CN112800593A - Free piston linear generator matching optimization method based on engine - Google Patents
Free piston linear generator matching optimization method based on engine Download PDFInfo
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- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
- F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
- F02B63/041—Linear electric generators
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- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Abstract
The invention provides a free piston linear generator matching optimization method based on an engine, which belongs to a new energy automobile range extender and comprises the following processes: pre-selecting rated power as P1The power of the linear motor is P2Mover mass is m2，P2＝P1(ii) a Determining systemTotal mass m ═ m1+m2And determining the output power P of the system according to the total mass mPractice of(ii) a Determining whether or not | (P) is satisfiedPractice of‑P1)/P1I is less than or equal to N, if (P)Practice of‑P1)/P1<(-N), then the rotor mass m of the motor is reduced2Determining the output power P 'of the system under the optimal total mass of the rotor'Practice ofAnd is according to P'Practice ofCarrying out re-model selection on the engine to match with new engine power P'1Then repeating the above process; if (P)Practice of‑P1)/P1>N, then increase the mover mass m of the motor2Determining system output power P 'under optimal total rotor mass'Practice ofAnd is according to P'Practice ofCarrying out re-model selection on the engine to match with new engine power P'1And then the above process is repeated.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure belongs to the technical field of new energy automobile range extenders, and particularly relates to a free piston linear generator matching optimization method based on an engine.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The Free Piston Linear Generator (FPLG) converts heat energy generated by combustion of an internal combustion engine into electric energy through a motor to be output, can replace an auxiliary power unit of an extended-range hybrid electric vehicle, is used as a novel power device, and is an important research direction of a future new energy vehicle power system.
The internal combustion engine in the FPLG system has similar thermodynamic principles with the traditional internal combustion engine, but structurally omits a crankshaft and a flywheel mechanism, converts heat energy generated by combustion into required energy through a motor and outputs the energy, and has a plurality of potential performance advantages of high efficiency, low oil consumption and the like.
The FPLG structurally connects an engine and a linear motor in series, wherein an engine piston, a connecting rod and a linear motor rotor are connected to form a system rotor assembly. When the linear motor is started, the linear motor serves as a motor to drag the rotor to move until a starting condition is reached; and then, the engine ignites and burns to push the rotor to move, and the linear motor is used as a generator to generate electricity. The heat energy generated by the engine is used for providing enough kinetic energy to move the rotor to the designed position on one hand, and the rest energy is used for generating electricity on the other hand because friction or heat dissipation is consumed. When the working frequency of the FPLG system is fixed, the energy consumed by friction, heat dissipation and the like tends to be stable, and the kinetic energy of the rotor can also be regarded as a constant, so that the energy output by the engine is in direct proportion to the electric energy generated by the motor, and the engine and the linear motor need to be coordinated and matched with each other when the FPLG works. If the two are poorly matched, the problems of low system working frequency and unmatched engine rated power and motor rated power can be caused, so that the engine and the linear motor can not work in the best state, the working efficiency is low, phenomena such as 'large horse pulls a trolley or power is insufficient' occur, and the advantages of the FPLG can not be exerted. For example, when the engine rated power of a certain FPLG system is 3kW, if a linear motor with the rated power of 3kW is designed to match the engine power, the problems of "the working frequency of the actual FPLG system is low due to the large mass of the mover assemblies such as the motor mover and the piston, and the actual output of the system is only 1.5 kW" may occur, so that the engine and the linear motor do not work in the optimal state, and the overall efficiency of the system is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a matching optimization method of a free piston linear generator based on an engine, the engine and a linear motor can be effectively utilized through the optimization method, and the overall operation efficiency of a system is improved.
At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides an engine-based free piston linear generator matching optimization method, which includes the following processes:
the method comprises the following steps: pre-selecting rated power as P1And the mover has a mass m1According to the rated power of the engine, the rated power is designed to be P2In which P is2＝P1(ii) a The rotor of the linear motor has mass m2The total mass m of the rotor of the system is m1+m2；
Step two: determining output power P of system according to total mass m of system rotorPractice of(ii) a Determining whether or not | (P) is satisfiedPractice of-P1)/P1Less than or equal to N, wherein N is a threshold value; if the requirements are met, optimization is not needed;
if (P)Practice of-P1)/P1<(-N), then the rotor mass m of the motor is reduced2Determining the optimal total mass m of the system rotorSuperior foodOutput Power P 'of Down System'Practice ofAnd is according to P'Practice ofCarrying out reselection matching on the engine to determine new engine power P'1Then repeating the step two;
if (P)Practice of-P1)/P1>N, then increase the mover mass m of the motor2Determining the optimal total mass m of the system rotorSuperior foodOutput Power P 'of Down System'Practice ofAnd is according to P'Practice ofCarrying out reselection matching on the engine to determine new engine power P'1And then repeating the step two.
Further, after the total mass m of the system mover is determined, the actual operating frequency f of the system can also be determined.
Further, the rotor mass m of the motor is reduced2Determining the optimal total mass m of the system rotorSuperior foodOutput Power P 'of Down System'Practice ofThe method comprises the following steps:
the motor rotor is provided with a mass m2Gradually reducing according to a preset step length delta m to obtain the total mass m of the plurality of system rotors and obtain the optimal total mass m of the rotorsSuperior foodAnd the optimal total rotor mass mSuperior foodThe actual output power of the system.
Further, the rotor mass m of the motor is increased2Determining output power P 'of system under total mass of rotor of optimal system'Practice ofThe method comprises the following steps:
the motor rotor is provided with a mass m2Gradually increasing according to a preset step length delta m to further obtain the total mass m of the plurality of system rotors and obtain the optimal total mass m of the rotorsSuperior foodAnd the optimal total rotor mass mSuperior foodThe actual output power of the system.
Further, according to a stepwise decreasing or increasing motor mover mass m2Establishing a system rotor total mass m, a system working frequency f and an actual output power curve chart of the system, and obtaining the optimal rotor total mass according to the power curve chartmSuperior foodAnd the optimal total rotor mass mSuperior foodThe actual output power of the system.
Further, at the optimal mover mass mSuperior foodDown, system actual output Power P'Practice ofCan be mixed with P2And (4) matching.
Further, an optimal mover mass m is determinedSuperior foodRated power P 'of linear motor of lower design'2And is according to P'2And (5) carrying out re-model selection matching on the engine to complete the first matching optimization design.
Further, the threshold N may be adjusted according to the precision requirement after the matching optimization.
At least one embodiment of the present disclosure also provides an electronic device comprising a memory and a processor and computer instructions stored on the memory and executed on the processor, wherein the computer instructions, when executed by the processor, perform a method for engine-based free piston linear generator matching optimization as described above.
At least one embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a computer readable storage medium for storing computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, perform a method for engine-based free piston linear generator matching optimization as described above.
The beneficial effects of this disclosure are as follows:
(1) according to the matching optimization method of the free piston linear generator based on the engine, the linear motor matched with the engine is designed or selected according to the engine parameters, then whether the motor is matched with the engine or not is calculated through a matching optimization algorithm, if the motor is not matched with the engine, the motor design and the engine model selection are improved, the optimal matching of the engine and the linear motor is finally obtained, the engine and the linear motor can be effectively utilized, and the overall operation efficiency of the system is improved.
(2) The free piston linear generator matching optimization method based on the engine can avoid the phenomenon of insufficient power or overlarge power of the engine, so that the engine and the linear motor can work in a matching mode.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure and are not to limit the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an overall structure of a back-mounted FPLG system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for optimizing engine-based free piston linear generator matching provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a plot of piston mass versus operating frequency of the system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a graph of piston mass versus output power of the system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
In the figure: 1. the test bed comprises a left side cylinder, 2, a machine body and a linear motor, 3, a right side cylinder, 4, a connecting flange and a bolt, 5, a constraint support and a bolt, 6, a test bed, 7 and a rotor assembly.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
It should be noted that, the embodiment of the present disclosure is described with a back-mounted FPLG, an engine is disposed at two ends of a spindle of a linear motor in a back-mounted FPLG, as shown in fig. 1, the FPLG has a structure in which a linear motor 2 is disposed in the middle, the linear motor 2 has two functions of a motor and a generator, the linear motor 2 is mounted on a test bed 6 through a base, the base is fixed on the test bed 6 through a constraint bracket and a bolt, two ends of the linear motor are respectively connected to a left cylinder 1 and a right cylinder 3, both of the two cylinders are connected to the linear motor through a connecting flange and a bolt 4, and are simultaneously connected to a mover assembly 7, where the mover assembly 7 includes a piston, a connecting rod, a motor mover, and the like.
The first embodiment is as follows:
referring now to fig. 2, a method for optimizing engine-based free piston linear generator matching will be described in detail, the method comprising the steps of:
firstly, initially selecting the rated power of the engine as P1The rotational speed at rated power operation is n1Rated operating frequency of f1Maximum output torque of T1Piston and connecting rod mass m1；
The motor power is P2Mover mass is m2The total mass of the rotor of the system is m, the actual output frequency of the system is f, and the actual output power of the system is PPractice ofThe total mass of the optimal rotor of the system is mSuperior foodCorresponding to an operating frequency of fSuperior food。
The engine-based optimization matching design method of the embodiment comprises the following specific processes:
(1) preliminarily selecting the engine according to the output requirement of the FPLG system, and assuming that the rated power of the preliminarily selected engine is P1The rotational speed at which the rated power is reached is n1Corresponding to an operating frequency of f1Maximum output torque of T1。
The above-mentioned parameter relationships are approximately satisfied
(2) According to the engine power P1Press P2＝P1The linear motor matched with the relation design or selection is adopted, and the mass of a rotor of the linear motor is m2。
(3) After initial matching, the sum of the masses of the system rotor assemblies is m ═ m1+m2。
(4) Determining the actual working frequency of the system: the FPLG engine works under a rated working condition, after the total mass m of the rotor of the system is determined, the actual running frequency f of the system can be basically determined, and the actual motion frequency f is determined as follows:
from kinetic analysis it is possible to obtain: in the motion process, the motion acceleration of the rotor is as follows:
wherein: a, moving acceleration of the rotor, m: mover mass, Fp left: left cylinder gas pressure, Fpdirement (p): gas pressure of right cylinder, Ff: frictional force, Fe: an electromagnetic force.
In the process that the rotor moves from a top dead center on one side to a top dead center on the other side, the expression of the speed is as follows:
and if the displacement of the rotor from the top dead center on one side to the top dead center on the other side is S, the corresponding stroke and speed relationship of the process satisfies the following formula:
when the stroke displacement S is determined and the real-time moving speed v of the mover is determined, the stroke running time T can be obtained according to the formula (4), the actual moving frequency f of the system is 1/2T, and the corresponding actual output power PPractice ofCan be calculated according to equation (1).
(5) Comparing the actual output power PPractice ofAnd rated power P of engine1And judging whether the FPLG system engine and the linear motor are matched and whether optimization is needed.
(6) If the actual power PPractice ofAnd rated power P1And the similarity indicates that the initially matched FPLG system engine and the linear motor are well matched, and the initially matched FPLG system engine and the linear motor can work in a coordinated mode without optimization design. The present embodiment sets the relative error threshold of the actual power and the rated power to 10%, that is, satisfies | (P)Practice of-P1)/P1When the | is less than or equal to 10%, the two are considered to be approximately equal.
It should be noted that the relative error threshold value between the actual power of the system and the rated power of the engine can be adjusted according to the matching optimization precision requirement.
Further, when (P)Practice of-P1)/P1|>When the power is 10%, the difference between the actual output power of the FPLG and the rated power of the engine is large, the system needs to be matched again for optimization design, and the specific matching process is as follows:
(7) if FPLG actual power PPractice of<P1And (P)Practice of-P1)/P1<(-10%) shows that the total mass of the rotor of the system is relatively large, the actual working frequency of the system is lower than the rated working frequency of the engine, and the power P actually output by the systemPractice ofIs also higher than the rated power P1Low. At the moment, the quality of a system rotor is reduced, the working frequency of the system is improved, and the actual output power is further improved.
(8) If FPLG actual power PPractice of>P1And (P)Practice of-P1)/P1>10 percent, the system rotor has lighter weight, the actual working frequency of the system is higher than the rated working frequency of the engine, and the power P actually output by the systemPractice ofIs also higher than the rated power P1High. At the moment, the power of the engine is insufficient, the mass of a rotor of the system is increased, the working frequency of the system is reduced, and the actual output power is further reduced.
(9) And (3) performing matching optimization on the system under the condition that the step (7) is met, wherein the optimization process is as follows, referring to figure 2,
1) initially selecting engine parameters unchanged, and redesigning or selecting a matched motor; 2) motor rotor mass m2Gradually reducing according to a preset step length delta m, further reducing the total mass m of the system rotors, wherein the reduced total mass m of each system rotor corresponds to one system actual working frequency f and one system actual output power PPractice of. By calculating working frequency and output power under different total masses of the rotor, the mass m and the working frequency f of the rotor, the mass m and the working frequency m of the rotor, and the output power P of the rotor can be obtainedPractice ofThe correspondence curves refer to fig. 3 and 4; 3) obtaining the optimal mover mass m based on the relation curves obtained in the figures 3 and 4Superior foodAt the optimal mover mass mSuperior foodActual output power P corresponding to actual working frequency f of systemPractice ofMaximum, and redesignable motor power P2And (4) matching.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3-4, a corresponding relationship curve of the total mass of the FPLG mover and the system operating frequency and a corresponding relationship curve of the total mass of the mover and the system operating power are shown. When the in-cylinder combustion condition is unchanged, the system operating frequency f increases as the mass of the system mover decreases. However, the system output power P has a maximum value under different rotor masses. As can be seen from the figure, for the FPLG system, when the mass of the rotor of the system is 2.5kg, the output power P of the system is highest, the power which can be actually output by the system is about 2.9kW, and the rated power of the motor is close to 3kW under the mass of the rotor, which shows that the actual output power of the system is basically matched with the rated power of the motor, therefore, m is mSuperior food2.5kg, corresponding to a frequency fSuperior food。
4) According to the optimal rotor mass mSuperior foodCorresponding redesigned motor rated power P2Re-selecting the engine to be matched with the engine to make P1＝P2Completing a matching process of the engine and the linear motor; 5) after the engine and the linear motor are re-selected or designed, the actual rotor mass m and the initial optimized mass m of the systemSuperior foodAnd if a certain difference exists, the actual working frequency or power of the system needs to be recalculated, and whether secondary matching optimization is performed or not is judged. The judging and secondary optimization matching process can repeat the steps (6) - (10).
(10) Furthermore, matching optimization is needed for the condition meeting the condition (8), the matching optimization process is similar to the process meeting the condition optimization of the step (7), the main difference is that the quality of a system rotor is increased under the condition meeting the condition (8), and the specific process is as follows: the rotor mass is designed to be increased according to a preset step length delta m, and the increased rotor mass, the corresponding working frequency and the output power are calculated to obtain the optimal rotor mass mSuperior foodAnd correspondingly matched motor power P2And according to P2And reselecting the engine with matched power to complete a matching optimization process. And (5) after the primary matching optimization, repeating the steps (6) to (10) to judge whether secondary optimization matching is needed.
Finally, it should be noted that, regardless of whether the matching optimization is performed on the system in the case of step (7) or step (8), steps (6) - (10) are repeated again until the condition (P) is satisfiedPractice of-P1)/P1And if the | is less than or equal to 10%, completing matching optimization.
Therefore, according to the matching optimization method of the free piston linear generator based on the engine, the linear motor matched with the engine is designed or selected according to the engine parameters, then whether the motor is matched with the engine is calculated through a matching optimization algorithm, if the motor is not matched with the engine, the motor design and the engine model selection are improved, the optimal matching between the engine and the linear motor is finally obtained, the linear motor and the engine can be effectively utilized, and the overall operation efficiency of the system is improved.
Example two:
an object of this embodiment is to provide an electronic device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the engine-based free piston linear generator matching optimization method according to one embodiment.
Example three:
it is an object of the present embodiment to provide a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, performs the engine-based free piston linear generator matching optimization method provided by the first embodiment.
The steps involved in the second to third embodiments correspond to the first embodiment of the method, and the detailed description thereof can be found in the relevant description of the first embodiment. The term "computer-readable storage medium" should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media containing one or more sets of instructions; it should also be understood to include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions for execution by a processor and that cause the processor to perform any of the methods of the present disclosure.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure and not to limit, although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present disclosure.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A free piston linear generator matching optimization method based on an engine is characterized by comprising the following processes:
the method comprises the following steps: pre-selecting rated power as P1And the mover has a mass m1According to the rated power of the engine, the rated power is designed to be P2In which P is2＝P1(ii) a The rotor of the linear motor has mass m2The total mass m of the rotor of the system is m1+m2；
Step two: determining output power P of system according to total mass m of system rotorPractice of(ii) a Determining whether or not | (P) is satisfiedPractice of-P1)/P1Less than or equal to N, wherein N is a threshold value; if the requirements are met, optimization is not needed;
if (P)Practice of-P1)/P1<(-N), then the rotor mass m of the motor is reduced2Determining the optimal total mass m of the system rotorSuperior foodOutput Power P 'of Down System'Practice ofAnd is according to P'Practice ofCarrying out re-model selection on the engine to match with new engine power P'1Then repeating the step two;
if (P)Practice of-P1)/P1>N, then increase the mover mass m of the motor2Determining the optimal total mass m of the system rotorSuperior foodOutput Power P 'of Down System'Practice ofAnd is according to P'Practice ofTo engineCarry out re-model selection and match new engine power P'1And then repeating the step two.
2. The engine-based free-piston linear generator matching optimization method of claim 1, wherein after the total mass m of the system mover is determined, the actual operating frequency f of the system is also determined.
3. The engine-based free-piston linear generator matching optimization method of claim 1, wherein mover mass m of the motor is reduced2Determining the optimal total mass m of the system rotorSuperior foodOutput Power P 'of Down System'Practice ofThe method comprises the following steps:
the motor rotor is provided with a mass m2Gradually reducing according to a preset step length delta m to obtain the total mass m of the plurality of system rotors and obtain the optimal total mass m of the rotorsSuperior foodAnd the optimal total rotor mass mSuperior foodThe actual output power of the system.
4. The engine-based free piston linear generator matching optimization method of claim 1, wherein: increasing the rotor mass m of the motor2Determining rated power P 'of linear motor under optimal rotor mass'Practice ofThe method comprises the following steps:
the motor rotor is provided with a mass m2Gradually increasing according to a preset step length delta m to further obtain the total mass m of the plurality of system rotors and obtain the optimal total mass m of the rotorsSuperior foodAnd the optimal total rotor mass mSuperior foodThe actual output power of the system.
5. The engine-based free-piston linear generator matching optimization method of any one of claims 3-4, characterized in that according to the motor mover mass m which is gradually decreased or increased2Establishing a system rotor total mass m, a system working frequency f and an actual output power curve chart of the system, and obtaining an optimal rotor total mass m according to the power curve chartSuperior foodAnd the optimal total rotor mass mSuperior foodLower seriesAnd (5) outputting the power actually.
6. The engine-based free piston linear generator matching optimization method of claim 1, wherein: at the optimum mover mass mSuperior foodAt last, the power P 'actually output by the system'Practice ofCan be mixed with P2And (4) matching.
7. The engine-based free-piston linear generator matching optimization method of claim 6, wherein an optimal mover mass m is determinedSuperior foodRated power P 'of linear motor of lower design'2And is according to P'2And (5) carrying out re-model selection matching on the engine to complete the first matching optimization design.
8. The engine-based free-piston linear generator matching optimization method of claim 1, wherein the threshold N is adjustable according to matching optimized accuracy requirements.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor and computer instructions stored on the memory and executed on the processor, wherein: the computer instructions, when executed by a processor, perform a method of matching optimization for an engine-based free-piston linear generator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A computer-readable storage medium for storing computer instructions, characterized in that: the computer instructions, when executed by a processor, perform a method of matching optimization for an engine-based free-piston linear generator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
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2021
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| US20170350339A1 (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-12-07 | Etagen, Inc. | Control of piston trajectory in a free-piston combustion engine |
| CN207776989U (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-08-28 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | A kind of free piston IC linear generating energy-storage system |
| CN109118016A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-01-01 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of oscillating float type wave-activated power generation method based on Multiple-population Genetic Algorithm |
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