CN112811763A - Electroplating sludge treatment method - Google Patents

Electroplating sludge treatment method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112811763A
CN112811763A CN202011608061.8A CN202011608061A CN112811763A CN 112811763 A CN112811763 A CN 112811763A CN 202011608061 A CN202011608061 A CN 202011608061A CN 112811763 A CN112811763 A CN 112811763A
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electroplating sludge
sludge
treatment method
electroplating
blocky
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CN202011608061.8A
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CN112811763B (en
Inventor
宁小飞
董乔红
彭小琦
刘锦红
袁炳发
吉康宁
马密林
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Jiangxi Teamgo Eco Advance Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/18—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by thermal conditioning
    • C02F11/20—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by thermal conditioning by freezing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
    • C02F11/143—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using inorganic substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/005—Preliminary treatment of scrap
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
    • C22B1/243—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders inorganic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/001—Dry processes
    • C22B7/003—Dry processes only remelting, e.g. of chips, borings, turnings; apparatus used therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/16—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from metallurgical processes, i.e. from the production, refining or treatment of metals, e.g. galvanic wastes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an electroplating sludge treatment method, which comprises the following steps: step 1: controlling the water content of the electroplating sludge to be 25-30% in an extrusion mode; step 2: mixing the electroplating sludge, the activated carbon and the inorganic adhesive in the step 1 and extruding into blocks; and step 3: quickly freezing the blocky sludge obtained in the step 2 by adopting liquid nitrogen; and 4, step 4: gasifying water in the quick-frozen blocky sludge in a vacuum environment to obtain a porous blocky body; and 5: the massive bodies are used as sewage adsorbents to adsorb heavy metals and organic matters in the sewage; step 6: ball-milling and crushing the block processed in the step 5 to obtain granules; and 7: and smelting the granular material at 1300 +/-100 ℃ to obtain a melt and furnace slag. The invention can obtain the recycled metal by smelting the electroplating sludge in blocks, and part of the slag can be recycled to the sludge block making process. The invention belongs to the technical field of waste environment-friendly treatment.

Description

Electroplating sludge treatment method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of waste environment-friendly treatment, and particularly relates to a method for treating electroplating sludge.
Background
The common treatment method for electroplating sludge is a landfill method, wherein electroplating sludge is made into a large block and then is buried. In another method, the electroplating sludge is smelted to obtain metal melt and slag.
Different methods for treating and disposing the electroplating sludge with different properties are adopted, and the methods have the advantages and the disadvantages and are selected according to actual conditions. For the electroplating sludge with higher organic matter content, because the heat released during combustion is higher, the harm of organic matters can be eliminated by adopting an incineration method, and the energy generated by the sludge and the incinerated ash can be recycled in the incineration process, so that the sludge is recycled to the greatest extent, and the sludge is changed into valuables.
For sludge with less organic matter content, useful metals in the sludge can be recovered by adopting a wet leaching process after mechanical dehydration, and residues after leaching are subjected to modification treatment such as fly ash and mineralized refuse and then subjected to landfill treatment. By adopting any method, the effective treatment and proper disposal of the electroplating sludge can be realized finally. In recent years, the treatment and disposal of sludge generated in the electroplating industry have been the key points of domestic and foreign research. A number of research institutes have conducted a great deal of research on this, but these technologies are currently used only to a small extent in industrial practice.
At present, the solidification treatment is the most main treatment mode of the electroplating sludge in China, and a more environment-friendly and effective incineration method is adopted in developed countries for treatment. With the increasingly strict environmental requirements, the recycling of electroplating sludge is bound to become the main treatment mode of electroplating sludge, but still faces the problems of low purity of the recovered metal, complex recycling process, high treatment cost, no mature process technology and the like. The recovered waste residue can be modified by materials such as fly ash and the like and then is subjected to landfill disposal. In the long term in the future, how to solve the above problems in recycling of electroplating sludge and dispose the recycled waste residue more thoroughly and effectively remains the key and main direction of research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an electroplating sludge treatment method, which can be used for preparing electroplating sludge blocks and forming a porous structure, adsorbing organic matters and heavy metals in other sewage, particularly electroplating sewage, smelting to obtain recycled metals, recycling part of slag to a sludge block preparation process, simultaneously, having an adsorption function in step 5 of activated carbon for preparing sludge blocks, and being used as a reducing agent in step 7, wherein the whole process is simple and efficient.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electroplating sludge treatment method comprising the steps of:
step 1: controlling the water content of the electroplating sludge to be 25-30% in an extrusion mode;
step 2: mixing the electroplating sludge, the activated carbon and the inorganic adhesive in the step 1 and extruding into blocks;
and step 3: quickly freezing the blocky sludge obtained in the step 2 by adopting liquid nitrogen;
and 4, step 4: gasifying water in the quick-frozen blocky sludge in a vacuum environment to obtain a porous blocky body;
and 5: the massive bodies are used as sewage adsorbents to adsorb heavy metals and organic matters in the sewage;
step 6: ball-milling and crushing the block processed in the step 5 to obtain granules;
and 7: and smelting the granular material at 1300 +/-100 ℃ to obtain a melt and furnace slag.
In the above-mentioned method for treating electroplating sludge, the inorganic binder is a powder obtained by grinding cement or the slag of step 7.
In the electroplating sludge treatment method, the weight ratio of the electroplating sludge, the activated carbon and the inorganic adhesive in the step 2 is 50-60:5-10: 30-45.
In the electroplating sludge treatment method, in the step 2, after the block is extruded, the block sludge is cured for 5 to 10 hours at normal temperature.
In the electroplating sludge treatment method, in the step 3, the central temperature of the blocky sludge subjected to liquid nitrogen quick-freezing treatment is lower than-60 ℃.
In the above electroplating sludge treatment method, in the step 4, the vacuum environment is an absolute pressure lower than 50Pa, and the treatment time of the step 4 is 4-6 h.
In the electroplating sludge treatment method, the pressure in the vacuum environment is 20-30 Pa.
In the electroplating sludge treatment method, borax is also added as a solvent in the step 6, and the adding amount of the borax is 0.05-0.1% of the weight of the block-shaped body in the step 4.
In the above electroplating sludge treatment method, the particle size of the particle material is 100-200 meshes.
One of the above technical solutions of the present invention has at least one of the following advantages or beneficial effects:
the electroplating sludge is made into blocks and forms a porous structure, after organic matters and heavy metals in other sewage, particularly the electroplating sewage, are adsorbed, smelting is carried out to obtain recovered metals, part of furnace slag can be recycled to the sludge block making process, meanwhile, activated carbon in the sludge block making process has an adsorption function in the step 5 and can also be used as a reducing agent in the step 7, and the whole process is simple and efficient.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail. The embodiments described below are exemplary only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
A method for treating electroplating sludge comprises the following steps:
step 1: controlling the water content of the electroplating sludge to be 25-30% in an extrusion mode;
the operation is usually carried out by a filter press, and the filter pressing is about 10 MPa.
Step 2: mixing the electroplating sludge, the activated carbon and the inorganic adhesive in the step 1 and extruding into blocks;
adding the sludge subjected to filter pressing in the step 1 into a stirrer, then adding activated carbon and the slag in the step 7, and grinding the slag in the step 7 into powder of 200 meshes or finer.
The weight ratio of the electroplating sludge to the active carbon to the inorganic adhesive is 50-60:5-10: 30-45.
In this example, the selection is 55:10: 35.
The amount of the activated carbon is adjusted according to the amount of heavy metals in the sludge and the amount of heavy metals in the sewage in the step 5, and the amount of the activated carbon cannot be too large, so that the activated carbon is easy to disperse during freeze-drying treatment in the step 4 after quick freezing in the step 3.
In this step, a later curing time of 5-10 hours is required to form a firm whole body from the whole block body so as to avoid dispersion in the freeze-drying process.
In this step, the binder may be selected to be cement, but is preferably slag from the viewpoint of waste reuse. And the slag adopted in the step can also be used as a slag forming agent in the smelting process, and the slag forming agent does not need to be additionally supplemented.
And step 3: quickly freezing the blocky sludge obtained in the step 2 by adopting liquid nitrogen; the center temperature of the blocky sludge subjected to liquid nitrogen quick-freezing treatment is lower than-60 ℃, preferably-70 to-80 ℃, and preferably-80 ℃. The liquid nitrogen sprays atomized liquid nitrogen to the blocky sludge in a spraying mode.
And 4, step 4: gasifying water in the quick-frozen blocky sludge in a vacuum environment to obtain a porous blocky body; the pressure in the vacuum environment is 20-30Pa, and the treatment time of the step 4 is 4-6 h. Since the water content in this step is not high, the water content of the dried block may be less than 5%, and the treatment time may be controlled to 5 hours.
And 5: the massive bodies are used as sewage adsorbents to adsorb heavy metals and organic matters in the sewage; the block-shaped bodies are placed in a box body, sewage flows downwards from the upper part of the box body, the block-shaped bodies are made into a cuboid with the length of 20 x 10cm, the cuboid is stacked in the box body, the height of the cuboid is 5-10 layers, the processed sewage is the sewage after filtration and flocculation, and the amount of metal ions and organic impurities contained in the sewage is effectively controlled.
More preferably, the sewage treatment device is prepared into a disc shape, the disc shape is stacked layer by layer, and sewage is treated in a percolation mode.
Step 6: mixing, grinding and crushing the massive balls treated in the step 5 and borax to obtain 100-200-mesh granular materials; the adding amount of the borax is 0.05 percent of the weight of the block-shaped body in the step 4
And 7: and smelting the granular material at 1300 +/-100 ℃ to obtain a melt and furnace slag.
The electroplating sludge is made into blocks and forms a porous structure, after organic matters and heavy metals in other sewage, particularly the electroplating sewage, are adsorbed, smelting is carried out to obtain recovered metals, part of furnace slag can be recycled to the sludge block making process, meanwhile, activated carbon in the sludge block making process has an adsorption function in the step 5 and can also be used as a reducing agent in the step 7, and the whole process is simple and efficient.
More specifically, the prominent effects are as follows:
1. after the electroplating sludge, the activated carbon and the adhesive which are subjected to preliminary dehydration are mixed, the activated carbon still has high activity, can adsorb heavy metal ions and organic matters in the sewage and plays a role in preliminary filtration;
2. the active carbon and the adhesive can be used as a reducing agent and a slagging agent in the smelting process without additional supplement.
3. Compare in traditional sewage treatment in the sand bed filter, its filtration adsorption effect is better, when certainly using as the adsorbed layer, can set up activated carbon adsorption again as required in follow-up process. Even so, can also reduce the adsorption pressure of follow-up active carbon, prolong the adsorption life of active carbon.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (9)

1. The electroplating sludge treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: controlling the water content of the electroplating sludge to be 25-30% in an extrusion mode;
step 2: mixing the electroplating sludge, the activated carbon and the inorganic adhesive in the step 1 and extruding into blocks;
and step 3: quickly freezing the blocky sludge obtained in the step 2 by adopting liquid nitrogen;
and 4, step 4: gasifying water in the quick-frozen blocky sludge in a vacuum environment to obtain a porous blocky body;
and 5: the massive bodies are used as sewage adsorbents to adsorb heavy metals and organic matters in the sewage;
step 6: ball-milling and crushing the block processed in the step 5 to obtain granules;
and 7: and smelting the granular material at 1300 +/-100 ℃ to obtain a melt and furnace slag.
2. The electroplating sludge treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic binder is ground powder of cement or slag of step 7.
3. The electroplating sludge treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the electroplating sludge, the activated carbon and the inorganic binder in the step 2 is 50-60:5-10: 30-45.
4. The electroplating sludge treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, after the block is extruded, the block sludge is aged for 5-10 hours at normal temperature.
5. The electroplating sludge treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the center temperature of the lumpy sludge subjected to the liquid nitrogen quick-freezing treatment in the step 3 is lower than-60 ℃.
6. The electroplating sludge treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the vacuum environment is lower than 50Pa in absolute pressure, and the treatment time of the step 5 is 4-6 h.
7. The electroplating sludge treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure in the vacuum environment is 20-30 Pa.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein borax is further added as a solvent in the step 6 in an amount of 0.05-0.1% by weight based on the weight of the block-shaped body of the step 4.
9. The electroplating sludge treatment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle size of the particle material is 100-200 mesh.
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CN109772259A (en) * 2019-03-18 2019-05-21 清华大学 Utilize the method and adsorbent for heavy metal of electroplating sludge processing electroplating wastewater
CN111286611A (en) * 2020-03-27 2020-06-16 中南大学 Method for smelting chromium-nickel-containing iron and nickel from laterite-nickel ore
CN213950662U (en) * 2020-12-16 2021-08-13 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所 Emergency treatment equipment for multistage-hole sludge carbon-based electroplating wastewater

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