CN107945228B - Method for extracting height of oil tank based on single satellite image - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for extracting the height of an oil tank based on a single satellite image, which comprises the following steps: s0, acquiring imaging parameters when the oil tank satellite images are shot; step S1, acquiring an oil tank satellite image, and obtaining a geometric fine correction image through geometric fine correction; step S2, identifying and positioning homonymous arc edges P 'and P' of the oil tank according to shadow boundary characteristics of the oil tank on the geometric precise correction satellite image; step S3, determining corresponding homonymous arc points T ' and T ' according to the homonymous arc edges P ' and P ' positioned in the step S2, and calculating to obtain homonymous arc distance T '; and S4, substituting the imaging parameters of the oil tank satellite images acquired in the S0 and the arc distances with the same name acquired in the S3 into an oil tank height measurement model to acquire the height of the oil tank. The method can accurately extract the height of the oil tank based on a single satellite image, effectively avoids calculation errors caused by artificial determination of the arc points with the same name, and greatly improves the extraction speed of the height of the oil tank.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of remote sensing image processing and information extraction, in particular to a method for extracting the height of an oil tank based on a single satellite image.
Background
The oil tank is a core facility of a petroleum reserve base, belongs to the strategic target of national key construction, and the height information of the oil tank is important content and marks of oil depot identification, reservoir capacity estimation and quantitative analysis, and has important significance in the aspects of national economic construction, national defense safety capability and the like. However, in the conventional oil tank height extraction method based on satellite images, firstly, the laser ranging method and the three-dimensional image have the defects of high requirements on equipment and instruments and data sources, weak timeliness and complex calculation under the emergency task condition; secondly, the shadow length method is based on the arc edge characteristics of the shadow boundary of the oil tank, so that the shadow length is difficult to accurately measure, and the height of the oil tank cannot be accurately calculated.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a method for extracting the height of a tank based on a single satellite image, so as to solve some defects in the conventional technology for extracting the height of the tank based on the satellite image.
To achieve the above object, in one embodiment of the method according to the present invention, the method comprises the following steps:
s0, acquiring imaging parameters when the oil tank satellite images are shot;
step S1, acquiring an oil tank satellite image, and obtaining a geometric fine correction image through geometric fine correction;
step S2, identifying and positioning homonymous arc edges P ' and P ' of the oil tank according to the shadow boundary characteristics of the oil tank on the geometric precise correction satellite image, wherein the homonymous arc edges refer to an image P ' of the top edge of the oil tank on the remote sensing image and an image P of the shadow of the edge;
step S3, determining corresponding homonymous arc points T ' and T ' according to the homonymous arc edges P ' and P ' positioned in the step S2, and calculating to obtain homonymous arc distance T '; wherein the intersection point of the straight line passing through the centers of the two homonymous arc edges and having the slope in the solar direction and the two homonymous arc edges is a homonymous arc point, and the distance between the two homonymous arc points is a homonymous arc distance;
and S4, substituting the imaging parameters of the oil tank satellite images acquired in the S0 and the arc distances with the same name acquired in the S3 into an oil tank height measurement model to acquire the height of the oil tank.
in another embodiment of the method of the present invention, the imaging parameters in step S0 include a solar altitude α, a satellite altitude β, a solar azimuth γ, and a satellite azimuth θ.
In another embodiment of the method of the present invention, the step of geometrically fine correcting the satellite image in step S1 includes:
1) collecting ground control points: collecting more than six control points which have clear and obvious positioning marks and are distributed as uniformly as possible on the acquired oil tank satellite image;
2) selecting a geometric correction model: after the ground control points are collected, selecting a polynomial geometric correction model for establishing the relation between the image coordinates and the reference coordinates;
3) image resampling: and (4) carrying out re-interpolation calculation on the oil tank satellite image by adopting a resampling method to generate a geometric fine correction satellite image.
In another embodiment of the method of the present invention, the identification and positioning of the arc edges with the same name in step S2 adopts a human-computer interaction mode or an expert interpretation mode;
a man-machine interaction mode is adopted, specifically, shadow boundaries are automatically detected based on a computer, and then optimal positioning of homonymous arc edges is carried out according to the shadow boundaries of the oil tank in combination with manual work;
and adopting an expert mode, and directly carrying out interpretation positioning on the same-name arc edges based on expert interpretation knowledge.
In another embodiment of the method of the present invention, step S3 specifically includes the steps of:
s31, selecting key elements on the homonymous arc edges positioned in the S2;
step S32, determining corresponding homonymous arc points T 'and T' according to the key elements selected in the step S31;
and step S33, calculating to obtain the arc distance with the same name.
In another embodiment of the method of the present invention, step S31 specifically includes:
and (3) selecting three points on the homonymous arc edges P 'and P' of the positioned oil tank respectively based on the geometric fine correction image as input key elements, wherein:
coordinates of any three points on the same-name arc edge P': p'1(x’1，y’1)、P’2(x’2，y’2)、P’3(x’3，y’3)；
Coordinates of any three points on the same-name arc edge P': p'1(x"1，y"1)、P”2(x"2，y"2)、P”3(x"3，y"3)。
In another embodiment of the method of the present invention, step S32 specifically includes:
the intersection point coordinate model of the arc and the straight line which passes through the circle center of the arc and has the slope of the sun direction is calculated as follows:
wherein: the equation of a circle with the center coordinates M (A, B) and the radius R is (x-A)2+(y-B)2＝R2(ii) a A linear equation which passes through the circle center M and has the slope K is y which is Kx + B-KA;
K＝ctgγ
the coordinates of the arc points T '(x', y ') and T "(x", y ") of the same name can be obtained by substituting the coordinates of the center of the circle, the radius, and the slope ctg γ of the straight line of P' and P", respectively, into the intersection coordinate model.
In another embodiment of the method of the present invention, the distance between the homonymous arcs in step S33 is the distance between the homonymous arc points T ' (x ', y ') and T "(x", y "), which is expressed as:
in another embodiment of the method of the present invention, step S4 specifically includes:
step S41, constructing an oil tank height measurement model;
and S42, obtaining the height H of the oil tank by using the oil tank height measurement model constructed in the step S41 according to the oil tank satellite image imaging parameters acquired in the step S0 and the arc distance with the same name extracted in the step S33.
In another embodiment of the method of the present invention, the tank height measurement model of step S41 is
The invention has the characteristics and beneficial effects that:
the method can accurately extract the height of the oil tank based on a single satellite image, does not need stereopair or other special equipment, relaxes the requirements on a data source and an instrument, effectively avoids the calculation error caused by manually determining the homonymous arc point, greatly improves the extraction speed of the height of the oil tank, has stronger timeliness, and can be widely applied to the fields of oil depot identification, oil storage amount evaluation, emergency response and the like.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of tank height extraction;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of homonymous arc edges, homonymous arc points, and homonymous arc distances on a satellite image;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the same arc pitch
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle of construction of a model relating to the lateral height of an oil tank
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which together with the embodiments of the invention serve to explain the principles of the invention.
According to an embodiment of the invention, a method for extracting the height of an oil tank based on a single satellite image is disclosed, which comprises the following steps:
s0, acquiring imaging parameters when the oil tank satellite images are shot;
the optical satellite images are generally shot under relatively good illumination conditions during imaging, and each image corresponds to sun and satellite position information at the imaging moment, namely instantaneous imaging parameters. However, in the traditional model for extracting the ground feature height based on the shadow length method, only a single imaging parameter of the sun altitude angle is utilized, and imaging parameters such as the sun azimuth, the satellite height, the satellite azimuth and the like are ignored, so that the rigidness of the height measurement model is lacked, the error is large, and particularly with the common use of sub-meter high-resolution satellite images, the influence of the imaging parameters on the precision is also very obvious, and the imaging parameters need to be considered comprehensively.
The satellite image imaging parameters are generally recorded in a header file or metadata information or auxiliary data corresponding to the image product, and can be directly acquired. In one embodiment of the invention, the metadata is obtained by directly reading from the metadata file.
reading imaging parameters during satellite image shooting from metadata or header files or auxiliary data corresponding to the satellite images, wherein the imaging parameters comprise a solar altitude α, a satellite altitude angle β, a solar azimuth angle gamma and a satellite azimuth angle theta;
step S1, acquiring an oil tank satellite image, and obtaining a geometric fine correction image through geometric fine correction;
in the imaging process of the satellite image, due to images of various factors such as the sensor, the earth curvature, the topographic relief, the earth rotation, the orbit attitude, the projection mode and the like, the satellite image generally has various geometric distortions, so that the geometric shapes and the positions of the ground objects on the image are distorted, and the geometric shapes and the positions of the ground objects on the image are represented by displacement, rotation, scaling, affine, bending, higher-order distortion and the like. To eliminate these distortions and improve accuracy, the geometric distortion of the satellite image needs to be corrected to generate a new image with a certain map projection.
The step of geometrically fine correcting the satellite image comprises the following steps:
1) collecting ground control points: on the acquired oil tank satellite images, a plurality of control points which have clear and obvious positioning marks and are distributed as uniformly as possible are acquired, and the number of the control points is preferably 25.
2) Selecting a geometric correction model: and after the ground control points are acquired, selecting a polynomial geometric correction model for establishing the relation between the image coordinates and the reference coordinates.
3) Image resampling: and (3) carrying out re-interpolation calculation on the oil tank satellite image by adopting a resampling method such as bilinear interpolation, and generating a geometric precise correction satellite image which is high in positioning precision, has geographic information and can be calculated quantitatively.
Step S2, identifying and positioning homonymous arc edges P 'and P' of the oil tank according to shadow boundary characteristics of the oil tank on the geometric precise correction satellite image;
the method mainly extracts the height of the oil tank by means of the idea of homonymous characteristics, wherein the homonymous characteristics refer to homonymous arc edges of the oil tank on a single satellite image, as shown in figures 2 and 3, an oil tank top edge arc P 'and an oil tank shadow outer edge arc P' are arranged on the image along the shadow direction, the P 'and the P' are homonymous arc edges, the physical meaning of the P 'and the P' is the image of the oil tank top edge, the identification and positioning of the homonymous arc edges of the oil tank are mainly carried out according to the shadow boundary characteristics of oil tank facilities on a geometric correction image, and the identification and positioning of the homonymous arc edges are carried out;
the identification and positioning of the arc edges with the same name can adopt a man-machine interaction mode or an expert interpretation mode. In one embodiment of the invention, a man-machine interaction mode is adopted, firstly, a shadow boundary is automatically detected based on a computer, and then optimal positioning of homonymous arc edges is carried out according to the shadow boundary of the oil tank in combination with manual work; in another embodiment of the invention, an expert mode is adopted, and interpretation positioning of the arc edges with the same name is directly carried out based on expert interpretation knowledge.
Step S3, determining corresponding homonymous arc points T ' and T ' according to the homonymous arc edges P ' and P ' positioned in the step S2, and calculating to obtain homonymous arc distance T ';
the homonymous arc distance is an important parameter for extracting the height of the oil tank, and the definition of the homonymous arc distance refers to the distance between a circle where two homonymous arc sides are located and an intersection point of a straight line which passes through the center of the circle and has the slope of the sun direction in the shadow direction. The intersection point of a straight line passing through the center of the circle and having the slope of the sun direction and two homonymous arc edges is a homonymous arc point, and the important link in extracting the homonymous arc distance is the selection of key elements and the determination of the homonymous arc point.
Step S3 specifically includes the steps of:
s31, selecting key elements on the homonymous arc edges positioned in the S2;
and (3) selecting three points on the homonymous arc edges P 'and P' of the positioned oil tank respectively based on the geometric fine correction image as input key elements, wherein:
coordinates of any three points on the same-name arc edge P': p'1(x’1，y’1)、P’2(x’2，y’2)、P’3(x’3，y’3)；
Coordinates of any three points on the same-name arc edge P': p'1(x"1，y"1)、P”2(x"2，y"2)、P”3(x"3，y"3)；
Step S32, determining corresponding homonymous arc points T 'and T' according to the key elements selected in the step S31;
known as P'1、P’2、P’3Three points on the same arc edge P', P "1、P”2、P”3Three points on the same-name arc edge P' are provided, the coordinate values can be directly read based on the geometric fine correction image, and then the following steps exist:
the equation of the circle on which the arc sides P 'and P' lie can be expressed as:
(x-A)2+(y-B)2＝R2the circle center coordinates M (A, B) and the radius are R;
wherein, the circle center coordinate M ' (A ', B ') of the circle where the arc edge P ' is located has a radius of R '; the arc edge P ' is located at the center coordinates M ' (A ', B ') of the circle, and the radius is R '.
The equation of a straight line passing through the circle center M and having the slope K is as follows:
y＝Kx+B-KA；
wherein the slopes of the straight lines passing through the circle center M 'and the circle center M' are both ctg gamma.
The coordinate expressions of the arc points of the same name T ' (x ', y ') and T "(x", y ") are (i.e. the intersection of the straight line and the circle in the shadow direction):
wherein:
k' ═ ctg γ (γ sun azimuth)
K ═ ctg γ (γ sun azimuth)
The coordinates of the arc points T '(x', y ') and T' (x ', y') with the same name can be obtained after the substitution respectively.
Step S33, calculating to obtain the arc distance of the same name;
the homonymous arc distance is the distance between homonymous arc points T '(x', y ') and T' (x ', y'), and the expression is as follows:
step S4, substituting the oil tank satellite image imaging parameters obtained in the step S0 and the arc distances with the same name obtained in the step S33 into an oil tank height measurement model to obtain the height of the oil tank;
the oil tank height measurement model is important content of the invention, and the oil tank height extraction can be carried out by substituting the oil tank homonymous arc distance and imaging parameters based on the height measurement model.
Step S4 specifically includes the steps of:
step S41, constructing an oil tank height measurement model;
as shown in fig. 4, when TT "is a sun ray, TT 'is a satellite shooting sight line, the physical meanings of arc points T' and T" of the same name are image points of the edge T point at the top of the oil tank on the satellite image and shadow image points thereof, the height H of the oil tank is TO. the sun altitude angle α, the satellite altitude angle β, and the included angle between the sun azimuth and the satellite azimuth space is | γ - θ |, then
As can be seen from the spatial geometry, the,
T"O＝H*ctgα
T’O＝H*ctgβ
∠T’OT"＝|γ-θ|
by trigonometric relationship T'2＝T’O2+T"O2-2 ∠ T 'O ∠ T "O COS ∠ T' OT", knowing:
namely the height measuring model of the cylindrical facility.
And S42, obtaining the height H of the oil tank by using the oil tank height measurement model constructed in the step S41 according to the oil tank satellite image imaging parameters acquired in the step S0 and the arc distance with the same name extracted in the step S33.
The invention has the characteristics and beneficial effects that:
the method can accurately extract the height of the oil tank based on a single satellite image, does not need stereopair or other special equipment, relaxes the requirements on a data source and an instrument, effectively avoids the calculation error caused by manually determining the homonymous arc point, greatly improves the extraction speed of the height of the oil tank, has stronger timeliness, and can be widely applied to the fields of oil depot identification, oil storage amount evaluation, emergency response and the like.
Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described above to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and various changes may be made apparent to those skilled in the art as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, and all matters of the invention which utilize the inventive concepts are protected.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for extracting the height of an oil tank based on a single satellite image is characterized by comprising the following steps
S0, acquiring imaging parameters when the oil tank satellite images are shot;
step S1, acquiring an oil tank satellite image, and obtaining a geometric fine correction satellite image through geometric fine correction;
step S2, identifying and positioning homonymous arc edges P 'and P' of the oil tank according to the shadow boundary characteristics of the oil tank on the geometric precise correction satellite image, wherein the homonymous arc edges refer to an image P 'of the top edge of the oil tank on the image and an image P' of the shadow of the edge;
step S3, determining corresponding homonymous arc points T ' and T ' according to the homonymous arc edges P ' and P ' of the oil tank positioned in the step S2, and calculating to obtain homonymous arc distance T '; wherein the intersection point of the straight line which respectively passes through the centers of the two homonymous arc edges and has the slope of the solar direction and the two homonymous arc edges is a homonymous arc point, and the distance between the two homonymous arc points is a homonymous arc distance;
step S4, substituting the oil tank satellite image imaging parameters obtained in the step S0 and the arc distances with the same name obtained in the step S3 into an oil tank height measurement model to obtain the height of the oil tank;
the step S3 specifically includes:
s31, selecting key elements on the homonymous arc edges positioned in the S2;
step S32, determining corresponding homonymous arc points T 'and T' according to the key elements selected in the step S31;
step S33, calculating to obtain the arc distance of the same name;
the step S32 specifically includes:
the intersection point coordinate model of the arc and the straight line which passes through the circle center of the arc and has the slope of the sun direction is calculated as follows:
wherein: the equation of a circle with the center coordinates M (A, B) and the radius R is (x-A)2+(y-B)2＝R2(ii) a A linear equation which passes through the circle center M and has the slope K is y which is Kx + B-KA;
and substituting the center coordinates, the radius and the straight line slope ctg gamma of the P 'and the P' into the intersection point coordinate model to obtain the coordinates of the homonymous arc points T '(x', y ') and T' (x ', y').
2. the method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the imaging parameters in step S0 include solar altitude α, satellite altitude β, solar azimuth γ and satellite azimuth θ.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the satellite image geometric fine correction of step S1 comprises:
1) collecting ground control points: collecting more than six control points which have clear and obvious positioning marks and are distributed as uniformly as possible on the acquired oil tank satellite image;
2) selecting a geometric correction model: after the ground control points are collected, selecting a polynomial geometric correction model for establishing the relation between the image coordinates and the reference coordinates;
3) image resampling: and (4) carrying out re-interpolation calculation on the oil tank satellite image by adopting a resampling method to generate a geometric fine correction satellite image.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the identification and positioning of the homonymous arc edges in step S2 is in a human-computer interaction mode or an expert interpretation mode;
a man-machine interaction mode is adopted, specifically, shadow boundaries are automatically detected based on a computer, and then optimal positioning of homonymous arc edges is carried out according to the shadow boundaries of the oil tank in combination with manual work;
and adopting an expert mode, and directly carrying out interpretation positioning on the same-name arc edges based on expert interpretation knowledge.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S31 specifically includes:
on the basis of a geometric fine correction image, optionally selecting three points on the homonymous arc edges P 'and P' of the positioned oil tank respectively as input key elements, wherein:
coordinates of any three points on the same-name arc edge P': p'1(x’1，y’1)、P’2(x’2，y’2、P’3(x’3，y’3)；
Coordinates of any three points on the same-name arc edge P': p'1(x"1，y"1)、P”2(x"2，y"2)、P”3(x"3，y"3)。
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the homonymous arc distance in step S33 is the distance between homonymous arc points T ' (x ', y ') and T "(x", y "), and is expressed as:
7. the method according to claim 6, wherein the step S4 specifically includes:
step S41, constructing an oil tank height measurement model;
and S42, obtaining the height H of the oil tank by using the oil tank height measurement model constructed in the step S41 according to the oil tank satellite image imaging parameters acquired in the step S0 and the arc distance with the same name extracted in the step S33.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the tank height measurement model of step S41 is
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