CN112816793A - Method and system for measuring electromagnetic scattering coefficient of foil strip cloud and application - Google Patents

Method and system for measuring electromagnetic scattering coefficient of foil strip cloud and application Download PDF

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CN112816793A
CN112816793A CN202110004612.8A CN202110004612A CN112816793A CN 112816793 A CN112816793 A CN 112816793A CN 202110004612 A CN202110004612 A CN 202110004612A CN 112816793 A CN112816793 A CN 112816793A
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coefficient
foil
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antenna
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CN112816793B (en
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余乐
苏金华
左炎春
彭傲
方争光
吴东辉
郭雨航
刘伟
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Xidian University
Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Technology
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Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Technology
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of foil cloud cluster reflection, transmission and attenuation coefficient measurement, and discloses a method, a system and application for measuring a foil cloud electromagnetic scattering coefficient, wherein a deterministic foil cloud model is constructed by a method of inserting metal wires into foam blocks; calculating the reflection coefficient of the foil strip cloud to be measured by measuring a material with a known reflection coefficient as calibration data and using a comparison method; calculating the transmission coefficient of the foil cloud to be measured by measuring a material with a known transmission coefficient as calibration data and using a comparison method; calculating the attenuation coefficient of the foil strip cloud by comparing the received power before and after adding the material; and measuring the cloud related parameters of the foil strips in different polarization modes by changing the polarization angle of the transmitting and receiving antenna. The invention measures the reflection coefficient, the transmission coefficient and the attenuation coefficient, and can apply the measurement parameters to the electromagnetic calculation of the foil cloud; the experimental method is simple and practical, and can be applied to measurement of other materials.

Description

Method and system for measuring electromagnetic scattering coefficient of foil strip cloud and application
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of foil cloud cluster reflection, transmission and attenuation coefficient measurement, and particularly relates to a method and a system for measuring a foil cloud electromagnetic scattering coefficient and application of the method and the system.
Background
At present: the foil strips are common passive interference materials, a single foil strip is usually made of aluminum foil strips or fibers coated with complex metals, interference echoes can be generated in a certain space, and a large number of foil strips can reflect a target cloud in light air. Foil strips are often dropped by aircraft to shield or screen other aircraft or to cause tracking radar to be out of control. In world war II, foil strips were first used as electromagnetic interference materials. The airplane throws a large number of foil strips to form a corridor, and other airplanes are shielded from being tracked by ground radar. Later, foil strip interference was applied to sea wars, and ships launched a large number of foil strip projectiles to form foil strip cloud interference attacking missiles, wherein the interference modes are centroid interference and dilution type interference. At present, foil strip interference is still an important interference means and widely used. In order to adapt to more and more complete radar systems, the military forces of america, english and the like have started the development of new foil strips. Foil strip interference is still a research focus of many scholars in the future.
Currently, there are two main ways to study the diffusion properties of foil strips: theoretical analytical methods based on aerodynamics and empirical formulas based on actual measurement data. Many models of the cloud diffusion of foil strips are proposed by using the two methods, for example, the orientation of the foil strips in the cloud of foil strips is generally considered to be normal distribution with a mean value of zero degrees. The proposal of the mathematical models provides a theoretical basis for the production of the foil strip cloud model.
At present, the experiment on the foil strip cloud interference is mainly divided into an external field experiment and an internal field experiment. The foil cloud interference experiment is time-consuming and labor-consuming under the field condition, is interfered by a plurality of environmental factors, and can not be manually controlled by the factors. For example, the density and the orientation of the foil cloud under the external field experiment condition cannot be controlled, and the diffusion speed of the foil cloud is high under the strong wind condition, so that the effective measurement time is extremely short. In a general internal field experiment, foil strip clouds are used as scatterers, and only single-station RCS and double-station RCS of the foil strip clouds are measured. Such experiments measure fewer parameters, which are also valid for only one model.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:
(1) the foil cloud interference experiment is time-consuming and labor-consuming under the field condition, is interfered by a plurality of environmental factors, and can not be manually controlled by the factors.
(2) In an internal field experiment, foil strip clouds are used as scatterers, and only single-station RCS and double-station RCS of the foil strip clouds are measured frequently.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: (1) environmental factors are not controllable; (2) the cloud distribution of the foil strips to be detected is difficult to obtain; (3) the direct measurement method is difficult to obtain accurate cloud reflection, transmission and attenuation coefficients of the foil strips.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: compared with a common external field experiment scheme, the scheme uses a foam-fixed foil strip cloud model, the density and orientation of the foil strips can be controlled, other interference can be eliminated from the measurement result under the darkroom condition, and the measurement result is more accurate. Compared with a common internal field experiment, the measuring method provided by the invention takes the foil cloud with different distributions and densities as materials with different characteristics, and measures the reflection coefficient, the transmission coefficient and the attenuation coefficient of the foil cloud. Therefore, the scheme can provide a reliable experimental method for researching foil cloud with different densities and different distributions.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method and a system for measuring a cloud electromagnetic scattering coefficient of a foil strip and application of the method and the system.
The invention is realized in such a way that a method for measuring the electromagnetic wave coefficient of a foil strip comprises the following steps:
constructing a deterministic foil strip cloud model by a method of inserting metal wires into the foam blocks;
calculating the reflection coefficient of the foil strip cloud to be measured by measuring a material with a known reflection coefficient as calibration data and using a comparison method;
calculating the transmission coefficient of the foil cloud to be measured by measuring a material with a known transmission coefficient as calibration data and using a comparison method;
calculating the attenuation coefficient of the foil strip cloud by comparing the received power before and after adding the material;
and measuring the cloud related parameters of the foil strips in different polarization modes by changing the polarization angle of the transmitting and receiving antenna.
Further, the method for measuring the electromagnetic wave coefficient of the foil strip specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, manufacturing a foil strip cloud by a method of inserting a metal wire into a foam flat plate;
and secondly, installing experimental equipment, including a receiving horn antenna, a transmitting horn antenna and the installation of the tested material. The position of the transmitting and receiving antenna is determined according to the measurement parameters;
and thirdly, connecting experimental instruments, including a vector network analyzer and a transmitting-receiving antenna. After the instrument is connected, a power supply is switched on for preheating for five minutes;
fourthly, mounting the transmitting-receiving antenna on the same antenna bracket in a close manner, measuring the reflection coefficient of the foil strip cloud, and horizontally rotating the test jig to change the incident angle;
fifthly, rotating the receiving and transmitting antenna to change the polarization receiving and transmitting angle and measuring the reflection coefficient under different polarization receiving and transmitting conditions;
sixthly, respectively installing the transmitting and receiving antenna on a left antenna support and a right antenna support, placing the tested material support between two testing frames, and measuring the cloud transmission coefficient of the foil strip;
and seventhly, after the foil cloud transmission coefficient measurement experiment is completed, keeping the position of the instrument unchanged, and measuring the foil cloud attenuation coefficient.
Further, the method for manufacturing the foil strip test material is as follows:
(1) firstly, a foam flat plate is manufactured, and a slender metal wire is cut out to be used as a foil strip; inserting metal wires into a foam flat plate, dividing grids on the foam, and controlling the number of foil strips in each grid;
(2) manufacturing a plurality of materials to be detected according to the step (1), and splicing a plurality of foam flat plates together to form a thicker foil strip cloud;
the installation of the experimental equipment comprises the following steps:
(1) the material to be measured is fixed on a material support to be measured, and the material support can measure solid and liquid as shown in figure 6. If the solid material is measured, the solid material is fixed by using a screw, and the height of the material is adjusted to be parallel to the height of the antenna. If the liquid is measured, a glass box is used for containing the liquid. (ii) a
(2) When the cloud reflection coefficient of the foil strip is measured, only one antenna bracket is needed to be installed, the other antenna bracket B is moved away to avoid influence on experimental measurement, and the receiving and transmitting antennas are all installed on the antenna bracket A to be close to each other to form a single-station measuring system;
(3) the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna are separated by a wave-absorbing material;
(4) when the transmission coefficient and the attenuation coefficient are measured, two antenna brackets are installed and respectively arranged at two sides of the measured material rack, as shown in fig. 6, an antenna bracket a and an antenna bracket B are respectively arranged at two sides of the measured material rack;
the connection of the laboratory instrument comprises the following steps:
(1) the output port and the receiving port of the vector network analyzer are respectively connected with a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna by coaxial lines;
(2) after the instrument is correctly connected, electrifying the whole system, preheating for five minutes, and then starting the test;
the measurement of the reflection coefficient of the cloud of foil strips comprises the following steps:
(1) installing an antenna;
(2) firstly, it is confirmedThe definition of the constant reflection coefficient is that the incidence surface is xoz, then
Figure BDA0002882642780000041
Obtaining the following according to Maxwell equation in free space:
Figure BDA0002882642780000042
Figure BDA0002882642780000043
the above equation is divided into two cases of TE wave and TM wave, and for TE wave, the simplification is:
Figure BDA0002882642780000044
Figure BDA0002882642780000051
above the reflecting surface, there are:
Ey＝[E0exp(-ik0zz)+RE0exp(ik0zz)]exp(ikxx)
Figure BDA0002882642780000052
Figure BDA0002882642780000053
defining the above formula R as the reflection coefficient;
for TM waves, the simplification is:
Figure BDA0002882642780000054
Figure BDA0002882642780000055
above the reflecting surface, there are:
Hy＝[H0exp(-ik0zz)+RH0exp(ik0zz)]exp(ikxx),z＞0
Figure BDA0002882642780000056
Figure BDA0002882642780000057
wherein R is the reflection coefficient;
the reflection coefficient is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002882642780000058
wherein, PrAs reflected wave power, P0Is the incident wave power;
(3) the antenna mount a is moved back and forth so that the value of the received power is in an appropriate interval, and then measurement is started. First, a material with a known reflection coefficient is measured as a calibration, assuming that the reflection coefficient is R1The reflected power is measured by experiment to be P1Replacing the material to be measured, and measuring the reflection power P by experiment2；
(4) Obtaining the reflection coefficient R of the material to be measured through experimental measurement parameters2Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002882642780000061
(5) the reflection coefficient measurement of different polarization modes is mainly realized by rotating a horn antenna on an antenna bracket. As shown in fig. 6, the polarization angle of the transmitting and receiving antenna is changed by rotating the horn antenna.
Further, the measurement steps of the transmission coefficient of the foil strip cloud are as follows:
(1) installing an antenna;
(2) given the definition of the transmission coefficient, we get below the reflecting surface, for the TE wave:
Ety＝TE0exp(-iktzz)exp(ikxx)
Figure BDA0002882642780000062
Figure BDA0002882642780000063
for TM waves there are:
Hty＝TH0exp(-iktzz)exp(ikxx)
Figure BDA0002882642780000064
Figure BDA0002882642780000065
also, since any of the linearly polarized waves is decomposed into the above two polarized waves, the transmission coefficient is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002882642780000066
wherein, PtIs the transmitted wave power.
(3) Firstly, a material with a known transmission coefficient is measured as a calibration body, wherein the transmission coefficient is T1The transmission power is measured by experiment to be P1Replacing the material to be measured, and measuring the transmission power P by experiment2；
(4) Obtaining the transmission system of the material to be measured through the experimental measurement parametersNumber T2Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002882642780000071
further, the steps of measuring the cloud attenuation coefficient of the foil strip are as follows:
(1) the attenuation coefficient is first defined. The following wave equations can be obtained from the maxwell system of equations:
Figure BDA0002882642780000072
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002882642780000073
defining β as a phase coefficient, α as an attenuation coefficient, and the transmitted wave as:
E(r)＝E0exp(-αr)exp(-iβ·r)；
transmitting antenna with transmitting power of P0When no material is added, the power received by the receiving antenna is P1The power received after adding the material to be measured is P2. Without considering the phase, the attenuation coefficient is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002882642780000074
wherein d is the thickness of the material to be measured;
(2) after the antenna is installed, the antenna bracket A and the antenna bracket B are moved back and forth, so that the receiving power of the receiving antenna is not too large or too small. Nothing is to be put on the material rack, and the reception power P of the receiving antenna is measured and recorded1The receiving power of the antenna is P obtained after the material to be measured is placed on the material frame2And measuring the thickness d of the material;
(3) and calculating the attenuation coefficient of the material by using the data obtained by the last step of measurement.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for measuring electromagnetic wave coefficients of a foil strip, which implements the method for measuring electromagnetic wave coefficients of a foil strip, the system comprising:
the foil strip cloud model building module is used for building a deterministic foil strip cloud model by a method of inserting metal wires into the foam blocks;
the reflection coefficient calculation module is used for calculating the reflection coefficient of the foil cloud to be measured by measuring a material with a known reflection coefficient as calibration data and using a comparison method;
the transmission coefficient calculation module is used for calculating the transmission coefficient of the foil cloud to be measured by measuring a material with a known transmission coefficient as calibration data and using a comparison method;
the attenuation coefficient calculation module is used for calculating the attenuation coefficient of the foil strip cloud by comparing the received power before and after adding the material;
and the foil cloud related parameter measuring module is used for measuring foil cloud related parameters in different polarization modes by changing the polarization angle of the transmitting and receiving antenna.
The invention also aims to provide a method for measuring the reflection, transmission and attenuation coefficients of the cloud cluster of the foil strip, which uses the method for measuring the electromagnetic wave coefficients of the foil strip.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the invention particularly relates to measurement of electromagnetic wave reflection coefficient, transmission coefficient and attenuation coefficient and polarization characteristic analysis, and can be used for measurement of foil strip cloud group reflection, transmission and attenuation coefficient in the field of electronic countermeasure and measurement of electromagnetic characteristics of other various materials.
The invention provides an experimental method capable of measuring the reflection, transmission and attenuation coefficients of foil cloud under the conditions of any density, any distribution and any polarization. According to the method for manufacturing the model by using the foam fixed foil strip, the foil strip cloud with any density can be manufactured, and an accurate model is provided for a foil strip cloud measurement experiment.
According to the experimental method, the foil cloud is regarded as a material, the reflection coefficient, the transmission coefficient and the attenuation coefficient of the material are measured, and the measured parameters can be applied to the electromagnetic calculation of the foil cloud. The experimental method for measuring the cloud reflection, transmission and attenuation coefficients of the foil strips is simple and practical, and can be applied to measurement of other materials.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for measuring an electromagnetic scattering coefficient of a foil cloud according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for measuring electromagnetic scattering coefficients of a foil cloud according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in fig. 2: 1. a foil strip cloud model building module; 2. a reflection coefficient calculation module; 3. a transmission coefficient calculation module; 4. an attenuation coefficient calculation module; 5. and a foil strip cloud related parameter measuring module.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of TE wave reflection and transmission provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of TM wave reflection and transmission provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a foil strip cloud model provided by an embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 6 is an overall schematic view of a test rack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method, a system and an application for measuring a cloud electromagnetic scattering coefficient of a foil strip, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for measuring the electromagnetic wave coefficient of the foil strip provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: constructing a deterministic foil strip cloud model by a method of inserting metal wires into the foam blocks;
s102: calculating the reflection coefficient of the foil strip cloud to be measured by measuring a material with a known reflection coefficient as calibration data and using a comparison method;
s103: calculating the transmission coefficient of the foil cloud to be measured by measuring a material with a known transmission coefficient as calibration data and using a comparison method;
s104: calculating the attenuation coefficient of the foil strip cloud by comparing the received power before and after adding the material;
s105: and measuring the cloud related parameters of the foil strips in different polarization modes by changing the polarization angle of the transmitting and receiving antenna.
The method for measuring the electromagnetic wave coefficient of the foil strip provided by the invention can be implemented by adopting other steps by persons skilled in the art, and the method for measuring the electromagnetic wave coefficient of the foil strip provided by the invention in fig. 1 is only one specific embodiment.
As shown in fig. 2, the system for measuring electromagnetic wave coefficients of a foil strip provided by the present invention comprises:
the foil strip cloud model building module 1 is used for building a deterministic foil strip cloud model by a method of inserting metal wires into the foam blocks;
the reflection coefficient calculation module 2 is used for calculating the reflection coefficient of the foil cloud to be measured by measuring a material with a known reflection coefficient as calibration data and using a comparison method;
the transmission coefficient calculation module 3 is used for calculating the transmission coefficient of the foil cloud to be measured by measuring a material with a known transmission coefficient as calibration data and using a comparison method;
the attenuation coefficient calculation module 4 is used for calculating the attenuation coefficient of the foil cloud by comparing the received power before and after adding the material;
and the foil cloud related parameter measuring module 5 is used for measuring foil cloud related parameters in different polarization modes by changing the polarization angle of the transceiving antenna.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the following specific examples.
The method for measuring the electromagnetic wave coefficient of the foil strip comprises the following steps:
firstly, a foil cloud material is manufactured, and the foil cloud is manufactured by a method of inserting metal wires into a foam flat plate.
And secondly, installing experimental equipment, which mainly comprises a receiving horn antenna, a transmitting horn antenna and the installation of the tested material. The position of the transmit-receive antenna is dependent on the measurement parameters.
And thirdly, connecting experimental instruments, wherein the connection of the experimental instruments mainly comprises the connection of a vector network analyzer and a transmitting-receiving antenna. After the instrument is connected, the power supply is switched on to preheat for five minutes.
And fourthly, mounting the transmitting-receiving antenna on the same antenna bracket in a close manner, measuring the reflection coefficient of the foil strip cloud, and horizontally rotating the test jig to change the incident angle.
And fifthly, rotating the transmitting and receiving antenna to change the polarization transmitting and receiving angle and measuring the reflection coefficient under different polarization transmitting and receiving conditions.
And sixthly, respectively installing the receiving and transmitting antenna on the left antenna support and the right antenna support, and measuring the cloud transmission coefficient of the foil strips by placing the tested material support between the two test frames.
And seventhly, after the foil cloud transmission coefficient measurement experiment is completed, keeping the position of the instrument unchanged, and measuring the foil cloud attenuation coefficient.
The method for manufacturing the foil strip test material comprises the following steps:
(1.1) first, a foam plate is made, and a thin and long metal wire is cut out to be used as a foil strip. The insertion of wires into the foam slab allows the division of the grid on the foam, controlling the number of foil strips in each grid and thus the density of the cloud of foil strips.
(1.2) manufacturing a plurality of pieces of the material to be tested according to the step (1.1), and during experiment, splicing a plurality of foam flat plates together to form a thick foil cloud.
(2) The installation of the experimental equipment comprises the following steps:
and (2.1) fixing the material to be detected on the material support, fixing the material by using screws, and adjusting the center height of the material and the antenna level.
And (2.2) when the cloud emission coefficient of the foil strip is measured, only one antenna bracket A needs to be installed, and the other bracket B needs to be removed, so that the influence on experimental measurement is avoided. Then, the transmitting and receiving antenna is arranged on the antenna bracket A, so that the transmitting and receiving antenna is close to form a single-station measuring system.
And (2.3) the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna are separated by a wave-absorbing material, so that direct coupling is avoided.
And (2.4) when the transmission coefficient and the attenuation coefficient are measured, two antenna brackets are required to be installed. A. And B, the two antenna supports are respectively arranged at two sides of the material rack to be detected.
(3) The connection of the laboratory instrument comprises the following steps:
and (3.1) connecting the output port and the receiving port of the vector network analyzer with a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna respectively by using coaxial lines.
And (3.2) after the instrument is correctly connected, electrifying the whole system, and starting the test after preheating for five minutes.
(4) The measurement of the reflection coefficient of the cloud of foil strips comprises the following steps:
and (4.1) installing the antenna according to the steps (2.2) and (2.3).
(4.2) first, the definition of the reflection coefficient is determined, assuming that the incidence plane is xoz
Figure BDA0002882642780000111
From maxwell's equations in free space, we can derive:
Figure BDA0002882642780000112
Figure BDA0002882642780000121
the above equations are divided into two cases of TE wave and TM wave, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3.
For TE waves, we can simplify:
Figure BDA0002882642780000122
Figure BDA0002882642780000123
above the reflecting surface, there are:
Ey＝[E0exp(-ik0zz)+RE0exp(ik0zz)]exp(ikxx)
Figure BDA0002882642780000124
Figure BDA0002882642780000125
the above formula R is defined as the reflection coefficient.
For TM waves, we can simplify to:
Figure BDA0002882642780000126
Figure BDA0002882642780000127
above the reflecting surface, there are:
Hy＝[H0exp(-ik0zz)+RH0exp(ik0zz)]exp(ikxx),z＞0
Figure BDA0002882642780000131
Figure BDA0002882642780000132
wherein R is the reflection coefficient.
Since any linearly polarized wave can be decomposed into the above two polarized waves, the reflection coefficient can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002882642780000133
wherein, PrAs reflected wave power, P0Is the incident wave power.
(4.3) first, a material with a known reflection coefficient is measured as a calibration, assuming that the reflection coefficient is R1. The reflected power is measured by experiments to be P1. Replacing the material to be measured, and measuring the reflected power P by experiment2。
(4.4) obtaining the reflection coefficient R of the material to be measured according to the experimental measurement parameters2Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002882642780000134
(5) the reflection coefficient measurement of different polarization modes is mainly realized by rotating a horn antenna on an antenna bracket. The measuring system can measure the receiving power under any linear polarization angle, and simultaneously, the polarization angle of the incident wave can also be changed.
(6) The measurement steps of the cloud transmission coefficient of the foil strip are as follows:
and (6.1) installing the antenna according to the step (2.4).
(6.2) given the definition of the transmission coefficient next, and continuing the derivation in step (4.2), one can obtain, for the TE wave, below the reflecting surface:
Ety＝TE0exp(-iktzz)exp(ikxx)
Figure BDA0002882642780000141
Figure BDA0002882642780000142
for TM waves there are:
Hty＝TH0exp(-iktzz)exp(ikxx)
Figure BDA0002882642780000143
Figure BDA0002882642780000144
also, since any linear polarized wave can be decomposed into the above two polarized waves, the transmission coefficient can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002882642780000145
wherein, PtIs the transmitted wave power.
(6.3) first, a material having a known transmittance is measured as a calibration body, assuming that the transmittance is T1. The transmission power is measured by experiments to be P1. Replacing the material to be measured, and measuring the transmission power P in the experiment2。
(6.4) obtaining the transmission coefficient T of the material to be measured according to the experimental measurement parameters2Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002882642780000146
(7) the steps for measuring the cloud attenuation coefficient of the foil strip are as follows:
(7.1) first define the attenuation coefficient. The following wave equations can be obtained from the maxwell system of equations:
Figure BDA0002882642780000147
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002882642780000148
defining beta as the phase coefficient and alpha as the attenuation coefficient. The transmitted wave can then be expressed as:
E(r)＝E0exp(-αr)exp(-iβ·r)；
suppose the transmitting antenna has a transmitting power of P0When no material is added, the power received by the receiving antenna is P1The power received after adding the material to be measured is P2. Without considering the phase, the attenuation coefficient can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002882642780000151
wherein d is the thickness of the measured material.
(7.2) after the antenna is installed according to the step (1.4), nothing needs to be placed on the material rack, and the receiving power P of the receiving antenna is measured and recorded1. The receiving power of the antenna is P obtained after the tested material is placed on the material frame2And the thickness d of the material is measured.
And (7.3) calculating the attenuation coefficient of the material according to the step (7.1) by using the data obtained by the last step of measurement.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention mainly aims to measure the reflection, transmission and attenuation coefficients of the foil strip cloud. During the experiment, firstly, a foil cloud model is manufactured, then experimental equipment is built, and the antenna is aligned. And then, measuring the cloud reflection, transmission and attenuation coefficients of the foil strips in sequence by using a method for comparing with a calibration body.
(1) Firstly, a foil strip test material is manufactured by the following method:
(1.1) firstly, a foam flat plate is manufactured, and a slender metal wire is cut out to be used as a foil strip. The insertion of wires into the foam slab allows the division of the grid on the foam, controlling the number of foil strips in each grid and thus the density of the cloud of foil strips.
And (1.2) manufacturing a plurality of pieces of the material to be tested according to the step (1.1), and splicing a plurality of foam flat plates together to form a thick foil cloud in the experiment. The manufactured foil strip cloud model is shown in fig. 5.
(2) The experimental equipment was then installed as follows:
(2.1) the overall view of the test frame is shown in FIG. 6, and the material to be tested is fixed on the material support.
And (2.2) when the cloud emission coefficient of the foil strips is measured, only one antenna support needs to be installed, and the other support is moved away, so that the influence on experimental measurement is avoided. Then, the transmitting and receiving antenna is arranged on the antenna bracket, so that the transmitting and receiving antenna is close to form a single-station measuring system.
And (2.3) the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna are separated by a wave-absorbing material, so that direct coupling is avoided.
And (2.4) when the transmission coefficient and the attenuation coefficient are measured, two antenna brackets are required to be installed. The two antenna supports are respectively arranged at two sides of the material rack to be measured.
(3) The procedure for attaching the laboratory instrument was as follows:
and (3.1) connecting the output port and the receiving port of the vector network analyzer with a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna respectively by using coaxial lines.
And (3.2) after the instrument is correctly connected, electrifying the whole system, and starting the test after preheating for five minutes.
(4) Then, the measurement of the reflection coefficient of the foil cloud is started, and the steps are as follows:
and (4.1) installing the antenna according to the steps (2.2) and (2.3).
(4.2) obtaining a calculation formula of the reflection coefficient of the material to be measured according to the definition of the reflection coefficient, wherein the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002882642780000161
(4.3) first, an iron plate was measured asAnd scaling, the reflection coefficient of which is 1. The reflected power is measured by experiments to be P1. Replacing the material to be measured, and measuring the reflected power P by experiment2. The experimental data obtained from the multiple measurements are as follows:
TABLE 1 reflection coefficient measurement experiment data table
Figure BDA0002882642780000162
(4.4) the cloud reflection coefficient of the foil strip is 0.52 by measuring for multiple times through the experiment and averaging.
(5) The reflection coefficient measurement of different polarization modes is mainly realized by rotating a horn antenna on an antenna bracket. The measuring system can measure the receiving power under any linear polarization angle, and simultaneously, the polarization angle of the incident wave can also be changed.
(6) The measurement steps of the cloud transmission coefficient of the foil strip are as follows:
and (6.1) installing the antenna according to the step (2.4).
(6.2) (6.2) the calculation formula is obtained according to the definition of the transmission coefficient as follows:
Figure BDA0002882642780000171
(6.3) first, a material whose transmittance is known is measured as a calibration body, and its transmittance is 0.35. The transmission power is measured by experiments to be P1Replacing the material to be measured, and measuring the transmission power P by experiment2. The experimental data obtained from the multiple measurements are as follows:
TABLE 2 transmission coefficient measurement experiment data table
Figure BDA0002882642780000172
And (6.4) obtaining the transmission coefficient of the material to be measured to be 0.38 through the experimental measurement parameters.
(7) The steps for measuring the cloud attenuation coefficient of the foil strip are as follows:
(7.1) obtaining a calculation formula according to the definition of the attenuation coefficient as follows:
Figure BDA0002882642780000173
(7.2) after the antenna is installed according to the step (1.4), nothing needs to be placed on the material rack, and the receiving power P of the receiving antenna is measured and recorded1. The receiving power of the antenna is P obtained after the tested material is placed on the material frame2And the thickness d of the material is measured. The experimental data obtained from the multiple measurements are as follows:
TABLE 3 attenuation coefficient measurement experiment data table
Figure BDA0002882642780000174
(7.3) calculating the attenuation coefficient of the material to be 58.77 according to the step (7.1) by using the data obtained by the previous step.
The technical effects of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to experiments.
In order to verify the reliability of the method of the invention, the reflection, transmission and attenuation coefficients of several materials were measured and compared with theoretical values. Comparison of experimental measurement data with theoretical values table 1 (experimental measurement frequency 10 GHz):
TABLE 1
Experimental Material Experimentally measured reflectance Theoretical coefficient of reflection Error of the measurement
Wood board 0.020 0.022 9.09％
Paper board 0.005 0.006 16.7％
Foam 0.00011 0.00013 15.3％
As can be seen from the above table, several common materials have reflectance measurement errors of no more than 20%. The method of the invention is proved to have certain accuracy and practical value.
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention can be realized by hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware. The hardware portion may be implemented using dedicated logic; the software portions may be stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or specially designed hardware. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the apparatus and methods described above may be implemented using computer executable instructions and/or embodied in processor control code, such code being provided on a carrier medium such as a disk, CD-or DVD-ROM, programmable memory such as read only memory (firmware), or a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier, for example. The apparatus and its modules of the present invention may be implemented by hardware circuits such as very large scale integrated circuits or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, or programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, etc., or by software executed by various types of processors, or by a combination of hardware circuits and software, e.g., firmware.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A method for measuring a cloud electromagnetic scattering coefficient of a foil strip is characterized by comprising the following steps:
constructing a deterministic foil strip cloud model by a method of inserting metal wires into the foam blocks;
calculating the reflection coefficient of the foil strip cloud to be measured by measuring a material with a known reflection coefficient as calibration data and using a comparison method;
calculating the transmission coefficient of the foil cloud to be measured by measuring a material with a known transmission coefficient as calibration data and using a comparison method;
calculating the attenuation coefficient of the foil strip cloud by comparing the received power before and after adding the material;
and measuring the cloud related parameters of the foil strips in different polarization modes by changing the polarization angle of the transmitting and receiving antenna.
2. The method for measuring the electromagnetic scattering coefficient of the foil cloud according to claim 1, wherein the method for measuring the electromagnetic scattering coefficient of the foil cloud specifically comprises:
firstly, manufacturing a foil strip cloud by a method of inserting a metal wire into a foam flat plate;
secondly, installing experimental equipment, including a receiving horn antenna, a transmitting horn antenna and the installation of the measured material, wherein the positions of the receiving and transmitting antennas are determined according to the measurement parameters;
thirdly, connecting experimental instruments, including a vector network analyzer and a receiving and transmitting antenna, and switching on a power supply to preheat for five minutes after the instruments are connected;
fourthly, mounting the transmitting-receiving antenna on the same antenna bracket in a close manner, measuring the reflection coefficient of the foil strip cloud, and horizontally rotating the test jig to change the incident angle;
fifthly, rotating the receiving and transmitting antenna to change the polarization receiving and transmitting angle and measuring the reflection coefficient under different polarization receiving and transmitting conditions;
sixthly, respectively installing the transmitting and receiving antenna on a left antenna support and a right antenna support, placing the tested material support between two testing frames, and measuring the cloud transmission coefficient of the foil strip;
and seventhly, after the foil cloud transmission coefficient measurement experiment is completed, keeping the position of the instrument unchanged, and measuring the foil cloud attenuation coefficient.
3. The method for measuring the cloud electromagnetic scattering coefficient of the foil strip as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method for manufacturing the foil strip test material is as follows:
(1) firstly, a foam flat plate is manufactured, and a slender metal wire is cut out to be used as a foil strip; inserting metal wires into a foam flat plate, dividing grids on the foam, and controlling the number of foil strips in each grid;
(2) manufacturing a plurality of materials to be detected according to the step (1), and splicing a plurality of foam flat plates together to form a thicker foil strip cloud;
the installation of the experimental equipment comprises the following steps:
(1) fixing the material to be detected on the material bracket;
(2) when the cloud emission coefficient of the foil strips is measured, one antenna bracket is installed, the other bracket is moved away, the influence on experimental measurement is avoided, and the transmitting and receiving antenna is installed on the antenna bracket and is close to each other to form a single-station measuring system;
(3) the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna are separated by a wave-absorbing material;
(4) when the transmission coefficient and the attenuation coefficient are measured, two antenna brackets are installed and are respectively arranged on two sides of the measured material rack;
the connection of the laboratory instrument comprises the following steps:
(1) the output port and the receiving port of the vector network analyzer are respectively connected with a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna by coaxial lines;
(2) after the instrument is correctly connected, electrifying the whole system, preheating for five minutes, and then starting the test;
the measurement of the reflection coefficient of the cloud of foil strips comprises the following steps:
(1) installing an antenna;
(2) first the definition of the reflection coefficient is determined, with an entrance face of xoz, then
Figure FDA0002882642770000021
Obtaining the following according to Maxwell equation in free space:
Figure FDA0002882642770000022
Figure FDA0002882642770000031
the above equation is divided into two cases of TE wave and TM wave, and for TE wave, the simplification is:
Figure FDA0002882642770000032
Figure FDA0002882642770000033
above the reflecting surface, there are:
Ey＝[E0exp(-ik0zz)+RE0exp(ik0zz)]exp(ikxx)
Figure FDA0002882642770000034
Figure FDA0002882642770000035
defining the above formula R as the reflection coefficient;
for TM waves, the simplification is:
Figure FDA0002882642770000036
Figure FDA0002882642770000037
above the reflecting surface, there are:
Hy＝[H0exp(-ik0zz)+RH0exp(ik0zz)]exp(ikxx),z＞0
Figure FDA0002882642770000041
Figure FDA0002882642770000042
wherein R is the reflection coefficient;
the reflection coefficient is expressed as:
Figure FDA0002882642770000043
wherein, PrAs reflected wave power, P0Is the incident wave power;
(3) first, a material with a known reflection coefficient is measured as a calibration, assuming that the reflection coefficient is R1The reflected power is measured by experiment to be P1Changing to the material to be measured, and performing experimental measurementIts reflected power is P2；
(4) Obtaining the reflection coefficient R of the material to be measured through experimental measurement parameters2Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002882642770000044
(5) the reflection coefficient measurement of different polarization modes is mainly realized by rotating a horn antenna on an antenna bracket.
4. The method for measuring the electromagnetic scattering coefficient of the foil cloud according to claim 2, wherein the step of measuring the transmission coefficient of the foil cloud is as follows:
(1) installing an antenna;
(2) given the definition of the transmission coefficient, we get below the reflecting surface, for the TE wave:
Ety＝TE0exp(-iktzz)exp(ikxx)
Figure FDA0002882642770000045
Figure FDA0002882642770000046
for TM waves there are:
Hty＝TH0exp(-iktzz)exp(ikxx)
Figure FDA0002882642770000051
Figure FDA0002882642770000052
also, since any of the linearly polarized waves is decomposed into the above two polarized waves, the transmission coefficient is expressed as:
Figure FDA0002882642770000053
wherein, PtIn order to transmit the wave power,
(3) firstly, a material with a known transmission coefficient is measured as a calibration body, wherein the transmission coefficient is T1The transmission power is measured by experiment to be P1Replacing the material to be measured, and measuring the transmission power P by experiment2；
(4) The transmission coefficient T of the material to be measured is obtained through the experimental measurement parameters2Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002882642770000054
5. the method for measuring the electromagnetic scattering coefficient of the foil cloud according to claim 2, wherein the step of measuring the attenuation coefficient of the foil cloud is as follows:
(1) firstly, defining an attenuation coefficient, and obtaining a wave equation according to a Maxwell equation system as follows:
Figure FDA0002882642770000055
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002882642770000056
defining β as a phase coefficient, α as an attenuation coefficient, and the transmitted wave as:
E(r)＝E0exp(-αr)exp(-iβ·r)；
transmitting antenna with transmitting power of P0When no material is added, the power received by the receiving antenna is P1The power received after adding the material to be measured is P2Attenuation system without taking phase into accountThe numbers are expressed as:
Figure FDA0002882642770000057
wherein d is the thickness of the material to be measured;
(2) measuring and recording the received power P of the receiving antenna according to the condition that nothing is needed to be placed on the material rack after the antenna is installed1The receiving power of the antenna is P obtained after the material to be measured is placed on the material frame2And measuring the thickness d of the material;
(3) and calculating the attenuation coefficient of the material by using the data obtained by the last step of measurement.
6. A foil cloud electromagnetic scattering coefficient measurement system for implementing the foil cloud electromagnetic scattering coefficient measurement method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the foil cloud electromagnetic scattering coefficient measurement system comprises:
the foil strip cloud model building module is used for building a deterministic foil strip cloud model by a method of inserting metal wires into the foam blocks;
the reflection coefficient calculation module is used for calculating the reflection coefficient of the foil cloud to be measured by measuring a material with a known reflection coefficient as calibration data and using a comparison method;
the transmission coefficient calculation module is used for calculating the transmission coefficient of the foil cloud to be measured by measuring a material with a known transmission coefficient as calibration data and using a comparison method;
the attenuation coefficient calculation module is used for calculating the attenuation coefficient of the foil strip cloud by comparing the received power before and after adding the material;
and the foil cloud related parameter measuring module is used for measuring foil cloud related parameters in different polarization modes by changing the polarization angle of the transmitting and receiving antenna.
7. A method for measuring the reflection, transmission and attenuation coefficients of a foil strip cloud cluster is characterized in that the method for measuring the reflection, transmission and attenuation coefficients of the foil strip cloud cluster uses the method for measuring the electromagnetic wave coefficients of the foil strip according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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