already mastered. After the crossing authorization, the crossing aircraft notifies the mode (horizontal or vertical crossing mode), the starting point, the departure point (or the highest/low point), and the ending point that the crossing aircraft crossed. After crossing is started, the crossed aircraft keeps the original flight state unchanged (course and speed), the crossed aircraft establishes a crossing process running track according to a cooperative crossing flight route and error constraint of a route point by adopting an autonomously defined flight interval, establishes position, course and speed monitoring among the aircraft in the crossing process through ADS-B, and establishes a visual-based monitoring process according to a visual-based enhanced flight system (EFVS). In the crossing process, if the interval between the crossing aircraft and the crossed aircraft cannot meet the constraint condition, the crossing aircraft cockpit generates an alarm and supports the maneuvering adjustment of the aircraft. And when the traversing process is finished, traversing the airplane to recover the flight route and the constraint defined by the original flight plan, and reporting to an air management system.
The embodiment aims at some defects of the current static airspace environment route planning mode and constructs dynamic airspace flight route organization. Facing to the complex dynamically-changed airspace environment, the air traffic control system and the airspace operating airplane support the real-time coordination of the pilot and the air traffic control system, provide a free flight mode facing the intention of the pilot, and complete the free flight route organization. In the free flight mode, the operation density of the airspace aircraft is higher and higher, the flight interval is narrower and narrower, the potential conflict of the airspace is larger and larger, the corresponding processing time of the air management system is shorter and shorter, and the pressure of the controller of the air management system is larger and larger. And finally, completing efficient authorized flight crossing management under a dynamic airspace by using an airspace operation management entrusting and authorizing mode.
Compared with the prior art, the method realizes the optimal organization of the air route by constructing the dynamic airspace flight route organization, and improves the airspace space and capacity utilization rate; by establishing a free flight mode, the free flight route organization is completed, the operation response speed and the real-time performance of the airspace airplane are effectively improved, and the working pressure and the load of a controller of an air traffic control system are also effectively reduced; and the efficient authorized flight crossing management under the dynamic airspace is completed through an airspace operation management entrusting authorization mode.
The foregoing embodiments may be modified in many different ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (4)
1. A land-based cruise process-oriented dynamic flight mode control method is characterized in that after airspace planning, flexible airspace capacity organization and real-time dynamic route planning, free flight route organization and operation planning, autonomous flight interval definition and maintenance and dynamic free flight route organization of airspace flight sectors are carried out, and finally authorized flight crossing management is realized by selecting a crossing flight sequencing adjustment mode and crossing process flight interval control.
2. The dynamic flight mode control method of claim 1, wherein the airspace planning is: the dynamic real-time planning, coordination and organization process of the airspace flight route, wherein the dynamic airspace route organization is based on the support of performance navigation (PBN), establishes the precision requirement of the flight track, reduces the space occupied by the flight route, and constructs a route plan and organization facing to a new flight environment; determining a navigation path and a tolerance of the aircraft based on the accuracy and continuity of the regional navigation routes; aiming at the current airspace density and the traffic state, constructing a current flight route organization, establishing a traffic synchronization and management mode of an airspace aircraft, determining the sequencing and flight interval based on a planned route, providing flight errors and constraint requirements of the flight route, and ensuring that the aircraft route planning organization has no conflict;
the flexible airspace capacity organization describes the monitoring, determining and adjusting processes of the airspace running state and the constraint condition;
the real-time dynamic route planning refers to the following steps: the real-time short-distance route planning aiming at the change of the airspace environment is used for dealing with the change of the airspace traffic environment and meteorological conditions.
3. The dynamic flight mode control method according to claim 1, wherein the free flight route organization autonomously establishes a free flight route organization request by determining a flight sector composition, a flight route organization, a flight track prediction, a flight path guidance, and an aircraft interval definition according to a real-time perception of airspace environment changes, according to an aircraft flight management system, a performance-based navigation system, and a monitoring of a current flight state; the air traffic control system requests the current traffic state of an airspace where the aircraft is located according to the airspace organization and traffic management, defines the free flight route organization operation airspace space aiming at the interactive monitoring and communication capacity of the airspace aircraft, determines the operation time range of the free flight route organization, determines the minimum safety isolation requirement, and sends the request permission of the free flight route organization of a pilot, thereby realizing the following steps: the free flight route is organized and operated, the autonomous flight interval is defined and maintained, and the airspace flight sector is dynamic.
4. The dynamic flight mode control method of claim 1, wherein the authorized flight traversal management is: during land-based flight, when the aircraft has advanced monitoring equipment and capability and the pilot has surrounding traffic perception capability and visual flight capability under low visibility conditions, the air management system transfers the current cruise process flight interval management power and responsibility to the pilot; the pilot will be responsible for flight interval definition, organization, monitoring and reporting and the air traffic management system will no longer manage the flight intervals for that aircraft, but will continue to be responsible for flight interval management for other aircraft in the airspace;
when the emergency situation occurs in the air area environment, the air management system receives the return of the authorization mode, and the subsequent flight process interval management is implemented by adopting the airplane interval standard and the program of the air management system.
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