CN112808002B - Ytterbium isotope electromagnetic separation method - Google Patents
Ytterbium isotope electromagnetic separation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112808002B CN112808002B CN202011640229.3A CN202011640229A CN112808002B CN 112808002 B CN112808002 B CN 112808002B CN 202011640229 A CN202011640229 A CN 202011640229A CN 112808002 B CN112808002 B CN 112808002B
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- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005372 isotope separation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 53
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000010273 cold forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003747 ytterbium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D59/00—Separation of different isotopes of the same chemical element
- B01D59/44—Separation by mass spectrography
- B01D59/48—Separation by mass spectrography using electrostatic and magnetic fields
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an electromagnetic separation method of ytterbium isotopes, comprising the following steps: starting a water cooling system to provide cooling water for the ion source, the receiver and the vacuum chamber; starting a vacuum system to vacuumize the vacuum chamber; starting a power supply of the ion source and performing cold exercise of the ion source; current is introduced into the crucible heating furnace barrel, and current is introduced into the arc chamber heater until the temperature of the crucible reaches the temperature required by the saturated vapor pressure of ytterbium isotopes; current is led into the filament, and voltage is applied to the arc discharge chamber, so that electrons emitted by the cathode and gas molecules of the separation material collide and ionize to form discharge plasma, and ytterbium ion beams with certain energy and shape are led out; the magnetic field device is used for controlling the deflection and separation of the ytterbium ion beam, and the receiver is used for receiving the separated ytterbium isotope ion beam. The ytterbium isotope separated by the method has higher abundance, and the ytterbium isotope separation process is simple and easy to operate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of isotope electromagnetic separation, in particular to an ytterbium isotope electromagnetic separation method.
Background
Ytterbium (Yb) element contains 7 isotopes, specifically including: 168 Yb(0.06％)、 170 Yb(4.21％)、 171 Yb(14.26％)、 172 Yb(21.49％)、 173 Yb(17.02％)、 174 yb (29.58%) and 176 yb (13.38%). Ytterbium isotopes are widely used in the fields of medicine, atomic light clocks and the like. For example, the number of the cells to be processed, 168 the Yb is obtained after irradiation 169 Yb can be used to examine cancer; 176 yb is a radionuclide for the treatment of cancer 177 Precursor material of Lu, reactor warp 176 Yb(n,γ) 177 Yb(β-) 177 Lu reaction and ytterbium/lutetium separation 177 Lu nuclide free of 177m Lu is impurity, carrier-free and high in specific activity; 171 yb has a relatively simple atomic energy level structure, small system frequency shift effect, and can be used for researching cold 171 Yb atomic light clock. Therefore, the separation and preparation of ytterbium isotopes are particularly important.
However, since the number of ytterbium isotopes is 7 and the dispersion is small, the isotopes are not easily separated, the saturated vapor pressure is low, and the temperature is required to be high, and it is difficult to realize the separation of ytterbium isotopes with high abundance by the isotope separation method in the related art, it is necessary to provide an electromagnetic separation method of ytterbium isotopes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an electromagnetic separation method of ytterbium isotopes, which is used for realizing the separation of high-abundance ytterbium isotopes.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an electromagnetic separation method of ytterbium isotopes, comprising: starting a water cooling system in the isotope electromagnetic separator to provide cooling water for an ion source, a receiver and a vacuum chamber of a vacuum system in the isotope electromagnetic separator; starting the vacuum system to vacuumize the vacuum chamber; starting a power supply of the ion source and performing cold exercise of the ion source; current is introduced into a crucible heating furnace barrel in the ion source, and current is introduced into an arc chamber heater in the ion source until the temperature of the crucible in the ion source reaches the temperature required by the saturated vapor pressure of ytterbium isotopes; current is led into a filament in the ion source, and voltage is applied to an arc discharge chamber in the ion source, so that electrons emitted by the filament bombard a cathode in the ion source to emit electrons, the electrons emitted by the cathode collide with gas molecules of a separation material and ionize to form discharge plasma, and the discharge plasma is led out by a grounding electrode, a focusing electrode and a lead-out slit electrode in the ion source to form an ytterbium ion beam with certain energy and shape; the ytterbium ion beam deflection and separation are controlled by a magnetic field device, and the separated ytterbium isotope ion beam is received by the receiver.
Further, the starting the vacuum system to vacuumize the vacuum chamber comprises the following steps: starting a backing pump in the vacuum system to vacuumize the vacuum chamber; and when the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber reaches a first vacuum degree, opening a backing valve, a booster pump and a diffusion pump in the vacuum system to vacuumize the vacuum chamber until the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber reaches a second vacuum degree.
Further, the starting the power supply of the ion source and the cold forging of the ion source comprise the following steps: starting a power supply of an extraction slit electrode in the ion source, so that the voltage of the extraction slit electrode is gradually increased from a first voltage until the ignition is serious, and stopping boosting; boosting again after ignition is eliminated, and stopping for preset time when the voltage of the lead-out slit electrode rises to a second voltage value, and then returning to the first voltage; starting a power supply of a focusing electrode in the ion source, so that the voltage of the focusing electrode is gradually increased from the first voltage until the voltage is stopped being increased when the ignition is serious; boosting again after ignition is eliminated, and stopping for a preset time when the voltage of the focusing electrode rises to a third voltage, and then returning to the first voltage; and raising the voltage of the lead-out slit electrode to a fourth voltage, and raising the voltage of the focusing electrode to a fifth voltage.
Further, the step of charging current to a crucible heating furnace in the ion source and charging current to an arc chamber heater in the ion source until the temperature of the crucible in the ion source reaches the temperature required by the saturated vapor pressure of ytterbium isotope comprises the following steps: charging current into a crucible heating furnace barrel in the ion source, and charging current into an arc chamber heater in the ion source until the ion sourceThe temperature of the crucible in (a) reaches YbCl as the separation material 3 The saturation vapor pressure of (2) is at a desired temperature.
Further, the controlling the ytterbium ion beam deflection and separation by using the magnetic field device and receiving the separated ytterbium isotope ion beam by using the receiver includes: and adjusting the current of an electromagnet in the magnetic field device.
Further, the controlling ytterbium ion beam deflection and separation by the magnetic field device and receiving the separated ytterbium isotope ion beam by the receiver further comprises: when the discharge in the arc discharge chamber is stable and the extracted ion beam current is large, multiple isotopes are adjusted to the positions corresponding to the receiving pockets in the receiver.
Further, the adjusting the multiple isotopes to positions corresponding to receiving pockets in the receiver further comprises: adding the voltage of the lead-out slit electrode to a preset voltage, entering a stable working state, and adjusting the current of an electromagnet in the magnetic field device to enable a plurality of ytterbium ion beams to deflect and strike a stop door in the receiver; and finely adjusting the current of an electromagnet in the magnetic field adjusting device, so that a plurality of ytterbium ion beams are beaten on corresponding alignment strips on the shutter, and after detection is correct, opening the shutter, so that a plurality of ytterbium ion beams enter the corresponding receiving pockets.
Further, the trimming the current of the electromagnet in the magnetic field adjusting device, so that a plurality of ytterbium ion beams strike corresponding alignment strips on the shutter, and after detecting without errors, opening the shutter, so that a plurality of ytterbium ion beams enter the receiving pockets corresponding to each other, including: the current of the electromagnet in the magnetic field adjusting device is finely adjusted, so that a plurality of ytterbium ion beams respectively pass through a plurality of incidence slits on a panel in the receiver and enter the receiving pockets corresponding to the ytterbium ion beams respectively.
Further, the adjusting the multiple isotopes to positions corresponding to receiving pockets in the receiver further includes: detecting the current of the panel and each receiving pocket in the receiver, and trimming the voltage of the lead-out slit electrode or the current of the electromagnet in the magnetic field device so that the receiving current of each receiving pocket reaches the maximum and the panel current is minimum.
Further, before the water cooling system in the starting isotope electromagnetic separator provides cooling water for the ion source, the receiver and the vacuum chamber of the vacuum system in the isotope electromagnetic separator, the ytterbium isotope electromagnetic separation method further comprises: the separated feed is dehydrated.
Further, the dewatering of the separated feed stock comprises: NH is added to 4 Cl and YbCl as the separation material 3 Mixing, and dehydrating by slow heating at low temperature.
As described above, the invention provides an electromagnetic separation method for ytterbium isotopes, which has the advantages that the ytterbium isotopes separated by the method have higher abundance, and the ytterbium isotope separation process is simple and easy to operate.
Drawings
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, which provide a thorough understanding of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic separation process for ytterbium isotopes using an isotope electromagnetic separator, according to some embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of an electromagnetic separation method for ytterbium isotopes, according to some embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an ion source used in an electromagnetic separation method of ytterbium isotopes according to some embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of another angle of an ion source used in the ytterbium isotope electromagnetic separation method according to some embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of an ion source cold exercise performed in an ytterbium isotope electromagnetic separation method according to some embodiments of the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a receiver used in the ytterbium isotope electromagnetic separation method according to some embodiments of the invention.
It should be noted that the drawings are not necessarily to scale, but are merely shown in a schematic manner that does not affect the reader's understanding.
Reference numerals illustrate:
100. an isotope electromagnetic separator; 110. an ion source; 112. ytterbium ion beam; 120. a receiver; 121. a frame; 123. a panel; 125. a receiving pocket; 127. a shutter; 129. an incident slit; 130. a vacuum system; 140. a water cooling system; 301. a ground electrode; 302. a focusing electrode; 303. leading out a slit electrode; 304. a filament; 305. a cathode; 306. an electronic window; 307. a steam distribution chamber; 308. a crucible; 309. a heat reflecting screen; 310. a crucible heating furnace cylinder; 311. a third lead-out slit; 312. a second lead-out slit; 313. a first extraction slit; 314. a discharge cell; 315. an arc discharge chamber; 316. an arc chamber heater.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are one embodiment, but not all embodiments, of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts, based on the described embodiments of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is to be noted that unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein should be taken in a general sense as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. If, throughout, reference is made to "first," "second," etc., the description of "first," "second," etc., is used merely for distinguishing between similar objects and not for understanding as indicating or implying a relative importance, order, or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated, it being understood that the data of "first," "second," etc., may be interchanged where appropriate. If "and/or" is present throughout, it is meant to include three side-by-side schemes, for example, "A and/or B" including the A scheme, or the B scheme, or the scheme where A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, for ease of description, spatially relative terms, such as "above," "below," "top," "bottom," and the like, may be used herein merely to describe the spatial positional relationship of one device or feature to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures, and should be understood to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures.
In order to obtain high abundance ytterbium isotopes, some embodiments of the present invention provide a method of electromagnetic separation of ytterbium isotopes.
The isotope electromagnetic separation method realizes isotope separation by utilizing ions with the same energy and different masses to rotate at different radii in a transverse magnetic field. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic separation process for ytterbium isotopes using an isotope electromagnetic separator according to some embodiments of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, the isotope electromagnetic separator 100 includes an ion source 110, a receiver 120, a vacuum system 130, a water cooling system (such as water cooling system 140 in fig. 6), and a magnetic field apparatus (not shown). In the ion source 110, ytterbium compounds such as YbCl 3 The heated and ionized to form a plasma, and emitted from the ion source 110 to form an ytterbium ion beam 112 having a certain energy and shape. Then, under the action of the transverse magnetic field formed in the vacuum system 130 by the magnetic field device, the ytterbium ion beam 112 deflects, separates the mass and focuses the angle, and finally 7 ytterbium isotope ion beams enter corresponding receiving pockets in the receiver 120 respectively to complete separation of ytterbium isotopes, so that multiple isotopes of ytterbium elements can be obtained simultaneously. The following further describes methods of electromagnetic separation of ytterbium isotopes according to some embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow diagram of an electromagnetic separation method for ytterbium isotopes, according to some embodiments of the invention. As shown in fig. 2, the ytterbium isotope electromagnetic separation method comprises the following steps:
step 210: starting a water cooling system to provide cooling water for the ion source 110, the receiver 120 and the vacuum chamber of the vacuum system 130 in the isotope electromagnetic separator 100;
step 220: starting a vacuum system 130 to vacuumize the vacuum chamber;
step 230: activating the power supply of the ion source 110 and performing cold exercises of the ion source 110;
step 240: charging current (for example, the current can be 80A-90A) to a crucible heating furnace barrel in the ion source 110, and charging current (for example, the current can be 20A-30A) to an arc chamber heater in the ion source 110 until the temperature of the crucible in the ion source 110 reaches the temperature required by the saturated vapor pressure of ytterbium isotope;
step 250: applying a current (for example, the current can be 120A-130A) to a filament in the ion source 110, and applying a voltage (for example, the voltage can be 50V-260V) to an arc discharge chamber in the ion source 110, so that electrons emitted by the filament bombard a cathode to emit electrons, the electrons emitted by the cathode collide with gas molecules of a separation material and ionize to form discharge plasma, and the discharge plasma is led out through a grounding electrode, a focusing electrode and a lead-out slit electrode in the ion source 110 to form an ytterbium ion beam 112 with certain energy and shape;
step 260: the ytterbium ion beam 112 is controlled to deflect, split using a magnetic field device, and the split ytterbium isotope ion beam is received using a receiver 120.
In step 210, after the water cooling system is started, cooling water may be supplied to the ion source 110, the receiver 120, the vacuum chamber liner, the magnetic field power supply, etc. to ensure that the ion source 110, the receiver 120, the vacuum chamber liner, the magnetic field power supply, etc. operate in a normal temperature range.
In step 220, the vacuum in the vacuum chamber in the vacuum system 130 may be pulled to 3×10 -3 Pa. In one embodiment, the vacuum system 130 includes a backing pump, backing valve, booster pump, and diffusion pump connected to the vacuum chamber. Activating the vacuum system 130 to evacuate the chamber in step 220 may include:
starting a backing pump to vacuumize the vacuum chamber;
when the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber reaches a first vacuum degree (such as 10 Pa), the backing valve, the booster pump and the diffusion pump are opened to vacuumize the vacuum chamber until the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber reaches a second vacuum degree (such as 10Pa -3 Pa)。
In step 230, when the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber reaches 10 -3 Pa, by performing ion source 110 coolingThe burrs on the electrode and other parts can be removed by training, so that the ignition of the ion source 110 during normal operation is reduced.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the ion source 110 comprises: a ground electrode 301, a focus electrode 302, an extraction slit electrode 303, a filament 304, a cathode 305, an electron window 306, a vapor distribution chamber 307, a crucible 308, a heat reflecting screen 309, a crucible heating furnace 310, a third extraction slit 311, a second extraction slit 312, a first extraction slit 313, a discharge chamber 314, an arc discharge chamber 315, and an arc chamber heater 316.
During use, materials such as YbCl can be isolated 3 Is arranged in a crucible 308, is heated and gasified by a crucible heating furnace cylinder 310, and then enters a discharge area of a discharge chamber 314 through a steam distribution chamber 307; the heated filament 304 emits electrons that bombard the cathode 305, and the electrons emitted by the cathode 305 are accelerated by the electric field and confined by the magnetic field, pass through the electron window 306, enter the discharge chamber 314, and interact with YbCl 3 The gas molecules of the gas are collisional and ionized to form arc discharge plasmas; the arc discharge plasma is led out through the grounding electrode 301, the focusing electrode 302 and the lead-out slit electrode 303 to form an ion beam with certain energy and shape.
As shown in FIG. 5, in step 230, when the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber reaches 10 -3 At Pa, performing cold exercises of the ion source 110, further comprising:
step 2302: starting a high-voltage power supply of the lead-out slit electrode 303, so that the voltage of the lead-out slit electrode 303 gradually and slowly increases from a first voltage (such as 0V) until the voltage boosting is stopped when the ignition is serious; boosting again after the ignition is eliminated, and when the voltage of the lead-out slit electrode 303 rises to a second voltage (such as 35 kV), staying for a preset time (such as 5 minutes) and then returning to the first voltage (such as 0V);
step 2304: starting the power supply of the focusing electrode 302, so that the voltage of the focusing electrode 302 gradually and slowly increases from the first voltage (such as 0V) until the voltage boosting is stopped when the ignition is serious; boosting again after the ignition is eliminated, and when the voltage of the focusing electrode 302 rises to a third voltage (e.g., -25 kV), staying for a preset time (e.g., 5 minutes) and then returning to the first voltage (e.g., 0V);
step 2306: the voltage of the slit electrode 303 is raised to a fourth voltage (e.g., 30 kV) and the voltage of the focusing electrode 302 is raised to a fifth voltage (e.g., 8-15 kV).
After the cold forging of the ion source 110 in step 230, burrs on the electrode and other components can be removed, thereby reducing the sparking during normal operation of the ion source 110.
In step 240, when YbCl is used as the separation material 3 In step 240, current is applied to the crucible heating furnace in the ion source 110 and current is applied to the arc chamber heater in the ion source 110 until the temperature of the crucible in the ion source 110 reaches the temperature required by the saturated vapor pressure of ytterbium isotope, which may include: charging current to a crucible heating furnace in the ion source 110 and charging current to an arc chamber heater in the ion source 110 until the temperature of the crucible in the ion source 110 reaches YbCl as the separation material 3 The saturation vapor pressure of (a) and the desired temperature (e.g., 700 ℃ C. To 900 ℃ C.).
In step 260, ytterbium ion beam 112 exiting from ion source 110 is deflected 180 ° by the transverse electric field formed by the magnetic field device and then focused on the receiving plane of receiver 120.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the receiver 120 includes a panel 123 disposed on the frame 121, a receiving pocket 125, a shutter 127, and an incident slit 129 formed on the panel 123. The incident slit 129 can pass through the ytterbium isotope ion beam 112 after electromagnetic separation; the receiving pocket 125 is capable of receiving an ion beam passing through the entrance slit 129. The shutter 127 can be opened and closed. When the shutter 127 is opened, the ion beam can be allowed to pass through the entrance slit 129. When the shutter 127 is closed, the incident slit 129 on the panel 123 can be blocked.
In one embodiment, the panel 123 is provided with a plurality of (e.g., 7) incident slits 129, which respectively receive a plurality of (e.g., 7) ytterbium isotope ion beams. The slit width of the incident slit 129 is set to 5mm to 6mm. When the face plate 123 of the receiver 120 is in the orientation shown in fig. 6, the distance between adjacent incident slits 129 is 30.1mm, 15.0mm, 14.5mm, 28.8mm in order in the first direction D1 from one side to the other side of the face plate 123.
Controlling the deflection, separation, and reception of the separated ytterbium isotope ion beam by the receiver 120 of the ytterbium ion beam 112 using the magnetic field device in step 260 includes:
when the discharge is stable and the extracted ion beam current is large, a plurality of (e.g., 7) isotopes are adjusted to the corresponding positions of the receiving pockets 125.
Adjusting the 7 isotopes to positions corresponding to the receiving pockets 125 further comprises:
the voltage of the lead-out slit electrode 303 is added to a preset voltage (such as 30 kV), and the lead-out slit electrode enters a stable working state, and the current of an electromagnet in a magnetic field device is adjusted to enable a plurality of (such as 7) ytterbium ion beams 112 to deflect and strike a stop gate 127;
fine-tuning the current of the electromagnets in the magnetic field apparatus so that a plurality (e.g., 7) of ytterbium ion beams 112 strike corresponding alignment bars on a gate 127; after detection, the shutter 127 is opened so that the 7 ytterbium ion beams 112 enter the respective corresponding receiving pockets 125.
Fine-tuning the current of the electromagnets in the magnetic field apparatus so that a plurality (e.g., 7) of ytterbium ion beams 112 strike corresponding alignment bars on a gate 127; after detection, the shutter 127 is opened so that a plurality (e.g., 7) of ytterbium ion beams 112 enter the respective corresponding receiving pockets 125, further comprising:
the current of the electromagnets in the magnetic field apparatus is finely tuned such that a plurality (e.g., 7) of the ytterbium ion beams 112 each pass through a plurality (7) of the entrance slits 129 in the faceplate 123 of the receiver 120 into a respective corresponding one of the receiving pockets 125.
Adjusting the plurality (e.g., 7) isotopes to positions corresponding to the receiving pockets 125 further comprises:
the current of the panel 123 and each receiving pocket 125 is detected, and the current of the receiving pocket 125 is maximized and the current of the panel 123 is minimized by fine-tuning or fine-tuning the voltage of the extraction slit electrode 303 to the current of the electromagnet in the magnetic field device. At this time, the ytterbium ion beam 112 is positioned optimally.
Furthermore, in an embodiment, prior to step 210, the isotope electromagnetic separation method further comprises: the separated material is dehydrated.
In order to prevent the separation vacuum degree from being affected by a large amount of gas out during separation due to water in the separation raw material, the separation raw material needs to be dehydrated before ytterbium isotope is separated. For example, dewatering the separated feed material includes:
YbCl 3 And NH 4 Cl is mixed and dehydrated by slow heating at low temperature.
As described above, the invention provides an electromagnetic separation method for ytterbium isotopes, which has the advantages that the ytterbium isotopes separated by the method have higher abundance, and the ytterbium isotope separation process is simple and easy to operate.
It should also be noted that, in the embodiments of the present invention, the features of the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments without conflict.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but the scope of the invention is defined by the claims.
Claims (3)
1. An electromagnetic separation method of ytterbium isotopes, characterized by comprising:
starting a water cooling system in the isotope electromagnetic separator (100) to provide cooling water for an ion source (110), a receiver (120) and a vacuum chamber of a vacuum system (130) in the isotope electromagnetic separator (100);
-activating the vacuum system (130) to evacuate the vacuum chamber;
activating a power supply of the ion source (110) and performing cold exercises of the ion source (110);
charging current into a crucible heating furnace (310) in the ion source (110), and charging current into an arc chamber heater (316) in the ion source (110) until the temperature of a crucible (308) in the ion source (110) reaches the temperature required by the saturated vapor pressure of ytterbium isotopes, wherein the current charging into the crucible heating furnace (310) in the ion source (110) is 80A-90A; the current flowing into the arc chamber heater (316) in the ion source (110) is 20A-30A;
supplying current to a filament (304) in the ion source (110), andapplying voltage to an arc discharge chamber (315) in the ion source (110) so that electrons emitted by the filament (304) bombard a cathode (305) in the ion source (110) to emit electrons, wherein the electrons emitted by the cathode (305) collide with gas molecules of a separation material and ionize to form discharge plasma, and the discharge plasma is led out from a grounding electrode (301), a focusing electrode (302) and a leading-out slit electrode (303) in the ion source (110) to form an ytterbium ion beam (112) with certain energy and shape, wherein the current led into the filament (304) in the ion source (110) is 120A-130A; the voltage applied to the arc discharge chamber (315) in the ion source (110) is 50V-260V; the separation material is YbCl 3 ；
Controlling deflection and separation of the ytterbium ion beam (112) by using a magnetic field device, and receiving the separated ytterbium isotope ion beam by using the receiver (120);
the activating the power supply of the ion source (110) and performing the cold exercise of the ion source (110) comprises:
starting a power supply of an extraction slit electrode (303) in the ion source (110) so that the voltage of the extraction slit electrode (303) is gradually increased from a first voltage until the voltage is stopped from being increased when the ignition is serious; boosting again after ignition is eliminated, and stopping for a preset time when the voltage of the lead-out slit electrode (303) rises to a second voltage value, and then returning to the first voltage;
starting a power supply of a focusing electrode (302) in the ion source (110) so that the voltage of the focusing electrode (302) is gradually increased from the first voltage until the voltage boosting is stopped when the ignition is serious; boosting again after the ignition is eliminated, and when the voltage of the focusing electrode (302) rises to a third voltage, staying for a preset time and then returning to the first voltage;
raising the voltage of the lead-out slit electrode (303) to a fourth voltage and raising the voltage of the focusing electrode (302) to a fifth voltage;
wherein the first voltage is 0V; the second voltage value is 35kV; when the voltage of the lead-out slit electrode (303) rises to the second voltage value, the preset stay time is 5 minutes; the third voltage is-25 kV; when the voltage of the focusing electrode (302) rises to the third voltage, the preset time for stay is 5 minutes; the fourth voltage is 30kV; the fifth voltage is 8-15 kV;
the controlling of the deflection, separation of the ytterbium ion beam (112) by the magnetic field device and the receiving of the separated ytterbium isotope ion beam by the receiver (120) further comprises:
when the discharge in the arc discharge chamber (315) is stable and the extracted ion beam current is large, adjusting multiple isotopes to the positions corresponding to the receiving pockets (125) in the receiver (120);
the adjusting of the multiple isotopes to positions corresponding to receiving pockets (125) in the receiver (120) further comprises:
the voltage of the lead-out slit electrode (303) is added to a preset voltage, and the lead-out slit electrode enters a stable working state, and the current of an electromagnet in the magnetic field device is adjusted to enable a plurality of ytterbium ion beams (112) to deflect and strike a stop door (127) in the receiver (120), wherein the preset voltage is 30kV; the number of the ytterbium ion beams is 7;
finely adjusting the current of an electromagnet in the magnetic field device so that a plurality of ytterbium ion beams (112) strike corresponding alignment strips on the stop gate (127), and opening the stop gate (127) after detecting no errors so that the ytterbium ion beams (112) enter the corresponding receiving pockets (125);
the trimming of the current of the electromagnet in the magnetic field device, so that a plurality of ytterbium ion beams (112) strike corresponding alignment strips on the gate (127), and after detection, the gate (127) is opened, so that the ytterbium ion beams (112) enter the corresponding receiving pockets (125), comprising:
trimming the current of the electromagnets in the magnetic field device so that a plurality of ytterbium ion beams (112) respectively pass through 7 incidence slits (129) on a panel (123) in the receiver (120) into the respective corresponding receiving pockets (125); 7 incidence slits are arranged on the panel and respectively correspondingly receive a plurality of ytterbium ion beams; the slit width of the incident slit is set to be 5 mm-6 mm; in a first direction from one side of the panel to the other side, the distance between adjacent incident slits is 30.1mm, 15.0mm, 14.5mm and 28.8mm in sequence;
the ytterbium isotope electromagnetic separation method further comprises, before the water cooling system in the startup isotope electromagnetic separator (100) provides cooling water for the ion source (110), the receiver (120) and the vacuum chamber of the vacuum system (130) in the isotope electromagnetic separator (100): dewatering the separated raw materials:
NH is added to 4 Cl and YbCl as the separation material 3 Mixing, and dehydrating by slow heating at low temperature.
2. The method for electromagnetic separation of ytterbium isotopes of claim 1, wherein: the activating the vacuum system (130) to evacuate the vacuum chamber includes:
starting a backing pump in the vacuum system (130) to vacuumize the vacuum chamber;
and when the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber reaches a first vacuum degree, opening a backing valve, a booster pump and a diffusion pump in the vacuum system (130) to vacuumize the vacuum chamber until the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber reaches a second vacuum degree.
3. The method for electromagnetic separation of ytterbium isotopes of claim 1, wherein: the adjusting of the multiple isotopes to positions corresponding to receiving pockets (125) in the receiver (120) further comprises:
detecting the current of the panel (123) and each receiving pocket (125) in the receiver (120), and trimming the voltage of the outgoing slit electrode (303) or trimming the current of the electromagnet in the magnetic field device so that the receiving current of each receiving pocket (125) is maximized and the panel (123) current is minimized.
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| CN106512726A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-03-22 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Electromagnetic isotope separator |
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