CN112816842B - Impulse voltage generator - Google Patents
Impulse voltage generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN112816842B CN112816842B CN202011555607.8A CN202011555607A CN112816842B CN 112816842 B CN112816842 B CN 112816842B CN 202011555607 A CN202011555607 A CN 202011555607A CN 112816842 B CN112816842 B CN 112816842B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/14—Circuits therefor, e.g. for generating test voltages, sensing circuits
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
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Abstract
The present application relates to a surge voltage generator including a power supply unit, a first ball gap switch unit, a delay unit, a second ball gap switch unit, and a control unit. The power supply unit is used for providing direct-current voltage; the first ball gap switch unit is connected with the power supply unit and used for generating a first impulse voltage; the delay unit is connected with the first spherical gap switch unit; the control unit is used for controlling the second ball gap switch unit to be switched on after controlling the first ball gap switch unit to be switched on for preset time so as to enable the delay unit to discharge to trigger the second ball gap switch unit to generate second impulse voltage. The surge voltage generator can generate stable surge voltage, so that standard surge waves can be generated.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of power systems, and more particularly, to a surge voltage generator.
Background
High-voltage electrical equipment in an electric power system needs to be subjected to a surge voltage experiment before being put into operation so as to test the insulation performance of the electrical equipment under the action of overvoltage. The impulse voltage generator is mainly used for impulse voltage experiments of full-wave lightning impulse voltage, chopping lightning impulse voltage and operation impulse voltage waves of test articles such as power equipment.
In the conventional art, a surge voltage is generated by a ball gap switch discharge. However, the ball gap switch is affected by the external environment during the discharging process, so that the generated surge voltage is unstable.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a surge voltage generator to solve the above technical problems.
An embodiment of the present application provides a surge voltage generator, including:
a power supply unit for supplying a direct current voltage;
the first ball gap switch unit is connected with the power supply unit and used for generating a first impulse voltage;
a delay unit connected to the first ball gap switch unit;
the second ball gap switch unit is connected with the delay unit;
and the control unit is used for controlling the second spherical gap switch unit to be switched on after controlling the first spherical gap switch unit to be switched on for preset time so as to enable the delay unit to discharge to trigger the second spherical gap switch unit to generate second impulse voltage.
In one embodiment, the delay unit includes:
a capacitor C1, wherein a first end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the first ball gap switch unit;
and a first end of the resistor R1, a first end of the resistor R1 and a second end of the capacitor C1 are connected, and a second end of the resistor R2 and the second ball gap switch unit are connected.
In one embodiment, the second ball gap switch unit includes:
the first end of the first ball gap switch is connected with the time delay unit;
and the first trigger unit is connected with the second end of the first spherical gap switch and the control unit and is used for triggering the first spherical gap switch so as to break down the gap of the first spherical gap switch.
In one embodiment, the first ball gap switch comprises:
the first hemispherical electrode is connected with the time delay unit;
the second hemisphere electrode, the sphere of second hemisphere electrode and the relative interval setting of the sphere of first hemisphere electrode, second hemisphere electrode includes needle electrode and insulating layer, and the first end of needle electrode flushes with the sphere of second hemisphere electrode, and the second end of needle electrode is connected with first trigger unit, and the one side that first hemisphere electrode was kept away from to second hemisphere electrode is provided with the insulating layer, and the outside encircleing of needle electrode has the insulating layer.
In one embodiment, the first trigger unit includes:
a transformer T1 for connecting with an AC power supply;
a resistor R2, a first end of the resistor R2 is connected with a first end of a secondary winding of the transformer T1;
a rectifier tube D1, wherein the positive electrode of the rectifier tube D1 is connected with the first end of the resistor R2;
a first end of the capacitor C2 and a first end of the capacitor C2 are connected with a negative electrode of the rectifier tube D1;
a first end of the resistor R3 is connected with a second end of the capacitor C2, and a second end of the resistor R3 is connected with a second end of the first ball gap switch;
a resistor R4, wherein a first end of the resistor R4 is connected with a second end of the capacitor C2, and a second end of the resistor R4 is connected with a second end of a secondary winding of the transformer T1;
and a first end of the trigger capacitor is connected with a first end of the capacitor C2, a second end of the trigger capacitor is connected with a second end of the resistor R4, and a control end of the trigger capacitor is connected with the control unit.
In one embodiment, the power supply unit includes:
the transformer T2 is connected with the control unit and is used for being connected with an alternating current power supply;
a resistor R5, a first end of the resistor R5 is connected with a first end of a secondary winding of the transformer T2;
a capacitor C3, a first end of the capacitor C3 is connected with a second end of the resistor R5,
the first end of the rectifying circuit is connected with the second end of the secondary winding of the transformer T2, the second end of the rectifying circuit is connected with the second end of the capacitor C3, the third end of the rectifying circuit is connected with the first ball gap switch unit, and the rectifying circuit is used for converting alternating-current voltage passing through the transformer T2 into direct-current voltage;
and the capacitor C4 is connected with a rectifying circuit in parallel, the rectifying circuit is used for charging the capacitor C4, and the capacitor C4 is used for supplying direct-current voltage to the first ball gap switch unit when the power supply unit is disconnected.
In one embodiment, a rectifier circuit includes:
a rectifier tube D2, wherein the positive electrode of the rectifier tube D2 is connected with the second end of the secondary winding of the transformer T2, and the negative electrode of the rectifier tube D2 is connected with the second end of the capacitor C3;
a rectifier tube D3, wherein the positive electrode of the rectifier tube D3 is connected with the negative electrode of the rectifier tube D2;
and a first end of the resistor R6, a first end of the resistor R6 and a negative electrode of the rectifier tube D3 are connected, and a second end of the resistor R6 and the first ball gap switch unit are connected.
In one embodiment, the second ball gap switch unit includes:
a second ball gap switch, a first end of the second ball gap switch being connected to the power supply unit;
and the second trigger unit is connected with the second end of the second spherical gap switch and the control unit and is used for triggering the second spherical gap switch so as to break down the gap of the second spherical gap switch.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps:
a resistor R7 connected in parallel with the second ball gap switch unit;
a resistor R8, wherein the first end of the resistor R8 is connected with the second ball gap switch unit;
and a first end of the inductor is connected with a second end of the resistor R7.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps:
the anode of the first diode is connected with the second end of the inductor, and the cathode of the first diode is used for being connected with a load;
and the anode of the second diode is connected with the second end of the resistor R7, and the cathode of the second diode is connected with the anode of the first diode.
The embodiment of the application provides an impulse voltage generator, which comprises a power supply unit, a first spherical gap switch unit, a delay unit, a second spherical gap switch unit and a control unit. The first ball gap switch unit is connected with the power supply unit and used for generating a first impulse voltage; the delay unit is connected with the first spherical gap switch unit; the second ball gap switch unit is connected with the delay unit; the control unit is connected with the power supply unit, the first spherical gap switch unit and the second spherical gap switch unit. After the first spherical gap switch unit is switched on for the preset time, the control unit controls the second spherical gap switch unit to be switched on so that the delay unit discharges, and therefore the second spherical gap switch unit can generate the second impulse voltage. Therefore, the time of the first ball gap switch unit for generating the first impulse voltage is prolonged through the time delay unit and the second ball gap switch unit, and the second impulse voltage is generated, so that the impulse voltage generator can generate stable impulse voltage, and the impulse voltage generator can generate standard impulse waves.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or the conventional technologies of the present application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the conventional technologies will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a surge voltage generator according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a portion of a surge voltage generator according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second ball gap switch unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first ball gap switch unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a surge voltage generator according to an embodiment of the present application.
Description of reference numerals:
10. a surge voltage generator; 11. a first diode; 12. a second diode; 100. a power supply unit; 110. a rectifying circuit; 200. a first ball gap switch unit; 210. a second ball gap switch; 220. a second trigger unit; 300. a delay unit; 400. a second ball gap switch unit; 401. a needle electrode; 402. an insulating layer; 410. a first ball gap switch; 420. a first trigger unit; 421. a trigger capacitor; 500. a control unit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, embodiments accompanying the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. This application is capable of embodiments in many different forms than those described herein and that modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the application and it is therefore not intended to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
The following describes the technical solutions of the present application and how to solve the technical problems with the technical solutions of the present application in detail with specific embodiments. The following several specific embodiments may be combined with each other, and details of the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments. Embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The numbering of the components as such, e.g., "first", "second", etc., is used herein only to distinguish the objects as described, and does not have any sequential or technical meaning. The term "connected" and "coupled" when used in this application, unless otherwise indicated, includes both direct and indirect connections (couplings). In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present application and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be considered as limiting the present application.
In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
The impulse voltage generator provided by the embodiment of the application can be applied to an impulse voltage test of high-voltage electrical equipment in a power system. The impulse voltage generator can generate lightning impulse waves, operation overvoltage and other impulse waves and can detect the insulation performance of high-voltage electrical equipment under various impulse waves.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a surge voltage generator 10. The surge voltage generator 10 includes a power supply unit 100, a first ball gap switch unit 200, a delay unit 300, a second ball gap switch unit 400, and a control unit 500.
The power supply unit 100 is used to supply a dc voltage. The power supply unit 100 may be directly or indirectly connected to the first ball gap switch unit 200, the delay unit 300, and the second ball gap switch unit 400 to supply a dc voltage to the first ball gap switch unit 200, the delay unit 300, and the second ball gap switch unit 400, respectively. The power supply 100 may be a device capable of directly supplying a dc voltage, or may be a device capable of converting an ac voltage of a commercial power into a dc voltage. The present embodiment does not set any limit to the specific structure of the power supply unit 100 as long as the function thereof can be achieved.
The first ball gap switch unit 200 is connected to the power supply unit 100 for generating a first surge voltage. The first ball gap switch unit 200 is broken down when the voltage reaches a certain condition, i.e., the first ball gap switch unit 200 is turned on. At this time, the first ball gap switch unit 200 is discharged to generate a first surge voltage. The present embodiment does not set any limitation to the specific structure of the first ball gap switch unit 200 as long as the function thereof can be achieved.
The delay unit 300 is connected to the first ball gap switch unit 200. The second ball gap switch unit 400 is connected to the delay unit 300. The structure and kind of the second ball gap switch unit 400 may be the same as those of the first ball gap switch unit 200, and thus, the detailed description of the first ball gap switch unit 200 may be referred to for the description of the second ball gap switch unit 400, and will not be repeated herein. The delay unit 300 may extend the discharge time of the first ball gap switch unit 200. The embodiment does not limit the specific structure of the delay unit 300, as long as the function thereof can be realized.
The control unit 500 is connected to the power supply unit 100, the first ball gap switch unit 200, and the second ball gap switch unit 400, and the control unit 500 is configured to control the second ball gap switch unit 400 to be turned on to discharge the delay unit 300 after controlling the first ball gap switch unit 200 to be turned on for a preset time, so as to trigger the second ball gap switch unit 400 to generate a second impulse voltage. The control unit 500 may be a computer device, a microprocessor chip or other device, which may be, but not limited to, an industrial computer, a laptop, a smartphone, a tablet, a portable wearable device, and the like.
The control unit 500 is used to control the power supply unit 100 to be turned on and off, that is, the power supply unit 100 may be controlled to supply the dc voltage and stop supplying the dc voltage. The control unit 500 may be configured to control the first ball gap switch unit 200 to be turned on and off, that is, the control unit 500 may generate a control signal to control the first ball gap switch unit 200 to break down, so that the first ball gap switch unit 200 discharges to generate the first impulse voltage. After the first sphere gap switch unit 200 discharges for a preset time, the control unit 500 generates a pulse signal to control the second sphere gap switch unit 400 to break down, so that the delay unit 300 is connected to the loop to start discharging. At this time, the second ball gap switch unit 400 may discharge the discharge of the delay unit 300 through the gap of the second ball gap switch unit 400 to generate the second surge voltage. The first impulse voltage and the second impulse voltage are superposed, so that the impulse voltage generator 10 can finally generate stable impulse voltage, and the obtained impulse wave is more in accordance with the standard. For example, if the surge voltage generator 10 is used to generate a lightning surge, the lightning surge generated by the surge voltage generator 10 may be made to meet a standard by the superposition of the first surge voltage and the second surge voltage.
The working principle of the impulse voltage generator 10 provided by the embodiment of the application is as follows:
when the surge voltage generator 10 starts to operate, the control unit 500 first controls the first ball gap switch unit 200 to break down, so that the first ball gap switch unit 200 generates a first surge voltage according to the dc voltage provided by the power supply unit 100. After a preset time, the control unit 500 controls the second sphere gap switch unit 400 to break down, so that the delay unit 300 is connected to the loop. At this time, the second ball gap switch unit 400 discharges the discharge of the delay unit 300 through the gap of the second ball gap switch unit 400, and generates a second surge voltage. The impulse voltage finally generated by the impulse voltage generator 10 is a voltage obtained by superimposing the first impulse voltage and the second impulse voltage.
The surge voltage generator 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a power supply unit 100, a first ball gap switch unit 200, a delay unit 300, a second ball gap switch unit 400, and a control unit 500. The first ball gap switch unit 200 is connected to the power supply unit 100 for generating a first surge voltage; the delay unit 300 is connected with the first ball gap switch unit 200; the second ball gap switch unit 400 is connected with the delay unit 300; the control unit 500 is connected to each of the power supply unit 100, the first ball gap switch unit 200, and the second ball gap switch unit 400. In the impulse voltage generator 10 according to the embodiment of the present application, after the first spherical gap switch unit 200 is turned on for a preset time, the control unit 500 controls the second spherical gap switch unit 400 to be turned on, so that the delay unit 300 discharges, so that the second spherical gap switch unit 400 can generate the second impulse voltage. In this way, the time for the first ball gap switch unit 200 to generate the first surge voltage is prolonged by the delay unit 300 and the second ball gap switch unit 400, and the second surge voltage is generated, so that the surge voltage generator 10 can generate a stable surge voltage, and the surge voltage generator 10 can generate a standard surge wave, thereby improving the reliability of the surge voltage generator 10.
Referring to fig. 2, in one embodiment, the delay cell 300 includes a capacitor C1 and a resistor R1.
A first terminal of the capacitor C1 is connected to the first ball-gap switch cell 200. A first terminal of the resistor R1 is connected to the second terminal of the capacitor C1, and a second terminal of the resistor R2 is connected to the second ball gap switch cell 400. When the power supply unit 100 supplies a dc voltage, the capacitor C1 is charged. The discharge time of the first sphere gap switch unit 200 can be extended by the capacitor C1 and the resistor R1. The resistor R1 is used for protecting the capacitor C1 and preventing the voltage across the capacitor C1 from exceeding the maximum withstand voltage of the capacitor C1, so that the capacitor C1 breaks down. In this embodiment, the values of the capacitor C1 and the resistor R2 are not limited, and a user can select a suitable value according to actual conditions.
Referring to fig. 3, in one embodiment, the second ball gap switch unit 400 includes a first ball gap switch 410 and a first trigger unit 420. A first end of the first ball gap switch 410 is connected to the delay cell 300. The first triggering unit 420 is connected to the second end of the first ball gap switch 410 and the control unit 500, and is configured to trigger the first ball gap switch 410, so that the gap of the first ball gap switch 410 breaks down.
The first trigger unit 420 may include a trigger end and a control end, the trigger end of the first trigger unit 420 is connected to the first ball gap switch 410, and the control end of the first trigger unit 420 is connected to the control unit 500. The control unit 500 controls the first trigger unit 420 to operate after the first ball gap switch unit 200 starts to discharge for a preset time. The first trigger unit 420 generates a trigger signal to trigger the first ball gap switch 410, so that the gap of the first ball gap switch 410 breaks down. The first ball gap switch 410 includes a first end and a second end. A first end of the first ball gap switch 410 is connected to the delay cell 300. After the gap of the first ball-gap switch 410 breaks down, the delay unit 300 is connected to the loop. The first ball gap switch 410 may discharge the power discharged from the delay unit 300 through the gap to generate the second surge voltage. In the present embodiment, the second impulse voltage generated by the first ball gap switch 410 is superimposed with the first impulse voltage generated by the first ball gap switch unit 200, so that the impulse voltage generated by the impulse voltage generator 10 is more stable, and a standard impulse wave can be generated.
With continued reference to fig. 3, in one embodiment, the first ball gap switch 410 includes a first hemispherical electrode 411 and a second hemispherical electrode 412. The first hemispherical electrode 411 is connected to the delay unit 300. The spherical surface of the second hemispherical electrode 412 is spaced apart from the spherical surface of the first hemispherical electrode 411. The first hemispherical electrode 411 is connected to the delay unit 300 as a first terminal of the first ball-gap switch 410. The first hemispherical electrode 411 includes a spherical surface and an aspherical surface, and the second hemispherical electrode 412 also includes a spherical surface and an aspherical surface. The spherical surface of the second hemispherical electrode 412 is opposite to the spherical surface of the first hemispherical electrode 411, and there is a gap therebetween, which is the gap of the first ball gap switch 410. The size of the interval is not limited by the embodiment, and the user can set the interval according to the actual situation. The second hemispherical electrode 411 further includes a ground terminal for grounding.
The second hemispherical electrode 412 includes a needle electrode 401 and an insulating layer 402, and the needle electrode 401 includes a first end and a second end. The first end of the needle electrode 401 is flush with the spherical surface of the second hemispherical electrode 412, and the second end of the needle electrode 401 is connected with the first trigger unit 420. Specifically, the second end of the needle electrode 401 extends to a surface of the second hemispherical electrode 412 away from the first hemispherical electrode 411, i.e., an aspheric surface of the second hemispherical electrode 412. The second end of the needle electrode 401 is connected to the first trigger unit 420 as the trigger end of the first ball gap switch 410. The second hemispherical electrode 412 is away from the first hemispherical electrode 411, that is, the aspheric surface of the second hemispherical electrode 412 is provided with the insulating layer 402, and the insulating layer 402 is also surrounded outside the needle electrode 401. In a specific embodiment, the material of the insulating layer 402 is polytetrafluoroethylene.
The specific working process of the first ball gap switch 410 is as follows: when the first trigger unit 420 applies a trigger signal of an opposite polarity to the first hemispherical electrode 411 to the needle electrode 401, a creeping discharge is first caused between the needle electrode 401 and the second hemispherical electrode 412 along the surface of the insulating layer 402, thereby causing distortion in electric field distribution between the second hemispherical electrode 412 and the first hemispherical electrode 411, so that the gap of the first spherical gap switch 410 breaks down.
With continued reference to fig. 3, in an embodiment, the first trigger unit 420 includes a transformer T1, a resistor R2, a rectifier D1, a capacitor C2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, and a trigger capacitor 421.
In use, the primary winding of the transformer T1 is connected to an ac power source. The transformer T1 is a device that changes an alternating voltage using the principle of electromagnetic induction. The transformer T1 may convert the supplied ac voltage of the ac power source into an ac voltage of a first preset magnitude. The secondary winding of the transformer T1 includes a first end and a second end, and the present embodiment does not limit the number of turns of the primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer T1. The second terminal of the secondary winding of transformer T1 is grounded. A first end of the resistor R2 is connected to a first end of the secondary winding of the transformer T1, and a positive electrode of the rectifier D1 is connected to a first end of the resistor R2. The rectifier D1, i.e. the diode D1, can convert the ac power flowing through the rectifier D1 from the transformer T1 through the resistor R1 into a direct power by utilizing the unidirectional conductivity of the rectifier D1. The resistor R2 can protect the rectifier D1 and prevent the rectifier D1 from being damaged by the high voltage.
The first end of the capacitor C2 is connected to the negative terminal of the rectifier tube D1. A first terminal of the resistor R3 is connected to the second terminal of the capacitor C2, and a second terminal of the resistor R3 is connected to the second terminal of the first ball gap switch 410. A first terminal of the resistor R4 is connected to the second terminal of the capacitor C2, and a second terminal of the resistor R4 is connected to a second terminal of the secondary winding of the transformer T1. A second terminal of the resistor R3 is connected to a second terminal of the first ball gap switch 410 as a trigger terminal of the first trigger unit 420. The first terminal of the trigger capacitor 421 is connected to the first terminal of the capacitor C2, the second terminal of the trigger capacitor 421 is connected to the second terminal of the resistor R4, and the control terminal of the trigger capacitor 421 is connected to the control unit 500. In this embodiment, values of each device in the first trigger unit 420 are not limited, as long as functions thereof can be realized.
The specific working process of the first trigger unit 420 is as follows: the critical voltage can be provided by the first ball-gap switch 410 through the transformer T1, the resistor R2, the rectifier D1, the capacitor C2, and the resistor R4. The threshold voltage may cause the first ball-gap switch 410 to be in a critical state for breakdown. After the first sphere gap switch unit 200 discharges for a preset time, the control unit 500 sends a trigger signal to the trigger capacitor 421, so that the trigger capacitor 421 generates a trigger voltage, and the voltage provided to the first sphere gap switch 410 is greater than the threshold voltage, and then the first sphere gap switch 410 breaks down, and the discharge can be started. In this embodiment, a threshold voltage is first provided to the first ball gap switch 410, and then the trigger capacitor 421 is controlled to generate a smaller trigger voltage, so that the gap of the first ball gap switch 410 can be broken down, and the structure is simple and the operation is convenient.
Referring to fig. 4, in one embodiment, the power unit 100 includes a transformer T2, a resistor R5, a capacitor C3, a rectifying circuit 110, and a capacitor C4.
In use, the primary winding of the transformer T2 is connected to an ac power source and to the control unit 500. The control unit 500 may control switching between the primary winding of the transformer T2 and the ac voltage. In an alternative embodiment, the control unit 500 may control the on/off of the power supply unit 100 by controlling the on/off of the ac power supply. The secondary winding of the transformer T2 includes a first end and a second end, and the present embodiment does not limit the number of turns of the primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer T2. The transformer T2 may convert the ac voltage provided by the ac power source into an ac voltage of a second predetermined magnitude. A first terminal of resistor R5 is connected to a first terminal of the secondary winding of transformer T2. A first terminal of the capacitor C3 is connected to a second terminal of the resistor R5. The electric voltage R5 and the capacitor C3 are connected in series to reduce the interference of the alternating voltage generated by the transformer T2, the capacitor C3 also serves as a bypass capacitor to provide the instantaneous voltage for the circuit at the later stage, and the resistor R5 can protect the capacitor C3.
The first terminal of the rectifying circuit 110 is connected to the second terminal of the secondary winding of the transformer T2. A second terminal of the rectifying circuit 110 is connected to a second terminal of the capacitor C3, and a third terminal of the rectifying circuit 110 is connected to the first sphere gap switching unit 200. The rectifying circuit 110 is used to convert the ac voltage passing through the transformer T2 into a dc voltage so that the power supply unit 100 supplies the dc voltage. The capacitor C4 is connected in parallel with the rectifying circuit 110, the rectifying circuit 110 is used to charge the capacitor C4, and the capacitor C4 is used to supply a dc voltage to the first sphere gap switch unit 200 when the power supply unit 100 is turned off. The present embodiment does not set any limit to the specific structure of the rectifier circuit 110 as long as the function thereof can be achieved. In addition, the present embodiment does not limit specific values of each device in the power supply unit 100, as long as the functions thereof can be realized.
The specific working process of the power supply unit 100 is as follows: when the surge voltage generator 10 starts to operate, the control unit 500 controls the ac power source to be connected to the primary winding of the transformer T2, so that the secondary winding of the transformer T2 can generate an ac voltage of a second predetermined voltage magnitude, and the ac voltage is converted into a dc voltage by the rectifier circuit 110 to charge the capacitor C4. After the capacitor C4 is fully charged, the control unit 500 controls the ac power source to be disconnected from the primary winding of the transformer T2, and the capacitor C4 starts to discharge to supply the dc voltage to the first ball-gap switching unit 200.
With continued reference to fig. 4, in one embodiment, the rectifying circuit 110 includes a rectifier D2, a rectifier D3, and a resistor R6. The positive electrode of the rectifier tube D2 is connected to the second end of the secondary winding of the transformer T2, and the negative electrode of the rectifier tube D2 is connected to the second end of the capacitor C3. The positive electrode of the rectifier tube D3 is connected to the negative electrode of the rectifier tube D2. A first terminal of the resistor R6 is connected to the negative electrode of the rectifier tube D3, and a second terminal of the resistor R6 is connected to the first ball gap switch unit 200. The rectifier D2 is also the diode D2, and the rectifier D3 is also the diode D3. The rectifier tube D2 and the rectifier tube D3 may constitute a half-wave rectifier circuit, and the purpose of converting an ac voltage into a dc voltage can be achieved. The resistor R6 is used to protect the rectifier tube D2 and the rectifier tube D3, and ensure the normal operation of the rectifier circuit 110. In the present embodiment, the rectifier circuit 110 has a simple structure and is easy to implement.
Referring to fig. 5, in one embodiment, the first ball gap switch unit 200 includes a second ball gap switch 210 and a second trigger unit 220. A first terminal of the second ball-gap switch 210 is connected to the power supply unit 100. The structure of the second ball gap switch 210 may be the same as that of the first ball gap switch 410, and therefore, the detailed description of the first ball gap switch 410 may be referred to for the description of the second ball gap switch 210, and will not be repeated herein. The second triggering unit 220 is connected to the second end of the second ball gap switch 210 and the control unit 500, and is configured to trigger the second ball gap switch 210, so that the gap of the second ball gap switch 210 breaks down. The second trigger unit 220 may have the same structure as the first trigger unit 420, and therefore, the description of the second trigger unit 220 may refer to the detailed description of the first trigger unit 420 in the foregoing embodiment, which is not repeated herein.
The specific working process of the first ball gap switch unit 200 is as follows: when the ac power supply stops supplying the ac voltage to the transformer T2, the control unit 500 controls the second triggering unit 220 to operate. The second triggering unit 220 triggers the second ball gap switch 210 so that the gap of the second ball gap switch 210 breaks down. The second ball-gap switch 210 may discharge the full charge in the capacitor C4 in the power supply unit 100 through the gap, thereby generating the first surge voltage.
Referring to fig. 6, in one embodiment, the surge voltage generator 10 further includes a resistor R7, a resistor R8, and an inductor L. A resistor R7 is connected in parallel with the second sphere gap switching cell 400. The resistor R7 is a tail resistor of the impulse voltage generator 10, and by changing the resistance of the resistor R7, the magnitude of the impulse voltage generated by the impulse voltage generator 10 can be changed, so that the amplitude of the impulse wave generated by the impulse voltage generator 10 can be changed. A first end of the resistor R8 is connected to the second ball gap switch cell 400; a first terminal of the inductor L is connected to a second terminal of the resistor R7. The resistor R8 and the inductor L are connected in series, so that the surge voltage generated by the surge voltage generator 10 is more stable, and the high-frequency burrs in the surge wave generated by the surge voltage generator 10 can be restrained. In this embodiment, values of the resistor R7, the resistor R8, and the inductor L are not limited, as long as functions thereof can be realized.
With continued reference to fig. 6, in one embodiment, the surge voltage generator 10 further includes a first diode 11 and a second diode 12. The anode of the first diode 11 is connected to the second terminal of the inductor L, and in use, the cathode of the first diode 11 is connected to the load. The anode of the second diode 12 is connected to the second terminal of the resistor R7, and the cathode of the second diode 12 is connected to the anode of the first diode 11. By using the unidirectional conductivity of the diodes, the first diode 11 and the second diode 12 can constitute a protection circuit, which can prevent the surge voltage generated by the surge voltage generator 10 from damaging the second ball gap switch unit 400, the delay unit 300, the first ball gap switch unit 200 and the power supply unit 100 at the front end, thereby improving the reliability of the surge voltage generator 10.
All possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments may not be described for the sake of brevity, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present disclosure as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent application shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A surge voltage generator, comprising:
a power supply unit for supplying a direct current voltage;
the first ball gap switch unit is connected with the power supply unit and used for generating a first impulse voltage;
the time delay unit is connected with the first spherical gap switch unit; the time delay unit is used for charging when the power supply unit provides direct-current voltage;
a second ball gap switch unit connected to the delay unit;
the control unit is used for controlling the second spherical gap switch unit to be switched on after controlling the first spherical gap switch unit to be switched on for a preset time so as to enable the delay unit to discharge to trigger the second spherical gap switch unit to generate a second impulse voltage; the first impulse voltage and the second impulse voltage are superposed to generate a stable impulse voltage.
2. The surge voltage generator of claim 1, wherein the delay unit comprises:
a capacitor C1, a first terminal of the capacitor C1 being connected to the first ball gap switch unit;
a resistor R1, a first terminal of the resistor R1 is connected to the second terminal of the capacitor C1, and a second terminal of the resistor R1 is connected to the second sphere gap switch unit.
3. The surge voltage generator of claim 1, wherein the second sphere gap switch unit comprises:
a first ball gap switch, a first end of the first ball gap switch being connected to the delay unit;
and the first trigger unit is connected with the second end of the first spherical gap switch and the control unit and is used for triggering the first spherical gap switch so as to break down the gap of the first spherical gap switch.
4. The surge voltage generator of claim 3, wherein the first ball gap switch comprises:
the first hemispherical electrode is connected with the delay unit;
the second hemisphere electrode, the sphere of second hemisphere electrode with the relative interval of sphere of first hemisphere electrode sets up, the second hemisphere electrode includes needle electrode and insulating layer, the first end of needle electrode with the sphere of second hemisphere electrode flushes, the second end of needle electrode with first trigger unit connects, the second hemisphere electrode is kept away from the one side of first hemisphere electrode is provided with the insulating layer, just needle electrode outside is around having the insulating layer.
5. The surge voltage generator according to claim 3, wherein the first trigger unit comprises:
a transformer T1 for connecting with an AC power supply;
a resistor R2, a second end of the resistor R2 is connected with a first end of the secondary winding of the transformer T1;
a rectifier tube D1, wherein the positive electrode of the rectifier tube D1 is connected with the first end of the resistor R2;
a capacitor C2, wherein a first end of the capacitor C2 is connected with a negative electrode of the rectifier tube D1;
a resistor R3, a first terminal of the resistor R3 being connected to a second terminal of the capacitor C2, a second terminal of the resistor R3 being connected to a second terminal of the first sphere gap switch;
a resistor R4, a first terminal of the resistor R4 is connected with a second terminal of the capacitor C2, and a second terminal of the resistor R4 is connected with a second terminal of the secondary winding of the transformer T1;
and a first end of the trigger capacitor is connected with a first end of a capacitor C2, a second end of the trigger capacitor is connected with a second end of the resistor R4, and a control end of the trigger capacitor is connected with the control unit.
6. The surge voltage generator according to claim 1, wherein the power supply unit comprises:
the transformer T2 is connected with the control unit and is used for being connected with an alternating current power supply;
a resistor R5, a first end of the resistor R5 is connected with a first end of the secondary winding of the transformer T2;
a capacitor C3, a first terminal of the capacitor C3 is connected with a second terminal of the resistor R5,
a rectifier circuit, a first end of which is connected to a second end of the secondary winding of the transformer T2, a second end of which is connected to a second end of the capacitor C3, a third end of which is connected to the first bandgap switch unit, the rectifier circuit being configured to convert an ac voltage passing through the transformer T2 into the dc voltage;
a capacitor C4 connected in parallel with the rectifying circuit, the rectifying circuit is configured to charge the capacitor C4, and the capacitor C4 is configured to provide the dc voltage to the first sphere gap switch unit when the power supply unit is turned off.
7. The surge voltage generator according to claim 6, wherein the rectifying circuit comprises:
a rectifier tube D2, wherein the positive electrode of the rectifier tube D2 is connected with the second end of the secondary winding of the transformer T2, and the negative electrode of the rectifier tube D2 is connected with the second end of the capacitor C3;
a rectifier tube D3, wherein the positive electrode of the rectifier tube D3 is connected with the negative electrode of the rectifier tube D2;
a resistor R6, wherein a first end of the resistor R6 is connected with the negative electrode of the rectifier tube D3, and a second end of the resistor R6 is connected with the first sphere gap switch unit.
8. The surge voltage generator of claim 1, wherein the first ball gap switch unit comprises:
a second ball gap switch, a first end of the second ball gap switch being connected to the power supply unit;
and the second trigger unit is connected with the second end of the second spherical gap switch and the control unit and is used for triggering the second spherical gap switch so as to break down the gap of the second spherical gap switch.
9. The surge voltage generator according to claim 1, further comprising:
a resistor R7 connected in parallel with the second ball gap switch unit;
a resistor R8, a first end of the resistor R8 being connected to the second ball gap switch unit;
an inductor, a first end of the inductor being connected to a second end of the resistor R8.
10. The surge voltage generator according to claim 9, further comprising:
the anode of the first diode is connected with the second end of the inductor, and the cathode of the first diode is used for being connected with a load;
a second diode having an anode connected to the second end of the resistor R7 and a cathode connected to the anode of the first diode.
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