CN112812745A - Green biodegradable composite dust suppressant and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a green biodegradable composite dust suppressant and a preparation method thereof, belongs to the technical field of biological environment-friendly dust suppressants, and relates to application of a compounded biological active agent in the field of dust removal to replace a traditional chemical surfactant. The biodegradable dust suppressant has the advantages of strong adhesion, low production cost and simple production flow of the glycolipid biosurfactant, is combined with the lipopeptide biosurfactant with strong wetting property and strong activity on the surface of coal, makes up the advantages of the two biosurfactants, reduces the production difficulty and cost on the basis of the green environment-friendly dust suppression idea, and is beneficial to wide application in coal mines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological environment-friendly dedusting agents, and particularly relates to a green biodegradable composite dust suppressant and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Coal dust is a necessary product in mine production work, and accumulation of a large amount of coal dust can seriously harm the occupational health of underground workers, cause occupational diseases such as pneumoconiosis and the like, and even can cause major dangerous accidents of dust explosion, so that coal mine dust fall is the key point of underground work. Common treatment modes of large coal mines include ventilation dust removal, spray dust removal, foam dust removal, dust removal equipment dust removal and the like, wherein the ventilation dust removal has wide applicability, but dust in coal mine roadways is difficult to eliminate; the spraying dust fall is the dust removal mode that has received favor more in recent years, and the spraying range is big, uses manpower sparingly, and the material resources also can effectual solution float dirt problem in the air, but the dust collection efficiency of water spray is still lower, also can consume a large amount of water resources, is not fit for water resource deficient area. The foam bath dust removal has certain disadvantages, such as too high cost of foaming agent, obstruction of workers' sight by foam covering dust sources, and the like.
At present, in a plurality of fields including coal mines, relevant researchers have focused on the field of biological surfactants, and the biological surfactants have the common characteristics of emulsifying, solubilizing, foaming, wetting, surface tension reducing and the like, and also have the advantages of non-toxicity, biodegradability and higher surface activity compared with chemical surfactants, so that the biological surfactants are widely applied to the fields of petroleum, chemical engineering, food and the like.
In the field of coal mines, there have been reports about dust suppression by using lipopeptide biosurfactants, for example, Surfactin is used as a main material to synthesize a biostatic agent, and research results show that the biostatic agent has a very strong activity on the coal surface, can also effectively reduce the surface tension of a liquid interface, and is an environment-friendly and non-toxic substitute compared with a chemical surfactant. Therefore, a more suitable dust suppressant is found, the dust suppression effect is further improved, and the method becomes a more complex and difficult scientific research task.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: aiming at the problems that the traditional dust remover has low dust removal efficiency and consumes water resources, and lipopeptide biosurfactant has complex synthesis, high cost and high requirement on storage conditions, a green biodegradable composite dust suppressant and a preparation method thereof are provided.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a green biodegradable composite dust suppressant comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
0.15 part of glycolipid biosurfactant, 0.015-0.1 part of lipopeptide biosurfactant, 0.3 part of thickener sodium alginate, 0.4 part of neutral inorganic salt NaCl, 99.05-99.135 parts of purified water and 0.1 part of NaOH solution or HCl solution with the pH value of 6-8.
As a further scheme of the invention: the green biodegradable composite dust suppressant takes glycolipid biosurfactant lactone type sophorolipid, rhamnolipid and lipopeptide biosurfactant Surfactin as main reagents, sodium alginate and NaCl as auxiliary reagents, wherein the mass part ratio coefficient of the sophorolipid to the rhamnolipid is 2: 8-4: 6, accounting for 0.15 of the total weight of the dust suppressant, and 0.02-0.04 of Surfactin accounting for the total weight of the dust suppressant, wherein the main reagent is formed by compounding the three surfactants.
As a further scheme of the invention: the thickening agent in the auxiliary reagent can be one of hydroxyethyl cellulose and sodium alginate, and the thickening agent is preferably sodium alginate.
As a further scheme of the invention: the glycolipid biosurfactant is sophorolipid and rhamnolipid, the lipopeptide biosurfactant is Surfactin, wherein the lactone sophorolipid belongs to a nonionic surfactant, the rhamnolipid is an anionic surfactant, a mixed micelle can be formed when nonionic surfactant molecules and anionic surfactant molecules are compounded, the two molecules are mutually nested, so that the electrostatic repulsion between hydrophilic groups of the anionic molecules can be reduced, the charge repulsion between the rhamnolipid molecules can be reduced by adding the sophorolipid, the formed micelle is more compact, and the interface tension can be reduced to a greater extent.
As a further scheme of the invention: the auxiliary reagent that contains is neutral inorganic salt sodium chloride (NaCl), is synergist, 0.4 of shared part by weight, and rhamnolipid belongs to anionic surfactant, adds the wettability that the improvement solution that proper amount inorganic salt can to a great extent in anionic surfactant, can improve the ionization characteristic of mixture, adds neutral inorganic salt solution as auxiliary reagent, and the supplementary wetting property that improves compound dust suppressant also can play the actual effect of reduce cost.
A preparation method of a green biodegradable composite dust suppressant comprises the following preparation steps:
s1: glycolipid-making composite biosurfactant: adding about 80ml of purified water into a reagent bottle with the volume of 100ml, adding a proper amount of dilute hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide solution until the pH value is stabilized between 6 and 8, adding lactone sophorolipid and rhamnolipid according to the mass percent, placing the mixture in a constant-temperature oscillation box, fully mixing and oscillating for 2 hours, taking out the mixture, and cooling to the normal temperature.
S2: preparing glycolipid-lipopeptide ternary biosurfactant: adding the lipopeptide biosurfactant Surfactin with different mass fractions into the reagent bottle in the step S1 according to the proportion, fully mixing and oscillating for 2h, taking out and cooling to the normal temperature.
S3: mixing materials: and adding neutral inorganic salt NaCl and thickener sodium alginate into each group of reagent bottles obtained in S2, oscillating for 1h, taking out in a sealed state, cooling to room temperature, and after the foam on the surface of the solution is eliminated, continuously injecting purified water to 100ml of scale mark at the rubber plug by using an injector to obtain the dust suppressant.
As a further scheme of the invention: the constant temperature oscillation boxes in the S1, the S2 and the S3 are all set to have the temperature of 30 ℃, the pressure of 0.8MPa and the rotating speed of 120 r/min.
As a further scheme of the invention: the mass ratio of Surfactin to glycolipid biosurfactant in S2 is 1: (10-15).
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention takes glycolipid biosurfactant and lipopeptide biosurfactant as main reagents, and sodium alginate as a thickening agent and a neutral inorganic salt sodium chloride solution as a synergist are compounded to obtain the biodegradable dust suppressant, and no relevant report about research on compounding the glycolipid biosurfactant and the lipopeptide biosurfactant exists at present.
2. The sophorolipid and rhamnolipid are mixed to serve as main reagents of a green biodegradable composite dust suppressant compound solution, so that the interfacial tension is reduced to a greater extent, wherein the sophorolipid is a nonionic surfactant, the rhamnolipid is an anionic surfactant, mixed micelles can be formed when sophorose molecules and rhamnolipid molecules are compounded, the two molecules are mutually nested, so that the electrostatic repulsion between hydrophilic groups of the anionic molecules can be reduced, and the charge repulsion between rhamnolipid molecules can be weakened by adding the sophorolipid, so that the formed micelles are more compact.
3. According to the invention, Surfactin is used as a main reagent of the green biodegradable composite dust suppressant, so that the activity and the wettability are improved, experimental research and related result comparison are carried out on the ratio coefficient of two glycolipid surfactants, the ratio proportion with relatively stable effect and relatively excellent performance is obtained through a surface tension experiment, and on the basis, the Surfactin is compounded with Surfactin solutions with different concentrations respectively to carry out wettability experiment test, so that the wetting capacity and the relative adsorption capacity of the compounded dust suppressant are improved.
4. The synergist used in the green biodegradable composite dust suppressant contains neutral inorganic salt sodium chloride solution, so that the wettability of the synergist is improved to a greater extent, and under the condition of using a small amount of Surfactin and reducing the cost, sodium chloride is added to assist in improving the wettability of the composite dust suppressant.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of the dust suppressant of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged comparative graph showing the change in the content of the hydroxyl functional group according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present patent will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying fig. 1-2.
A green biodegradable composite dust suppressant and a preparation method thereof comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight:
0.15 part of glycolipid biosurfactant, 0.015-0.1 part of lipopeptide biosurfactant, 0.3 part of thickener sodium alginate, 0.4 part of neutral inorganic salt NaCl, 99.05-99.135 parts of purified water and 0.1 part of NaOH solution or HCl solution with the pH value of 6-8.
The reagent materials selected: glycolipid biosurfactant, lipopeptide biosurfactant, sodium alginate and neutral inorganic salt sodium chloride.
Selected main material biosurfactant: the lactone-type sophorolipid, rhamnolipid and glycolipid biosurfactant take sugar as a hydrophilic group and take an alkyl part of fatty acid or hydroxy fatty acid as a lipophilic group, has multiple purposes of decontamination, emulsification, dispersion and wetting, has lower production cost and simpler production flow, and is used as a main material in a dust suppressant compound solution.
Selected lipopeptide biosurfactant: the Surfactin has a critical micelle concentration lower than that of most biosurfactants, is only 23mg/L in pure water, has strong activity on the surface of coal, and has stronger wettability than that of glycolipid biosurfactants, but has higher requirements on production process conditions, higher production cost and difficulty in mass production and use, so the Surfactin is used as an auxiliary material to assist in improving the wettability and the surface activity of a dedusting agent.
Selected neutral inorganic salts: the rhamnolipid in the main material of the compound solution belongs to an anionic surfactant, the wettability of the solution can be improved to a great extent by adding a proper amount of inorganic salt in the anionic surfactant, and the sodium silicate has the synergistic effect larger than that of sodium sulfate and strong applicability.
The selected experimental water: purified water.
The selected experimental instrument: a surface tension tester, a contact angle tester, a plurality of 100ml experimental reagent bottles, a plurality of medical disposable syringes, a medicine spoon, an electronic balance, a micropipette and a beaker.
The proportioning coefficient of the biological surface activity of the two glycolipids is obtained by analyzing the content change of functional groups of a plurality of groups of anthracite coal samples of 200 meshes treated by the reagent in different proportions through Fourier infrared spectroscopy, the total mass fraction of the glycolipid biological surfactant is set to be 0.15, wherein m represents the mass fraction of one of the surfactants accounting for the main material, nine groups of m is adjusted to be 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9, and the proportioning coefficient of the sophorolipid and the rhamnolipid in the green biodegradable composite dust suppressant is determined according to spectrum analysis and a group of experiments in which the hydroxyl content of hydrophilic functional groups on the coal surface is increased most.
Step 1: preparing glycolipid composite biosurfactant, taking a 100ml culture bottle as an experimental container, adding 80ml purified water, setting the total amount of the glycolipid biosurfactant to be 0.15ml, wherein m represents the mass fraction of lactonic sophorolipid in the glycolipid composite biosurfactant, adjusting m to be 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9, and fully oscillating for 2 hours in a constant temperature oscillation box at the temperature of 30 ℃ and the pressure of 0.8 Mpa.
Step 2: preparing glycolipid-lipopeptide ternary biosurfactant, adding the set Surfactin with different mass fractions into the experimental container in the step 1, keeping the temperature at 30 ℃ and the pressure at 0.8Mpa for nine groups, and putting the experimental container into a constant-temperature oscillation box to oscillate for 2 hours.
And step 3: mixing materials: and (3) adding neutral inorganic salt NaCl and thickener sodium alginate into each group of reagent bottles obtained in the step (2), oscillating for 1h, taking out in a closed state, cooling to room temperature, and after the foam on the surface of the solution is eliminated, continuously injecting purified water to 100ml of scale lines at the rubber plug by using an injector to obtain the dust suppressant.
The constant temperature oscillation boxes in the steps 1, 2 and 3 are all set to have the temperature of 30 ℃, the pressure of 0.8MPa and the rotating speed of 120 r/min.
The mass ratio of the Surfactin to the glycolipid biosurfactant is 1: (10-15).
The glycolipid biosurfactant is sophorolipid and rhamnolipid, the lipopeptide biosurfactant is Surfactin, wherein, the lactone-type sophorolipid belongs to nonionic surfactant, the rhamnolipid is anionic surfactant, mixed micelle can be formed when nonionic surfactant molecules and anionic surfactant molecules are compounded, the two molecules are mutually nested, so that electrostatic repulsion between hydrophilic groups of the anionic molecules can be reduced, the charge repulsion between the rhamnolipid molecules can be weakened by adding the sophorolipid, so that the formed micelle is more compact, the interfacial tension can be reduced to a greater extent, and the surface tension of the dust suppressant can be obviously reduced relative to purified water by an interfacial tension tester, as shown in the following table:
the invention is further developed with reference to the following examples:
example 1
The composition and the mass content (wt%) of each component of the green biodegradable composite dust suppressant of the embodiment are as follows:
the glycolipid biosurfactant is selected from 0.03 percent of non-ionic surfactant lactone sophorolipid and 0.12 percent of anionic surfactant rhamnolipid; the lipopeptide biosurfactant is 0.015 percent of Surfactin solution; the thickening agent is 0.3 percent of sodium alginate; the synergist is 0.4% of neutral inorganic salt NaCl; the balance being purified water.
The preparation method comprises the following specific steps: firstly, adding a sophorose lipid solution and a rhamnolipid solution into a 100ml experiment reagent bottle according to a proportioning coefficient, keeping the pressure at 0.8Mpa and the temperature at 30 ℃, oscillating for 2h in a constant-temperature oscillation box at 120r/min, and fully mixing; then taking out and adding 0.015g of the lipopeptide biosurfactant Surfactin, keeping the pressure at 0.8Mpa and the temperature at 30 ℃ for 2h in a constant-temperature oscillation box at 120r/min, and fully mixing; taking out, adding 0.3g of sodium alginate and 0.4g of neutral inorganic salt NaCl, keeping the pressure at 0.8Mpa and the temperature at 30 ℃ for 1h in a constant-temperature oscillation box with the speed of 120r/min, taking out, and placing in a room for 24h to obtain the green biodegradable composite dust suppressant A at normal temperature and normal pressure.
Example 2
The composition and the mass content (wt%) of each component of the novel green biodegradable composite dust suppressant of the embodiment are as follows:
the glycolipid biosurfactant is selected from 0.045% of lactone type sophorolipid as a nonionic surfactant and 0.105% of rhamnolipid as an anionic surfactant; the lipopeptide biosurfactant is 0.02 percent of Surfactin solution; the thickening agent is 0.3 percent of sodium alginate; the synergist is 0.4% of neutral inorganic salt NaCl; the balance being purified water.
The preparation method comprises the following specific steps: firstly, adding a sophorose lipid solution and a rhamnolipid solution into a 100ml experiment reagent bottle according to a proportioning coefficient, keeping the pressure at 0.8Mpa and the temperature at 30 ℃, oscillating for 2h in a constant-temperature oscillation box at 120r/min, and fully mixing; then taking out and adding 0.02g of lipopeptide biosurfactant Surfactin, keeping the pressure at 0.8Mpa and the temperature at 30 ℃, oscillating for 2h in a constant temperature oscillation box at 120r/min, and fully mixing; taking out, adding 0.3g of sodium alginate and 0.4g of neutral inorganic salt NaCl, keeping the pressure at 0.8Mpa and the temperature at 30 ℃ for 1h in a constant-temperature oscillation box at 120r/min, taking out and placing in a room for 24h to obtain the novel green biodegradable composite dust suppressant B at normal temperature and normal pressure.
Example 3
The composition and the mass content (wt%) of each component of the novel green biodegradable composite dust suppressant of the embodiment are as follows:
the glycolipid composite biosurfactant is selected from 0.06 percent of non-ionic surfactant lactone sophorolipid and 0.09 percent of anionic surfactant rhamnolipid; the content of the lipopeptide biosurfactant Surfactin is 0.04 percent; 0.3% of sodium alginate as a thickening agent and 0.4% of NaCl solution as a synergist; the balance being purified water.
The preparation method comprises the following specific steps: firstly, adding lactone type sophorose lipid solution and rhamnolipid solution into a 100ml experiment reagent bottle according to a proportioning coefficient, keeping the pressure at 0.8Mpa, the temperature at 30 ℃, oscillating in a constant temperature oscillation box at 120r/min for 2h, and fully mixing; then taking out and adding 0.04g of the lipopeptide biosurfactant Surfactin, keeping the pressure at 0.8Mpa and the temperature at 30 ℃, oscillating in a constant temperature oscillation box at 120r/min for 2h, and fully mixing; and taking out, adding 0.3g of sodium alginate and 0.4g of neutral inorganic salt NaCl, keeping the pressure at 0.8Mpa and the temperature at 30 ℃ for 1h in a constant-temperature oscillation box at 120r/min, taking out, and placing in a room for 24h to obtain the novel biodegradable composite dust suppressant C at normal temperature and normal pressure.
The dust suppressant prepared in examples 1 to 3 was added to 40ml of a beaker, 0.1g of anthracite coal sample was weighed and uniformly sprayed on the liquid surface, the comparative example was 40ml of purified water, the wetting time of each group of coal samples was recorded, and the coal dust settling rate was calculated under the single-factor condition as follows:
as can be seen from the results in the table, the dust suppressant prepared in example 2 has the best wetting ability for anthracite dust of 200 mesh.
The biodegradable dust suppressant is obtained by compounding the glycolipid biosurfactant and the lipopeptide biosurfactant serving as main reagents and the sodium alginate thickening agent and the neutral inorganic salt sodium chloride solution serving as a synergist, and no relevant report about research on compounding the glycolipid biosurfactant and the lipopeptide biosurfactant exists at present.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present patent have been described in detail, the present patent is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present patent within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. A green biodegradable composite dust suppressant is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
0.15 part of glycolipid biosurfactant, 0.015-0.1 part of lipopeptide biosurfactant, 0.3 part of thickener sodium alginate, 0.4 part of neutral inorganic salt NaCl, 99.05-99.135 parts of purified water and 0.1 part of NaOH solution or HCl solution with the pH value of 6-8.
2. The green biodegradable composite dust suppressant according to claim 1, wherein: the green biodegradable composite dust suppressant takes glycolipid biosurfactant lactone type sophorolipid, rhamnolipid and lipopeptide biosurfactant Surfactin as main reagents, sodium alginate and NaCl as auxiliary reagents, wherein the mass part ratio coefficient of the sophorolipid to the rhamnolipid is 2: 8-4: 6, accounting for 0.15 of the total weight of the dust suppressant, and 0.02-0.04 of Surfactin accounting for the total weight of the dust suppressant, wherein the main reagent is formed by compounding the three surfactants.
3. The green biodegradable composite dust suppressant according to claim 2, wherein: the thickening agent in the auxiliary reagent can be one of hydroxyethyl cellulose and sodium alginate, and the thickening agent is preferably sodium alginate.
4. The green biodegradable composite dust suppressant according to claim 2, wherein: the glycolipid biosurfactant is sophorolipid and rhamnolipid, the lipopeptide biosurfactant is Surfactin, wherein the lactone sophorolipid belongs to a nonionic surfactant, the rhamnolipid is an anionic surfactant, a mixed micelle can be formed when nonionic surfactant molecules and anionic surfactant molecules are compounded, the two molecules are mutually nested, so that the electrostatic repulsion between hydrophilic groups of the anionic molecules can be reduced, the charge repulsion between the rhamnolipid molecules can be reduced by adding the sophorolipid, the formed micelle is more compact, and the interface tension can be reduced to a greater extent.
5. The green biodegradable composite dust suppressant according to claim 2, wherein: the auxiliary reagent that contains is neutral inorganic salt sodium chloride (NaCl), is synergist, 0.4 of shared part by weight, and rhamnolipid belongs to anionic surfactant, adds the wettability that the improvement solution that proper amount inorganic salt can to a great extent in anionic surfactant, can improve the ionization characteristic of mixture, adds neutral inorganic salt solution as auxiliary reagent, and the supplementary wetting property that improves compound dust suppressant also can play the actual effect of reduce cost.
6. A method for preparing a green biodegradable composite dust suppressant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the preparation method of the dust suppressant comprises the following preparation steps:
s1: glycolipid-making composite biosurfactant: adding about 80ml of purified water into a reagent bottle with the volume of 100ml, adding a proper amount of dilute hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide solution until the pH value is stabilized between 6 and 8, adding lactone sophorolipid and rhamnolipid according to the mass percent, placing the mixture in a constant-temperature oscillation box, fully mixing and oscillating for 2 hours, taking out the mixture, and cooling to the normal temperature;
s2: preparing glycolipid-lipopeptide ternary biosurfactant: adding the lipopeptide biosurfactant Surfactin with different mass fractions into the reagent bottle in the step S1 according to the proportion, fully mixing and oscillating for 2h, taking out and cooling to normal temperature;
s3: mixing materials: and adding neutral inorganic salt NaCl and thickener sodium alginate into each group of reagent bottles obtained in S2, oscillating for 1h, taking out in a sealed state, cooling to room temperature, and after the foam on the surface of the solution is eliminated, continuously injecting purified water to 100ml of scale mark at the rubber plug by using an injector to obtain the dust suppressant.
7. The preparation method of the green biodegradable composite dust suppressant according to claim 6, wherein: the constant temperature oscillation boxes in the S1, the S2 and the S3 are all set to have the temperature of 30 ℃, the pressure of 0.8MPa and the rotating speed of 120 r/min.
8. The preparation method of the green biodegradable composite dust suppressant according to claim 6, wherein: the mass ratio of Surfactin to glycolipid biosurfactant in S2 is 1: (10-15).
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| CN114806507A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-07-29 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Environment-friendly dust suppressant and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114958305A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-08-30 | 广州市番禺环境科学研究所有限公司 | Dedusting agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN115851232A (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-03-28 | 中煤科工集团沈阳研究院有限公司 | Environment-friendly high-wettability dust suppressant and preparation method thereof |
| WO2023114781A1 (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2023-06-22 | Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona | Dust suppressant composition comprising glycolipid |
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| WO2023114781A1 (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2023-06-22 | Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona | Dust suppressant composition comprising glycolipid |
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