CN112814002A - Open caisson and negative pressure sinking construction process thereof - Google Patents
Open caisson and negative pressure sinking construction process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112814002A CN112814002A CN202011558556.4A CN202011558556A CN112814002A CN 112814002 A CN112814002 A CN 112814002A CN 202011558556 A CN202011558556 A CN 202011558556A CN 112814002 A CN112814002 A CN 112814002A
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- open caisson
- well
- caisson
- sinking
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
- E02D19/06—Restraining of underground water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
- E02D23/08—Lowering or sinking caissons
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
- E02D23/08—Lowering or sinking caissons
- E02D23/10—Caissons filled with compressed air
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an open caisson and a negative pressure sinking construction process thereof, wherein the open caisson comprises a well body and a well cover, a plurality of compartments are separated in the inner cavity of the well body through vertical clapboards, air bags which are in sealing fit with the well mouth are fixed on the periphery of the well cover, an exhaust hole and a drain hole are arranged on the well cover corresponding to each compartment, a valve is arranged at the exhaust hole, and the drain hole is connected with a sewage pump through the drain pipe. The open caisson structure is prefabricated in a prefabrication plant, so that the foundation bed is not thrown before the open caisson is installed, the foundation bed is tamped, the foundation bed is leveled, the construction process is reduced, the overwater construction process is reduced, the potential safety hazard is reduced, the offshore cover plate cast-in-place concrete after the open caisson is installed can be reduced, the whole closed space in the open caisson sinking process is realized through the connection between the air bag and the upper cover plate, and the open caisson structure is sunk under negative pressure through the air floating platform; through the air-float operation platform, the negative pressure sinking of the open caisson structure is realized, and the sinking rate of the open caisson and the height difference after the open caisson enters the soil are better controlled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an open caisson, in particular to an open caisson and a negative pressure sinking construction process thereof.
Background
At present, the construction of offshore caissons mainly adopts a gravity type caisson wharf hydraulic main body construction process, and the structure construction process sequentially comprises the following steps: caisson prefabrication, foundation trench excavation, foundation bed stone throwing, foundation bed tamping, foundation bed leveling, caisson shipping and installation, caisson internal backfilling and caisson sealing construction. The structure and the construction method need to carry out a large amount of on-site water construction, and have the advantages of multiple processes, multiple water operations, multiple cross operations, large construction safety risk caused by a large amount of on-site water operations and low construction efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the open caisson which is reasonable in design and convenient to use aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The invention aims to solve another technical problem and provides the negative pressure sinking construction process of the open caisson, which reduces the working procedures of on-site overwater construction, reduces the construction safety risk and improves the construction quality and efficiency aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the open caisson is characterized by comprising a caisson body and a manhole cover, wherein a plurality of compartments are separated from the inner cavity of the caisson body through vertical partition plates, air bags in sealing fit with a wellhead are fixed on the periphery of the manhole cover, an exhaust hole and a drain hole are formed in the manhole cover corresponding to each compartment, a valve is arranged at the exhaust hole, and the drain hole is connected with a sewage pump through a drainage pipeline.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can also be realized by the following technical scheme that the well body is formed by pouring a plurality of precast slabs in a layered mode.
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention can also be solved by the following solution, wherein the compartments are arranged in a 3 × 3 array.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme that a steel shoe connecting hole is reserved at the bottom of the well body.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can also be realized by the following technical scheme that a bolt hole is reserved at the lower part of the well body.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can also be realized by the following technical scheme that the well body and the cover plate are integrally poured.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can also be realized by the following technical scheme, and the valve is an electric control valve.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can also be solved by the following technical scheme that a base for installing the air floatation operation platform is reserved on the cover plate, the base is a steel bar or a steel plate reserved when the cover plate is prefabricated, and the air floatation operation platform can be connected with the base through welding or bolts.
The negative pressure sinking construction process of the open caisson is characterized by comprising the following steps,
(1) installing an air floatation operation platform before the caisson is delivered, if steel boots need to be installed, installing the steel boots before the prefabricated caisson is delivered, inflating an air bag on a cover plate to keep the upper cover plate and a lower well body sealed, and delivering the upper cover plate and the lower well body to a designated offshore construction area;
(2) after the flood tide reaches a set tide level, the semi-submersible barge begins to dive, the crane ship is in place, the air floatation reaches the design height after the air floatation of the open caisson reaches the design stable draft, the air floatation is taken out by a towing ship after the stability is observed and ensured, and the towed open caisson is driven to the installation position;
(3) and (3) positioning the positioning ship in advance, dragging the foundation open caisson to the position near the installation position, then connecting cables to the positioning ship, operating an automatic control system after positioning is finished, starting valves of each compartment of the open caisson to start exhaust and sinking, and starting a sewage pump to pump water to start negative pressure and sink until the water sinks to the designed depth after exhaust and sinking are finished.
(4) And after the open caisson is sunk to the designed depth, deflating the air bag on the open caisson cover plate, removing the air bag, backfilling stone into the bulkhead according to the requirement, or forming a working platform in a cast-in-place air bag operation area, and finishing the open caisson sinking construction.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme that before sinking in and out, the open caisson is prefabricated in a prefabrication plant, a large-scale template is adopted, concrete is poured in different bins and layers, and a steel shoe connecting hole can be reserved for a hard soil layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the open caisson structure is prefabricated in a prefabrication factory, so that the foundation bed is not thrown before the open caisson is installed, the foundation bed is tamped, the foundation bed is leveled, the construction process is reduced, the overwater construction process is reduced, the potential safety hazard is reduced, and the cast-in-place concrete amount of the offshore cover plate after the open caisson is installed can be reduced.
(2) The air bag is connected with the upper cover plate, so that the whole closed space in the sinking process of the open caisson is realized, and the negative pressure sinking of the open caisson structure is realized through the air floating platform; through the air-float operation platform, the negative pressure sinking of the open caisson structure is realized, and the sinking rate of the open caisson and the height difference after the open caisson enters the soil are better controlled.
(3) By adopting the open caisson and the sinking process, the variability of the upper structure can be dealt with by adjusting the special-shaped structure of the open caisson.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural view of the open caisson of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a view showing the construction of a cover plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an installation view of the air flotation operation platform.
In the figure: 1-well body, 2-cover plate, 3-bulkhead, 4-air bag, 5-bolt hole, 6-drain hole, 7-air floating operation platform and 8-vertical clapboard.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-4, an open caisson comprises a well body 1 and a well lid 2, wherein an inner cavity of the well body 1 is partitioned into a plurality of compartments 3 by vertical partition plates 8, the bottom of the well body is open, air bags 4 which are in sealing fit with a well mouth are fixed on the periphery of the well lid 2, air filling and discharging interfaces are arranged on the air bags, the air bags can be an integral annular air bag or four air bags which are tightly connected, an exhaust hole and a drain hole 6 are arranged on the well lid 2 corresponding to each compartment 3, a valve is arranged at the exhaust hole, the drain hole 6 is connected with a sewage pump through a drain pipe, the well body 1 is formed by pouring a plurality of prefabricated plates in a layered mode, the compartments are arranged in a 3 x 3 mode, steel shoe connecting holes are reserved at the bottom of the well body 1, bolt holes 5 are reserved at the lower part of the well body 1, the well body 1 and the, the air bag placing space is reserved, the reserved space can be used for filling stones in the later period, and the valve is an electric control valve, so that the opening and closing of the valve can be conveniently controlled through an automatic control system on the air floatation operating platform.
The prefabricated open caisson is prefabricated in a prefabrication factory, a large-scale template is adopted, concrete is poured in different bins and layers, a steel shoe connecting hole can be reserved for a hard soil layer, after the open caisson is manufactured, upper cover plate cast-in-place construction is carried out in the prefabrication factory, exhaust holes are reserved, and an air bag 4 is reserved around the cover plate 2. The sinking construction process comprises the following steps of,
(1) installing an air floatation operation platform 7 before the caisson is delivered, if steel boots are needed to be installed, installing the steel boots before the prefabricated caisson is delivered, inflating air bags around the cover plate to keep the upper cover plate and the lower well body sealed, and delivering the steel boots to a designated offshore construction area;
(2) after the flood tide reaches a set tide level, the semi-submersible barge begins to dive, the crane ship is in place, the air floatation reaches the design height after the air floatation of the open caisson reaches the design stable draft, the air floatation is taken out by a towing ship after the stability is observed and ensured, and the towed open caisson is driven to the installation position;
(3) and (3) positioning the positioning ship in advance, dragging the foundation open caisson to the position near the installation position, then connecting cables to the positioning ship, operating an automatic control system after positioning is finished, starting valves of each compartment of the open caisson to start exhaust and sinking, and starting a sewage pump to pump water to start negative pressure and sink until the water sinks to the designed depth after exhaust and sinking are finished.
(4) And after the open caisson is sunk to the designed depth, deflating the air bags on the periphery of the open caisson cover plate, removing the air bags, backfilling stone materials into the bulkhead according to the requirement, or forming a working platform in a cast-in-place air bag operation area, and finishing the open caisson sinking construction.
According to the invention, through open caisson industrial prefabrication, the cast-in-place concrete amount of the offshore cover plate after the open caisson is installed can be reduced, the negative pressure sinking construction technology is adopted, the on-site overwater construction operation procedures are greatly reduced, the construction safety risk is reduced, and the construction quality and efficiency are improved. By adopting the open caisson structure and the sinking construction process, the foundation bed is not thrown and compacted before the open caisson is installed, and the foundation bed is leveled, so that the overwater construction process is reduced, and the potential safety hazard is reduced; realize that open caisson structure negative pressure sinks through air supporting operation platform, the difference in height after better control open caisson sinking speed and the entering into earth adopts to be connected between gasbag and the apron and uses, realizes the whole airtight space of open caisson sinking in-process, can deal with the variability of superstructure through adjusting open caisson dysmorphism structure.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A caisson, which is characterized in that: the well comprises a well body and a well cover, wherein a plurality of compartments are separated from the inner cavity of the well body through vertical partition plates, air bags which are in sealing fit with a well mouth are fixed on the periphery of the well cover, an exhaust hole and a drain hole are arranged on the well cover corresponding to each compartment, a valve is arranged at the exhaust hole, and the drain hole is connected with a sewage pump through a drainage pipeline.
2. The open caisson of claim 1, wherein said body is cast in layers from prefabricated panels.
3. A caisson according to claim 1, wherein said compartments are in a 3 x 3 array.
4. The open caisson of claim 1, wherein a steel shoe connecting hole is reserved at the bottom of the well body.
5. The caisson of claim 1, wherein bolt holes are reserved in the lower part of said well body.
6. The open caisson of claim 1, wherein said well body and said cover plate are integrally cast.
7. The open caisson of claim 1, wherein a base for installing the air-float operated platform is reserved on said cover plate.
8. The open caisson of claim 1, wherein said valve is an electrically controlled valve.
9. A negative pressure sinking construction process of open caisson according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the process comprises the steps of,
(1) before the open caisson is transported out, an air floatation operation platform is installed, an air bag on a cover plate is inflated to keep the upper cover plate and a lower well body sealed, and then the open caisson is transported to a designated offshore construction area;
(2) after the flood tide reaches a set tide level, the semi-submersible barge begins to dive, the crane ship is in place, the air floatation reaches the design height after the air floatation of the open caisson reaches the design stable draft, the air floatation is taken out by a towing ship after the stability is observed and ensured, and the towed open caisson is driven to the installation position;
(3) the positioning ship is parked in advance, the cable is crossed to the positioning ship after the foundation open caisson is dragged to be close to the installation position, the automatic control system is operated after the positioning is finished, valves of each compartment of the open caisson are started to exhaust and sink, and after the exhaust and sinking are finished, the drainage pump is started to pump water to start negative pressure and sink until the drainage pump sinks to the designed depth;
(4) and after the open caisson is sunk to the designed depth, deflating the air bag on the open caisson cover plate, removing the air bag, backfilling stone into the bulkhead according to the requirement, or forming a working platform in a cast-in-place air bag operation area, and finishing the open caisson sinking construction.
10. The negative pressure sinking construction process of the open caisson according to claim 9, wherein before sinking in and out, the open caisson is prefabricated in a prefabrication plant, a large-scale template is adopted, concrete is poured in different bins and layers, and steel shoe connecting holes can be reserved for a hard soil layer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011558556.4A CN112814002A (en) | 2020-12-25 | 2020-12-25 | Open caisson and negative pressure sinking construction process thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011558556.4A CN112814002A (en) | 2020-12-25 | 2020-12-25 | Open caisson and negative pressure sinking construction process thereof |
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| CN112814002A true CN112814002A (en) | 2021-05-18 |
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| CN202011558556.4A Pending CN112814002A (en) | 2020-12-25 | 2020-12-25 | Open caisson and negative pressure sinking construction process thereof |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB288077A (en) * | 1927-08-05 | 1928-04-05 | William Henry Anderson | Method of and means for sinking caissons and like structures |
| CN102322062A (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-01-18 | 中交第三航务工程局有限公司 | Transportation and installation process of base barrel body of barrel type breakwater |
| CN103382713A (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2013-11-06 | 中交第三航务工程勘察设计院有限公司 | Foundation quay wall structure and construction method thereof |
| KR20160014902A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-02-12 | 에스케이건설 주식회사 | Waterproof system for caisson using air tube |
| CN105862896A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-08-17 | 中交第三航务工程局有限公司江苏分公司 | Mounting method of breakwater barrel type component |
| CN108774996A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-11-09 | 天津大学 | Circle rectangle suction type foundation and steel sheet pile combined type breakwater structure |
| CN211810156U (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-10-30 | 中交天津港湾工程设计院有限公司 | Self-floating underwater caisson cover plate |
-
2020
- 2020-12-25 CN CN202011558556.4A patent/CN112814002A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB288077A (en) * | 1927-08-05 | 1928-04-05 | William Henry Anderson | Method of and means for sinking caissons and like structures |
| CN102322062A (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-01-18 | 中交第三航务工程局有限公司 | Transportation and installation process of base barrel body of barrel type breakwater |
| CN103382713A (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2013-11-06 | 中交第三航务工程勘察设计院有限公司 | Foundation quay wall structure and construction method thereof |
| KR20160014902A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-02-12 | 에스케이건설 주식회사 | Waterproof system for caisson using air tube |
| CN105862896A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-08-17 | 中交第三航务工程局有限公司江苏分公司 | Mounting method of breakwater barrel type component |
| CN108774996A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-11-09 | 天津大学 | Circle rectangle suction type foundation and steel sheet pile combined type breakwater structure |
| CN211810156U (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-10-30 | 中交天津港湾工程设计院有限公司 | Self-floating underwater caisson cover plate |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 编委会: "《大连造船厂史1898-1998》", 30 June 1998 * |
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