CN112805878B - Antenna, wireless device and antenna array - Google Patents

Abstract

An antenna comprising: two floors spaced apart in a first direction; a three-dimensional (3D) cavity slot between the two floors, wherein the 3D cavity slot includes all the an aperture in the first direction; and an antenna feed for exciting an antenna within the 3D cavity slot, wherein the antenna feed is shorted to the 3D cavity slot, the antenna feed and The 3D cavity slot forms a closed loop capable of generating a magnetic field around the closed loop that can excite unbalanced TE20 modes within the 3D cavity slot.

Description

Antennas, Wireless Devices and Antenna Arrays

Cross-references to related applications

This application claims priority to US Provisional Patent Application No. 62/743,587, filed on October 10, 2018, and US Provisional Patent Application No. 62/766,602, filed December 14, 2018 rights, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

technical field

The present invention relates to a broadband vertically polarized end-fire antenna, which can be used for 5G millimeter wave communication.

Background technique

Various emerging applications, such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), big data analysis, artificial intelligence (AI), three-dimensional (3D) media, ultra-high-definition video Transmission and the like have greatly increased the amount of data in wireless communication networks. 5G expands spectrum usage below 6GHz and beyond 24GHz (i.e. mmWave) and opens up a lot of bandwidth to enable high data rates and large capacities.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a broadband vertical polarized (V-pol) end-fire antenna.

A first aspect relates to an antenna for wireless communication, the antenna comprising: two floors spaced apart in a first direction; a three-dimensional (3D) cavity slot between the two floors a slot, wherein the 3D cavity slot includes an aperture in the first direction; an antenna feed for exciting an antenna in the 3D cavity slot, wherein the antenna feed is short-circuited to the 3D cavity The cavity slot, the antenna feed and the 3D cavity slot form a closed loop capable of generating a magnetic field around the closed loop that can excite an unbalanced TE20 mode within the 3D cavity slot. Therefore, a broadband vertically polarized end-fire antenna that can be used for 5G mmWave communication can be realized.

Such an antenna facilitates an efficient scheme for wireless communications, especially 5G mmWave communications, by enabling high data rates and large bandwidths with large bandwidths. The antenna has good linearity for millimeter wave communication, and can improve the transmission capability of multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) diversity systems of 5G mobile devices.

According to a first implementation of the apparatus provided in the first aspect, the antenna feed includes a loop antenna feed, and the loop antenna feed provides an efficient solution for generating an unbalanced TE20 mode and generating a second resonant frequency to Large bandwidth and good linearity are achieved for the radiation pattern of the antenna.

According to the first aspect or any of the foregoing implementations of the first aspect, in a second implementation of the device, the loop antenna feed includes: a first portion substantially parallel to at least one of the two floors; a second portion substantially perpendicular to one of the two floors; a third portion substantially perpendicular to the one of the two floors, wherein the second portion is separated from the third portion The aperture is closer. Thus, in some cases, the loop antenna feed may be easier to implement or manufacture than other types of antenna feeds, eg, L-shaped antenna feeds.

According to the third implementation manner of the device provided in the first aspect or any of the foregoing implementation manners of the first aspect, the second portion is substantially close to the aperture. Therefore, the antenna feed excites the TE10 mode in the 3D cavity slot to achieve vertical polarization.

According to the fourth implementation manner of the device provided in the first aspect or any one of the foregoing implementation manners of the first aspect, the length of the aperture is λ ₁ /2, where λ ₁ represents the first resonance frequency with the antenna _The wavelength corresponding to f1.

According to the fifth implementation manner of the device provided in the first aspect or any of the foregoing implementation manners of the first aspect, the antenna feed excites the TE10 mode and is at the first resonance frequency of the antenna along the first direction The E-field is generated at f ₁ to achieve vertical polarization of the antenna.

According to the sixth implementation manner of the device provided in the first aspect or any of the foregoing implementation manners of the first aspect, the aperture has a width w, and the w is substantially smaller than λ ₁ /10. Therefore, the antenna can be implemented in thinner vertical dimensions and with strong vertical polarization under end-fire/side-fire coverage.

According to the seventh implementation manner of the device provided in the first aspect or any of the foregoing implementation manners of the first aspect, the distance between the antenna feed and one end of the aperture is λ ₂ /4, where λ ₂ represents the distance between the antenna feed and one end of the aperture. The wavelength corresponding to the _second resonant frequency f2 of the antenna. Thus, the bandwidth of the antenna can be configured by configuring the distance of the antenna feed relative to one end of the aperture.

According to the eighth implementation manner of the device provided in the first aspect or any one of the foregoing implementation manners of the first aspect, the two floors are composed of a first layer and a second layer of a printed circuit board (PCB). The antenna feed is composed of the third or more layers of the PCB and one or more vias of the PCB. Therefore, the antenna can be realized by a PCB.

According to the ninth implementation manner of the device provided in the first aspect or any of the foregoing implementation manners of the first aspect, the antenna is vertically polarized along the first direction, and the first direction is the direction of the PCB. thickness direction. Therefore, the antenna can be realized by a PCB with thinner vertical dimensions.

A second aspect relates to a wireless device for wireless communication, the wireless device comprising an antenna comprising: two floors spaced apart in a first direction; a three-dimensional (three-dimensional) space between the two floors -dimensional, 3D) cavity slot, wherein the 3D cavity slot includes an aperture in the first direction; an antenna feed for exciting an antenna in the 3D cavity slot, an antenna feed Shorted to the 3D cavity slot, the antenna feed and the 3D cavity slot form a closed loop capable of generating a loop around the closed loop that excites an unbalanced TE20 mode within the 3D cavity slot. magnetic field. Therefore, a broadband vertically polarized end-fire antenna that can be used for 5G mmWave communication can be realized.

Such a wireless device facilitates realizing an efficient scheme for wireless communication, especially 5G mmWave communication, through a large bandwidth to achieve high data rate and large capacity. The above antenna has good linearity for millimeter wave communication, and can improve the transmission capability of a multiple input and multiple output (multiple input and multiple output, MIMO) diversity system of a 5G mobile device.

According to the first implementation manner of the wireless device provided in the second aspect, the antenna feed includes a loop antenna feed, and the loop antenna feed provides an efficient solution for generating an unbalanced TE20 mode and generating a second resonant frequency, Large bandwidth and good linearity are achieved with the radiation pattern for the antenna.

According to the second implementation manner of the wireless device provided in the second aspect or any of the foregoing implementation manners of the second aspect, the loop antenna feed includes: a first portion substantially parallel to at least one of the two floors; a second portion substantially perpendicular to one of the two floors; a third portion substantially perpendicular to the one of the two floors, wherein the second portion is separated from the third portion The aperture is closer. Thus, in some cases, the loop antenna feed may be easier to implement or manufacture than other types of antenna feeds, eg, L-shaped antenna feeds.

According to the third implementation manner of the wireless apparatus provided in the second aspect or any of the foregoing implementation manners of the second aspect, the second portion is substantially close to the aperture. Therefore, the antenna feed excites the TE10 mode in the 3D cavity slot to achieve vertical polarization.

According to the fourth implementation manner of the wireless device provided in the second aspect or any of the foregoing implementation manners of the second aspect, the length of the aperture is λ ₁ /2, where λ ₁ represents the first resonance with the antenna _The wavelength corresponding to frequency f1.

According to the fifth implementation manner of the wireless device provided in the second aspect or any of the foregoing implementation manners of the second aspect, the antenna feed excites the TE10 mode and resonates at the first resonance of the antenna along the first direction. The E _- field is generated at frequency f1 to achieve vertical polarization of the antenna.

According to the sixth implementation manner of the wireless device provided in the second aspect or any of the foregoing implementation manners of the second aspect, the aperture has a width w, and the w is substantially smaller than λ ₁ /10. Therefore, the antenna can be implemented in thinner vertical dimensions and with strong vertical polarization under end-fire/side-fire coverage.

According to the seventh implementation manner of the wireless device provided in the second aspect or any of the foregoing implementation manners of the second aspect, the distance between the antenna feed and one end of the aperture is λ ₂ /4, where λ ₂ represents the The wavelength corresponding to the _second resonant frequency f2 of the antenna. Thus, the bandwidth of the antenna can be configured by configuring the distance of the antenna feed relative to one end of the aperture.

According to the eighth implementation manner of the wireless device provided in the second aspect or any of the foregoing implementation manners of the second aspect, the two floors are composed of a first layer and a second layer of a printed circuit board (PCB). The antenna feed is composed of the third or more layers of the PCB and one or more vias of the PCB. Therefore, the antenna can be realized by a PCB.

According to the ninth implementation manner of the wireless device provided in the second aspect or any of the foregoing implementation manners of the second aspect, the antenna is vertically polarized along the first direction, and the first direction is the PCB thickness direction. Therefore, the antenna can be realized by a PCB with thinner vertical dimensions.

A third aspect relates to an antenna array for wireless communication, the antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas, wherein each antenna comprises: two floors spaced apart in a first direction; A three-dimensional (3D) cavity slot, wherein the 3D cavity slot includes an aperture in the first direction; an antenna feed for exciting an antenna in the 3D cavity slot, The antenna feed is short-circuited to the 3D cavity slot, and the antenna feed and the 3D cavity slot form a closed loop capable of generating an unbalanced TE20 mode that can excite the 3D cavity slot. the magnetic field around the closed loop. Therefore, a broadband vertically polarized end-fire antenna that can be used for 5G mmWave communication can be realized.

Such antenna arrays facilitate an efficient solution for wireless communications, especially 5G mmWave communications, through large bandwidths to achieve high data rates and large capacities. The above antenna has good linearity for millimeter wave communication, and can improve the transmission capability of a multiple input and multiple output (multiple input and multiple output, MIMO) diversity system of a 5G mobile device.

According to a first implementation of the apparatus provided in the third aspect, the antenna feed includes a loop antenna feed, and the loop antenna feed provides an efficient solution for generating an unbalanced TE20 mode and generating a second resonant frequency to Large bandwidth and good linearity are achieved for the radiation pattern of the antenna.

According to the second implementation manner of the antenna array provided in the third aspect or any of the foregoing implementation manners of the third aspect, the loop antenna feed includes: a first portion substantially parallel to at least one of the two floors; a second portion substantially perpendicular to one of the two floors; a third portion substantially perpendicular to the one of the two floors, wherein the second portion is separated from the third portion The aperture is closer. Thus, in some cases, the loop antenna feed may be easier to implement or manufacture than other types of antenna feeds, eg, L-shaped antenna feeds.

According to the third implementation manner of the antenna array provided in the third aspect or any of the foregoing implementation manners of the third aspect, the second portion is substantially close to the aperture. Therefore, the antenna feed excites the TE10 mode in the 3D cavity slot to achieve vertical polarization.

According to the fourth implementation manner of the antenna array provided in the third aspect or any of the foregoing implementation manners of the third aspect, the length of the aperture is λ ₁ /2, where λ ₁ represents the first resonance with the antenna _The wavelength corresponding to frequency f1.

According to the fifth implementation manner of the antenna array provided in the third aspect or any of the foregoing implementation manners of the third aspect, the antenna feed excites the TE10 mode and resonates at the first resonance of the antenna along the first direction The E _- field is generated at frequency f1 to achieve vertical polarization of the antenna.

According to the sixth implementation manner of the antenna array provided in the third aspect or any of the foregoing implementation manners of the third aspect, the width of the aperture is w, and the w is substantially smaller than λ ₁ /10. Therefore, the antenna can be implemented in thinner vertical dimensions and with strong vertical polarization under end-fire/side-fire coverage.

According to the seventh implementation manner of the antenna array provided in the third aspect or any of the foregoing implementation manners of the third aspect, the distance between the antenna feed and one end of the aperture is λ ₂ /4, where λ ₂ represents the The wavelength corresponding to the _second resonant frequency f2 of the antenna. Thus, the bandwidth of the antenna can be configured by configuring the distance of the antenna feed relative to one end of the aperture.

In the eighth implementation manner of the antenna array provided according to the third aspect or any one of the foregoing implementation manners of the third aspect, the two floors are composed of a first layer and a second layer of a printed circuit board (PCB). The antenna feed is composed of the third or more layers of the PCB and one or more vias of the PCB. Therefore, the antenna can be realized by a PCB.

According to the ninth implementation manner of the antenna array provided in the third aspect or any of the foregoing implementation manners of the third aspect, the antenna is vertically polarized along the first direction, and the first direction is the PCB thickness direction. Therefore, the antenna can be realized by a PCB with thinner vertical dimensions.

The details of one or more implementations of the subject matter of this specification are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects and advantages of the subject matter will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.

Description of drawings

1A and 1B are schematic diagrams provided for one implementation showing an exemplary process for configuring a slot antenna by folding a floor;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation, illustrating an exemplary process for configuring a three-dimensional (3D) cavity slot;

3 is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation, showing portions of an exemplary broadband vertical polarized (V-pol) antenna;

4 is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation showing an exemplary return loss of an exemplary broadband V-pol antenna;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation, showing an exemplary electric field (E-field) of an exemplary broadband V-pol antenna in the TE10 mode;

6A is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation, showing an exemplary E-field of an exemplary broadband V-pol antenna in a TE20 mode;

6B is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation, showing an exemplary magnetic field (H-field) of an exemplary broadband V-pol antenna in TE20 mode;

6C is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation showing an exemplary typical balanced TE20 mode with oppositely oriented but approximately equal electric fields;

7A is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation, showing an exemplary E-field of an exemplary broadband V-pol antenna in TE10 mode;

7B is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation, showing an exemplary E-field of an exemplary broadband V-pol antenna in an unbalanced TE20 mode;

7C is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation, showing an exemplary H-field of an exemplary broadband V-pol antenna in TE10 mode;

7D is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation showing an exemplary H-field of an exemplary broadband V-pol antenna in an unbalanced TE20 mode;

FIG. 8A is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation, showing parts of another exemplary 3D slot antenna;

FIG. 8B is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation, showing an exemplary return loss of another exemplary 3D slot antenna;

FIG. 9A is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation, showing parts of yet another exemplary 3D slot antenna;

9B is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation, illustrating exemplary return loss of yet another exemplary 3D slot antenna;

10A and 10B are schematic diagrams provided for one implementation showing a gain diagram of an exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300;

Figures 11A and 11B are schematic diagrams provided for one implementation showing the gain and angle plots of an exemplary broadband V-pol antenna at a first resonant frequency at the E-plane and H-plane, respectively;

Figures 12A and 12B are schematic diagrams provided for one implementation showing the gain and angle plots of an exemplary broadband V-pol antenna at a second resonant frequency at the E-plane and H-plane, respectively;

Figure 13 is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation showing an exemplary array gain of an exemplary broadband V-pol antenna array.

Like reference numerals and designations in the various figures indicate like elements.

Detailed ways

A broadband vertical polarized (V-pol) endfire antenna is described in detail below to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the disclosed subject matter in the context of one or more specific implementations.

Various modifications, alterations and permutations of the disclosed implementations may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art, such modifications, alterations and arrangements will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, and the general principles defined may be applied to other implementations and applications without departing from the scope of the present invention. In some instances, details not necessary to obtain an understanding of the described subject matter may be omitted in order to avoid obscuring one or more of the described implementations with unnecessary detail, since such details are within the skill of those of ordinary skill in the art within the technical scope. The present invention is not intended to be limited to the implementations described or illustrated, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features described.

In wireless communication systems, especially 5G systems operating on high frequency bands (eg, mmWave bands in 5G systems), high signal attenuation during propagation over the air can limit wireless link budgets. Therefore, an intelligently designed beamforming algorithm for multi-array antennas is required to improve the space division multiplexing gain in multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) systems, especially when millimeter-wave mobile terminals are located in unpredictable directions under the channel conditions. For example, beam polarization can be dynamically adapted to realistic channel conditions to increase or maximize efficiency. In some implementations, two separate linear polarizations (horizontal and vertical) are required so that both the base station phased array and the mobile terminal phased array improve line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (LOS) Capacity in a MIMO diversity system under non-line-of-sight, NLOS) conditions.

Linearly polarized antenna elements with vertical profiles with small electrical dimensions are complex to implement. As the size of consumer terminals continues to shrink, antennas need to be designed to be small. Again, for dipole antennas, the antenna size depends on the operating frequency. Therefore, reducing the size of the antennas in 5G systems operating in the mmWave frequency band is even more difficult.

In some implementations, horizontal polarization can be achieved with a typical planar dipole or Yagi antenna. If the horizontal dipole is only rotated 90 degrees to the vertical direction, the original half-wave size of the horizontal dipole is not small enough in electrical size. In addition, when polarized antenna elements coexist in the same or similar space, the interference to linearity and polarization isolation also needs to be carefully considered and resolved.

The present invention provides an antenna system to solve the above problems. The antenna system can support vertical polarization under end-fire coverage with a vertical profile with small electrical dimensions for mmWave communications. The antenna system can support dual polarization under end-fire/side-fire coverage with small vertical dimensions. The antenna system enables implementation of millimeter-wave antennas within compact mobile devices, eg, to increase the capacity of MIMO diversity systems for 5G mobile devices.

1A and 1B are schematic diagrams provided for one implementation showing an exemplary process 100 for configuring a slot antenna by folding a ground plane. FIG. 1A shows floor 110 with slot apertures 150 . The floor 110 may be a conductive material. For example, the floor 110 may be a flat metal plate. The slot aperture 150 has a length of L=λ/2 and a width of w, where λ represents a wavelength corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the slot antenna. The slot aperture 150 has two longitudinal edges 101 and 103 .

In some implementations, in order to achieve a small vertical profile (eg, less than λ ₀ /10, where λ ₀ represents the wavelength corresponding to the first resonant frequency of the antenna), the floor 110 may be along two fold lines 102 and 104 to fold. The two fold lines 102 and 104 are on the same line with or along the two longitudinal edges 101 and 103 of the slot aperture 150 , respectively. By folding, the two sides 112 and 114 of the floor 110 may form two opposing floors, eg, a U-shape as shown in the U-shaped structure 215 in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram provided by one implementation illustrating an exemplary process 200 for configuring a three-dimensional (3D) cavity slot 210 . As shown in FIG. 2 , the 3D cavity slot 210 may be configured by folding a planar slot antenna 205 including a floor 220 with slot apertures 250 . The slot aperture 250 has a length of λ/2 in the horizontal direction and a width of w in the vertical direction. The floor 220 and the slot aperture 250 may be, for example, the floor 110 and slot aperture 150 shown in FIG. 1 , respectively.

The floor 220 may be folded along the two longitudinal edges of the slot aperture 250 to form a U-shaped structure 215, eg, in a manner similar to that described in FIG. 1 . Thus, the U-shaped structure 215 has two substantially parallel floors, such as 222 and 224, where "substantially parallel" includes parallel or functionally equivalent to parallel as long as the functionality (eg, structural functionality or electrical functionality) ) can be retained. For example, if the relative angle of the two floors 222 and 224 is less than 1 or 2 degrees, the two floors 222 and 224 are considered to be substantially parallel to each other.

A back cavity 255 can be added to the U-shaped structure 215 to form the 3D cavity slot 210 with the slot aperture 250 described above. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2 , the length of the 3D cavity slot 210 is L=λ/2, the width is w, and the depth is d. The slot apertures 250 radiate in the thickness direction of the U-shaped structure 215 (ie, the width or vertical dimension of the slot apertures 250 denoted by w in FIG. 2 ).

As shown in FIG. 2 , the 3D cavity slot 210 is box-shaped. The 3D cavity slot 210 may be a cuboid, cube, or other shape with six sides or faces 202 , 204 , 232 , 234 , 242 and 244 . In some implementations, each of the six sides 202, 204, 232, 234, 242, and 244 is substantially rectangular. In some implementations, the slot aperture 250 is formed at or at the front or outer side 244 of the 3D cavity slot 210 (as shown in FIG. 2, facing outward to the viewer), while the other five sides 202, 204, 232, 234, 242 are all made of conductive material.

Of the six sides, the top side 202 and the bottom side 204 are substantially parallel or coplanar with the floors 222 and 224, respectively. For example, the top side 202 and the bottom side 204 may be two conductive planes formed by portions of the floors 222 and 224, respectively. The top side 202 and the bottom side 204 are substantially parallel and separated by a distance w, which is the width of the slot aperture 250 . As shown in FIG. 2 , each of the side surfaces 202 and 204 is rectangular and has a size of L×d, where d is the depth of the above-mentioned 3D cavity slot 210 .

The 3D cavity slot 210 also has two sides 232 and 234 . The sides 232 and 234 may be two conductive planes made of the same or different materials as the floors 222 and 224 described above. The sides 232 and 234 are substantially parallel and separated by a distance L, which is the length of the slot aperture 250 . As shown in FIG. 2 , each of the sides 232 and 234 is rectangular and has a size of d×w, where d is the depth of the above-mentioned 3D cavity slot 210 .

The 3D cavity slot 210 also has an inner or rear side 242 and an outer or front side 244 . The inner side 232 may be a conductive plane made of the same or different material as the floors 222 and 224 described above. The outer side 232 is composed of the slot aperture 250 described above. The inner side 242 and the outer side 244 are substantially parallel and separated by a distance d, which is the depth of the 3D cavity slot 210 . As shown in FIG. 2 , each of the sides of the inner side 242 and the outer side 244 is a rectangle with a size of L×w, where w is the width of the above-mentioned 3D cavity slot 210 .

In some implementations, a printed circuit board (PCB) may be used to form the 3D cavity slot 210 using the multilayer and via structure of the PCB. For example, the two floors 222 and 224 of the 3D cavity slot 210 described above, as well as the top and bottom sides 202 and 204 of the 3D cavity slot 210 can be configured by two layers of the PCB. The above-mentioned sides 232 and 234 and the inner side 242 may be configured through a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) via hole (shorting wall) of the PCB. The space between the two layers of the PCB and the corresponding via holes may define the slot aperture 250 described above.

In some implementations, the 3D cavity slot 210 itself can be used as a cavity slot antenna with vertical polarization as shown by the arrow in FIG. 2 (taking the direction along the thickness of the PCB as an example). However, the bandwidth of such a 3D cavity slot antenna is limited. For example, the 3D cavity slot antenna only supports nearly 7% of the bandwidth. For 5G communications over the B257 (26.5 to 29.5GHz) frequency band, the antenna needs to support at least 12% of the bandwidth.

In order to support 5G broadband communication, a broadband vertical polarized (V-pol) antenna may be configured based on the structure of the above-mentioned 3D cavity slot 210 . In some implementations, both the depth and length of the 3D cavity slot 210 can affect the resonant frequency of the broadband V-pol antenna.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation showing portions of an exemplary broadband vertical polarized (V-pol) antenna 300 . The exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 includes two floors 312 and 314 spaced in a first direction (eg, the vertical or height direction represented by h in FIG. 3 ); 3D cavity slot 310 ; antenna feed 320 inside the 3D cavity slot 310 . The two floors 312 and 314 may be examples of the two floors 222 and 224 described in FIG. 2 . For example, the two floors 312 and 314 may be formed by folding flat metal sheets. The 3D cavity slot 310 may be an example of the 3D cavity slot 210 described in FIG. 2 .

The length of the 3D cavity slot 310 is L=λ ₁ /2, the width or height is h, and the depth is d. For example, the 3D cavity slot 310 may be a rectangular parallelepiped, and consists of six sides or faces 302 , 304 , 332 , 334, 342 and 344 definitions. The 3D cavity slot 310 includes slot apertures 350 on the outer side 344, while the other five sides are made of conductive material. The slot aperture 350 may be a vertical slot aperture with a length of L=λ ₁ /2 and a width or height of h.

Of the six sides, the top side 302 and the bottom side 304 are substantially parallel or in the same plane as the floors 312 and 314, respectively. For example, the top side 302 and the bottom side 304 may be two conductive planes formed by portions of the floors 312 and 314, respectively. The top side 302 and the bottom side 304 are substantially parallel and separated by a distance h, which is the width or vertical height of the slot aperture 350 . In some implementations, the width or height h of the slot aperture 350 (and the aforementioned 3D cavity slot 310 ) is configured to be less than 1/10λ ₀ to achieve the small vertical profile of the aforementioned broadband V-pol antenna 300 . As shown in FIG. 3 , the dimension of each of the side surfaces 302 and 304 is L×d, where L is the length of the 3D cavity slot 310 , and d is the depth of the 3D cavity slot 310 .

The 3D cavity slot 310 also has two sides 332 and 334 . The sides 332 and 334 may be two conductive planes made of the same or different materials as the floors 312 and 314 described above. The sides 332 and 334 are substantially parallel and separated by a distance L, which is the length of the slot aperture 350 . As shown in FIG. 3 , the size of each of the sides 333 and 334 is d×h, where d is the depth of the above-mentioned 3D cavity slot 310 .

The 3D cavity slot 310 also has an inner side 342 and an outer side 344 . The inner side 342 may be a conductive plane made of the same or a different material as the floors 312 and 314 described above. The outer side 344 consists of the slot aperture 350 described above. The inner side 342 and the outer side 344 are substantially parallel and separated by a distance d, which is the depth of the 3D cavity slot 310 . As shown in FIG. 3 , the side dimension of each of the inner side 342 and the outer side 344 is L×h, where h is the height of the above-mentioned 3D cavity slot 310 .

The exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 includes the antenna feed 320 (eg, feed line) for exciting the 3D cavity slot 310 within the 3D cavity slot 310 . The antenna feed 320 is used to excite the TE10 mode and generate an electric field (E-field) at the first resonant frequency f ₁ of the exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 along the first direction to achieve Vertical polarization of the exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300.

The antenna feed 320 is short-circuited to the 3D cavity slot 310 , therefore, the antenna feed 320 and the 3D cavity slot 310 form a closed loop, which can generate the 3D cavity slot 310 The magnetic field around the closed loop within the unbalanced TE20 mode is excited.

In some implementations, the antenna feed 320 may be annular, including a horizontal portion 322 along the horizontal or depth direction of the 3D cavity slot 310 , and a vertical portion 322 along the 3D cavity slot 310 or two vertical sections 324 and 326 in the height direction. In some implementations, the horizontal portion 322 is substantially parallel to the floors 312 and 314 described above, and the vertical portion 324 and the floors 312 and 314 are substantially vertical, wherein "substantially vertical" includes vertical or functionally equivalent to vertical , as long as functionality (eg, structural functionality or electrical functionality) can be retained. For example, if the relative angle of the vertical portion 324 to the two floors 312 and 314 is 88 to 92 degrees, the vertical portion 324 is considered to be substantially perpendicular to the two floors 312 and 314 .

As shown in FIG. 3, the horizontal portion 322 of the antenna feed 320 is shorted to one side of the 3D cavity slot 310 (eg, the inner side 342 of the 3D cavity slot 310). In some implementations, the horizontal portion 322 of the antenna feed 320 is connected to the inner side 342 of the 3D cavity slot 310 and extends outward to the outer side 344 and as close to the slot aperture 350 as possible. The size of the horizontal portion 322 is L ₁ ×d ₁ , where L ₁ <L, and d ₁ ≤d. In some implementations, L ₁ is substantially less than L (eg, less than 1/5 or 1/10 of L), and d ₁ is substantially equal to d, such that the horizontal portion 322 extends substantially proximate to the Slot aperture 350, where "substantially equal" includes equal, or slightly larger or smaller (eg, within an acceptable range of 5% or 10%), as long as functionality can be preserved; "substantially close" includes a short distance or Negligible (eg, the distance is less than 1 mm or even 0.1 mm) as long as functionality can be preserved.

Between the aforementioned two vertical portions 324 and 326 , the vertical portion 324 is closer to the slot aperture 350 on the aforementioned outer side 344 , and the vertical portion 326 is closer to the aforementioned outer side 342 . In some implementations, the two vertical portions 324 and 326 are substantially parallel to each other. One end of each of the two vertical portions 324 and 326 is shorted to the horizontal portion 322 of the antenna feed 320, and the other end of each of the two vertical portions 324 and 326 is shorted to the One side of the 3D cavity slot 310 (eg, the top side 302 or the bottom side 304 of the 3D cavity slot 310 ).

For example, in some implementations, one end of the vertical portion 324 extends or connects to the horizontal portion 322 from the outer end of the horizontal portion 322 at or nearer the outer side 344; one end of the vertical portion 326 Extends or connects to the horizontal portion 322 from the inner end of the horizontal portion 322 located at or nearer the inner side 342 . As shown in FIG. 3 , the other end of the vertical portion 324 and the other end of the vertical portion 324 are both shorted to the bottom side 304 of the 3D cavity slot 310 . In some implementations, both the other end of the vertical portion 324 and the other end of the vertical portion 324 may be shorted to the top side 302 of the 3D cavity slot 310 . In other words, although FIG. 3 shows the vertical portions 324 and 326 extending downwardly from the horizontal portion 322 toward the bottom side 304 in the height direction, in other implementations, the vertical portions 324 and 326 may extend from The horizontal portion 322 extends upwardly in the height direction toward the top side 302 .

In some implementations, the vertical portions 324 and 326 may have the same or different shapes and sizes. For example, the size of the vertical portion 324 may be h ₂ ×L ₂ , where h ₂ ≦h and L ₂ ≦L ₁ . The vertical portion 326 may have a size of h ₃ ×L ₃ , where h ₃ ≦h and L ₃ ≦L ₁ . In some implementations, L ₂ and L ₃ are both substantially equal to L ₁ , and h ₂ and h ₃ are substantially equal. h ₂ and h ₃ depend on the relative position of the horizontal portion 322 to the top side 302 or bottom side 304 of the 3D cavity slot 310 . For example, if the horizontal portion 322 is spaced a distance or height from the top side 304 by h ₁ , then h ₂ =h ₃ =h−h ₁ .

In some implementations, the antenna feed 320 described above may pass through a coaxial feed or a stripline feed with the vertical portion 324 of the slot aperture 350 at or as close as possible to the 3D cavity slot 310 Configured and shorted to one side of the 3D cavity slot 310 (eg, top side 302 or bottom side 304) to achieve strong vertical polarization. For example, in some implementations, the vertical portions 324 and 326 may be constructed by bending or folding the antenna feed 320 up or down along the height of the 3D cavity slot 310 . In some implementations, the antenna feed 320 may be embedded in the top side 302 or bottom side 304 of the 3D cavity slot 310 (in some implementations, also referred to as folded floors 312 and 314 ) between the 50Ohm CPW lines and short to the bottom side 304.

In some implementations, the antenna feed 320 may be configured through one or more layers of a PCB to form the above-mentioned horizontal portion 322 and one or more vias of the PCB, further forming the above-mentioned vertical portions 324 and 326 . In some implementations, the antenna feed 320 may be configured in additional ways. For example, the antenna feed 320 may be configured in an L-shape, including the horizontal portion 322 and the vertical portion 324, but not the vertical portion 326, wherein the horizontal portion 322 and the vertical portion 324 are short-circuited to the 3D cavity slot 310 described above. Thus, the antenna feed 320 and the 3D cavity slot 310 form a closed loop, which can generate a magnetic field around the closed loop that can excite the unbalanced TE20 mode in the 3D cavity slot 310 . As an example, in an L-shaped configuration, the antenna feed 320 may short the horizontal portion 322 to the inside 342 of the 3D cavity slot 310 and the vertical portion 324 to the 3D Bottom side 304 of cavity slot 310 . Thus, the antenna feed 320 and the 3D cavity slot 310 form the closed loop.

In some implementations, the antenna feed 320 excites the center of the 3D cavity slot 310 to the 3D cavity slot 310 . Accordingly, the antenna feed 320 may be referred to as an off-focus antenna feed. In some implementations, the position of the antenna feed 320 relative to the sides 332 or 334 of the 3D cavity slot 310 can be configured, eg, to match impedances to achieve a desired return loss or gain profile , or for other purposes. As shown in FIG. 3 , the distance between the antenna feed 320 and the side 334 of the 3D cavity slot 310 is λ ₂ /4, where λ ₂ represents the second distance from the exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 The wavelength corresponding to the _second resonant frequency f2. In some implementations, the antenna feed 320 can be placed at other locations to excite the 3D cavity slot 310 .

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation showing an exemplary return loss 400 of an exemplary broadband V-pol antenna (eg, the exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 described above). The example return loss 400 may be an example mode analysis result of the example broadband V-pol antenna 300 . As shown in FIG. 4 , the return loss (or reflection coefficient as indicated by S11 ) of the exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 at frequencies of 26.3 GHz and 29.9 GHz is both about −10 dB. Therefore, the exemplary wideband V-pol antenna 300 has a large bandwidth and can support the 26.5Ghz to 29.5Ghz frequency band of 5G systems.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation showing an exemplary electric field (E) of an exemplary broadband V-pol antenna (eg, the above-described exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 ) in TE10 mode -field) 500. In this example, the E-field 500 is measured at a first resonant or radiation frequency f ₁ =26.5GHz. As shown in FIG. 5, the vertical portions 324 and 326 of the antenna feed 320 described above excite the TE10 mode. Thus, as indicated by arrow 510, the resulting E-fields 500 are vertical and lined up everywhere along the height or width direction of the slot aperture 350 (also the thickness or height direction of the 3D cavity slot 310), to achieve vertical polarization of the exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 .

FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation showing an exemplary E-field 600 of an exemplary broadband V-pol antenna (eg, the exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 described above) in TE20 mode. In this example, the E-field 600 is measured at the second resonant or radiation frequency f ₂ =29.4 GHz. FIG. 6B is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation showing an exemplary magnetic field (E) of an exemplary broadband V-pol antenna (eg, the exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 described above) in TE20 mode -field)650. In this example, the H-field is measured at a frequency of 29.4Ghz.

As shown in FIG. 6B , the horizontal portion 322 of the antenna feed 320 is shorted to the inner side 342 of the 3D cavity slot 310 , and the vertical portions 324 and 326 of the antenna feed 320 are shorted to the 3D cavity slot 310 The bottom side 304 of the ring feed structure is formed. As shown in FIG. 6A , the annular feed structure is equivalent to a magnetic dipole generated around the annular feed structure that can excite the unbalanced TE20 mode H-field 626 in the 3D cavity slot 310 .

In contrast to the typical balanced TE20 mode with opposite but approximately equal E-fields 602 and 604 as shown in FIG. 6C , in the above unbalanced TE20 mode as shown in FIG. 6A , at the end where the antenna feed 320 is located Has a strong E-field620 and a weaker E-field610 at the other end. The stronger E-field 620 and the weaker E-field 610 are both vertical, but in different directions. Due to the imbalance, the stronger E-field 620 acts mainly on the radiation and enhances the vertical polarization under the endfire coverage. As shown in Figures 11A and 11B and Figures 12A and 12B below, there is still a main beam with good linearity in the radiation pattern.

FIG. 7A is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation showing an exemplary E-field 700 of an exemplary broadband V-pol antenna (eg, the exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 described above) in TE10 mode. In this example, the E-field 500 is measured at a first resonant or radiation frequency f ₁ =26.5GHz. FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram provided by one implementation, showing an exemplary E-field 730 of the exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 in the unbalanced TE20 mode described above. In this example, the E-field is measured at the second resonant frequency or radiation frequency f ₂ =29.5GHz.

FIG. 7C is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation showing an exemplary H-field 760 of the exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 in the TE10 mode described above. In this example, the E-field 500 is measured at a first resonant or radiation frequency f ₁ =26.5GHz. FIG. 7D is a schematic diagram provided by one implementation, showing an exemplary H-field 790 of the exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 in the unbalanced TE20 mode described above. In this example, the E-field is measured at the second resonant frequency or radiation frequency f ₂ =29.5GHz.

FIG. 8A is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation showing portions of another exemplary 3D slot antenna 800 . The exemplary 3D slot antenna 800 includes: two floors 812 and 814 ; a 3D cavity slot 810 formed between the floors 812 and 814 ; an antenna feed 820 within the 3D cavity slot 810 . The 3D cavity slot 810 may have the same structure as the 3D cavity slot 310 of the exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 described above. The antenna feed 820 is a detector feed shorted to the floors 812 and 814 . The antenna feed 820 may be offset and the relative distance from the side 834 of the 3D cavity slot 810 is feed_x. However, unlike the antenna feed 320 of the exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 which would form a loop feed structure that excites unbalanced TE20 modes (eg, through the L-shaped antenna feed 320), the detector antenna The feed 820 does not generate the second resonant frequency to achieve the large bandwidth of the exemplary 3D slot antenna 800 .

FIG. 8B is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation showing an exemplary return loss 850 of another exemplary 3D slot antenna 800 . The example return loss 850 indicates that the shorted detector antenna feed 820 does not generate the second resonant frequency even if the offset distance feed_x is different. Accordingly, the exemplary 3D slot antenna 800 does not have a large bandwidth to support broadband communication for 5G systems over the 26.5GHz to 29.5GHz frequency band.

FIG. 9A is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation showing portions of yet another exemplary 3D slot antenna 900 . The exemplary 3D slot antenna 900 includes: two floors 912 and 914; a 3D cavity slot 910 formed between the floors 912 and 914; an antenna feed 920 within the 3D cavity slot 910 . The 3D cavity slot 910 may have the same structure as the 3D cavity slot 310 of the exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 described above. The antenna feed 920 is an open ended L-shaped detector feed that is neither shorted or connected to either of the floors 912 and 914 nor to the inside of the 3D cavity slot 910 942. The antenna feed 920 may be offset and the relative distance from the side 934 of the 3D cavity slot 910 is feed_x. However, unlike the exemplary broadband that is a closed-ended antenna feed due to its ends being shorted or connected to the inner side 342 and bottom side 304 of the 3D cavity slot 310 (which may also be the floors 312 and 314 described above), respectively The antenna feed 320 of the V-pol antenna 300, the open-ended L-shaped detector antenna feed 920 does not generate a second resonant frequency to achieve the large bandwidth of the exemplary 3D slot antenna 900.

FIG. 9B is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation showing an example return loss 950 of yet another example 3D slot antenna 900 . The exemplary return loss 950 indicates that the open-ended L-type detector antenna feed 920 does not generate the second resonant frequency even if the offset distance feed_x is different. Accordingly, the exemplary 3D slot antenna 900 does not have a large bandwidth to support wideband communications for 5G systems over the 26.5GHz to 29.5GHz frequency band.

10A and 10B are schematic diagrams provided for one implementation showing the gain diagram of the exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 described above. Specifically, FIG. 10A shows a gain diagram 1000 of the exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 at 26.5 GHz supported by the TE10 mode. The main lobe direction (direction of maximum gain) 1010 is Theta = 92° and Phi = 84°, and points substantially in the vertical direction (ie, the Z axis shown in FIG. 10A ). As shown in FIG. 10A, the vertical direction is the height or thickness direction of the exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300, perpendicular to the aforementioned floors 312 and 314 in the directions indicated by the X and Y axes.

FIG. 10B shows a gain diagram 1050 of the exemplary wideband V-pol antenna 300 at 29.5 GHz supported by the unbalanced TE20 mode. The main lobe direction (maximum gain direction) 1015 is Theta=102° and Phi=74°, slightly skewed from the vertical direction (ie, the Z-axis shown in FIG. 10B ).

Figures 11A and 11B provide schematic diagrams 1100 and 1150 for one implementation showing the gain and angle plots of an exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 at a first resonant frequency in the E-plane and H-plane, respectively. Specifically, FIG. 11A shows the E-plane co-polarization (co-pol) 1110 and crossover of the exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 at a first resonant frequency of 26.5 GHz and Phi=90° Polarization (cross-polarization, x-pol) 1120. FIG. 11B shows the H-plane co-polarization (co-pol) 1130 and cross-polarization (x) of the exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 at 26.5 GHz and Phi=90° -pol)1140. The low cross-polarization on both the E-plane and the H-plane indicates that the exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 provides good linearity at a first resonant frequency of 26.5 GHz.

Figures 12A and 12B provide schematic diagrams 1200 and 1250 for one implementation showing gain and angle plots for an exemplary broadband V-pol antenna at a second resonant frequency at the E-plane and H-plane, respectively. Specifically, FIG. 12A shows the E-plane co-polarization (co-pol) 1210 and crossover of the exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 at a second resonant frequency of 29.5 GHz and Phi=90° Polarization (cross-polarization, x-pol) 1220. FIG. 12B shows the H-plane co-polarization (co-pol) 1230 and cross-polarization (x) of the exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 at 29.5 GHz and Phi=90° -pol)1240. The low cross-polarization on both the E-plane and the H-plane indicates that the exemplary broadband V-pol antenna 300 provides good linearity at the second resonant frequency of 29.5 GHz.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram provided by an implementation showing an exemplary array gain 1300 of an exemplary broadband V-pol antenna array. The exemplary wideband V-pol antenna array includes four exemplary wideband V-pol antennas 300 . The exemplary array gain 1300 represents the direction of maximum gain 1310 aligned with the Y-axis direction, ie, the direction when Phi=90°.

Implementations of the subject matter and functional operations described herein can be implemented as digital electronic circuitry, tangible computer software or firmware, computer hardware, including the structures disclosed herein and their structural equivalents, or as one or more of them a combination of. Implementations of the subject matter described herein can be implemented as one or more computer programs, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions, encoded on a tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable computer storage medium for data transfer by The processing device performs or controls the operation of the data processing device. Alternatively or additionally, the program instructions may be encoded in a human-generated propagated signal (eg, a machine-generated electrical, optical or electromagnetic signal) used to encode information for transmission to a suitable receiver means for execution by the data processing means. The computer storage medium may be a machine-readable storage device, a machine-readable storage substrate, a random or serial access memory device, or a combination of computer storage media.

The terms "data processing apparatus," "computer," or "electronic computer equipment" (or equivalents as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art) refer to data processing hardware and include all apparatus, equipment, and machines used to process data, including, for example, Programmable processor, computer or multiple processors or computers. The device may also be or may also include a dedicated logic circuit such as a central processing unit (CPU), an FPGA (field programmable gate array, field programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit, application-specific integrated circuit). . In some implementations, the data processing apparatus or special purpose logic circuitry (or a combination of the data processing apparatus and special purpose logic circuitry) may be hardware or software based (or a combination of hardware and software based). The apparatus may optionally include code that creates an execution environment for the computer program, eg, code that constitutes a combination of processor firmware, protocol stacks, database management systems, operating systems, or execution environments. The present invention contemplates the use of data processing devices with or without conventional operating systems such as Linux, Unix, Windows, MAC OS, Android, iOS or any other suitable conventional operating system.

A computer program, which may also be called or described as a program, software, software application, module, software module, script, or code, may be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or literal, declarative, or procedural languages, and may Deploy in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. Computer programs may, but need not, correspond to files in a file system. Programs may be stored in a portion of a file that includes other programs or data, for example, in a markup language document, in a single file dedicated to the associated program, or in multiple coordination files (e.g., storing one or more modules, subprograms, or part of the code file) in one or more scripts. A computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers that are located at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communication network. Although portions of the programs in the various figures are shown as separate modules implementing various features and functions through various objects, methods, or other processes, the programs may also include multiple sub-modules, third-party services, components, libraries, etc., depending on the Depends. Rather, the features and functions of the various components described may be combined into a single module, as appropriate. Thresholds for computational determination may be statically, dynamically or both statically and dynamically determined.

Various methods, processes or logic flows described herein can be performed by one or more programmable computers executing one or more computer programs to operate on input data and generate output to perform the function. The methods, processes, or logic flows can also be performed by, and apparatus can also be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry, eg, a CPU, FPGA, or ASIC.

Computers suitable for the execution of a computer program may be based on general and/or special purpose microprocessors, as well as any other type of CPU. Typically, a CPU receives instructions and data from read-only memory (ROM) and/or random access memory (RAM). Computer elements include: a CPU to run or execute instructions; and one or more memory devices to store instructions and data. Typically, a computer also includes one or more mass storage devices, such as magnetic, magneto-optical or optical disks, for storing data; or the computer is suitably coupled to receive data from and/or the one or more mass storage devices Transfer data to the one or more mass storage devices. However, a computer does not need such a device. Additionally, the computer can be embedded in another device, such as a mobile phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), mobile audio and video player, gaming console, global positioning system (GPS) receiver, or portable Storage devices such as universal serial bus (USB) flash drives, and the like.

Computer-readable media (transitory or non-transitory, as the case may be) suitable for storage of computer program instructions and data include various forms of non-volatile memory, media, and memory devices, including, for example, semiconductor memory devices, such as Erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks or removable Magnetic or magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM, DVD+/–R, DVD-RAM and DVD-ROM discs. The memory may store various objects or data, including caches, classes, frameworks, applications, backup data, functions, web pages, web page templates, database tables, repositories for storing dynamic information, and any other suitable information, including any parameters, variables , algorithms, directives, rules, constraints or references thereto. Additionally, the memory may include any other suitable data, such as logs, policies, security or access data, report files, and other data. The processor and memory may be supplemented by or incorporated in special purpose logic circuitry.

In order to provide interaction with a user, implementations of the subject matter described herein can be implemented on a computer having a display device that displays information to the user, eg, CRT (cathode ray tube), LCD (liquid crystal tube) display, LED (light emitting diode, light emitting diode), or plasma monitoring, and the user can provide the computer with a keyboard and pointing device for input, such as a mouse, trackball, or trackpad. Input to the computer may also be provided using a touch screen, which may be, for example, a tablet computer surface with pressure sensitivity, a multi-touch screen using capacitive or inductive, or other types of touch screens. Other types of devices may also be used to provide interaction with the user. For example, the feedback provided to the user may be any form of sensory feedback, eg, visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback; input from the user may be received in any form, including audio, verbal, or tactile input. Additionally, a computer may interact with a user by sending files to or receiving files from a device used by the user, eg, by sending a web page on the user's client device to a web browser in response to a request received from the web browser.

A "graphical user interface" or "GUI" may be used one or more to describe one or more graphical user interfaces and each display of a particular graphical user interface. Thus, a GUI may represent any graphical user interface including, but not limited to, a web browser, a touch screen, or a command line interface (CLI) for processing information and efficiently displaying information results to a user. Typically, a GUI may include a number of user interface (UI) elements, eg, interaction fields, drop-down lists, buttons, some or all of which are associated with a web browser. The above and other UI elements may relate to or represent the functionality of the web browser.

Implementations of the subject matter described herein may be implemented in a computing system including back-end components, such as a data server, or in a computing system including middleware components, such as an application server, or in a computing system including front-end components, such as with graphics A user interface or client computer of a web browser whereby a user interacts with implementations of the subject matter described herein, or a computing system including any combination of one or more of the described backend, middleware, frontend components realized in. These components of the system may be interconnected in any form or medium of wired or wireless digital data communications (or combination of data communications), such as a communications network. Examples of such communication networks include local area network (LAN), radio access network (RAN), metropolitan area network (MAN), wide area network (WAN), worldwide microwave access Interoperability for microwave access (WIMAX), wireless local area network (WLAN), for example using 802.11a/b/g/n or 802.20 (or a combination of 802.11x and 802.20, or others consistent with the present invention protocol), all or part of the Internet, or any other communication system or system (or combination of communication networks) in one or more locations. For example, the network may communicate with appropriate information between internet protocol (IP) packets, frame relay frames, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) cells, voice, video, data, or other network addresses ( or a combination of communication types) to communicate.

The computing system may include clients and servers. Typically, clients and servers are remote from each other, typically interacting through a communication network. The relationship between client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and by having a client-server relationship to each other.

While many implementation-specific details are contained herein, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention or the scope of the claims, but rather as descriptions of features of a particular implementation of a particular invention. Certain features that are described herein in the context of separate implementations can also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable subcombination. Furthermore, although features may be described above as being implemented in certain combinations, even though initially claimed, in A combination of protection can be directed to a subcombination or a variation of a subcombination.

Specific implementations of this topic are described. Other implementations, modifications and arrangements of the above-mentioned implementations are included in the scope of the following claims, which can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art. Although various operations are described in the drawings or claims in a particular order, this should not be construed as requiring that the operations be performed in the particular order shown, or sequential order, or that all operations shown be performed (some operations may be viewed as is optional) to achieve the desired result. In some cases, multitasking or parallel processing (or a combination of multitasking and parallel processing) may be advantageous and such execution is deemed appropriate.

In addition, the separation or integration of various system modules and components in the above-described implementations should not be construed as requiring such separation or integration in all implementations, nor should it be understood that the program components and systems generally Can be integrated in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products.

Accordingly, the exemplary implementations described above do not define or limit the invention. Other changes, substitutions, and alterations are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Additionally, any claimed implementation is deemed applicable to: at least one computer-implemented method; a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-readable instructions for performing the computer-implemented method; a computer system, A computer memory is included that is interoperably coupled to a hardware processor for executing the computer-implemented method or the instructions stored in the non-transitory computer-readable medium.

Claims (27)

1. an antenna, is characterized in that, comprises: two floors spaced apart in the first direction; a three-dimensional (3D) cavity slot between the two floors, wherein the 3D cavity slot includes an aperture in the first direction; an antenna feed for exciting the antenna in the 3D cavity slot, wherein the antenna feed is short-circuited to the 3D cavity slot, and the antenna feed and the 3D cavity slot form one a closed loop capable of generating a magnetic field around the closed loop that can excite an unbalanced TE20 mode within the 3D cavity slot; The 3D cavity slot is a cuboid, the 3D cavity slot includes a top side, a bottom side, an inner side and an outer side, the top side and the bottom side are arranged parallel to the first direction, and the top side is parallel to the bottom side. The side and the bottom side are respectively formed by the parts of the two floors; the inner side and the outer side are arranged in parallel along the depth direction of the 3D cavity slot, and the aperture is arranged on the outer side; The antenna feed includes a loop antenna feed. 2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the loop antenna feed comprises: a first portion substantially parallel to at least one of the two floors; a second portion substantially perpendicular to one of the two floors; a third portion substantially perpendicular to one of the two floors, wherein the second portion is closer to the aperture than the third portion. 3. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the second portion is substantially proximate to the aperture. 4. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the length of the aperture is λ ₁ /2, wherein λ ₁ represents a wavelength corresponding to the first resonant frequency f ₁ of the antenna . 5. The antenna of claim 4, wherein the antenna feed excites the TE10 mode and generates an E-field at the _first resonant frequency f1 of the antenna along the first direction to achieve the vertical polarization of the antenna. 6 . The antenna of claim 4 , wherein the aperture has a width w, and the w is substantially smaller than λ ₁ /10. 7 . 7. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the distance between the antenna feed and one end of the aperture is λ ₂ /4, wherein λ ₂ represents the second distance from the antenna. _The wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency f2. 8. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the two floors are composed of a first layer and a second layer of a printed circuit board (PCB), and the antenna The feed consists of a third or more layers of the PCB and one or more vias of the PCB. 9 . The antenna of claim 7 , wherein the antenna is vertically polarized along the first direction, and the first direction is the thickness direction of the PCB. 10 . 10. A wireless device, comprising: An antenna comprising: two floors spaced apart in the first direction; a three-dimensional (3D) cavity slot between the two floors, wherein the 3D cavity slot includes an aperture in the first direction; an antenna feed for exciting the antenna in the 3D cavity slot, wherein the antenna feed is short-circuited to the 3D cavity slot, and the antenna feed and the 3D cavity slot form one a closed loop capable of generating a magnetic field around the closed loop that can excite an unbalanced TE20 mode within the 3D cavity slot; The 3D cavity slot is a cuboid, the 3D cavity slot includes a top side, a bottom side, an inner side and an outer side, the top side and the bottom side are arranged parallel to the first direction, and the top side is parallel to the bottom side. The side and the bottom side are respectively formed by the parts of the two floors; the inner side and the outer side are arranged in parallel along the depth direction of the 3D cavity slot, and the aperture is arranged on the outer side; The antenna feed includes a loop antenna feed. 11. The wireless device of claim 10, wherein the loop antenna feed comprises: a first portion substantially parallel to at least one of the two floors; a second portion substantially perpendicular to one of the two floors; a third portion substantially perpendicular to one of the two floors, wherein the second portion is closer to the aperture than the third portion. 12. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein the second portion is substantially proximate to the aperture. 13. The wireless device according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the length of the aperture is λ ₁ /2, wherein λ ₁ represents a first resonance frequency f ₁ of the antenna corresponding to wavelength. 14. The wireless device of claim 13, wherein the antenna feed excites a TE10 mode and generates an E-field along the _first direction at a first resonant frequency f1 of the antenna to A vertical polarization of the antenna is achieved. 15. The wireless device of claim 13, wherein the aperture has a width w, and the w is substantially smaller than λ ₁ /10. 16. The wireless device according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the distance between the antenna feed and one end of the aperture is λ ₂ /4, where λ ₂ represents the first distance between the antenna feed and the antenna. The wavelength corresponding to the _second resonant frequency f2. 17. The wireless device according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the two floors are composed of a first layer and a second layer of a printed circuit board (PCB), the The antenna feed consists of the third or more layers of the PCB and one or more vias of the PCB. 18. The wireless device of claim 17, wherein the antenna is vertically polarized along the first direction, and the first direction is a thickness direction of the PCB. 19. An antenna array, characterized in that it comprises: A plurality of antennas, wherein each antenna includes: two floors spaced apart in the first direction; a three-dimensional (3D) cavity slot between the two floors, wherein the 3D cavity slot includes an aperture in the first direction; an antenna feed for exciting the antenna in the 3D cavity slot, wherein the antenna feed is short-circuited to the 3D cavity slot, and the antenna feed and the 3D cavity slot form one a closed loop capable of generating a magnetic field around the closed loop that can excite an unbalanced TE20 mode within the 3D cavity slot; The 3D cavity slot is a cuboid, the 3D cavity slot includes a top side, a bottom side, an inner side and an outer side, the top side and the bottom side are arranged parallel to the first direction, and the top side is parallel to the bottom side. The side and the bottom side are respectively formed by the parts of the two floors; the inner side and the outer side are arranged in parallel along the depth direction of the 3D cavity slot, and the aperture is arranged on the outer side; The antenna feed includes a loop antenna feed. 20. The antenna array of claim 19, wherein the loop antenna feed comprises: a first portion substantially parallel to at least one of the two floors; a second portion substantially perpendicular to one of the two floors; a third portion substantially perpendicular to one of the two floors, wherein the second portion is closer to the aperture than the third portion. 21. The antenna array of claim 20, wherein the second portion is substantially proximate to the aperture. 22. The antenna array according to any one of claims 19 to 21, wherein the length of the aperture is λ ₁ /2, wherein λ ₁ represents the first resonant frequency f ₁ of the antenna. wavelength. 23. The antenna array of claim 22, wherein the antenna feed excites a TE10 mode and generates an E-field along the _first direction at a first resonant frequency f1 of the antenna to A vertical polarization of the antenna is achieved. 24. The antenna array of claim 22, wherein the aperture has a width w which is substantially less than λ ₁ /10. 25. The antenna array according to any one of claims 19 to 21, wherein the distance between the antenna feed and one end of the aperture is λ ₂ /4, where λ ₂ represents the second distance from the antenna. The wavelength corresponding to the _second resonant frequency f2. 26. The antenna array according to any one of claims 19 to 21, wherein the two floors are composed of a first layer and a second layer of a printed circuit board (PCB), the The antenna feed consists of the third or more layers of the PCB and one or more vias of the PCB. 27. The antenna array of claim 26, wherein each antenna is vertically polarized along the first direction, the first direction being the thickness direction of the PCB.

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