CN112813922A - Active-passive debris flow water-stone separation-energy dissipation disaster reduction device - Google Patents
Active-passive debris flow water-stone separation-energy dissipation disaster reduction device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112813922A CN112813922A CN202110014808.5A CN202110014808A CN112813922A CN 112813922 A CN112813922 A CN 112813922A CN 202110014808 A CN202110014808 A CN 202110014808A CN 112813922 A CN112813922 A CN 112813922A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/02—Sediment base gates; Sand sluices; Structures for retaining arresting waterborne material
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/02—Sediment base gates; Sand sluices; Structures for retaining arresting waterborne material
- E02B8/023—Arresting devices for waterborne materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/30—Flood prevention; Flood or storm water management, e.g. using flood barriers
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of debris flow prevention and control engineering, in particular to a water-stone separation-energy dissipation disaster reduction device for active-passive debris flow. The device comprises a groove and a drainage system, wherein the groove comprises an inlet section, a filtering section and an outlet section which are sequentially connected; the width of the inlet section decreases from front to back; the width of the outlet section increases from front to back; the side wall of the channel in the filtering section is provided with a plurality of water filtering tanks for separating water in debris flow; also comprises a drainage system connected with the water filtering tank. The water in the debris flow can be extracted and separated actively, and the water-stone separation system can be prevented from being blocked, so that the flow velocity of the debris flow is reduced, and the hazard of a disaster body is relieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of debris flow prevention and control engineering, in particular to a water-stone separation-energy dissipation disaster reduction device for active-passive debris flow.
Background
The debris flow disaster has the characteristics of large kinetic energy, high density and strong impact destructive power, and is a common geological disaster in China. The aim is various in engineering technical means related to debris flow prevention, wherein a debris flow prevention engineering structure and measures based on the water-stone separation principle are extremely important ones, and the prevention measures change basic elements formed by the debris flow by changing the content ratio of water-stone (namely liquid-solid) two-phase substances in the debris flow so as to achieve the aim of treating the debris flow. Such as: various types of barrages intercept large-particle-size stones in debris flow, so that the solid content in the debris flow is reduced, the impact force or the abrasive force of the debris flow is reduced, or the debris flow is converted into flood, and the effect of treating the debris flow is achieved.
In addition, water (slurry) in the debris flow is separated, so that the water content in the debris flow is reduced, the viscosity of the debris flow is increased, the flow resistance is increased, and the effect of treating the debris flow is achieved. The traditional device or method for separating the debris flow depends on the principle of a filter screen, and the separation is completed by the gravity of the debris flow, so that the efficiency is low, the screen holes are easy to block, and the disaster reduction and prevention effects can be met only by performing complicated maintenance on related structures and facilities.
For example, the technical scheme adopted by the 'debris flow water-stone separation grid dam and water-stone separation system' disclosed by application numbers 201811075207.X, application date 2018.09.14 and publication date 2019.01.04 is as follows: the invention relates to a debris flow and water-stone separation grid dam which is arranged across two banks of a debris flow gully bed, wherein the whole debris flow and water-stone separation grid dam is of a net structure bent from a water-facing surface to a water-backing surface, a bending line of the grid dam is obliquely arranged along the flow direction of debris flow, and the bottom of the debris flow separation grid dam is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the debris flow gully bed. Compared with the active cleaning system, the active cleaning system solves the problems of debris flow impact force and siltation and is provided with an active cleaning system. The invention does not control the debris flow disaster by intercepting solid matters such as stones, but reduces the water content of the debris flow by the supercharging-siphoning principle, thereby changing the property of the debris flow, reducing the fluidity and achieving the effect of controlling the debris flow. Therefore, the device can not directly meet and resist the front impact of debris flow at all, and the blockage and silting are difficult to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an objective of the present invention is to provide an active-passive debris flow water-stone separation-energy dissipation disaster reduction device, which solves the problems of blocking and silting of a conventional retaining dam and the impact of debris flow.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an active-passive debris flow water-stone separation-energy dissipation disaster reduction device comprises a groove, wherein the groove comprises an inlet section, a filtering section and an outlet section which are sequentially connected, and the bottom elevation of the groove is obviously and gradually reduced; a plurality of water filtering tanks for separating water in debris flow are arranged in the side wall of the channel in the filtering section; the water filter further comprises a water inlet and a water drainage system which are connected with the water filter tanks, the water filter tanks play a role in absorbing and filtering water in debris flow, and sand and stone solids are discharged at the same time. The drainage tank is connected to a drainage system for draining filtered water through the drainage system.
Furthermore, a bottom protection is arranged at the bottom of the groove, and retaining walls are arranged on two sides of the groove; and a transverse support is arranged between the left retaining wall and the right retaining wall. The bottom protection, the retaining wall and the transverse support are used for resisting the pressure of rock and soil substances on two sides of the periphery, preventing debris flow from scouring the rock and soil substances, and supporting the structural body and enabling the debris flow to circulate. Therefore, the retaining bottom and the retaining wall need to have higher structural strength and scouring resistance and can be made of reinforced concrete. Both sides are equipped with the lateral wall in the barricade, and the thickness of lateral wall has changed the width of middle slot, the water strainer sets up in the lateral wall, its water strainer water inlet and slot lateral wall parallel and level.
Further, the width of the groove inlet section is gradually reduced from front to back, the side wall of the groove is gradually thickened, and the width of the debris flow flowing groove is gradually narrowed. Therefore, the depth of the debris flow is increased, the pressure on the side wall and the bottom of the groove is increased, and the flow speed of the debris flow is increased. The width of the groove of the outlet section is gradually increased from front to back, the side wall of the groove is gradually thinned, the width of the groove is gradually widened, the mud-rock flow after filtration is enlarged in width and reduced in depth, the flow speed is rapidly reduced due to pressure reduction, the friction coefficient of the retaining wall and the bottom protection is smaller, the retaining wall and the bottom protection have larger gradient, the thickened mud-rock flow can still flow out of the range of the device, and the blocking in the device is prevented.
Further, the water filter tank comprises a tank body, and a water inlet and a water outlet are formed in the tank body. The water inlet is connected with the grids, the grids of the water inlet are parallel and level to the joint of the grooves, and the interior of the box body is opened to the grooves through the grids. The water outlet is connected to a drainage system through a water pipe. The internal structure of the box body also comprises an overflow clapboard vertically arranged in the box body, the overflow clapboard divides the box body into two parts, and a gap is reserved between the top of the overflow clapboard and the top of the box body; the water inlet and the water outlet are respectively arranged on two sides of the overflow partition plate, the box body is divided into two parts by the overflow partition plate, and the cross sectional area of the space of the box body on one side of the water inlet is 5-10 times larger than that of the water inlet; the cross sectional area of the water inlet is 1.5 to 5 times larger than that of the box body space at one side of the water outlet; when the water level in the water inlet side box body is higher than the overflow partition plate, water flows to the water outlet side box body through a gap between the top of the overflow partition plate and the top of the box body, and finally flows out of the water filtering box through the water outlet.
When the mud level of mud-rock flow is higher than the water inlet of certain drainage case, this moment mud-rock flow carries out the prefilter by the grid after, and fine particle and mud enter into the box, but because the cross-sectional area of water inlet side box (buffering space) is greater than the cross-sectional area of water inlet, the mud velocity of motion that enters into the box descends, produces the effect of stewing, and the relative thick rock particle of part takes place to deposit, falls on the washing silt slope of bottom half, and the part is got back to in the mud-rock flow of slot through the water inlet. The mud water level of the box body on the water inlet side is gradually increased along with the increase of the mud level of the debris flow, when the mud water level is higher than the overflow partition plate, the mud (water) after standing and precipitating enters the water outlet side of the box body, and the cross section of the water inlet is larger than that of the box body on the water outlet side, so that the water pipe connected with the water outlet outside and the box body on the water outlet side are quickly filled, and the whole box body is close to a full-filling state. Because the water pipe connected outside the water outlet flows downwards to form a section of height difference, and the water pipe and the box body jointly form an airtight system, a negative pressure difference is formed under the action of gravity, a siphon effect is generated at the moment, and water in debris flow is sucked into the box body at an accelerated speed; at the moment, even if the mud level of the debris flow in the external groove is lower than the height of the overflow partition plate, the water in the debris flow can be continuously sucked by means of siphon action as long as the water level is higher than the water inlet.
Furthermore, a scouring slope is arranged on one side, located at the water inlet, of the box body, the scouring slope is inclined to the water inlet from the overflow partition plate, the height of the scouring slope is gradually reduced from the overflow partition plate to the water inlet, and sediment of debris flow in the water filtering tank can smoothly flow out of the water filtering tank in order to realize active dredging, so that the scouring slope is arranged in an inclined mode, and the dredging process is more convenient.
Further, the inclination of the erosion slope is 15-60 degrees.
Furthermore, the bottoms of the water inlet and the water outlet are flush with the bottom of the box body, and the flush function is to prevent residual water in the water filtering box; the water inlet outlet is provided with a grid. The purpose of the grating is to initially filter rock particles of excessive size from the debris flow.
Further, the box body can be made of durable engineering plastics, and a water inlet and a water outlet of the water filtering box are communicated, and the box body is sealed. The grid is in direct contact with the debris flow and therefore can be made of a tough material such as metal, plastic, fiber resin, etc.
Further, drainage system includes the drain pipe, drain pipe one end is connected with the strainer box, and feed pipe and drain pipe are connected respectively to the other end, feed pipe and drain pipe all reach the cistern, all set up the valve on drain pipe and the feed pipe, set up the feed pump on the feed pipe.
Further, because of the processes such as preliminary sedimentation, siphon with the help of the action of gravity, must vertically place when the drainage tank is installed, the upper and lower top surface level of drainage tank promptly, and inside overflow baffle is vertically placed. In order to increase the efficiency of absorbing and filtering the debris flow, the water filtering tanks are arranged up and down, a plurality of front and back rows are arranged in the side wall, and all the water filtering tanks are connected to a drainage system through respective water pipes.
The beneficial effects of the invention are that the water of the debris flow is absorbed by the pressurization-siphon action, and the solid particles are filtered by the standing precipitation action, thereby realizing the water-stone separation of the debris flow and reducing the blockage. Because the water and the stone are intercepted and discharged, the silting phenomenon can not occur. For the debris flow, after the water content is reduced after the debris flow passes through the device, the concentration of the debris flow is increased, the flow scale is reduced, the flow speed is reduced, the erosion effect is reduced, and finally the hazard of the debris flow is reduced or solved. Reduce the mobility and the size of scale of mud-rock flow, discharge silt stone, and to a certain extent recycle the water resource.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an active-passive debris flow water-stone separation-energy dissipation disaster reduction device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an apparatus A-A' for separating water and stone according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a water filter tank B-B' of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a water filter tank C-C' according to the present invention
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a water filter tank D-D' of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a drainage system of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the depth variation of a debris flow according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the change in the flow rate of a debris flow according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the flow rate variation of the debris flow according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the change in concentration of a debris flow according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the pressure change of debris flow against the bottom of a trench according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic side view of the water filter box of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a filter box F-F' of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a water filter tank E-E' of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is an overall schematic view of the water filter tank of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the water injection stage of the water filter tank of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of a siphon filtration stage of the water filtration tank of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of the reverse water injection and silt flushing stage of the water filtration tank of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a schematic view showing the state of the present invention in dealing with rare debris flow and torrential flood.
Description of the labeling: the device comprises a groove 1, an inlet section 2, a filtering section 3, an outlet section 4, a water filtering tank 5, a drainage system 6, a bottom protection 7, a retaining wall 8, a transverse support 9, a side wall 10, a tank body 11, a water inlet 12, a water outlet 13, an overflow baffle 14, a silt flushing slope 15, a grating 16, a drainage pipe 17, a water supply pipe 18, a water supply valve 19, a drainage valve 20, a water supply pump 21, a reservoir 22, backfill gravel 23 and a raw rock soil body 24.
Detailed Description
The examples are given for the purpose of better illustration of the invention, but the invention is not limited to the examples. Therefore, those skilled in the art should make insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the embodiments of the present invention in light of the above teachings and remain within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 6 and 12 to 15, the invention provides an active-passive debris flow water-stone separation-energy dissipation disaster reduction device, which comprises a groove 1 and a drainage system 6; the groove 1 comprises an inlet section 2, a filtering section 3 and an outlet section 4 which are connected in sequence; a water filtering tank 5 for separating water in the debris flow is arranged in the side wall 10 at the inner side of the filter section 3; and a drainage system 6 connected with the water filtering tank 5.
Further, a bottom protection 7 is arranged at the bottom of the groove 1, and retaining walls 8 are arranged on two sides of the groove 1; and the transverse support 9 is arranged between the left retaining wall 8 and the right retaining wall 8; the lateral wall 10 is laid on the inner side of the retaining wall, and the water filtering tank 5 is arranged in the lateral wall 10.
It should be noted that the width of the inlet section 2 of the groove 1 decreases from front to back, and the thickness of the sidewall 10 of the retaining wall 8 increases from front to back and the width increases; the width of the outlet section 4 of the groove 1 increases from front to back, and the thickness of the side wall 10 of the retaining wall 8 decreases from front to back and the width decreases.
Further, the water filtering tank 5 comprises a tank body 11, and a water inlet 12 and a water outlet 13 are arranged on the tank body 5; the overflow baffle plate 14 is vertically arranged in the box body 5, the box body 11 is divided into two parts by the overflow baffle plate 14, and a gap is reserved between the top of the overflow baffle plate 14 and the top of the box body 11; the water inlet 12 and the water outlet 13 are respectively arranged at two sides of the overflow clapboard 11, the box body 11 is divided into two parts by the overflow clapboard 14, and the cross sectional area of the space of the box body 11 at one side of the water inlet 12 is 5-10 times larger than that of the water inlet 112; the cross sectional area of the water inlet 12 is 1.5 to 5 times larger than that of the box body space at one side of the water outlet 13; the cross sectional area of the box body space at one side of the water outlet 13 is 2-6 times larger than that of the water outlet 13.
The bottom of the tank 11 on the side of the water inlet 12 is provided with a silt flushing slope 15, the silt flushing slope 15 is inclined towards the water inlet 12 from the overflow baffle 14, and the height of the silt flushing slope decreases from the overflow baffle 14 to the water inlet. The cutting slope of the erosion slope 15 is 15-60 degrees. The bottoms of the water inlet 12 and the water outlet 13 are flush with the bottom of the box body 11, and a grid 16 for blocking coarse-grained rocks in the debris flow is arranged at the water inlet 2. The box body 11 can be made of durable engineering plastics, and the water inlet 12 and the water outlet 13 of the water filter box 5 are communicated, and besides, the box body 11 is sealed. The grid 16 is in direct contact with the debris flow and therefore the grid 16 may be made of a tough material such as metal, plastic, fiber resin, etc. Drainage system 6 includes drain pipe 17, drain pipe 17 one end is connected with strainer 5, and the other end is connected water supply pipe 18 and drain pipe 17 respectively, water supply pipe 18 and drain pipe 17 all reach cistern 22, all set up the valve on drain pipe 17 and the water supply pipe 18, set up feed pump 21 on the water supply pipe 17. Because the work is finished by the action of gravity, the water filtering tank 5 must be vertically arranged when being installed, namely, the upper top surface and the lower top surface of the water filtering tank 5 are horizontal, and the internal overflow clapboard 14 is vertically arranged. In order to increase the efficiency of absorbing and filtering the debris flow, the water filtering tanks 5 are arranged in a plurality of rows in the side wall in a vertically laid mode, and all the water filtering tanks 5 are connected to a drainage system 6 through water pipes.
Further, the drainage system 6 comprises a drainage pipe 17, one end of the drainage pipe 17 is connected with the water filtering tank 5, the other end of the drainage pipe 17 is connected with a water supply pipe 18 and a drainage pipe 17 respectively, and the water supply pipe 18 and the drainage pipe 17 both reach the reservoir 22.
It should be noted that the drainage system 6 is located at the lower end of the water filter tank 5 to realize gravity flow; in order to improve the filtering effect and filtering efficiency of the debris flow in the device, the water filtering tanks 5 are arranged in a plurality of rows in the side wall 10 in the up-down direction.
The working principle and the process of the invention are as follows: when the debris flow disaster comes, the device is installed in debris flow gullies, and when the debris flow comes, the debris flow enters the device through the gullies and the inlet section 2. Since the width of the inducer 2 decreases from front to back, the width of the front opening of the inducer 2 is greater than the width of the back opening of the inducer 2, and when the debris flow comes, the debris flow is guided into the inducer 2 through the front opening of the inducer 2; the inlet end has larger width, so that the debris flow can enter more conveniently, and more debris flow can enter the opening section 2; furthermore, because the width of inducer 2 decreases from front to back, the thickness of sidewall 10 of inducer 2 increases from front to back.
When the mud-rock flow passes through inducer 2, because inducer 2 width is by preceding to the back degressive, and the high decline in ditch bottom, consequently, the thickness and the degree of depth of mud-rock flow increase gradually to increase the internal pressure of mud-rock flow, increased the mud-rock flow velocity of flow, all realized increasing ditch bottom and lateral wall pressure, realized the pressure boost.
When the pressurized debris flow enters the groove 1 of the filter section 3 after passing through the inlet section 2, the debris flow flows in the groove 1 formed by the channel side walls on the inner wall of the retaining wall, and the bottom protection bottom 7 at the bottom of the groove 1 still plays a role in protection. When the mud level of mud-rock flow is higher than the water inlet of certain drainage case, this moment mud-rock flow carries out the prefilter by the grid after, and fine particle and mud enter into the box, but because the buffer space internal cross-sectional area of water inlet side box is greater than the cross-sectional area of water inlet, the mud velocity of motion that enters into the box descends, produces the effect of stewing, and the relative thick rock particle of part takes place to deposit, falls on the washing silt slope 15 of bottom half, and the part is got back to in the mud-rock flow of slot 1 through water inlet 12. Along with the rise of the mud level of the mud-rock flow, the mud level of the box body 11 at the side of the water inlet 12 also gradually rises, when the mud level is higher than the overflow clapboard 14, the mud (water) after standing and precipitating enters the side of the water outlet 13 of the box body 11, and because the cross section of the water inlet 12 is larger than that of the box body 11 at the side of the water outlet 13, a water pipe connected with the outside of the water outlet 13 and the box body 11 at the side of the water outlet 13 are filled quickly, so that the whole. Because the water pipe connected outside the water outlet 13 circulates downwards to form a section of height difference and the water pipe and the box body 11 form an airtight system together, a negative pressure difference is formed under the action of gravity, a siphon effect is generated at the moment, and water in debris flow is sucked into the box body 11 at an accelerated speed; at this time, even if the mud level of the debris flow in the outer trench 1 is lower than the height of the overflow partition 14, the water in the debris flow can be continuously sucked by the siphon action as long as the mud level is higher than the water inlet 12.
Along with the flowing of the debris flow in the grooves 1 of the filtering section 3, water is continuously absorbed by the water filtering tanks 5 in the channel side walls 10, the concentration of the debris flow is gradually increased, the water content is gradually reduced, the total flow is also reduced, the width of the outlet section 4 is gradually increased from front to back, the thickness of the side walls 10 formed by the debris flow is gradually reduced, the depth of the grooves 1 is increased, the depth of the debris flow is reduced, the internal pressure is also reduced, the flow rate is rapidly reduced, but the debris flow with the filtered water can still flow out of the device because the device is obliquely installed.
After the debris flow disaster, the drainage system 6 opens the water supply valve 19, closes the drainage valve 19, opens the water supply pump 21, reversely presses a small amount of water in the reservoir 22 into the filter tank 5, flushes a part of rock particles remaining in the whole filter tank 5, and discharges the rock particles into the groove from the water inlet 12.
The working principle and the process of the water filtering box 5 are as follows: the filter tank 5 is secured to the side walls 10 of the channel and the inlet 12 is sealed between the side walls 10 of the channel 1, allowing water to enter only from the inlet grid 16. The water filtering tank 5 can play roles in precipitation and filtration, water siphoning, water drainage and sludge flushing. When the water filtering tank 5 in the working state encounters a debris flow, positive pressure is generated when the mud level of the debris flow in the groove 1 of the side wall 10 of the groove 1 is higher than the water level in the water filtering tank 5, so that water in the debris flow enters the water filtering tank 5 through the water inlet grille 16; when the water level in the slow space of the filter tank 5 is higher than the overflow partition 14, the water overflows the overflow partition 14 and flows into the overflow path, and sequentially flows into the water outlet 11 and the drain pipe 17 connected to the filter tank 5 as shown in fig. 6. When the water in the water drainage pipe 1 and the overflow channel is filled with a certain height difference, a pressure difference higher than the overflow partition 14 is formed under the action of gravity, and at the moment, a negative pressure difference is formed in the water filtering tank 5, so that a siphon action is formed, and the water absorption action of the water filtering tank 5 from the debris flow is further increased. The cross-sectional area and volume of the buffer space of the drainage tank 5 are much larger than those of the inlet 12, so that the water rapidly introduced into the buffer space through the inlet 12 is immediately decelerated and the movement becomes gentle, and at this time, relatively large coarse particles are settled by gravity due to the reduction of the kinetic energy of the flow, as shown in fig. 16 and 17. Only the slurry containing fine particles can flow out of the water filter tank 5 through the overflow partition 14. The settled coarse particles slide down or settle on the scouring slope 15, and part of the coarse particles return to the debris flow and part of the coarse particles remain. And the remained coarse particles are manually washed to remove the silt after the disaster, as shown in fig. 18. As shown in fig. 6 and 18, the drainage valve 20 of the reservoir 22 is closed, the water supply valve 19 and the water supply pump 21 are opened, the standing water in the reservoir 22 enters the water filtering tank 5 through the water supply and drainage pipe 17, passes through the overflow partition 17, and flushes coarse particles on the silt flushing slope 15 to be discharged to the outside of the water filtering barrel to finish desilting, thereby ensuring the function of the next disaster. Fig. 16-18 demonstrate the working process of the water filter tank 5: enter into in the middle of the water filter box 5 through water inlet 12 mud-rock flow, and in the middle of the process that gets into water filter box 5, there is grid 16 that metal material made to carry out the prefiltering, separate the large granule stone, and then the prefiltering has reached and has eliminated partial abrasive force, and then the mud-rock flow that has the tiny granule gets into water filter box 5 when, deposit in the middle of water filter box 5, because set up overflow baffle 14 in the middle of water filter box 5, and then sufficient filter space has been had, can not produce the mud-rock flow and from entering into in the middle of water filter box 5, do not carry out abundant filtration and directly flow to delivery port 13.
When the debris flow is in the buffer space, as shown in fig. 5, the small particle stones rock entering the filter box 5 together with the debris flow settle down on the sloping flushing slope 15, and part of the settled particles actively flow out of the filter box through the slope of the flushing slope 15 and part of the settled particles stagnate on the flushing slope 15 in the filter box. When the debris flow continuously enters the filter tank 5, the filtered water level continuously rises, when the water level rises to be higher than the overflow baffle 14, the filtered water flows to the water outlet 13 through the gap, the drain pipe 17 is connected to the water outlet 13 of the filter tank 5, and therefore the filtered water flows to the drainage system 6
As shown in fig. 6, the working principle of the drainage system of the present invention is as follows: after the water filtering tank 5 finishes working, the filtered water rushes out the water outlet 13 and enters into the drainage system 6 through the drain pipe 17, because the whole structure of the drainage system 6 is from the bottom, therefore, the drainage system 6 needs to work when needed, the drain valve 20 is opened (the outbreak of the debris flow has certain randomness, the system should be in a drainage state for a long time, namely, the drain valve is opened for a long time, the water supply valve is closed for a long time), through increasing the siphon action, the filtered water comes out from the water filtering tank, flows to the middle of the reservoir 22 through the drain pipe 17 by gravity flow, and continues to stand for a long time in the middle of the. After the process of the debris flow disaster is finished and the water filtering tank 5 finishes filtering, part of small-particle sediment stones 30764 are adsorbed on the erosion slope 15 and can be cleaned if necessary, so that the later-period use performance is good. The cleaning process is that the water supply valve 19 is opened, the drain valve 20 is closed, the water supply pump 21 is started, and the water after standing and precipitating in the reservoir 22 is reversely (as shown in figure 7) pressed to the filter box 5 by the water supply pump 21 through the water supply pipe 18 for cleaning; flushing is facilitated because the flushing ramp 15 in the filter box 5 is arranged obliquely. The cleaning process is manually controlled and is carried out during the period without debris flow disasters, after the cleaning work is finished, the water supply valve 19 is closed, and the drain valve 20 is opened, so that the system is in a standby state.
The mud-rock flow behavior space change rule when the device shown in fig. 7-11 works: (a) when entering the inlet section, the debris flow moves forwards, the depth of the debris flow is continuously increased under the extrusion of the side wall of the channel, the flow speed is increased, the pressure on the bottom of the groove 1 is increased, and the integral flow and the concentration of the debris flow at the stage are not changed; (b) along with the movement of the debris flow in the filtering section, more and more water (slurry) is filtered, so that the flow of the debris flow is reduced, the depth is reduced, the flow speed is reduced to a certain extent, the pressure on the bottom of the ditch is reduced, and the concentration of the debris flow is increased; (c) when the debris flow enters the outlet stage, the extrusion effect of the side wall of the channel is reduced, the depth of the debris flow is reduced to be smaller than that of the inlet, the flow speed is lower than that of the inlet, the flow is reduced, the concentration is increased, and the pressure on the bottom of the groove is lower than that of the inlet section. The impact force and the abrasion force of the debris flow are effectively reduced. If the natural groove of the debris flow outside the status exit has a wide width and a low slope, the debris flow may stop moving and the disaster occurrence process may be terminated.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 19, for the higher mud-rock flow of water content, like rarity mud-rock flow and torrential flood, because the viscidity itself is lower, the velocity of flow is faster, in order to effectively reduce the water content, need longer filter segment and action time, consequently, to the prevention and cure of rarity mud-rock flow and torrential flood calamity, a prevent stifled formula mud-rock flow water stone separator's drainage section 3 sets up to curved line shape, has increased the flow resistance, has reduced the velocity of flow of rarity mud-rock flow, has also increased the length of drainage section simultaneously. Compared with the embodiment 1, the embodiment only changes the filter segment of the groove 1, and the rest characteristics and the working principle are not changed.
Similarly, if necessary, a plurality of devices can be arranged for the large frequent-type debris flow gully, so that disasters can be more effectively treated. The water intercepted and stored in the reservoir can be used for agricultural irrigation and the like, and for areas with rich water quantity and stability, water resources can be additionally processed for other purposes.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An active-passive debris flow water-stone separation-energy dissipation disaster reduction device comprises a groove (1) and a drainage system (6), and is characterized in that: the groove (1) comprises an inlet section (2), a filtering section (3) and an outlet section (4) which are connected in sequence; a plurality of water filtering tanks (5) for separating water in debris flow are arranged on the side wall (10) of the channel in the filtering section (3); also comprises a drainage system (6) connected with the water filtering tank (5).
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: a bottom protection (7) is arranged at the bottom of the groove (1), and retaining walls (8) are arranged on two sides of the groove (1); a transverse support (9) is arranged between the left retaining wall and the right retaining wall (8); lateral wall (10) have been laid to barricade (8) inboard, strainer tank (5) set up in lateral wall (10).
3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the inlet section (2) of the channel (1) decreases from front to back and the width of the outlet section increases from front to back.
4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the water filter tank (5) comprises a tank body (11), the tank body (11) being provided with a water inlet (12) and a water outlet (13); the overflow device is characterized by further comprising an overflow clapboard (14) vertically arranged in the box body (11), wherein the overflow clapboard (14) divides the box body (11) into two communicated spaces, and a gap is reserved between the top of the overflow clapboard (14) and the top of the box body (11); the water inlet (12) and the water outlet (13) are respectively arranged at two sides of the overflow baffle (11), and the cross sectional area of the space of the box body (11) at one side of the water inlet (12) is larger than that of the water inlet (12); the cross sectional area of the water inlet (12) is larger than that of the space of the box body (11) on one side of the water outlet (13); the cross sectional area of the space of the box body (11) at one side of the water outlet (13) is larger than that of the water outlet (13).
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein: a silt flushing slope (15) is arranged on one side of the water inlet (12) in the box body (11), the silt flushing slope (16) starts from the overflow partition plate (14) and inclines towards the water inlet (12), and the height of the silt flushing slope decreases from the overflow partition plate (14) to the water inlet (12).
6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the inclination of the erosion ramp (16) is 15-60 °.
7. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the bottoms of the water inlet (12) and the water outlet (13) are flush with the bottom of the box body (11), and a grid (16) is arranged at the position of the water inlet (12).
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein: the box body (11) is made of engineering plastics, and the grating (16) is made of metal materials.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the drainage system (6) comprises a water supply and drainage pipe (16), one end of the water supply and drainage pipe (16) is connected with the water filtering tank (5), and the other end of the water supply and drainage pipe (16) is respectively connected with a water supply pipe (18) and a drainage pipe (17); the water supply pipe (18) and the water discharge pipe (17) both reach the water storage tank (22).
10. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the water filter boxes (5) are arranged in several rows in the side wall (10) in the up-down direction.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114639221A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-06-17 | 广东省东莞地质工程勘察院有限公司 | Geological disaster investigation information intelligent acquisition method |
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