CN112815838B - Method for measuring chamfer size of inner ring and outer ring of bearing by image measuring instrument - Google Patents
Method for measuring chamfer size of inner ring and outer ring of bearing by image measuring instrument Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/002—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of bearing measurement, in particular to a method for measuring the chamfer size of an inner ring and an outer ring of a bearing by an image measuring instrument, which solves the technical problems of complex operation, lower inspection efficiency and poorer accuracy of qualified inspection of the chamfer of the inner ring and the outer ring of the existing bearing; the image measuring instrument has higher measuring precision, and greatly reduces the measuring system error brought by the measuring tool during measurement; the detection speed of the image measuring instrument for detecting the chamfer size of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing is greatly improved, so that the traditional contrast measurement method can be replaced, the qualitative measurement is changed into the quantitative measurement, and the qualitative improvement on the chamfer size measurement of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of bearing measurement, in particular to a method for measuring the chamfer size of an inner ring and an outer ring of a bearing by an image measuring instrument.
Background
The radial chamfer and the axial chamfer size of the outer ring outer diameter and the inner ring bore diameter of the rolling bearing are strictly regulated according to the national standard GB/T274-2000, and users can also put forward strict requirements according to the use condition. In the production inspection of the rolling bearing, the axial and radial chamfer sizes of the inner and outer bearing rings of the bearing are generally measured by visual observation, vernier calipers or coordinate microscopes, which is tedious and has low accuracy and efficiency, and therefore, the existing detection mode and tool for the inner and outer bearing rings of the bearing need to be improved.
1. The measurement principle and the instrument are as follows:
the special vernier caliper for the size of the bearing chamfer consists of a main ruler and a vernier attached to the main ruler and capable of sliding, wherein a measuring claw of the main ruler is trapezoidal with a sharp point, and the measuring claw of the main ruler is lower than that of the vernier. The unit of the main scale is cm, the minimum division value u is 0.1cm, and the vernier scale comprises the following components: a.10 divisions: 0.1/10cm =0.01cm, b.20 divisions: 0.1/20cm =0.005cm, c.50 divisions: 0.1/50cm =0.002cm, the digital vernier caliper can directly read the value, and the unit is divided into inches and millimeters. The coordinate microscope consists of an ocular lens, an objective lens, a scale, a measuring bracket and a focusing knob, the magnification is 25 times, and the minimum division value is 0.05mm.
2. The batch measurement method of the chamfer size comprises the following steps:
the axial chamfer dimension and the radial chamfer dimension of the inner and outer rings of the bearing are inspected at the present stage, visual comparison measurement is mainly adopted for qualification judgment, a maximum chamfer product and a minimum chamfer product are firstly found out from the same batch of products, true dimension measurement is carried out on the maximum chamfer product and the minimum chamfer product, the true dimension measurement is generally carried out by using a coordinate microscope and a special vernier caliper for chamfer, after the maximum chamfer dimension and the minimum chamfer dimension are measured, whether the products meet the dimension requirements is judged according to the processing technology, when the maximum chamfer dimension and the minimum chamfer dimension are judged to be qualified, the products are used as comparison sample pieces for visual detection of the batch, and 100% visual chamfer dimension qualification ratio comparison measurement is carried out on other products.
3. The measuring method of the special vernier caliper for chamfering comprises the following steps:
before the special vernier caliper for the size of the bearing chamfer is measured, the measuring claw is closed, and whether the zero scale mark of the vernier and the main ruler body is aligned or not is checked. If the zero scale line of the vernier is not aligned, the zero error is recorded, the zero scale line of the vernier is called as the positive zero error at the right side of the zero scale line of the ruler body, and the zero error is called as the negative zero error at the left side of the zero scale line of the ruler body. When measuring, the right hand holds the ruler body, the left hand holds a product to be measured, the vernier caliper measuring claw is close to the end face of the product, the thumb moves the vernier, and when a sharp point on the main ruler measuring claw falls on the edge of the chamfer, the reading can be carried out. When the aperture of the ferrule is small, when the axial size (chamfer depth) of a chamfer in the ferrule is measured, the measuring claw cannot penetrate into the inner hole of the ferrule, the depth of the ferrule is measured by using a caliper, the tail part of the main ruler is close to the end surface of the ferrule, the thumb moves the vernier, and when the vernier depth gauge falls on the chamfer edge, the reading can be carried out.
4. Coordinate microscope measurement method:
when the chamfer size of the ferrule is small, and the vernier caliper cannot ensure the accuracy of the measured value, the chamfer size is measured by using a coordinate microscope. During measurement, the coordinate microscope is stably placed on the end face of the bearing ring, the focusing knob is adjusted, the measured chamfer of the bearing is clearly displayed in the ocular, and then the scale in the ocular is used for reading measurement.
5. The method has the following defects:
(1) The measurement efficiency is low, the requirement on measurement skills is high, the skilled worker is slow to cultivate, and the method is not suitable for engineering application.
(2) The measuring tool is not high in precision, and certain errors exist in the detection result.
(3) The comparison measurement method can only judge the product qualification, cannot obtain the product measurement data, and cannot realize the trend that qualitative measurement in the industry is gradually converted into quantitative measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and solve the technical problems of complex operation, lower inspection efficiency and poorer accuracy of qualified inspection of the inner ring chamfer and the outer ring chamfer of the existing bearing.
In order to achieve the purpose, the method for measuring the chamfer size of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing by using the image measuring instrument comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting and starting an image measuring instrument;
step two: fixing the workpiece to be measured on a workbench of an image measuring instrument;
step three: aligning an image camera of the image measuring instrument to the workpiece to be measured;
step four: adjusting the image measuring instrument to enable the measured workpiece in the video control view field to be displayed clearly;
step five: a mechanical coordinate system is established, and a mechanical coordinate system is established,
drawing a coordinate system by using the function keys in the tool box area, firstly establishing a mechanical coordinate system,
step six: respectively drawing the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the ferrule, and finding out a circle center O;
respectively drawing the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the ferrule by using a continuous circle drawing function, presenting the outer diameter and the inner diameter in a workpiece drawing bar to form two concentric circles, and then finding out a circle center O by using any circle;
step seven: drawing an arc line at the edge of the internal chamfer of the workpiece to be measured and the horizontal plane of the workpiece to be measured;
finding a pole A on the drawn inner diameter, establishing a measuring coordinate system by using a central point O and an outer diameter circle, adjusting a light source mode, adjusting a Z-axis key until edge lines of the inner chamfer and the plane are clearly visible, and drawing an arc line at the edge of the inner chamfer and the plane by using a continuous arc drawing function;
step eight: measuring the radial dimension of an inner chamfer of a measured workpiece;
drawing a straight line passing through a central point O, a pole A and an arc line by using a straight line drawing option, finding a focus B of the straight line and the arc line by using an 'intersection' function key, and calculating the X-axis coordinate distance between the pole A and the focus B by using a 'distance' function, wherein the distance is the radial size of the inner chamfer;
step nine: measuring the axial size of an inner chamfer of a measured workpiece;
using a 'focusing point' function key to find a focusing point C on the edge line of the inner diameter and the chamfer, then also finding a focusing point D on the plane of the ferrule, and then using a 'distance' function to calculate the Z-axis coordinate distance between the focusing point C and the focusing point D, wherein the distance is the axial size of the inner chamfer;
step ten: drawing an arc line at the edge of the outer chamfer of the workpiece to be measured and the horizontal plane of the workpiece to be measured;
finding a pole A' on the drawn outer diameter, establishing a measuring coordinate system by using the central point O and the outer diameter circle, adjusting a light source mode, adjusting a Z-axis key until the edge lines of the outer chamfer and the plane are clear, and drawing an arc line at the edge of the outer chamfer and the plane by using a continuous arc drawing function;
step eleven: measuring the radial dimension of an outer chamfer of a measured workpiece;
drawing a straight line passing through a central point O, a pole A 'and an arc line by using a straight line drawing option, finding a focus B' of the straight line and the arc line by using an 'intersection' function key, and calculating the X-axis coordinate distance of the pole A 'to the focus B' by using a 'distance' function, wherein the distance is the radial size of an outer chamfer;
step twelve: measuring the axial size of an outer chamfer of a measured workpiece;
using a 'focus point' function key to find a focus point C 'on the edge line of the inner diameter and the chamfer, then also finding a focus point D' on the plane of the ferrule, and then using a 'distance' function to calculate the Z-axis coordinate distance between the focus point C 'and the focus point D', wherein the distance is the axial size of the outer chamfer;
step thirteen: and through the constructed calculation method, other products to be measured are placed on the workbench to be measured in sequence, and the batch measurement task is completed.
Further, the influence on the measurement accuracy of the measuring instrument in the first step is as follows: the measurement precision of XY axis (2.6 + L/200) μm and the measurement precision of Z axis (5.0 + L/200) μm, L represents the measurement length in millimeters.
Furthermore, the specific process of aligning the image camera of the image measuring instrument to the measured workpiece in the third step is as follows:
step three, firstly: adjusting the machine to move by using a control button of the machine until the image camera finds the workpiece to be detected in the video control view field;
step two: and finely adjusting the machine to the required position by using a mouse.
Further, the image measuring instrument is adjusted in the fourth step, so that the specific process that the display of the measured workpiece in the video control visual field is clear is as follows:
step four, firstly: adjusting the focal length of the image camera; until the detected workpiece is clear in the video control visual field;
step four: in the console control operation area, X, Y and Z axis keys are controlled by using a left mouse key, so that the measured workpiece is more clearly presented in a video control view field;
step four and step three: and adjusting the light source mode and the light source brightness to ensure that the measured workpiece is clearly visible in the video control visual field.
Still further, the light source mode in step four and step three is a contour light.
Further, the light source patterns in the seventh step and the tenth step are both surface light.
Still further, the use of the "focus point" function key in the ninth step is premised on that the light source mode is surface light;
further, the use of the "focus point" function key in the twelfth step is assumed to be in the light source mode of surface light.
Has the advantages that: the method for measuring the chamfer size of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing by the image measuring instrument can accurately and efficiently measure the chamfer size of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing, is quick and convenient to operate, has low requirement on the skill level of a skilled worker, can be quickly learned, and can be competent for detection tasks; the image measuring instrument has higher measuring precision, and greatly reduces the measuring system error brought by the measuring tool during measurement; the detection speed of the image measuring instrument for detecting the chamfer size of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing is greatly improved, so that the traditional contrast measurement method can be replaced, the qualitative measurement is changed into the quantitative measurement, and the qualitative improvement on the chamfer size measurement of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the ferrule inside chamfer measurement of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the ferrule outer chamfer measurement of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The first specific implementation way is as follows: the method for measuring the chamfer size of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing by an image measuring instrument comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting and starting an image measuring instrument;
step two: fixing the workpiece to be measured on a workbench of an image measuring instrument;
step three: aligning an image camera of the image measuring instrument to the workpiece to be measured;
step four: adjusting the image measuring instrument to enable the measured workpiece in the video control view field to be displayed clearly;
step five: a mechanical coordinate system is established, and a mechanical coordinate system is established,
using the tool box area function keys to draw a coordinate system, firstly establishing a mechanical coordinate system,
step six: respectively drawing the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the ferrule, and finding out a circle center O;
respectively drawing the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the ferrule by using a continuous circle drawing function, presenting the outer diameter and the inner diameter in a workpiece drawing bar to form two concentric circles, and then finding out a circle center O by using any circle;
step seven: drawing an arc line at the edge of the internal chamfer of the workpiece to be measured and the horizontal plane of the workpiece to be measured;
finding a pole A on the drawn inner diameter, establishing a measuring coordinate system by using a central point O and an outer diameter circle, adjusting a light source mode, adjusting a Z-axis key until edge lines of the inner chamfer and the plane are clearly visible, and drawing an arc line at the edge of the inner chamfer and the plane by using a continuous arc drawing function;
step eight: measuring the radial dimension of an inner chamfer of a measured workpiece;
drawing a straight line passing through a central point O, a pole A and an arc line by using a straight line drawing option, finding a focus B of the straight line and the arc line by using an 'intersection' function key, and calculating the X-axis coordinate distance between the pole A and the focus B by using a 'distance' function, wherein the distance is the radial size of the inner chamfer;
step nine: measuring the axial size of an inner chamfer of a measured workpiece;
using a 'focusing point' function key to find a focusing point C on the edge line of the inner diameter and the chamfer, then also finding a focusing point D on the plane of the ferrule, and then using a 'distance' function to calculate the Z-axis coordinate distance between the focusing point C and the focusing point D, wherein the distance is the axial size of the inner chamfer;
step ten: drawing an arc line at the edge of the outer chamfer of the workpiece to be measured and the horizontal plane of the workpiece to be measured;
finding a pole A' on the drawn outer diameter, establishing a measuring coordinate system by using the central point O and the outer diameter circle, adjusting a light source mode, adjusting a Z-axis key until edge lines of the outer chamfer and the plane are clearly visible, and drawing an arc line at the edge of the outer chamfer and the plane by using a continuous arc drawing function;
step eleven: measuring the radial dimension of an outer chamfer of a measured workpiece;
drawing a straight line passing through a central point O, a pole A 'and an arc line by using a straight line drawing option, finding a focus B' of the straight line and the arc line by using an 'intersection' function key, and calculating the X-axis coordinate distance of the pole A 'to the focus B' by using a 'distance' function, wherein the distance is the radial size of an outer chamfer;
step twelve: measuring the axial size of an outer chamfer of a measured workpiece;
using a 'focus point' function key to find a focus point C 'on the edge line of the inner diameter and the chamfer, then also finding a focus point D' on the plane of the ferrule, and then using a 'distance' function to calculate the Z-axis coordinate distance between the focus point C 'and the focus point D', wherein the distance is the axial size of the outer chamfer;
step thirteen: and through the constructed calculation method, other products to be measured are placed on the workbench to be measured in sequence, and the batch measurement task is completed.
The second embodiment is as follows: in the first step, the measurement precision of the measuring instrument is influenced by the following steps: XY axis measurement accuracy (2.6+L/200) μm, Z axis measurement accuracy (5.0 +L/200) μm, L represents the measurement length in millimeters.
Other embodiments are the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the specific process of aligning the image camera of the image measuring instrument to the measured workpiece in the third step is as follows:
step three, first: adjusting the machine to move by using a control button of the machine until the image camera finds the detected workpiece in the video control view;
step two: and finely adjusting the machine to the required position by using a mouse.
Other embodiments are the same as the first embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: and step four, adjusting the image measuring instrument to ensure that the specific process of clearly displaying the measured workpiece in the video control visual field is as follows:
step four, firstly: adjusting the focal length of the image camera; until the detected workpiece is clear in the video control visual field;
step four: in the console control operation area, X, Y and Z axis keys are controlled by using a left mouse key, so that the measured workpiece is more clearly shown in a video control view field;
step four and step three: and adjusting the light source mode and the light source brightness to ensure that the measured workpiece is clear and visible in the video control visual field.
Other embodiments are the same as the first embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: and the light source mode in the fourth step and the third step is contour light.
The other embodiments are the same as the fourth embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode: and the light source modes in the seventh step and the tenth step are both surface light.
Other embodiments are the same as the first embodiment.
The seventh embodiment: the step nine uses the function key of 'focus point' on the premise that the light source mode is surface light.
Other embodiments are the same as the first embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the use of the "focus" function key in said step twelve is premised on the light source mode being surface light.
Claims (8)
1. The method for measuring the chamfer size of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing by the image measuring instrument is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting and starting an image measuring instrument;
step two: fixing the workpiece to be measured on a workbench of an image measuring instrument;
step three: aligning an image camera of the image measuring instrument to the workpiece to be measured;
step four: adjusting the image measuring instrument to enable the display of the measured workpiece in the video control visual field to be clear;
step five: establishing a coordinate system of the machine tool,
drawing a coordinate system by using the function keys in the tool box area, firstly establishing a machine tool coordinate system,
step six: respectively drawing the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the ferrule, and finding out a central point O;
respectively drawing the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the ferrule by using a continuous circle drawing function, displaying the outer diameter and the inner diameter in a workpiece drawing bar to form two concentric circles, and then finding out a center point O by using any circle;
step seven: drawing an arc line at the edge of the internal chamfer of the workpiece to be measured and the horizontal plane of the workpiece to be measured;
finding a pole A on the drawn inner diameter, establishing a measuring coordinate system by using the central point O and the outer diameter circle, adjusting a light source mode, adjusting a Z-axis key until edge lines of the inner chamfer and the plane are clear and visible, and drawing an arc line at the edge of the inner chamfer and the plane by using a continuous arc drawing function;
step eight: measuring the radial dimension of an inner chamfer of a measured workpiece;
drawing a straight line passing through a central point O, a pole A and an arc line by using a straight line drawing option, finding a focus B of the straight line and the arc line by using an 'intersection' function key, and calculating the X-axis coordinate distance between the pole A and the focus B by using a 'distance' function, wherein the distance is the radial size of the inner chamfer;
step nine: measuring the axial size of an inner chamfer of a measured workpiece;
using a 'focusing point' function key to find a focusing point C on the edge line of the inner diameter and the chamfer, then also finding a focusing point D on the plane of the ferrule, and then using a 'distance' function to calculate the Z-axis coordinate distance between the focusing point C and the focusing point D, wherein the distance is the axial size of the inner chamfer;
step ten: drawing an arc line at the edge of the outer chamfer of the workpiece to be measured and the horizontal plane of the workpiece to be measured;
finding a pole A' on the drawn outer diameter, establishing a measuring coordinate system by using the central point O and the outer diameter circle, adjusting a light source mode, adjusting a Z-axis key until edge lines of the outer chamfer and the plane are clearly visible, and drawing an arc line at the edge of the outer chamfer and the plane by using a continuous arc drawing function;
step eleven: measuring the radial dimension of an outer chamfer of a measured workpiece;
drawing a straight line passing through a central point O, a pole A 'and an arc line by using a straight line drawing option, finding a focus B' of the straight line and the arc line by using an 'intersection' function key, and calculating the X-axis coordinate distance of the pole A 'to the focus B' by using a 'distance' function, wherein the distance is the radial size of an outer chamfer;
step twelve: measuring the axial size of an outer chamfer of a measured workpiece;
using a 'focus point' function key to find a focus point C 'on the edge line of the inner diameter and the chamfer, then also finding a focus point D' on the plane of the ferrule, and then using a 'distance' function to calculate the Z-axis coordinate distance between the focus point C 'and the focus point D', wherein the distance is the axial size of the outer chamfer;
step thirteen: and through the constructed calculation method, other products to be measured are placed on the workbench to be measured in sequence, and the batch measurement task is completed.
2. The method for measuring the chamfer dimension of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing by the image measuring instrument as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the measurement precision of the measuring instrument is influenced by the following steps: XY axis measurement accuracy (2.6+L/200) μm, Z axis measurement accuracy (5.0 +L/200) μm, L represents the measurement length.
3. The method for measuring the chamfer dimension of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing by the image measuring instrument as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the specific process of aligning the image camera of the image measuring instrument to the measured workpiece is as follows:
step three, firstly: adjusting the machine to move by using a control button of the machine until the image camera finds the workpiece to be detected in the video control view field;
step three: and finely adjusting the machine to the required position by using a mouse.
4. The method for measuring the chamfer dimension of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing by the image measuring instrument as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, the image measuring instrument is adjusted, so that the specific process that the measured workpiece in the video control field is displayed clearly is as follows:
step four, firstly: adjusting the focal length of the image camera; until the detected workpiece is clear in the video control visual field;
step four and step two: in the console control operation area, X, Y and Z axis keys are controlled by using a left mouse key, so that the measured workpiece is more clearly shown in a video control view field;
step four and step three: and adjusting the light source mode and the light source brightness to ensure that the measured workpiece is clear and visible in the video control visual field.
5. The method for measuring the chamfer dimension of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing by the image measuring instrument as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the light source mode in the fourth step and the third step is contour light.
6. The method for measuring the chamfer dimension of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing by the image measuring instrument as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the light source modes in the seventh step and the tenth step are surface light.
7. The method for measuring the chamfer size of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing by the image measuring instrument as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the premise of using the function key of 'focus point' in the step nine is that the light source mode is surface light;
8. the method for measuring the chamfer dimension of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing by the image measuring instrument as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the use of the "focus" function key in said step twelve is premised on the light source mode being surface light.
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| CN112815838B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2023-03-31 | 中国航发哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | Method for measuring chamfer size of inner ring and outer ring of bearing by image measuring instrument |
| CN113899332A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-01-07 | 中国航发哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | Method for measuring diameter of small-size thrust bearing ring channel |
| CN114136235B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2024-04-16 | 中国航发哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | Rolling bearing inner and outer ring chamfer size batch measurement method |
| CN114136184B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2024-04-16 | 中国航发哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | Bearing ring inner diameter oil guide groove taper and size measurement method and equipment based on three-coordinate measurement |
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