CN104179156B - Box-type suction foundation sluice structure and enclose low bank between fields and close up the construction method of mouth - Google Patents
Box-type suction foundation sluice structure and enclose low bank between fields and close up the construction method of mouth Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of box-type suction foundation sluice structure and carry out enclosing low bank between fields and close up the construction method of mouth, including case cylinder basis, it is characterized in that: top, described case cylinder basis is provided with upper water brake structure, described upper water brake structure includes top parapet, bottom, cover plate upper end parapet, gate slot, vertical wall, gate and panel, the cover plate on described case cylinder basis is connected with bottom, cover plate upper end parapet, bottom, described cover plate upper end parapet is connected with gate slot, described gate slot is connected with top parapet, described top parapet is provided with groove, gate runs through groove and inserts in gate slot, adjacent gate slot line direction along its longitudinal axis is connected by vertical wall, described top parapet and vertical wall upper end are provided with panel.Beneficial effect: adopting case cylinder basis, it is ensured that the building or install all more than the water surface of sluice structure, re-segmenting carries out enclosing low bank between fields engineering construction, it is to avoid the loaded down with trivial details technique of underwater casting.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to port engineering field, particularly relate to a kind of box-type suction foundation sluice structure and enclose low bank between fields and close up the construction method of mouth.
Background technology
Enclose in low bank between fields work progress big-and-middle-sized, it usually needs section construction, finally close up.Bigger owing to holding together mouth place flow rate of water flow, washing away of mud face herein is more serious, ground thus be damaged, depression of bearing force, occur that low bank between fields body sinks, the situation of silt is squeezed in both sides, after causing closing up cutout, closing up mouth place low bank between fields body and sink, water is crossed on road surface, more serious plus the low bank between fields body seepage flow that just filled, Piping phenomenon, close up mouth and be very likely rushed to open.Close up emphasis, difficult task that mouth is also always up enclosing in low bank between fields work progress, directly influence the cost of engineering, duration and quality, there is very important effect.Measure of closing up conventional at present is to fill oversize rock material directly to be washed away side at low bank between fields body by current, and slightly thin debris from demolition then fills at opposite side, and constructs in pursuing-tide position, to reduce the loss of current scour.This measure has the drawback that to be needed to use a large amount of oversize rock material, and construction cost is high, technique is loaded down with trivial details, and restricted application.
In addition, day by day serious along with scarcity of fresh water resources problem, desalinization also will play more and more important role in human lives, large-scale Seawater Desalination Project also will be increasingly widely applied, and lock of fetching water is to ensure that water intaking quality and the important leverage structure of water intaking safety have important effect in Seawater Desalination Project.The water intaking many employings of lock conventional at present are being arranged below the version of pile foundation, this kind of version has the drawback that complicated construction technique, cost height, less stable, the flat weight bearing power of pile foundation water resistant is poor, due to tidal action, balancing reservoir and outer saline waters are inconsistent at water intaking lock both sides water level, formation pressure differential put on water intaking lock and passes to pile foundation, very easily causing pile foundation to destroy.
Number of patent application: 200720099572.5 disclose the removable cylindrical infrastructure part of cylinder of a kind of stake with ribbing, it includes 3 to 6 steel wall cylinders without tail band top board, adjacent cylinders body is arranged in triangle or tetragon, connected by vertical steel plate between adjacent cylinders body, the top board of each cylinder is provided with the through hole of switch, the barrel of each cylinder arranges the vertical rib stake of steel, rib stake lower end is sharp cone distal, fill concrete or cement mortar in rib stake. aforementioned patents disclose a kind of case cylindrical foundation version, but it has the drawback that the processing technology thereof of case barrel structure is complicated, construct loaded down with trivial details.Number of patent application: 200420029467.0 disclose a kind of removable steel reinforced concrete box-type suction foundation vertical arc diaphragm wall breakwater structure, it is by the box-type suction foundation being inserted in seabed soil and is located on it connected integral top wave wall and constitutes；Box-type suction foundation include by four equal diameters, etc. height, bottomless, inside barrel or the steel cylinder body of the vertical floor of arranged outside, by being located at the cuboid that cylinder connecting plate between any two connects and composes；The monoblock concrete material cover plate laid in this four cylinders cuboid upper surface；The switchable through hole offered in the top blind flange of the middle chamber surrounded at each cylinder and four cylinders；Wave wall be by least two-stage nitration equal diameter, etc. the upright circular arc concrete material wall section of arc length connect into continuous print " S " type body of wall.The present invention is applicable to weak soil seabed foundations, and on constitution water, construction volume is little, simple installation, adaptability and the anti-wave ability of the depth of water is strong, and engineering cost is relatively low.Aforementioned patents disclose a kind of case cylindrical foundation version and the application in breakwater engineering thereof, but its deficiency is not propose building or installation method of superstructure.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art, a kind of box-type suction foundation sluice structure is provided and encloses low bank between fields and close up the construction method of mouth, adopt case cylinder basis as the base structure of sluice, case cylinder basis uses negative pressure subsidence process to stop after sinking to one section of mud face, sluice structure built by its cover plate, or first integral prefabricated sluice structure is arranged on upper end, case cylinder basis, what ensure that sluice structure builds or installs all more than the water surface, segmentation subsequently carries out enclosing low bank between fields engineering construction, avoid the loaded down with trivial details technique of concrete placed under water, the vertical of basis can be effectively improved, horizontal bearing capacity, structural stability is good.
nullThe present invention is for achieving the above object，It is achieved through the following technical solutions，A kind of box-type suction foundation sluice structure,Including by several case cylinders、The case cylinder basis that connection wall and cover plate are constituted，It is characterized in that: top, described case cylinder basis is provided with upper water brake structure，Described upper water brake structure includes top parapet、Bottom, cover plate upper end parapet、Gate slot、Vertical wall、Gate and panel，The cover plate on described case cylinder basis is connected with bottom, cover plate upper end parapet，Bottom, described cover plate upper end parapet is connected with gate slot，The shape of cross section of described gate slot is " recessed " type，Described gate slot is connected with top parapet，Described top parapet is longitudinally provided with groove along it，Gate runs through the groove of top parapet and inserts in gate slot，Adjacent gate slot line direction along its longitudinal axis is connected by vertical wall，Described top parapet and vertical wall upper end are provided with panel，Case cylinder basis and upper water brake structure constitute overall box-type suction foundation sluice structure.
The vertical wall of described overall box-type suction foundation sluice structure dual-side is prefabricated with for connecting adjacent overall box-type suction foundation sluice structure and enclosing the snap close of low bank between fields structure, between the vertical duct that adjacent snap close is formed after connecting, is provided with the sealing cementation of fissures of concrete or mortar.
The case cylinder on described case cylinder basis is rectangular or is circular layout.
Described cover plate is provided with the reserving hole channel of Valve controlling.
Described cover plate upper end bottom parapet and top parapet adopt armored concrete or steel construction, and its shape of cross section is rectangular, trapezoidal or rectangle and trapezoidal combined shaped.
A kind of adopt box-type suction foundation sluice structure to carry out enclosing low bank between fields to close up the construction method of mouth, by based on case cylinder, after the water surface in case cylinder upper end is constituted overall box-type suction foundation sluice structure with the cast-in-place upper water brake structure of upper surface, open gate and form aquaporin as closing up mouth, segmentation subsequently carries out enclosing low bank between fields construction, enclose the gate closing all box-type suction foundation sluice structures after low bank between fields has been constructed, close aquaporin, namely complete to close up；
Specifically comprise the following steps that
(1) is removed obstacles and flatten in the mud face, seabed of sluice installed position；
(2) after the assembly of combination box cylinder basis completes, floating dock or slideway lower water is assisted to carry out air float hauling；Inflate in case cylinder, close valve on case cylinder reserving hole channel after completing, adjust the aeration quantity of each case cylinder, to control the levelness on overall case cylinder basis, tugboat case cylinder basis is hauled to job site；
(3) after case cylinder basis is transported to erecting bed, installation site is accurately positioned, open valve on case cylinder reserving hole channel to be exhausted and drown oneself, after drowning oneself, by reserving hole channel, case cylinder is bled, regulate each case cylinder respective valves, control aerofluxus and the speed of evacuation forms negative pressure, the flatness on case cylinder basis is carried out instant leveling, and case cylinder is sink to after requiring elevation location and stops sinking；
(4) carry out the installation of upper water brake structure: be positioned at upper end, the case cylinder basis lid surface formwork of more than the water surface, build bottom, cover plate upper end parapet, gate slot, vertical wall and top parapet and be connected as entirety by reserved steel bar and cover plate；Or integral prefabricated upper water brake structure is arranged on the cover plate of upper end, case cylinder basis；
(5) after the installation of upper water brake structure, continue to bleed in case cylinder, utilize the pressure differential that the cover plate on case cylinder basis is formed up and down that entirety box-type suction foundation sluice structure is sink to designed elevation position, mud face, close reserving hole channel valve, complete overall box-type suction foundation sluice structure and sink to installing；
(6) all the other overall box-type suction foundation sluice structures are sunk to successively according to above-mentioned steps；
(7) after all overall box-type suction foundation sluice structure is constructed, the vertical passageway formed between snap close to overall box-type suction foundation sluice structure dual-side, adopt concrete or the mortar cementation of fissures to carry out encapsulation process, complete some groups of entirety box-type suction foundation sluice structure constructions；
(8) carry out enclosing low bank between fields construction along some groups of entirety box-type suction foundation sluice structure both sides segmentations completing, enclose low bank between fields with the some groups of entirety box-type suction foundation sluice structures completed and be connected by snap close and carry out cementation of fissures encapsulation process；
(9) use the groove that gate is run through top parapet by hydraulic headstock gear or simple and easy headstock gear to insert in gate slot and carry out encapsulation process, backfill block stone or construction material in the casing that gate and vertical walled become, then build surface layer and complete to close up mouth construction.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, the present invention uses case cylinder as the base structure of sluice, the vertical of basis can be effectively improved, horizontal bearing capacity, structural stability is good, simultaneously, adopt installation top, caisson cylinder limit sluice structure under the negative pressure of limit, or it is arranged on the sinking of negative pressure again of upper end, case cylinder basis after integral prefabricated for upper water brake structure, building or install and being all more than the water surface of sluice structure can be ensured, avoid the loaded down with trivial details technique of concrete placed under water, greatly reduce construction cost, mouth can be closed up as what enclose low bank between fields engineering, also can use as the water intaking lock in Seawater Desalination Project.This structure as enclose low bank between fields engineering close up mouth use time, first construction box-type suction foundation and sluice structure open gate and formed aquaporin；Low bank between fields is enclosed in re-segmenting construction, encloses and only needs closed shutter can complete to close up after low bank between fields has been constructed, and solves that traditional handicraft closes up a mouthful construction cost height, cycle length, poor stability, the deficiency such as have a big risk.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the plan structure figure of box-type suction foundation sluice structure；
Fig. 3 is that the present invention encloses low bank between fields and closes up the process flow diagram of mouth.
In figure: 1-case cylinder, 2-connection wall, 3-cover plate, bottom, 4-cover plate upper end parapet, 5-gate, 6-top parapet, 7-panel, 8-reserving hole channel, 9-snap close, 10-indulges wall, 11-gate slot.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with preferred embodiment, to according to detailed description of the invention provided by the invention, details are as follows:
Embodiment
Referring to accompanying drawing 1,2, the present embodiment provides a kind of box-type suction foundation sluice structure, a kind of box-type suction foundation sluice structure, and including the case cylinder basis being made up of several case cylinders 1, connection wall 2 and cover plate 3, the present embodiment case cylinder is two groups eight.Top, described case cylinder basis is provided with upper water brake structure, described upper water brake structure includes top parapet 6, bottom, cover plate upper end parapet 4, gate slot 11, vertical wall 10, gate 5 and panel 7, the cover plate on described case cylinder basis is connected with bottom, cover plate upper end parapet, bottom, described cover plate upper end parapet is connected with gate slot, the shape of cross section of described gate slot is " recessed " type, described gate slot is connected with top parapet, described top parapet is longitudinally provided with groove along it, gate runs through the groove of top parapet and inserts in gate slot, adjacent gate slot line direction along its longitudinal axis is connected by vertical wall, described top parapet and vertical wall upper end are provided with panel, case cylinder basis and upper water brake structure constitute overall box-type suction foundation sluice structure.nullCase cylinder 1 can be divided into reinforced concrete box cylinder or steel case cylinder by material，Single case cylinder or several combination box cylinders can be divided into by quantity，Rectangular arrangement can be divided into by combining form or be circular layout，Equal diameter case cylinder or variable diameters case cylinder can be divided into by version，Described connection wall 2 is used for connecting adjacent tank cylinder，Described cover plate 3 is arranged on case cylinder 1 and connection wall 2 upper end，Can be armored concrete or steel construction，Its shape of cross section is rectangular、Circle or other section form，Described cover plate arranges reserving hole channel 8 in Xiang Tong center and cover plate geometric center position or appropriate location，What arrange Valve controlling duct on described reserving hole channel opens Guan Bi，Bottom, described cover plate upper end parapet 4 is arranged on cover plate 3 upper end，Can be armored concrete or steel construction，Its cross sectional shape is rectangular、Trapezoidal or rectangle and trapezoidal combined shaped，Described gate slot 11 is in " recessed " type，It is arranged on parapet 4 upper end, bottom, cover plate upper end，Described top parapet 6 is arranged on gate slot 11 upper end，Described " recessed " type gate slot longitudinally arranges vertical wall 10 and connects，Described gate 5 is inserted in gate slot by top parapet，By hydraulic headstock gear or simple and easy headstock gear, gate can be opened、Guan Bi，Described case cylinder sinks to mud face，Foundation bearing capacity meets superstructure gravity load requirement rear cabinet cylinder to be stopped sinking，Case cylinder upper end cover plate is installed sluice structure，Sinking case cylinder basis to design mud face elevation location is continued after installation，The vertical wall of described overall box-type suction foundation sluice structure dual-side is prefabricated with for connecting adjacent overall box-type suction foundation sluice structure and enclosing the snap close 9 of low bank between fields structure.Described snap close 9 is arranged on sluice axis both sides, is used for connecting adjacent water gate or enclosing low bank between fields structure, and described snap close forms a vertical duct after connecting, and adopts concrete or the mortar cementation of fissures to be connected and sealed.
Case cylinder base structure makes and assembled process:
(1) single case barrel structure, cover plate precast block, Shi Xiangtong center built by cover plate and cover plate central arranges the present embodiment in center, appropriate location reserving hole channel can also be selected according to actual condition, reserved steel bar is set at cover plate upper end, top bottom parapet and vertical wall installation position；
(2) single case cylinder is fixed on appointment position, carries out assembly with cover plate, and piece is sealed；
(3) between adjacent tank cylinder, cast-in-place connection wall 2 forms combination box barrel structure.The present embodiment selects four to be one group of case cylinder basis.
Case cylinder basis also can be prefabricated into a large-scale single case cylinder, arranges a plurality of separation cutting off composition in the middle of single case cylinder, and at its cast-in-place cover plate in single case cylinder top, then affixed upper water brake structure constitutes overall box-type suction foundation sluice structure.
Technological process:
Adopt box-type suction foundation sluice structure to carry out enclosing low bank between fields and close up the construction method of mouth, by based on case cylinder, after the water surface in case cylinder upper end is constituted overall box-type suction foundation sluice structure with the cast-in-place upper water brake structure of upper surface, open gate and form aquaporin as closing up mouth, segmentation subsequently carries out enclosing low bank between fields construction, enclose the gate closing all box-type suction foundation sluice structures after low bank between fields has been constructed, close aquaporin, namely complete to close up；
Specifically comprise the following steps that
(1) is removed obstacles and flatten in the mud face, seabed of sluice installed position；
(2) after the assembly of combination box cylinder basis completes, floating dock or slideway lower water is assisted to carry out air float hauling；Inflate in case cylinder, close valve on case cylinder reserving hole channel after completing, adjust the aeration quantity of each case cylinder, to control the levelness on overall case cylinder basis, tugboat case cylinder basis is hauled to job site；
(3) after case cylinder basis is transported to erecting bed, installation site is accurately positioned, open valve on case cylinder reserving hole channel to be exhausted and drown oneself, after drowning oneself, by reserving hole channel, case cylinder is bled, regulate each case cylinder respective valves, control aerofluxus and the speed of evacuation forms negative pressure, the flatness on case cylinder basis is carried out instant leveling, and case cylinder is sink to after requiring elevation location and stops sinking；
(4) carry out the installation of upper water brake structure: be positioned at upper end, the case cylinder basis lid surface formwork of more than the water surface, build bottom, cover plate upper end parapet, gate slot, vertical wall and top parapet and be connected as entirety by reserved steel bar and cover plate；Or integral prefabricated upper water brake structure is arranged on the cover plate of upper end, case cylinder basis；
(5) after the installation of upper water brake structure, continue to bleed in case cylinder, utilize the pressure differential that the cover plate on case cylinder basis is formed up and down that entirety box-type suction foundation sluice structure is sink to designed elevation position, mud face, close reserving hole channel valve, complete overall box-type suction foundation sluice structure and sink to installing；
(6) all the other overall box-type suction foundation sluice structures are sunk to successively according to above-mentioned steps；
(7) after all overall box-type suction foundation sluice structure is constructed, the vertical passageway formed between snap close to overall box-type suction foundation sluice structure dual-side, adopt concrete or the mortar cementation of fissures to carry out encapsulation process, complete some groups of entirety box-type suction foundation sluice structure constructions；
(8) carry out enclosing low bank between fields construction along some groups of entirety box-type suction foundation sluice structure both sides segmentations completing, enclose low bank between fields with the some groups of entirety box-type suction foundation sluice structures completed and be connected by snap close and carry out cementation of fissures encapsulation process；
(9) use the groove that gate is run through top parapet by hydraulic headstock gear or simple and easy headstock gear to insert in gate slot and carry out encapsulation process, backfill block stone or construction material in the casing that gate and vertical walled become, build surface layer again, close up mouth and finally can, by fixing for gate dead, complete to close up mouth construction.
The water intaking brake structure that box-type suction foundation sluice structure is also used as Seawater Desalination Project is adopted to use: identical with closing up mouth structure 1-8 step as water intaking brake structure, only the 9th step is different.That is, using hydraulic headstock gear or simple and easy headstock gear to be inserted into gate slot by gate from gate slot top parapet, after-pouring surface layer completes water intaking brake structure construction.Water intaking lock starting gate water intaking, closed shutter during low tide when high tide level.Have with the process distinction closing up mouth: 1, water intaking lock not be used in case cylinder when building panel and backfills；2, gate is unfixing dead, can open, close；3, using function, water intaking lock opens gate water intaking, time of low water closed shutter at high water time.
The above-mentioned detailed description this kind of box-type suction foundation sluice structure carried out with reference to embodiment; it is illustrative rather than determinate; can according to restriction scope list several embodiments; therefore without departing from changing and modifications under present general inventive concept, should belong within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
- null1. a box-type suction foundation sluice structure,Including by several case cylinders、The case cylinder basis that connection wall and cover plate are constituted，It is characterized in that: top, described case cylinder basis is provided with upper water brake structure，Described upper water brake structure includes top parapet、Bottom, cover plate upper end parapet、Gate slot、Vertical wall、Gate and panel，The cover plate on described case cylinder basis is connected with bottom, cover plate upper end parapet，Bottom, described cover plate upper end parapet is connected with gate slot，The shape of cross section of described gate slot is " recessed " type，Described gate slot is connected with top parapet，Described top parapet is longitudinally provided with groove along it，Gate runs through the groove of top parapet and inserts in gate slot，Adjacent gate slot line direction along its longitudinal axis is connected by vertical wall，Described top parapet and vertical wall upper end are provided with panel，Case cylinder basis and upper water brake structure constitute overall box-type suction foundation sluice structure.
- 2. box-type suction foundation sluice structure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the vertical wall of described overall box-type suction foundation sluice structure dual-side is prefabricated with for connecting adjacent overall box-type suction foundation sluice structure and enclosing the snap close of low bank between fields structure, between the vertical duct that adjacent snap close is formed after connecting, is provided with the sealing cementation of fissures of concrete or mortar.
- 3. box-type suction foundation sluice structure according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the case cylinder on described case cylinder basis is rectangular or is circular layout.
- 4. box-type suction foundation sluice structure according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described cover plate is provided with the reserving hole channel of Valve controlling.
- 5. box-type suction foundation sluice structure according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described cover plate upper end bottom parapet and top parapet adopt armored concrete or steel construction, and its shape of cross section is rectangular, trapezoidal or rectangle and trapezoidal combined shaped.
- 6. a box-type suction foundation sluice structure as claimed in claim 4 carries out enclosing low bank between fields and closes up the construction method of mouth, it is characterized in that: by based on case cylinder, after the water surface in case cylinder upper end is constituted overall box-type suction foundation sluice structure with the cast-in-place upper water brake structure of upper surface, open gate and form aquaporin as closing up mouth, segmentation subsequently carries out enclosing low bank between fields construction, enclose the gate closing all box-type suction foundation sluice structures after low bank between fields has been constructed, close aquaporin, namely complete to close up；Specifically comprise the following steps that(1) is removed obstacles and flatten in the mud face, seabed of sluice installed position；(2) after the assembly of combination box cylinder basis completes, floating dock or slideway lower water is assisted to carry out air float hauling；Inflate in case cylinder, close valve on case cylinder reserving hole channel after completing, adjust the aeration quantity of each case cylinder, to control the levelness on overall case cylinder basis, tugboat case cylinder basis is hauled to job site；(3) after case cylinder basis is transported to erecting bed, installation site is accurately positioned, open valve on case cylinder reserving hole channel to be exhausted and drown oneself, after drowning oneself, by reserving hole channel, case cylinder is bled, regulate each case cylinder respective valves, control aerofluxus and the speed of evacuation forms negative pressure, the flatness on case cylinder basis is carried out instant leveling, and case cylinder is sink to after requiring elevation location and stops sinking；(4) carry out the installation of upper water brake structure: be positioned at upper end, the case cylinder basis lid surface formwork of more than the water surface, build bottom, cover plate upper end parapet, gate slot, vertical wall and top parapet and be connected as entirety by reserved steel bar and cover plate；Or integral prefabricated upper water brake structure is arranged on the cover plate of upper end, case cylinder basis；(5) after the installation of upper water brake structure, continue to bleed in case cylinder, utilize the pressure differential that the cover plate on case cylinder basis is formed up and down that entirety box-type suction foundation sluice structure is sink to designed elevation position, mud face, close reserving hole channel valve, complete overall box-type suction foundation sluice structure and sink to installing；(6) all the other overall box-type suction foundation sluice structures are sunk to successively according to above-mentioned steps；(7) after all overall box-type suction foundation sluice structure is constructed, the vertical passageway formed between snap close to overall box-type suction foundation sluice structure dual-side, adopt concrete or the mortar cementation of fissures to carry out encapsulation process, complete some groups of entirety box-type suction foundation sluice structure constructions；(8) carry out enclosing low bank between fields construction along some groups of entirety box-type suction foundation sluice structure both sides segmentations completing, enclose low bank between fields with the some groups of entirety box-type suction foundation sluice structures completed and be connected by snap close and carry out cementation of fissures encapsulation process；(9) use the groove that gate is run through top parapet by hydraulic headstock gear to insert in gate slot and carry out encapsulation process, backfill construction material in the casing that gate and vertical walled become, then build surface layer and complete to close up mouth construction.
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| CN104762985A (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2015-07-08 | 天津大学 | Cylindrical caisson foundation water intake gate structure and application thereof |
| CN104775398B (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2016-09-21 | 天津大学 | A kind of box-type suction foundation siphon gallery water intaking structure |
| CN105672213A (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2016-06-15 | 中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司 | Floating transportation type integral steel gate dam for coastal region |
| CN107130563A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-09-05 | 郑州德威机械设备有限公司 | Block water dam and flood control constructions |
| CN108239988A (en) * | 2018-02-23 | 2018-07-03 | 中交第三航务工程勘察设计院有限公司 | A kind of assembled steel barrel base structure and its construction method |
| CN116679768B (en) * | 2023-07-26 | 2023-10-31 | 江苏道达风电设备科技有限公司 | Method and related device for controlling negative pressure in offshore cylindrical foundation cylinder |
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