CN112809398A

CN112809398A - Material increasing and decreasing combined machining center

Info

Publication number: CN112809398A
Application number: CN202010507445.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 江弥峰; 连灿鑫; 王井东
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-08-18
Filing date: 2020-08-18
Publication date: 2021-05-18
Anticipated expiration: 2040-08-18
Also published as: CN112809398B

Abstract

According to the material-adding and material-reducing composite machining center, material adding machining and material reducing machining are conducted by using the same machining laser head, in the manufacturing process of the material adding technology, the powder pushing device, the powder compacting device and the formed part compacting and compacting device are integrated on the same moving unit component, feeding and compacting technologies can be conducted together, the moving of the moving unit takes the machining of the machining laser head into consideration, the machining sequence of the laser machining head is limited to be adaptive to the moving direction of the moving unit, machining efficiency is further improved, the machining center is high in automation degree and precision, and the material adding and material reducing composite machining center is suitable for the manufacturing fields of aerospace, aviation and the like.

Description

Material increasing and decreasing combined machining center

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of machining engineering, in particular to a material increasing and decreasing composite machining center.

Background

In the high-end precision manufacturing field such as aviation manufacturing and detection, some parts with specific shapes need to be machined, the requirement cannot be met simply through additive machining or subtractive machining, and a machining center capable of performing local additive machining and subtractive machining alternately is urgently needed, so that an additive and subtractive composite machining center comes up, for example, patent document 1 discloses an additive and subtractive composite machining center which can perform composite machining of additive machining and subtractive machining on a workpiece, but when the additive machining and subtractive machining are performed, a tool bit needs to be changed, and the coordinates need to be corrected and switched again; also, as in patent document 2, there is disclosed an additive processing process in which after powder is spread using a powder material, the sintering process is carried out by using laser, and the loose property of the powder is considered before the laser sintering, the powder is compacted before sintering using an optical quartz glass panel, and during the process, the laser penetrates the glass panel to perform the sintering process, but because the laser needs to penetrate the glass panel, therefore, may cause the laser to deviate from the original orbit due to the refraction of the glass, affecting the processing precision, and in the whole process of laser sintering, the quartz glass panel is tightly attached to the processing powder, and the quartz glass panel possibly conducts heat to the outside of a path needing to be processed, so that the processing precision is further influenced, meanwhile, the powder piston cylinder and the forming piston cylinder respectively move, and the powder supply and the formed part sinking amount of the forming end are not coordinated; as another example, patent document 3 discloses a method for improving compactness of a 3D printed metal part, which includes printing by two different lasers, melting alloy powder by a first laser to form a printed layer, and then remelting the printed layer obtained by 3D printing by a following second laser, wherein the compactness of the metal part can be improved, but the processes of laying and laser melting the alloy powder are separated, and there is no connection between the two steps, and the printing efficiency is not high.

[ patent document 1] CN 107336023A;

[ patent document 2] CN 104785780A;

[ patent document 3] CN 103173760A.

In summary, in the prior art, an increase and decrease material composite processing center which does not need to be replaced, and can be closely performed in four steps of powder paving, powder compacting before printing, laser printing and subsequent metal part compactness printing is not provided.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the existing material increase and decrease composite processing center, the invention provides a technical scheme, the material increase and decrease composite processing center comprises an L-shaped frame body, a powder bin, a forming bin, a processing laser head for performing material increase processing and material decrease processing and a five-axis linkage mechanism, the L-shaped frame body comprises a base and a back support frame, the powder bin and the forming bin are arranged in the base, the upper surface of the powder bin and the upper surface of the forming bin are flush with the upper surface of the base, the powder bin and the forming bin are arranged along the horizontal direction of the base, the processing laser head is connected to the back support frame through the five-axis linkage mechanism, a moving unit is further arranged on the base and surrounds the powder bin, powder is filled in the powder bin, a formed part is positioned in the forming bin, the moving unit comprises a powder pushing device, a powder compacting device, a formed part compacting device tightening device and a driving unit, and the powder pushing device, the powder blevile of push and powder compaction device form a U type frame construction, drive unit drive mobile unit motion, with the powder propelling movement in the powder storehouse to the shaping storehouse in, shaping piece compaction closing device is connected in U type frame construction is terminal to including can carrying out the inseparable equipment of compaction to the shaping piece, at the in-process of powder blevile of push with the powder propelling movement in shaping storehouse, shaping piece compaction closing device carries out the compaction to the shaping piece after processing laser head sintering simultaneously closely, improves the mechanical properties of shaping piece.

Preferably, the powder pushing device is a pushing roller, the powder compacting devices are two sets and are respectively arranged at two ends of the pushing roller, each powder compacting device comprises a side blocking rod, a rotating sleeve is sleeved on the side blocking rod, a compacting plate is fixedly arranged on the rotating sleeve, each formed part compacting and tightening device comprises a fixed lead screw and a sliding base, the sliding base is arranged on the fixed lead screw in a sliding mode, a strengthening nozzle is detachably arranged on the sliding base, formed parts sintered by a processing laser head are subjected to impact strengthening, one end of the side blocking rod is connected with the pushing roller, and the other end of the side blocking rod is fixedly connected with the fixed lead screw.

Preferably, the driving unit includes a driving roller and a driving motor, the driving motor drives the driving roller to rotate and provides a rotating force for the driving roller, the driving roller is installed at two ends of the fixed lead screw, an operation track matched with the driving roller is further provided on the surface of the base, and the driving roller rolls in the operation track.

Preferably, powder compaction device still includes a rotation driving motor, and rotation driving motor installs in the side pin, includes the internal tooth in the rotating sleeve, and rotation driving motor's output tooth meshing internal tooth to can drive rotating sleeve clockwise or anticlockwise rotation, drive the compacting plate and carry out corresponding direction and rotate, realize carrying the powder in the shaping storehouse and carry out the compaction.

Preferably, the base includes upper portion body and lower part cavity, and powder storehouse and shaping storehouse set up in upper portion internal, and the lower part cavity is a hollow structure, and the bottom is provided with the base inclined plane, and shaping storehouse is including shaping wall, shaped part platform and shaped part die-pin, and the shaped part sets up on the shaped part platform, and the shaped part die-pin drive shaped part platform slides from top to bottom along the shaping wall.

Preferably, the material increase and decrease combined machining center further comprises a linkage mechanism, the linkage mechanism is arranged in the lower cavity and comprises a balance connecting rod, a balance fulcrum, a rotation seat and a driving cylinder, the rotation seat is fixedly arranged in the base, one end of the balance connecting rod is hinged to the end part of the material supporting piston, the other end of the balance connecting rod is hinged to the end part of the formed part supporting rod, the middle of the balance connecting rod is rotatably connected to the rotation seat to form the balance fulcrum, one end of the driving cylinder is rotatably connected into the base, and the other end of the driving cylinder is rotatably connected onto the balance connecting rod to drive the linkage mechanism to rotate, so that.

Preferably, the powder bin comprises a heating unit, a material supporting base and a tray piston, the heating unit comprises a resistance heater and a thermocouple, the resistance heater heats the powder to a temperature below a melting point, the thermocouple keeps the temperature of the powder constant, and the material supporting base is arranged in the heating unit in a sliding mode under the driving of the tray piston.

Preferably, a sliding rod parallel to the fixed lead screw is further fixedly arranged on the fixed lead screw, a lead screw nut matched with the fixed lead screw and a sliding groove penetrating through the sliding rod are arranged on the sliding base, and a motor capable of driving the lead screw nut to rotate is arranged on the sliding base, so that the lead screw nut is driven by the motor to slide along the fixed lead screw, and the position of the sliding base is adjusted.

Preferably, a rotating shaft parallel to the fixed lead screw is arranged on the sliding base, the mounting base is hinged through the rotating shaft, a driving oil cylinder is arranged at one end, opposite to the rotating shaft, of the mounting base, and the driving oil cylinder is connected between the mounting base and the sliding base, so that the angle of the mounting base can be adjusted by adjusting the extending length of the driving oil cylinder, and the impact angle of equipment, which is arranged on the mounting base and can compact a formed part tightly, can be adjusted.

Preferably, both sides shelves pole is parallel to each other, and the length of side shelves pole is greater than the size in powder storehouse and shaping storehouse, and the distance of side shelves pole also is greater than the size in powder storehouse and shaping storehouse, and the length size of side shelves pole is greater than the powder storehouse size, and is less than the distance between powder storehouse left end edge to the shaping storehouse left end edge.

Preferably, the machining step of the composite machining center for increasing and decreasing materials is further included, the controller controls the linear motor of the five-axis linkage mechanism to move, the machining laser head is adjusted to a proper position on the forming bin to be subjected to additive manufacturing, the driving cylinder is controlled to move, powder in the powder bin on the left side is higher than the surface of the base, the driving unit is started to move, the driving unit drives the moving unit to move from the powder bin to the forming bin, at the moment, the powder is pushed to the forming bin through a closed structure formed by the pushing roller and the side blocking rods together, after the pushing roller moves to the left edge of the forming bin, the powder material is conveyed to the forming bin, the driving of the driving unit is stopped, the motor in the powder compacting device drives the compacting plate to rotate 180 degrees, lightly beats the powder material on the forming piece platform, the powder material is uniformly paved and then the motor rotates reversely, the compacting plate is opened, the processing laser head is started, the printing sequence of the processing laser head is from right to left, namely the printing direction is the direction pointing to the powder bin from the forming bin, the driving unit is started to rotate reversely, the moving speed of the moving unit is smaller than the speed of the X-axis direction of the processing laser head, the controller adjusts the impact angle of the laser shock peening nozzle and/or the mechanical shot peening nozzle on the sliding base according to the moving path of the processing laser head, so that the laser shock peening nozzle and/or the mechanical shot peening nozzle are adapted to the processing laser head, after the processing laser head finishes printing, the laser source in the laser head is closed, the moving unit continues to move backwards, after the material pushing roller returns to the original position, the moving unit completes one-time reciprocating, the cylinder is driven to act, powder is pushed out of the powder cylinder, the driving unit rotates reversely, the powder is pushed to the forming bin, the laser shock peening nozzle and/or the mechanical shot peening When the laser shock peening nozzle and/or the mechanical shot peening nozzle are/is positioned outside the forming bin, the nozzle is automatically stopped to act, after the pushing roller moves to the left edge of the forming bin, the driving unit is stopped to drive, the motor positioned in the side stop lever in the powder compacting device drives the compacting plate to rotate 180 degrees, the powder material on the platform of the formed part is lightly flapped to be uniformly spread, then the motor is driven to rotate reversely, the compacting plate is opened, the processing laser head is started, the printing sequence of the processing laser head is from right to left, and the subsequent action is the same as that described above. After the forming part is manufactured by the material increase process, the driving cylinder is started to act, so that the forming part platform descends to be lower than the lower surface of the upper part body, powder in the forming bin enters the lower cavity, then the driving cylinder extends out to drive the forming part platform to ascend until the upper surface of the forming part platform is flush with the upper surface of the base, and at the moment, the machining laser head can be started to reduce the material.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1) the material-increasing and material-reducing composite processing center uses the same processing cutter to process when material increasing processing and material reducing processing are carried out, so that the problem of processing precision reduction caused by cutter switching is avoided;

2) the material-adding and material-reducing composite processing center is mainly used for carrying out a laser sintering material-adding process on a powdery material, and comprises a powder feeding device, a device for compacting powder before laser sintering, a laser head and a device for compacting a formed part tightly after laser sintering, wherein the powder feeding device, the device for compacting powder before laser sintering and the device for compacting the formed part tightly after laser sintering are integrated on the same structure;

3) the feeding cylinder and the forming cylinder piston rod of the material-increasing and material-reducing composite machining center are connected through the link rod, the feeding cylinder and the forming cylinder are the same in size and consistent in size, so that the cylinders are linked, when the feeding cylinder rises for a certain distance, the other forming cylinder descends for the same distance, and as the moving volumes of the two cylinders are the same, the feeding cylinder pushes a certain amount of raw materials, and the other forming cylinder receives the same raw materials, so that the waste of the raw materials is avoided;

4) the powder feeding device, the device for compacting the powder before laser sintering and the device for compacting the formed part tightly after laser sintering are surrounded into an annular structure by the material adding and reducing composite processing center, so that the powder is limited in a closed space when the powder feeding device pushes the powder, and the powder material is prevented from being lost in the transferring process;

5) the device for compacting the powder before laser sintering is selected to be a plate-shaped structure which can be turned and folded, the device is in an open state when materials are conveyed at ordinary times, and the device is driven by the driving device when the powder needs to be compacted, so that the powder to be subjected to laser sintering is flapped and compacted, and the quality of laser sintering is improved;

6) the device for compacting and compacting the formed part after laser sintering of the material increase and decrease composite processing center is arranged on a detachable base, so that different compacting and compacting devices can be selected according to the type of powder selected by the material increase process, such as metal powder or plastic particle powder, and the convenience and the universality of the device are further improved;

7) according to the material-increasing and material-reducing composite machining center, the laser and compaction structures cannot interfere, the machining steps of the composite machining center are reasonable and compact, the bottom of the machining platform is set to be a hollow structure, the bottom of the hollow structure is an inclined plane structure, so that the used powder materials can be recycled by the machining center, the inclined plane structure further improves the collection of the powder materials, and the recycling efficiency is improved.

8) Powder compaction device comes to consolidate the powder through patting of compacting plate, its in the clearance of compaction powder, also can make the powder of forming part platform fold evenly for the forming part machining precision and the processing conditions of contour machining are better.

9) The processing direction of the processing laser head is matched with the moving unit, the formed part compacting device can perform two compacting steps after the powder is subjected to laser sintering, additional process time is not increased, and the two compacting steps are positioned between charging and laser sintering, so that the quality of the formed part is further improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of an additive and subtractive composite machining center according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a view C-C of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a view A-A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a view B-B of FIG. 1;

fig. 5 is a view from D-D in fig. 4.

Description of the reference symbols

1. An L-shaped frame body; 1-1, a base; 1-2, backing a support frame; 1-3, upper part; 1-4, lower cavity; 2. a powder bin; 3. a molding bin; 4. processing a laser head; 5. a five-axis linkage mechanism; 6. a powder pushing device; 7. a powder compaction device; 8. a compact compacting device for the formed part; 9. a mobile unit; 10. a drive unit; 11. a linkage mechanism; 12. a pushing roller; 13. a side stop lever; 14. rotating the sleeve; 15. compacting the plate; 16. fixing a lead screw; 17. a sliding base; 18. driving the roller; 19. a heating unit; 20. a material supporting base; 21. a material supporting piston; 22. a forming wall; 23. a molded part platform; 24. a profile section carrier bar; 25. powder; 26. a forming member; 27. a balance link; 28. a balance fulcrum; 29. a rotating seat; 30. a drive cylinder; 31. a base bevel; 32. a horizontal slider; 33. a horizontal slider groove; 34. a horizontal slide rail; 35. an X-axis linear motor stator; 36. an X-axis linear motor rotor; 37. a vertical slide block; 38. a Z-axis linear motor rotor; 39. a vertical slider groove; 40. a projecting sleeve; 41. a laser source; 42. a Y-axis linear motor stator; 43. a Y-axis linear motor rotor; 44. a laser head telescopic sleeve; 45. a sleeve body; 46. a limiting ring; 47. a connecting fork; 48. a rotating shaft; 49. a laser head main body; 50. a conical sleeve head; 51. a light-transmitting mirror; 52. a mirror.

Detailed Description

The following describes a mode for carrying out the present invention with reference to the drawings.

As shown in figures 1-5, the material-increasing and material-reducing composite processing center comprises an L-shaped frame body 1, a powder bin 2, a forming bin 3, a processing laser head 4 for material increasing and material reducing, and a five-axis linkage mechanism 5, wherein the L-shaped frame body 1 comprises a base 1-1 and a back support frame 1-2, the powder bin 2 and the forming bin 3 are arranged in the base 1-1, the upper surface of the powder bin 2 is flush with the upper surface of the base 1-1, the powder bin 2 and the forming bin 3 are arranged along the horizontal direction of the base 1-1, the processing laser head 4 is connected to the back support frame 1-2 through the five-axis linkage mechanism 5, a moving unit 9 is further arranged on the base 1-1, the moving unit 9 is arranged to surround the powder bin 2, the processing laser head 4 is arranged above the forming bin 3, powder 25 is filled in the powder bin 2, a formed part 26 is, the moving unit 9 comprises a powder pushing device 6, a powder compacting device 7, a formed part compacting device 8 and a driving unit 10, the powder pushing device 6, the powder compacting device 7 and the formed part compacting device 8 form a frame structure, the powder pushing device 6 and the powder compacting device 7 form a U-shaped frame structure, the driving unit 10 drives the moving unit 9 to move, powder in the powder bin 2 is pushed into the forming bin 3, the formed part compacting device 8 is connected to the tail end of the U-shaped frame structure and comprises equipment capable of compacting the formed part 26 tightly, and in the process that the powder pushing device 6 pushes the powder into the forming bin 3, the formed part compacting device 8 compacts the formed part 26 sintered by the processing laser head 4 tightly at the same time, so that the mechanical property of the formed part 26 is improved.

Preferably, the powder pushing device 6 is a pushing roller 12, the powder compacting devices 7 are two sets and are respectively arranged at two ends of the pushing roller 12, each powder compacting device 7 comprises a side blocking rod 13 and a rotating sleeve 14 sleeved on the side blocking rod 13, a compacting plate 15 is fixedly arranged on the rotating sleeve 14, each formed part compacting device 8 comprises a fixed lead screw 16 and a sliding base 17 arranged on the fixed lead screw 16 in a sliding manner, a strengthening nozzle is detachably arranged on the sliding base 17, impact strengthening is performed on a formed part 26 sintered by the processing laser head 4, one end of the side blocking rod 13 is connected with the pushing roller 12, and the other end of the side blocking rod is fixedly connected with the fixed lead screw 16; preferably, the driving unit 10 includes a driving roller 18 and a driving motor, the driving motor drives the driving roller 18 to rotate to provide a rotating force for the driving roller, the rollers 18 are mounted at both ends of the fixed lead screw 16, and preferably, in order to ensure accurate movement of the moving unit 9, a running track matched with the rollers 18 is further provided on the surface of the base 1-1, and the rollers 18 roll in the running track, thereby limiting the moving unit 9 from moving in the running track.

Preferably, for improve the degree of automation of equipment, make powder compaction device 7 still include a rotary driving motor, rotary driving motor installs in side pin 13, including the internal tooth in the swivel sleeve 14, rotary driving motor's output tooth meshing internal tooth, thereby can drive swivel sleeve 14 clockwise or anticlockwise rotation, drive compacting plate 15 and carry out corresponding direction and rotate, realize carrying the powder of transporting in shaping storehouse 3 and carry out the compaction, thereby further guarantee formed part 26's mechanical properties.

Preferably, the base 1-1 comprises an upper body 1-3 and a lower cavity 1-4, the powder bin 2 and the molding bin 3 are arranged in the upper body 1-3, the lower cavity 1-4 is a hollow structure, and the bottom is provided with a base inclined surface 31.

Preferably, the powder bin 2 comprises a heating unit 19, a material supporting base 20 and a tray piston 21, the heating unit 19 comprises a resistance heater and a thermocouple, the resistance heater heats the powder 25 to a temperature below a melting point, the thermocouple keeps the temperature of the powder 25 constant, and the material supporting base 20 is driven by the tray piston 21 to be arranged inside the heating unit 19 in a sliding manner; preferably, the molding bin 3 comprises a molding wall 22, a molding platform 23 and a molding bracket rod 24, wherein the molding 26 is arranged on the molding platform 23, and the molding bracket rod 24 drives the molding platform 23 to slide up and down along the molding wall 22.

Preferably, the material increase and decrease composite processing center further comprises a linkage mechanism 11, the linkage mechanism 11 is arranged in the lower cavity 1-4 and comprises a balance connecting rod 27, a balance fulcrum 28, a rotating seat 29 and a driving cylinder 30, the rotating seat 29 is fixedly arranged in the base 1-1, one end of the balance connecting rod 27 is hinged to the end part of the material supporting piston 21, the other end of the balance connecting rod 27 is hinged to the end part of the formed part supporting rod 24, the middle part of the balance connecting rod 27 is rotatably connected to the rotating seat 29 to form the balance fulcrum 28, one end of the driving cylinder 30 is rotatably connected in the base 1-1, and the other end of the driving cylinder is rotatably connected to the balance connecting rod 27 and used for driving the linkage mechanism 11 to rotate, so that.

Preferably, the five-axis linkage mechanism 5 comprises an X-axis linear motor guide rail system, a Z-axis linear motor guide rail system, a Y-axis linear motor guide rail system, a horizontal slider 32 and a vertical slider 37, the X-axis linear motor guide rail system is horizontally arranged on the back support frame 1-2, the horizontal slider 32 is slidably arranged on the X-axis linear motor guide rail system, the horizontal slider 32 is provided with the Z-axis linear motor guide rail system, the vertical slider 37 is slidably arranged on the Z-axis linear motor guide rail system, the vertical slider 37 is provided with the Y-axis linear motor guide rail system, the machining laser head 4 is slidably arranged on the Y-axis linear motor guide rail system,

preferably, the X-axis linear motor guide rail system comprises a horizontal slide rail 34, an X-axis linear motor stator 35 and an X-axis linear motor rotor 36, the horizontal slide rail 34 is fixedly arranged on the back support frame 1-2, the X-axis linear motor stator 35 is fixedly arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the horizontal slide rail 34, the X-axis linear motor rotor 36 is arranged on the horizontal slide block 32 and respectively corresponds to the X-axis linear motor stator 35, a horizontal slide block groove 33 is further arranged on the horizontal slide block 32, and the horizontal slide rail 34 is matched with and extends into the horizontal slide block groove 33; the Z-axis linear motor guide rail system comprises a Z-axis linear motor rotor 38, a Z-axis linear motor stator and a vertical slider groove 39, wherein the Z-axis linear motor rotor is fixedly arranged on a vertical slider 37, the Z-axis linear motor stator is fixedly arranged on a horizontal slider 32, a Z-axis slide rail matched with the vertical slider groove 39 on the vertical slider 37 is arranged on the horizontal slider 32, and the Z-axis slide rail is matched with and extends into the vertical slider groove 39; the Y-axis linear motor guide rail system comprises a Y-axis linear motor stator 42 and a Y-axis linear motor rotor 43, the Y-axis linear motor stator 42 is arranged in the vertical sliding block 37, the Y-axis linear motor rotor 43 is arranged outside the machining laser head 4, and the Y-axis linear motor stator 42 and the Y-axis linear motor rotor 43 are arranged oppositely.

As shown in fig. 4-5, the vertical slider 37 is a hollow shell structure, and includes a vertical slider main body, a protruding sleeve 40 located at the front end of the vertical slider main body, a Z-axis linear motor guide rail system located at the rear end of the vertical slider main body, and a laser source 41 fixedly disposed inside the vertical slider main body; the machining laser head 4 comprises a laser head main body 49, a conical sleeve head 50 positioned at the lower end of the laser head main body 49, a laser head telescopic sleeve 44 positioned at the side end of the laser head main body 49, a reflective mirror 52 and a light-transmitting mirror 51, wherein the light-transmitting mirror 51 is arranged in the conical sleeve head 50, the laser head telescopic sleeve 44 can extend into the projecting sleeve 40 in a sliding manner, so that the Y-axis position adjustment of the machining laser head 4 is realized, the laser head telescopic sleeve 44 comprises a sleeve main body 45, a limiting ring 46 arranged at the tail end of the sleeve main body 45, a connecting fork 47 arranged at the other end of the sleeve main body 45, the connecting fork 47 is of a branched structure and is connected to the laser head main body 49 in a rotating manner through a rotating shaft 48, so that the machining laser head 4 can rotate along the X-axis, meanwhile, the laser head telescopic sleeve 44 can rotate in the projecting sleeve, are not the focus of the present invention, but are of a general construction and, therefore, will not be repeated here. Meanwhile, the five-axis linkage mechanism further comprises a controller for controlling currents in the X-axis linear motor guide rail system, the Z-axis linear motor guide rail system and the Y-axis linear motor guide rail system to realize the movement of the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis. And finally, the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis movement, X-axis rotation and Y-axis rotation of the machining laser head 4 form five-axis linkage together. After the laser source 41 emits laser, the laser is reflected by the reflector 52, passes through the light-transmitting mirror 51 and then is transmitted out of the conical sleeve head 50, and laser cutting or additive manufacturing is achieved.

Preferably, in order to ensure that the sliding base 17 can slide on the fixed lead screw 16 smoothly, a sliding rod parallel to the fixed lead screw 16 is further fixedly arranged on the fixed lead screw 16, a lead screw nut matched with the fixed lead screw 16 and a sliding groove penetrating through the sliding rod are arranged on the sliding base 17, and a motor capable of driving the lead screw nut to rotate is arranged on the sliding base 17, so that the lead screw nut is driven by the motor to slide along the fixed lead screw 16, and the position of the sliding base 17 is adjusted. Preferably, in order to adjust the impact angle of the device (such as a laser shock peening nozzle and/or a mechanical shot peening nozzle) which is installed on the sliding base 17 and can compact the formed part 26 tightly, a rotating shaft parallel to the fixed screw 16 is provided on the sliding base 17, a mounting base is hinged through the rotating shaft, a driving cylinder is provided at the end of the mounting base opposite to the rotating shaft, the driving cylinder is connected between the mounting base and the sliding base 17, so that the angle of the mounting base can be adjusted by adjusting the extension length of the driving cylinder, and the impact angle of the device (such as a laser shock peening nozzle and/or a mechanical shot peening nozzle) which is installed on the mounting base and can compact the formed part 26 tightly can be adjusted.

Preferably, the powder bin 2 and the moulding bin 3 are of the same size and structure, and the balance fulcrum 28 is chosen at the very middle of the balance link 27. Preferably, the bottom of the side stop 13 contacts the upper surface of the base 1-1, so as to form a closed space with the material pushing roller 12 to push the powder to the molding bin 3. Preferably, the two side bars 13 are parallel to each other, the length of the side bars 13 is greater than the size of the powder bin and the molding bin, and the distance between the side bars 13 is also greater than the size of the powder bin and the molding bin. Preferably, the length dimension of the side bar 13 is greater than the powder bin dimension and less than the distance between the left end edge of the powder bin and the left end edge of the molding bin.

Preferably, in order to recover the powder falling into the lower chambers 1 to 4, a dust suction device is provided at the lowermost end of the inclined surface 31 of the base to suck the powder into the dust suction device, thereby reducing the waste of the powder.

Preferably, the two compacting plates 15, when folded together, just enclose the frame structure of the mobile unit 9, which is in an open position when no powder compacting operation is performed, as shown in fig. 1, on the base 1-1, and when a powder compacting operation is required, the motor inside the side bars 13 drives the compacting plates 15 to rotate 180 °, compacting the powder.

The material increasing and decreasing composite processing center comprises the following specific processing steps: the controller controls the linear motor of the five-axis linkage mechanism 5 to move, the processing laser head 4 is adjusted to a proper position on the forming bin 26 to prepare additive manufacturing, the driving cylinder 30 is controlled to act, so that the powder in the powder bin 2 on the left is higher than the surface of the base 1-1, the driving unit 10 is started to act, the driving unit 10 drives the moving unit 9 to move from the powder bin 2 to the forming bin 3, at the moment, the powder is pushed to the forming bin 3 by a closed structure formed by the surrounding of the pushing roller 12 and the side baffle rod 13, when the pushing roller 12 moves to the left edge of the forming bin 3, the powder material is conveyed to the forming bin, the driving of the driving unit 10 is stopped, the motor in the side baffle rod 13 in the powder compacting device 7 drives the compacting plate 15 to rotate 180 degrees, lightly beats the powder material on the forming piece platform 23 to be uniformly laid, and then the motor is driven to rotate reversely, opening the compacting plate 15, starting the processing laser head 4, enabling the printing sequence to be from right to left, namely the printing direction is the direction pointing to the powder bin from the forming bin, simultaneously starting the driving unit 10 to reversely rotate, enabling the movement speed of the moving unit 9 to be smaller than the speed of the X-axis direction of the processing laser head 4, adjusting the impact angle of the laser shock peening nozzle and/or the mechanical shot peening nozzle on the sliding base 17 by the controller according to the movement path of the processing laser head 4, enabling the laser shock peening nozzle and/or the mechanical shot peening nozzle to adapt to the processing laser head 4, closing the laser source in the laser head 4 after the processing laser head 4 finishes printing, enabling the moving unit 9 to continuously move back, enabling the moving unit 9 to complete one-time reciprocating after the material pushing roller 12 returns to the original position, enabling the driving cylinder 30 to act, pushing the powder out of the powder cylinder, enabling the driving unit 10 to reversely rotate, pushing the powder to the forming bin again, and enabling the laser shock The printed opposite path strengthens the printed formed part 26, of course, in order to ensure the processing safety, when the laser shock strengthening nozzle and/or the mechanical shot peening nozzle is positioned outside the forming bin, the nozzle action is automatically stopped, when the pushing roller 12 moves to the left edge of the forming bin 3, the powder material is conveyed to the forming bin, the driving of the driving unit 10 is stopped, the motor positioned in the side blocking rod 13 in the powder compacting device 7 drives the compacting plate 15 to rotate 180 degrees, lightly beats the powder material on the formed part platform 23 to uniformly spread the powder material, then the driving motor is reversed, so that the compacting plate 15 is opened, the processing laser head 4 is started, the printing sequence is from right to left, and the subsequent actions are the same as those described above. After the forming part 26 is manufactured by the additive process, the driving cylinder 30 is started to act, so that the forming part platform 23 descends to be lower than the lower surface of the upper part body 1-3, powder in the forming bin enters the lower cavity 1-4, then the driving cylinder 30 extends out to drive the forming part platform 23 to ascend until the upper surface of the forming part platform 23 is level with the upper surface of the base 1-1, and at the moment, the machining laser head 4 is started to perform material reduction machining.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. Increase and decrease material combined machining center, including L type support body (1), powder storehouse (2), shaping storehouse (3), carry out vibration material disk processing and subtract processing laser head (4) and five-axis link gear (5) of material processing, L type support body (1) includes base (1-1) and back of the body support frame (1-2), powder storehouse (2) and shaping storehouse (3) set up in base (1-1), and upper surface and base (1-1) upper surface parallel and level, powder storehouse (2) and shaping storehouse (3) are arranged along base (1-1) horizontal direction, processing laser head (4) are connected on back of the body support frame (1-2) through five-axis link gear (5), its characterized in that: the base (1-1) is further provided with a moving unit (9), the moving unit (9) is arranged to surround the powder bin (2), the powder bin (2) is filled with powder (25), the formed part (26) is located in the forming bin (3), the moving unit (9) comprises a powder pushing device (6), a powder compacting device (7), a formed part compacting device (8) and a driving unit (10), the powder pushing device (6), the powder compacting device (7) and the formed part compacting device (8) are enclosed to form a frame structure, the powder pushing device (6) and the powder compacting device (7) form a U-shaped frame structure, the driving unit (10) drives the moving unit (9) to move to push the powder in the powder bin (2) into the forming bin (3), and the formed part compacting device (8) is connected to the tail end of the U-shaped frame structure, the device comprises equipment capable of compacting and compacting the formed part (26), wherein in the process that the powder pushing device (6) pushes powder to the forming bin (3), the formed part compacting device (8) compacts and compacts the formed part (26) sintered by the processing laser head (4) at the same time, and the mechanical property of the formed part (26) is improved.

2. The additive and subtractive composite machining center according to claim 1, wherein: the powder pushing device (6) is a pushing roller (12), the powder compacting devices (7) are of two sets and are respectively arranged at two ends of the pushing roller (12), each powder compacting device (7) comprises a side blocking rod (13), a rotating sleeve (14) sleeved on the side blocking rod (13) is fixedly provided with a compacting plate (15), each formed part compacting and tightening device (8) comprises a fixed lead screw (16), a sliding base (17) slidably arranged on the fixed lead screw (16), a strengthening nozzle is detachably arranged on the sliding base (17), impact strengthening is performed on a formed part (26) sintered by a processing laser head (4), one end of each side blocking rod (13) is connected with the pushing roller (12), and the other end of each side blocking rod is fixedly connected with the fixed lead screw (16).

3. The additive and subtractive composite machining center according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the driving unit (10) comprises a driving roller (18) and a driving motor, the driving motor drives the driving roller (18) to rotate and provides rotating force for the driving roller, the driving roller (18) is installed at two ends of the fixed lead screw (16), a running track matched with the driving roller (18) is further arranged on the surface of the base (1-1), and the driving roller (18) rolls in the running track.

4. The additive and subtractive composite machining center according to claim 2, wherein: powder compaction device (7) still include a rotation driving motor, and rotation driving motor installs in side pin (13), includes the internal tooth in rotatory sleeve (14), and rotation driving motor's output tooth meshing internal tooth to can drive rotatory sleeve (14) clockwise or anticlockwise rotation, drive compacting plate (15) and carry out corresponding direction and rotate, realize carrying out the compaction to the powder of transporting in shaping storehouse (3).

5. The additive and subtractive composite machining center according to claim 1, wherein: the base (1-1) comprises an upper body (1-3) and a lower cavity (1-4), the powder bin (2) and the forming bin (3) are arranged in the upper body (1-3), the lower cavity (1-4) is of a hollow structure, a base inclined plane (31) is arranged at the bottom of the lower cavity, the forming bin (3) comprises a forming wall (22), a forming piece platform (23) and a forming piece supporting rod (24), the forming piece (26) is arranged on the forming piece platform (23), and the forming piece supporting rod (24) drives the forming piece platform (23) to slide up and down along the forming wall (22).

6. The additive and subtractive composite machining center according to claim 5, wherein: the material increasing and decreasing composite machining center further comprises a linkage mechanism (11), the linkage mechanism (11) is arranged in a lower cavity (1-4) and comprises a balance connecting rod (27), a balance fulcrum (28), a rotating seat (29) and a driving cylinder (30), the rotating seat (29) is fixedly arranged in the base (1-1), one end of the balance connecting rod (27) is hinged to the end portion of the material supporting piston (21), the other end of the balance connecting rod is hinged to the end portion of the formed part supporting rod (24), the middle portion of the balance connecting rod (27) is rotatably connected to the rotating seat (29) to form the balance fulcrum (28), one end of the driving cylinder (30) is rotatably connected into the base (1-1), and the other end of the driving cylinder is rotatably connected onto the balance connecting rod (27) for driving the linkage mechanism (11) to rotate, so that the movement of the material supporting base (20).

7. The material-increasing and material-decreasing composite machining center according to claim 5 or 6, wherein: the powder bin (2) comprises a heating unit (19), a material supporting base (20) and a tray piston (21), the heating unit (19) comprises a resistance heater and an electric thermocouple, the resistance heater heats the powder (25) to a temperature below a melting point, the electric thermocouple keeps the temperature of the powder (25) constant, and the material supporting base (20) is arranged inside the heating unit (19) in a sliding mode under the driving of the tray piston (21).

8. The additive and subtractive composite machining center according to claim 2, wherein: the fixed lead screw (16) is also fixedly provided with a sliding rod parallel to the fixed lead screw (16), the sliding base (17) is provided with a lead screw nut matched with the fixed lead screw (16) and a sliding groove penetrating through the sliding rod, and the sliding base (17) is provided with a motor capable of driving the lead screw nut to rotate, so that the lead screw nut is driven by the motor to slide along the fixed lead screw (16) to adjust the position of the sliding base (17).

9. The additive and subtractive composite machining center according to claim 8, wherein: the sliding base (17) is provided with a rotating pin shaft parallel to the fixed screw rod (16), the rotating pin shaft is hinged with an installation base, one end of the installation base, which is opposite to the rotating pin shaft, is provided with a driving oil cylinder, and the driving oil cylinder is connected between the installation base and the sliding base (17), so that the angle of the installation base can be adjusted by adjusting the extending length of the driving oil cylinder, and the impact angle of equipment which is arranged on the installation base and can compact a formed part (26) tightly can be adjusted.

10. The additive and subtractive composite machining center according to claim 2, wherein: two side shelves pole (13) are parallel to each other, and the length of side shelves pole (13) is greater than the size in powder storehouse and shaping storehouse, and the distance of side shelves pole (13) also is greater than the size in powder storehouse and shaping storehouse, and the length size of side shelves pole (13) is greater than the powder storehouse size, and is less than the distance between powder storehouse left end edge and the shaping storehouse left end edge.