CN112816294A - Slope simulation test device and test method - Google Patents
Slope simulation test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112816294A CN112816294A CN202110230340.3A CN202110230340A CN112816294A CN 112816294 A CN112816294 A CN 112816294A CN 202110230340 A CN202110230340 A CN 202110230340A CN 112816294 A CN112816294 A CN 112816294A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/14—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by dead weight, e.g. pendulum; generated by springs tension
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
- G01N2203/0033—Weight
Abstract
The invention relates to a slope simulation test device and a test method, wherein the slope simulation test device comprises a slope simulation test box and a lever beam loading system, wherein the slope simulation test box comprises a box body, a slope cover plate, arc-shaped guide frames and a positioning mechanism, the box body is used for filling a test soil layer, the top of the box body is open, the slope cover plate is arranged in the box body, the arc-shaped guide frames are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the slope cover plate, and the positioning mechanism is used for positioning and fixing the slope cover plate on the arc-shaped guide frames. The slope simulation test device can set the slope inclination angle according to the requirement, the slope model does not need to move after being manufactured, the influence on the structure and the internal stress of the slope model is avoided, the slope simulation test can be directly carried out on the device after natural consolidation settlement, the lever loading system can reduce the using amount of loading weights, and the loading mechanism enables the loading rod to horizontally move, so that the use flexibility is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of buildings, in particular to a slope simulation test device and a slope simulation test method.
Background
The side slope is widely distributed in natural environment and various projects as a common landform unit, can deform to a certain extent under the influence of factors such as nature, human beings and the like, and can also have disasters such as landslide, collapse, debris flow and the like in serious cases, thereby causing great threat to life and property of people and project safety. Therefore, the method is particularly important for the management and the protection of the side slope disasters. At present, anchor rods, soil nails, anti-slide piles and other measures are mostly adopted for treating side slope disasters, the prevention measures have different characteristics, and specific prevention measures need to be implemented according to the actual conditions of the side slopes. The test method for researching slope reinforcement stability at the present stage comprises an outdoor field test and an indoor model test. The test object of the outdoor field test is often the actual side slope, the large scale leads to the material consumption that the test needs to increase by a wide margin, and the expense is great and waste time and energy is difficult to accomplish. The indoor model test object is a side slope model which is a model which is established by scholars on the basis of a large amount of field test experiences and existing theories and can accurately reflect the real condition of the side slope, so that the use amount of test materials can be greatly reduced, and the test is conveniently completed by manually controlling test factors. Indoor model testing is receiving increasing attention from many students because of its many advantages. However, in the lower indoor model test, the model is often placed under a press machine for loading and extrusion after being built, the angle of the slope model is troublesome to set, the angle of slope deformation is not easy to measure in the test, and the position of loading and extrusion is single. There is a lack of a testing device which integrates model construction and testing and is flexible in use.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a slope simulation test device and a test method.
The utility model provides a side slope analogue test device, includes side slope analogue test case and lever beam loading system, side slope analogue test case is open box including the top that is used for filling the experimental soil layer, locate the side slope apron in the box, locate the arc leading truck of side slope apron front and back both sides and be used for with the side slope apron is in fixed positioning mechanism fixes a position on the arc leading truck, both ends just contact with the preceding posterior lateral plate inner wall of box around the side slope apron, the bottom of side slope apron rotates the right side of connection in the bottom half through first pivot, every the arc leading truck comprises two arcs, has the arc to lead to the seam between two arcs, the radius of arc to lead to the seam place circle is the distance that the arc leads to seam to first pivot axis, lever beam loading system is including the fulcrum stand that sets firmly in box left side top, the lever beam who locates the stand top through the rotation of second pivot, Locate the loading mechanism at lever roof beam middle part and locate the application of force mechanism of lever roof beam right-hand member, loading mechanism including locate the track that the direction extends about the edge at lever roof beam middle part, with track complex third pivot and with third pivot normal running fit's loading rod, fixed knot constructs fixed loading hammer is passed through to the bottom of loading rod, application of force mechanism includes rotates the tray of connecting at the pull rod of lever roof beam right-hand member and locating the pull rod lower extreme through the fourth pivot.
Preferably, the positioning mechanism comprises a threaded hole formed in the side face of the slope cover plate and a bolt penetrating through the arc-shaped through seam and spirally arranged in the threaded hole, and the tail end of the bolt is in abutting and pressing fixed fit with the arc-shaped plate.
Preferably, the positioning mechanism comprises a bolt which is fixedly arranged on the side surface of the slope cover plate and penetrates through the arc-shaped through seam, and a nut which is spirally arranged on the bolt, wherein the nut is positioned on the outer side of the arc-shaped plate and is fixedly matched with the arc-shaped plate in a jacking manner.
Preferably, the fixed knot of fixed knot structure including locate the first solid fixed ring of loading arm bottom both sides and locate the loading hammer upper surface and be located the solid fixed ring of second of loading arm both sides, the first solid fixed ring and the solid fixed ring of second of homonymy all connect through steel strand wires.
Preferably, the device comprises a guide mechanism, the guide mechanism comprises a sleeve transversely and fixedly arranged on the right side of the fulcrum upright column, an inserted rod which is inserted into the sleeve in a sliding mode and provided with displacement scales, and a guide sleeve which is fixedly connected with the inserted rod and provided with a vertical guide hole, and the loading rod is inserted into the guide hole in a sliding mode.
Preferably, the right side of the top of the box body is detachably fixed with a support upright post for supporting the lever beam.
Preferably, the box front side board comprises a cross-shaped support frame on the front side and an observation board made of a transparent plate fixed on the cross-shaped support frame, and the rear side board of the box body is composed of a plurality of layers of baffle plates fixed on a box body frame in a detachable mode from bottom to top.
Preferably, the arc plate is provided with a scale for the inclination angle of the slope cover plate.
Preferably, the left side of the front end of the side slope cover plate is provided with a sealing plate for shielding the arc-shaped through seam.
The testing method using the slope simulation testing device comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, rotating a side slope cover plate according to the tested side slope angle requirement, and positioning and fixing the side slope cover plate through a positioning mechanism on an arc-shaped guide frame;
2) filling soil in the box body layer by layer, tamping and leveling each layer of soil sample by using a tool, setting different slope prevention measures such as an anchor rod, a soil nail or an anti-slide pile in the slope according to the test requirement when the filled soil reaches a certain height, then continuously filling the soil, and standing the test soil sample for 7-10 days after the final height of the filled soil required by the test is finished so that the filled soil is naturally solidified and settled;
3) placing a loading plate according to test requirements, placing a pressure sensor on the loading plate, horizontally adjusting the position of a loading rod 24 of a loading mechanism, releasing the fixation of a side slope cover plate through a positioning mechanism, then rotating the side slope cover plate rightwards to separate from a side slope, putting down a lever beam by a crane to enable the central position of a loading hammer to be in contact with the pressure sensor on the loading plate, finally placing loading weights in a tray to realize step-by-step loading and recording test data until the test side slope slides and stops testing.
The slope simulation test device can set the slope inclination angle according to the requirement, the slope model does not need to move after being manufactured, the influence on the structure and the internal stress of the slope model is avoided, the slope simulation test can be directly carried out on the device after natural consolidation settlement, the lever loading system can reduce the using amount of loading weights, and the loading mechanism enables the loading rod to horizontally move, so that the use flexibility is increased.
Furthermore, the positioning mechanism is simple in structure, and positioning and fixing can be completed only by screwing the bolt to compress the arc-shaped plate.
Furthermore, the fixed structure can fix the loading hammer at the bottom of the loading rod, and the steel strand has certain elasticity, so that the inclination of the loading hammer is controlled by adjusting the lengths of the steel strands on two sides, the requirement of more loading angles is met, and the loading hammer is more flexible.
Furthermore, the loading rod can transfer force downwards in a vertical direction by the aid of the guide mechanism, interference factors are reduced, meanwhile, the insertion rod with displacement scales can visually display the transverse displacement of the loading rod, and the loading rod can be conveniently moved according to requirements.
Furthermore, the right side of the top of the box body is detachably fixed with the supporting upright post used for supporting the lever beam, and before vertical loading, the lever beam can be supported, so that the influence on filling and other works is avoided.
Furthermore, the observation board that the curb plate was made including the cross support frame of front side and the transparent sheet material of fixing on the cross support frame before the box can conveniently observe fill out soil process and loading process, and the posterior lateral plate of box comprises from bottom to top can dismantle the multilayer baffle of fixing on the box frame, can set up the quantity that can dismantle the baffle as required, uses in a flexible way, makes things convenient for artifical fill out simultaneously.
Furthermore, the arc plate is provided with the scale of the inclination angle of the side slope cover plate, so that the side slope cover plate can be conveniently arranged according to the test requirements.
Furthermore, the left side of the front end of the side slope cover plate is provided with a sealing plate used for shielding the arc-shaped through seam, the sealing plate can shield the arc-shaped through seam on the right side of the side slope cover plate, and soil filling is prevented from being extruded from the through seam.
By using the testing method of the slope simulation testing device, the slope simulation test can be well carried out.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a slope simulation test device according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rear side plate of a box body of the slope simulation test box.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
A slope simulation test device is shown in figure 1-2, and comprises a slope simulation test box and a lever beam loading system, wherein the slope simulation test box comprises a box body 1 for filling a test soil layer 17, the top of the box body is open, a slope cover plate 13 arranged in the box body, arc guide frames 15 arranged on the front side and the rear side of the slope cover plate, and a positioning mechanism for positioning and fixing the slope cover plate on the arc guide frames, the front end and the rear end of the slope cover plate are just contacted with the inner walls of the front side plate and the rear side plate of the box body, the bottom end of the slope cover plate is connected to the right side of the bottom of the box body through a first rotating shaft 3 in a pitching rotating manner, each arc guide frame is composed of two arc plates, an arc through seam 23 is arranged between the two arc plates, the radius of a circle where the arc through seam is located is the distance from the arc through seam to the axis of the first rotating shaft, in the embodiment, the tail end of the bolt is fixedly matched with the arc-shaped plate in a jacking mode, and the arc-shaped plate is provided with a scale (not shown) for the inclination angle of the side slope cover plate, so that the side slope cover plate can be conveniently arranged according to the test requirements. The left side of the front end of the slope apron all is equipped with the shrouding (not shown in the figure) that is used for sheltering from the arc and leads to the seam, and the shrouding can lead to the seam with the arc on slope apron right side and shelter from, prevents to fill out soil and extrudes from leading to the seam. The box front side board includes the cross support frame 27 of front side and fixes the observation board 28 that transparent plate material on the cross support frame made, and the observation board totally four in this embodiment is made by transparent toughened glass, and the posterior lateral plate 22 of box comprises from bottom to top can dismantle the multilayer baffle 22 of fixing on the box frame, and is concrete, and the baffle passes through the bolt fastening on the box frame. In this embodiment, the arc-shaped guide frame 15 is located at the upper right portion of the cross-shaped support frame.
The lever beam loading system comprises a fulcrum upright post 2 fixedly arranged at the top of the left side of the box body, a lever beam 4 rotatably arranged at the top of the fulcrum upright post through a second rotating shaft 3, a loading mechanism arranged in the middle of the lever beam and a force application mechanism arranged at the right end of the lever beam, wherein the loading mechanism comprises a track arranged in the middle of the lever beam and extending along the left-right direction, a third rotating shaft 5 matched with the track and a loading rod 24 in rotating fit with the third rotating shaft, the rail means a long hole 25 opened at a position near the left of the lever beam and extending in the left-right direction, the third rotating shaft 5 is rolled in the long hole, in other embodiments, the slot hole may further include a guide groove along the left-right direction, and the middle portion of the third rotating shaft is provided with an annular guide plate matched with the guide groove, so as to be more stable and avoid yawing, or the guide groove is provided with a slider, and the third rotating shaft is fixedly or rotatably disposed on the slider. The bottom of loading rod is through fixed knot construct fixed loading hammer 11, and fixed knot constructs including the first solid fixed ring 10 of locating loading rod bottom both sides and locate the solid fixed ring 26 of loading hammer upper surface and the second that is located the loading rod both sides, and the first solid fixed ring and the solid fixed ring of second of homonymy all connect through steel strand wires 9. The force application mechanism comprises a pull rod 21 which is rotatably connected to the right end of the lever beam through a fourth rotating shaft 3 and a tray 16 which is connected to the lower end of the pull rod through a plurality of steel strands 9'. The right side at box top can be dismantled fixed support post 12 that is used for supporting the lever roof beam, and the support post bottom sets firmly the mounting panel, sets firmly the mounting panel at the box top through bolt and nut 19, before vertical loading, can support the lever roof beam, avoids causing the influence to work such as filling out.
In order to enable the loading rod to transfer force downwards in a vertical direction and reduce interference factors, a guide mechanism is arranged, the guide mechanism comprises a sleeve 6 transversely and fixedly arranged on the right side of the fulcrum upright column, an inserted rod 29 inserted into the sleeve in a sliding mode and provided with displacement scales and a guide sleeve 8 fixedly connected with the inserted rod and provided with a vertical guide hole, specifically, a fixing plate is welded to the end portion of the inserted rod, the guide sleeve is provided with a mounting plane, the fixing plate and the mounting plane of the guide sleeve are fixed through a bolt 7', and the loading rod 24 is inserted into the guide hole in a sliding mode.
In other embodiments, different from the above embodiments, the positioning mechanism includes a bolt that is fixedly disposed on the side surface of the slope cover plate and passes through the arc-shaped through seam, and a nut that is screwed on the bolt, and the nut is located on the outer side of the arc-shaped plate and is pressed against and fixedly matched with the arc-shaped plate. Meanwhile, the inserted rod with displacement scales can visually display the transverse displacement of the loading rod, and the loading rod can be conveniently moved according to requirements.
Example 2
The testing method using the slope simulation testing device comprises the following steps as shown in figures 1-2:
1) firstly, rotating a side slope cover plate 13 according to the tested side slope angle requirement, and positioning and fixing the side slope cover plate through a positioning mechanism on an arc-shaped guide frame;
2) filling soil in the box body layer by layer, tamping and leveling each layer of soil sample by using a tool, setting different slope prevention measures such as an anchor rod, a soil nail or an anti-slide pile in the slope according to the test requirement when the filled soil reaches a certain height, then continuously filling the soil, and standing the test soil sample for 7-10 days after the final height of the filled soil required by the test is finished so that the filled soil is naturally solidified and settled;
3) placing a loading plate 18 according to test requirements, placing a pressure sensor 20 on the loading plate, horizontally adjusting the position of a loading rod of a loading mechanism, releasing the fixation of a side slope cover plate through a positioning mechanism, then rotating the side slope cover plate rightwards to separate from a side slope, putting down a lever beam by a crane to enable the central position of a loading hammer to be in contact with the pressure sensor on the loading plate, finally placing loading weights in a tray to realize step-by-step loading and recording test data until the test side slope slides and stops testing.
It should be noted that, in step 2, the detachable baffle plate with the height corresponding to the filled soil is fixed on the rear side of the box body, in step 3, when the supporting upright post 12 is arranged in the slope simulation test device, in use, the lever beam is slightly lifted, the supporting upright post is removed, then the lever beam is put down, and after the loading hammer is in contact with the pressure sensor, the loading weight begins to be placed in the tray to realize step-by-step loading.
By using the testing method of the slope simulation testing device, the slope simulation test can be well carried out.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive of the technical solutions of the present invention, and any equivalent substitutions and modifications or partial substitutions made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The side slope simulation test device is characterized by comprising a side slope simulation test box and a lever beam loading system, wherein the side slope simulation test box comprises a box body, a side slope cover plate, arc guide frames and a positioning mechanism, the box body is used for filling test soil layers, the top of the box body is open, the side slope cover plate is arranged in the box body, the arc guide frames are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the side slope cover plate, the positioning mechanism is used for positioning and fixing the side slope cover plate on the arc guide frames, the front end and the rear end of the side slope cover plate are just in contact with the inner walls of front and rear side plates of the box body, the bottom end of the side slope cover plate is rotatably connected to the right side of the bottom of the box body through a first rotating shaft, each arc guide frame is composed of two arc-shaped plates, an arc-shaped through seam is arranged between the two arc-shaped plates, rotate the lever roof beam of locating fulcrum stand top, locate the loading mechanism at lever roof beam middle part and locate the forcing mechanism of lever roof beam right-hand member through the second pivot, loading mechanism including locate the track that extends along left right direction at lever roof beam middle part, with track complex third pivot and with third pivot normal running fit's loading rod, fixed knot constructs fixed loading hammer is passed through to the bottom of loading rod, forcing mechanism includes rotates the tray of connecting at the pull rod of lever roof beam right-hand member and locating the pull rod lower extreme through the fourth pivot.
2. The slope simulation test device according to claim 1, wherein the fixing structure comprises first fixing rings arranged on two sides of the bottom of the loading rod and second fixing rings arranged on the upper surface of the loading hammer and located on two sides of the loading rod, and the first fixing rings and the second fixing rings on the same side are connected through steel strands.
3. The slope simulation test device according to claim 2, wherein the positioning mechanism comprises a threaded hole formed in the side face of the slope cover plate and a bolt penetrating through the arc-shaped through seam and screwed in the threaded hole, and the tail end of the bolt is in abutting and fixed fit with the arc-shaped plate.
4. The slope simulation test device according to claim 2, wherein the positioning mechanism comprises a bolt fixedly arranged on the side surface of the slope cover plate and penetrating through the arc-shaped through seam, and a nut screwed on the bolt, and the nut is positioned on the outer side of the arc-shaped plate and is in abutting, pressing and fixed fit with the arc-shaped plate.
5. The slope simulation test device according to claim 1, comprising a guide mechanism, wherein the guide mechanism comprises a sleeve transversely fixed on the right side of the fulcrum upright column, an inserted rod slidably inserted in the sleeve and provided with displacement scales, and a guide sleeve fixedly connected with the inserted rod and provided with a vertical guide hole, and the loading rod is slidably inserted in the guide hole.
6. The slope simulation test device according to claim 1, wherein a support column for supporting the lever beam is detachably fixed to the right side of the top of the box body.
7. The slope simulation test device according to claim 1, wherein the front side plate of the box body comprises a cross-shaped support frame on the front side and an observation plate made of transparent plates fixed on the cross-shaped support frame, and the rear side plate of the box body is composed of a plurality of layers of baffles detachably fixed on a frame of the box body from bottom to top.
8. A slope simulation test device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the arc plate is provided with a scale for the slope angle of the slope cover plate.
9. The slope simulation test device according to claim 8, wherein sealing plates for shielding the arc-shaped through seams are arranged on the left sides of the front ends of the slope cover plates.
10. A testing method using the slope simulation testing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the steps of:
1) firstly, rotating a side slope cover plate according to the tested side slope angle requirement, and positioning and fixing the side slope cover plate through a positioning mechanism on an arc-shaped guide frame;
2) filling soil in the box body layer by layer, tamping and leveling each layer of soil sample by using a tool, setting different slope prevention measures such as an anchor rod, a soil nail or an anti-slide pile in the slope according to the test requirement when the filled soil reaches a certain height, then continuously filling the soil, and standing the test soil sample for 7-10 days after the final height of the filled soil required by the test is finished so that the filled soil is naturally solidified and settled;
3) placing a loading plate according to test requirements, placing a pressure sensor on the loading plate, horizontally adjusting the position of a loading rod of a loading mechanism, releasing the fixation of a side slope cover plate through a positioning mechanism, then rotating the side slope cover plate rightwards to separate from a side slope, putting down a lever beam by a crane to enable the central position of a loading hammer to be in contact with the pressure sensor on the loading plate, finally placing loading weights in a tray to realize step-by-step loading and recording test data until the test side slope slides, and stopping the test.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110230340.3A CN112816294A (en) | 2021-03-02 | 2021-03-02 | Slope simulation test device and test method |
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| CN202110230340.3A CN112816294A (en) | 2021-03-02 | 2021-03-02 | Slope simulation test device and test method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114541496A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-05-27 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Anti-pulling loading model test box |
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