CN112799134A - SEGY (search query through-the-fly) file-based method for directly reconstructing SEGY data coordinate and processing terminal - Google Patents
SEGY (search query through-the-fly) file-based method for directly reconstructing SEGY data coordinate and processing terminal Download PDFInfo
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- CN112799134A CN112799134A CN202011645396.7A CN202011645396A CN112799134A CN 112799134 A CN112799134 A CN 112799134A CN 202011645396 A CN202011645396 A CN 202011645396A CN 112799134 A CN112799134 A CN 112799134A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for directly reconstructing SEGY data coordinates based on SEGY files and a processing terminal, comprising the following steps: step 1: obtaining an SEGY file, wherein geodetic coordinates of each measuring point are stored in the SEGY file; step 2: converting geodetic coordinates of each measuring point into plane coordinates; and step 3: determining a survey ship azimuth angle A corresponding to the current measuring point according to the coordinate of the current measuring point and the coordinate of the last measuring point; and 4, step 4: according to the survey ship azimuth angle A corresponding to the current measuring point and the offset of the reflection point relative to the current measuring point, obtaining the plane coordinate of the reflection point, and taking the coordinate of the reflection point as the corrected plane coordinate of the measuring point; and 5: and (3) converting the corrected plane coordinates of the measuring points into geodetic coordinates with the same format as the step 1 to finish the reconstruction of SEGY data coordinates. The method can correct the SEGY data coordinate without a navigation file, occupies less resources and has high usability and practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of SEGY data coordinate correction, in particular to a method for directly reconstructing SEGY data coordinates based on an SEGY file and a processing terminal.
Background
At present, coordinates of a shallow stratum profile (short for shallow profile) and a single-track seismic record in actual measurement are positions transmitted by navigation positioning equipment, and the positions are positions of a GPS antenna head or a navigation reference point and are not positions of signal reflection points (short for reflection points). Because the recorded coordinate position is inaccurate and has errors, the subsequent interpretation of the seismic profile is difficult, the underground geological condition deduced according to the profile is inconsistent with the actual condition, and the subsequent application is troublesome or even cannot be used. For shallow-section and single-track streamer seismic equipment fixed on a ship, the position of a reflection point is determined by the relative position of the equipment and the heading direction, an offset of tens of meters exists between the reflection point and a GPS antenna head, and the offset correction of tens of meters is also necessary for high-precision seabed detection such as sea sand investigation, well site investigation, seabed pipeline detection and the like. The data storage format of shallow section and single track earthquake is SEGY format, and the existing SEGY data processing software, such as OMEGA, SU, RadExpro, etc., can not carry out offset correction.
In the current method for correcting SEGY data coordinates, navigation files are mostly needed, the variety of needed data is more, and the operation process is more complicated. In the specific correction operation process, the navigation is required to be read into the memory, the memory occupation is large, and the data processing of large volume is not favorable. More importantly, in the actual data measurement process, shallow section or single track is earlier than navigation on line and later than navigation off line, so that the positions of the part of the navigation file where the start and the end of the measurement line are not recorded are still required to be specially processed for the position where the navigation information is missing. Further, many people who use shallow-profile or single-track data may not be able to obtain a navigation file, and the conventional method cannot correct the coordinate offset in the case of missing a navigation file. Therefore, there is a need for a technique that can correct the SEGY data coordinates independent of the navigation file or even independent of any other file.
The relevant references are as follows:
document 1: the invention discloses a Chinese patent application with publication number CN 111078953A and the name of the invention, namely a method for directly reconstructing SEGY data coordinates based on navigation files.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a method for directly reconstructing SEGY data coordinates based on an SEGY file, which can solve the problem of correcting the SEGY data coordinates without depending on other file data;
it is another object of the present invention to provide a processing terminal that can solve the problem of coordinate correction of SEGY data without depending on other document data.
The technical scheme for realizing one purpose of the invention is as follows: a method for directly reconstructing SEGY data coordinates based on an SEGY file comprises the following steps:
step 1: obtaining an SEGY file, wherein geodetic coordinates of each measuring point are stored in the SEGY file;
step 2: converting the geodetic coordinates of each measuring point into plane coordinates, wherein the plane coordinates of the ith measuring point are marked as (x)i,yi) The plane coordinate of the (i + 1) th measuring point is marked as (x)i+1,yi+1)；
And step 3: determining a survey ship azimuth angle A corresponding to the current measuring point according to the coordinate of the current measuring point and the coordinate of the last measuring point;
and 4, step 4: according to the survey ship azimuth angle A corresponding to the current measuring point and the offset of the reflection point relative to the current measuring point, obtaining the plane coordinate of the reflection point, and taking the plane coordinate of the reflection point as the plane coordinate of the current measuring point, thereby obtaining the corrected plane coordinate of each measuring point;
and 5: and (3) converting the corrected plane coordinates of each measuring point into geodetic coordinates with the same format as the measuring points in the step (1), so as to obtain corrected SEGY coordinate data and finish reconstruction of SEGY data coordinates.
Further, in the step 1, if there are abnormal points or measurement points with repeated coordinates in the SEGY file, the abnormal points or the repeated coordinates are processed, so that there are no abnormal points or measurement points with repeated coordinates in the SEGY data, and then the step 2 is executed.
Further, in the step 2, the geodetic coordinates of each measuring point are converted into plane coordinates by using the UTM projection.
Further, the survey ship azimuth angle a corresponding to the current measuring point is determined according to the coordinate of the current measuring point and the coordinate of the last measuring point, and the specific implementation process comprises the following steps:
when y isi+1>yiWhen the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
if xi+1≥xiThen A isi+1α, otherwise, Ai+1α denotes the angle between the centre axis of the survey vessel and the Y axis, ai+1Indicating the azimuth angle of the survey ship corresponding to the (i + 1) th measuring point,
when y isi+1＝yiWhen the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
if xi+1≥xiThen A isi+190 °, otherwise, ai+1＝270°。
When y isi+1<yiWhen the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
if xi+1≥xiThen A isi+1180 ° - α, otherwise, ai+1＝180°+α
Wherein A is2＝A1。
Further, the method includes the specific implementation process that coordinates of the reflection points are obtained according to the survey ship azimuth angle a corresponding to the current measurement point and the offset of the reflection points relative to the current measurement point, and the coordinates of the reflection points are used as plane coordinates of the current measurement point, so that corrected plane coordinates of each measurement point are obtained:
calculating to obtain the plane coordinates of the reflection points according to a formula:
wherein (x'i+1,y′i+1) The corrected plane coordinates of the (i + 1) th measurement point are shown, and the (dx, dy) indicates the offset of the reflection point from the measurement point.
The second technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention is as follows: a processing terminal, comprising:
a memory for storing program instructions;
a processor for executing the program instructions to perform the steps of the method for directly reconstructing SEGY data coordinates in the SEGY file.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method and the device solve the problem that coordinate offset correction can be carried out on shallow-section or single-channel data under the condition of missing navigation files, and in actual operation, as other data such as other navigation files and the like do not need to be imported, excessive memory does not need to be occupied, the efficiency is higher, and less resources are occupied. In addition, through comparison, the calculation result of the method is basically the same as that of other methods, but the method uses fewer data types and data volumes, has simpler operation steps and higher calculation efficiency. And the multi-file batch processing with different track lengths and different sampling rates is supported, so that the usability and the practicability of the invention are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a preferred embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of relative positions of a reflection point and a GPS antenna head;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of the coordinates of the reconstructed SEGY data and the original measured position obtained by the present invention and other prior art methods;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of header information of the SEGY file after coordinate correction of the processing result of the method inquired by using SEGY processing software;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a processing terminal.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1-4, a method for directly reconstructing SEGY data coordinates based on SEGY files comprises the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the steps of obtaining an SEGY file, wherein survey line data acquired by an earthquake are stored in the SEGY file, the survey line data comprise position information (namely coordinates) of each survey point during acquisition, the position information of the survey point substantially records the coordinates of a GPS antenna head, and the format of the position information of the survey point is usually latitude and longitude coordinates in seconds, namely the coordinates of the survey point are geodetic coordinates, and the geodetic coordinates belong to spherical coordinates. The SEGY file is in binary format and comprises a header and a plurality of bytes, and the SEGY file is a file in the existing format, so that the specific standard of the SEGY file is not repeated herein and can be obtained by querying an open file. The coordinates of each measuring point stored in the SEGY file are geodetic coordinates and are usually located at 73-80 bytes of a track head. In some cases, to improve the accuracy of the coordinates, the geodetic coordinates are scaled up by a certain scale (e.g., 100), and the scaling factor for the scale up is typically stored on the track head 71-72 bytes.
In this step, it may also be checked whether there is an abnormal point or a repeated coordinate in the SEGY data coordinate in the SEGY file, and if there is an abnormal point or a repeated coordinate, that is, there is an abnormality in the SEGY data, the SEGY data is processed so that there is no abnormal point or repeated coordinate in the SEGY data and then the subsequent steps are performed.
Step 2: and converting the geodetic coordinates of each measuring point into plane coordinates, namely converting the spherical coordinates into the plane coordinates. The geodetic coordinates can be converted into planar coordinates using UTM projection (also known as universal mercar projection). In practical operation, the geodetic coordinates of the measuring points are usually determined by using WGS-84 coordinate system, which is established by using ellipsoids, wherein the major axis a of the ellipsoid is 6378137, and the minor axis b of the ellipsoid is 6356752.3142451849. And (3) inputting the central meridian according to the longitude and latitude range of the coordinate formed by all the actual measuring points in a WGS-84 coordinate system, thereby obtaining the plane coordinates (X, Y) of the GPS antenna head, namely obtaining the plane coordinates of the measuring points. X is the positive east direction and Y is the positive north direction.
The plane coordinate, namely the two-dimensional coordinate, of each measuring point can be obtained through the step. Wherein, the coordinate of the ith measuring point is marked as (x)i,yi) The coordinate of the (i + 1) th measuring point is marked as (x)i+1,yi+1)。
And step 3: determining the azimuth angle of the survey ship corresponding to the current measuring point according to the coordinate of the current measuring point and the coordinate of the last measuring point, namely, the azimuth angle of the survey ship when the current measuring point is collected or the azimuth angle of the survey ship when each measuring point is collected, wherein the azimuth angle takes the ship bow direction as the azimuth angle, the positive north direction is zero degree, and the clockwise direction isFor the sake of completeness, this is the common practice employed for actual recording. In marine geological survey acquisition, a survey vessel is generally used for data acquisition, and for such field measurement, it is required that the designed position and the actually acquired position cannot be deviated too much. Due to the fact that the survey line is designed to be nonlinear, sea conditions in a measurement area are poor, obstacles need to be avoided, the technical level of a pilot for driving the survey ship is limited and the like, the azimuth angle (namely the ship fore direction) of the survey ship at each measuring point is changed, the azimuth angle of each measuring point on the survey ship on the survey line is possibly different, and therefore the measuring points need to be calculated one by one. Wherein, the azimuth angle A of the survey ship corresponding to the current measuring point (i +1 measuring point) is calculatedi+1Can be obtained by the following steps:
when y isi+1>yiWhen the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
if xi+1≥xiThen A isi+1α, otherwise, Ai+1α denotes the angle between the central axis of the survey vessel and the Y axis, which is the north direction.
When y isi+1＝yiWhen the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
if xi+1≥xiThen A isi+190 °, otherwise, ai+1＝270°。
When y isi+1<yiWhen the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
if xi+1≥xiThen A isi+1180 ° - α, otherwise, ai+1＝180°+α。
Wherein the azimuth angle A of the second measuring point2And the azimuth angle A of the first measuring point1Same, i.e. A2＝A1. Therefore, the azimuth angle of the initial measuring point (i.e. the first measuring point) is calculated, and A can be obtained through the steps2Then according to A2To obtain A2＝A1。
Therefore, the azimuth angle of the survey ship at the position of each measuring point can be obtained, and the azimuth angle of the survey ship corresponding to each measuring point can be obtained.
In this step, if the azimuth angle of the ship changes faster, the azimuth angle can be smoothed to buffer the too fast change of the azimuth angle.
And 4, step 4: currently, in actual measurement, the coordinates of the measuring points recorded by the original SEGY data are the positions of the GPS antenna heads, but not the positions of the reflecting points. For shallow sections, the location of the reflection point is the location of the transducer, and for single-track earthquakes, the location of the reflection point is the midpoint of the excitation device and the reception device. The coordinates of the original measuring points and the positions of the reflecting points have deviation, so that correction is needed to obtain the coordinates of the reflecting points, and the coordinates of the reflecting points are used as the coordinates of the measured points after correction.
The relative positions of the GPS antenna head and the transducer are shown in fig. 2. In fig. 2, the forward direction of the Y axis is the bow direction, and the forward direction of the X axis and the forward direction of the Y axis form 90 degrees clockwise. The coordinate correction of the reflection point is not a simple translation of the original measuring point coordinate because the bow direction is changed continuously.
According to the offset of the reflection point relative to the GPS antenna head in the coordinate system of fig. 2 and the coordinate system rotation principle, the offset of the reflection point relative to the GPS antenna head in the UTM projection coordinate system can be calculated, and more specifically, the plane coordinate (x) of the reflection point in the UTM projection coordinate system can be calculated according to formula (i)i′+1,yi′+1)：
Where dx represents the lateral coordinate offset of the reflection point in the coordinate system of fig. 2 with respect to the GPS antenna head, and dy represents the longitudinal coordinate offset of the reflection point in the coordinate system of fig. 2 with respect to the GPS antenna head, that is, (dx, dy) represents the offset of the reflection point in the coordinate system of fig. 2 with respect to the GPS antenna head.
And 5: the corrected plane coordinates (x ') of the measurement points (reflection points)'i+1,y′i+1) And (3) carrying out UTM projection inverse transformation to obtain geodetic coordinates with the same format as the original coordinate format, namely obtaining geodetic coordinates with the same format as the measured points in the step (1), so as to obtain corrected SEGY coordinate data, further generate an SEGY file and complete SEGY data coordinate reconstruction. Wherein, the corrected ground coordinate is written into the original track head byte (i.e. track head 73-80 bytes), and the original coordinate is written into the track head byteWrite 81-88 bytes. Of course, according to specific needs, the corrected geodetic coordinates may be subjected to UTM projection or mercator projection, and stored in other byte positions of the track header.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison between the coordinates of the reconstructed SEGY data obtained by the method of the present application and the original measured position in document 1, wherein "my method" means processing according to the method of the present application, and document 1 is document 1 mentioned in the background. In fig. 3, dots marked with pure numbers indicate original coordinate positions, numbers indicate the number of measurement points, number _ a indicates the correction result by my method, and number _ B indicates the correction result by the method of document 1. FIG. 4 is a diagram of the header information of the SEGY file after coordinate correction of the processing result of the method queried by the SEGY processing software.
As can be seen from fig. 3 and 4, the corrected positions of the method of the present application and the method of document 1 are substantially coincident, the corrected coordinate trajectory and the original coordinate trajectory have the same form, and the corrected position conforms to the relative position difference of the actual device. The reconstruction method provided by the invention is used for calculating the ship fore direction only by utilizing the SEGY file, the result of correcting the coordinate offset of shallow-section or single-channel seismic data is accurate, and the calculation result meets the requirement of exploration precision.
The method solves the problem that under the condition of lacking the navigation file, the coordinate offset correction can be carried out on the shallow-section or single-channel seismic data, and in the actual operation, because other data such as other navigation files and the like do not need to be imported, excessive memory is not occupied, the efficiency is higher, and less resources are occupied. In addition, through comparison, the calculation result of the method is basically the same as that of other methods, but the method uses fewer data types and data volumes, has simpler operation steps and higher calculation efficiency. And the multi-file batch processing with different track lengths and different sampling rates is supported, so that the usability and the practicability of the invention are improved.
The invention can be applied to post-processing of marine geological survey data and can also be applied to marine geological survey ships, and because SEGY data coordinate correction can be realized without navigation files, the post-processing of marine geological survey data such as shallow sections or single-track earthquakes is simpler and more efficient, thereby reducing the use cost of geological survey data, reducing the workload of processing personnel and improving the reliability of data.
As shown in fig. 5, the invention also relates to a processing terminal 100 comprising:
a memory 101 for storing program instructions;
a processor 102 for executing the program instructions to perform the steps of the method for directly reconstructing SEGY data coordinates based on the SEGY file.
The embodiments disclosed in this description are only an exemplification of the single-sided characteristics of the invention, and the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any other functionally equivalent embodiments fall within the scope of protection of the invention. Various other changes and modifications to the above-described embodiments and concepts will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the above description, and all such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for directly reconstructing SEGY data coordinates based on an SEGY file is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: obtaining an SEGY file, wherein geodetic coordinates of each measuring point are stored in the SEGY file;
step 2: converting the geodetic coordinates of each measuring point into plane coordinates, wherein the plane coordinates of the ith measuring point are marked as (x)i,yi) The plane coordinate of the (i + 1) th measuring point is marked as (x)i+1,yi+1)；
And step 3: determining a survey ship azimuth angle A corresponding to the current measuring point according to the coordinate of the current measuring point and the coordinate of the last measuring point;
and 4, step 4: according to the survey ship azimuth angle A corresponding to the current measuring point and the offset of the reflection point relative to the current measuring point, obtaining the plane coordinate of the reflection point, and taking the plane coordinate of the reflection point as the plane coordinate of the current measuring point, thereby obtaining the corrected plane coordinate of each measuring point;
and 5: and (3) converting the corrected plane coordinates of each measuring point into geodetic coordinates with the same format as the measuring points in the step (1), so as to obtain corrected SEGY coordinate data and finish reconstruction of SEGY data coordinates.
2. The method for directly reconstructing SEGY data coordinates based on the SEGY file as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1, if the measured points of the abnormal points or the repeated coordinates exist in the SEGY file, the abnormal points or the repeated coordinates are processed, so that the step 2 is performed after the measured points of the abnormal points or the repeated coordinates do not exist in the SEGY data.
3. The method for directly reconstructing SEGY data coordinates based on the SEGY file as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the geodetic coordinates of each measuring point are converted into plane coordinates by UTM projection.
4. The method for directly reconstructing SEGY data coordinates based on the SEGY file as claimed in claim 1, wherein the survey vessel azimuth A corresponding to the current measuring point is determined according to the coordinates of the current measuring point and the coordinates of the last measuring point, and the specific implementation process comprises the following steps:
when y isi+1>yiWhen the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
if xi+1≥xiThen A isi+1α, otherwise, Ai+1α denotes the angle between the centre axis of the survey vessel and the Y axis, ai+1Indicating the azimuth angle of the survey ship corresponding to the (i + 1) th measuring point,
when y isi+1＝yiWhen the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
if xi+1≥xiThen A isi+190 °, otherwise, ai+1＝270°。
When y isi+1<yiWhen the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
if xi+1≥xiThen A isi+1180 ° - α, otherwise, ai+1＝180°+α
Wherein A is2＝A1。
5. The method for directly reconstructing SEGY data coordinates based on the SEGY file as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps of obtaining coordinates of a reflection point according to a position angle A of a survey vessel corresponding to a current measuring point and an offset of the reflection point relative to the current measuring point, and taking the coordinates of the reflection point as plane coordinates of the current measuring point to obtain corrected plane coordinates of each measuring point, wherein the specific steps comprise:
calculating to obtain the plane coordinates of the reflection points according to a formula:
wherein (x'i+1,y′i+1) The corrected plane coordinates of the (i + 1) th measurement point are shown, and the (dx, dy) indicates the offset of the reflection point from the measurement point.
6. A processing terminal, characterized in that it comprises:
a memory for storing program instructions;
a processor for executing the program instructions to perform the steps of the method for directly reconstructing SEGY data coordinates based on an SEGY file as claimed in any one of claims 1-5.
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