CN112798403A - Model test device and method for measuring rock slope stability safety coefficient - Google Patents
Model test device and method for measuring rock slope stability safety coefficient Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a model test device and a method for determining rock slope stability safety coefficient in the technical field of rock-soil mechanical analysis, wherein the device comprises a frame and a base for building a slope model, the bottom of the frame is hinged with the base through a steel strand support and a jack, and the steel strand support and the jack are respectively positioned at two ends of the bottom of the frame; when the device is used for testing, a model material is firstly developed, then a slope model is built in the frame, finally the rotating frame is lifted through the jack, so that the model is unstable, experimental data are obtained, and finally the slope stability safety coefficient is calculated according to the experimental data. The device provided by the invention is ingenious in design, simple in structure and easy to test and operate, and the device is utilized and combined with a test method obtained by summarizing specific model materials, so that the condition that the strength of a side slope structural surface is weakened under the conditions of rainfall and water seepage and the condition that the sliding force is increased and the side slope rock mass is unstable due to overweight are considered, and the rock slope problem in the actual engineering can be comprehensively reflected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock-soil mechanical analysis, in particular to a model test device and method for measuring rock slope stability safety coefficient.
Background
A method for calculating and analyzing the stability and safety coefficient of a rock slope is an important scientific problem in the field of geotechnical engineering. In China, with the development of national economy, particularly the construction of infrastructures in hydropower engineering, railways, highways, mine engineering and the like, a large number of rock slope engineering, particularly high and steep rock slopes in hydropower engineering, appears in the engineering. The slope is usually high and steep, the geological condition is complex, the environmental factor is severe, the unloading function is strong, the rock slope accident caused by the combined action of a plurality of factors such as reservoir storage, precipitation and excavation brings serious loss to the life and property of people, and the indirect loss caused by the delay of the construction period is immeasurable.
Because a large number of discontinuous structural surfaces with different structures, conditions and characteristics exist in the rock slope, and the rock slope in the engineering is influenced by various factors such as rock weathering, rainfall, reservoir water level rise and fall, the slope stability analysis and the safety coefficient calculation become more complicated. In engineering practice, for these complex rock slope stability analyses, theoretical analysis and computer numerical simulation calculations (such as finite elements, discrete elements, block elements, DDA, etc.) are used on the one hand, and model testing means are used on the other hand. The two research methods are mutually verified and supplemented so as to better research the stability problem of the rock slope. For the calculation and determination of the rock slope stability safety coefficient, theoretical calculation and empirical analysis are mainly relied on at present, and no specific model test means is available for determining the rock slope stability safety coefficient.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the current state of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: a model test device and a test method capable of measuring rock slope stability safety coefficient are provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
survey rock matter side slope stability factor of safety's model test device, including frame and the base that is used for building by laying bricks or stones the side slope model, the frame bottom is articulated with the base through steel hank support and jack, steel hank support and jack are located frame bottom both ends respectively.
Further, the frame is a rectangular structure spliced by channel steel, and comprises a channel steel base, a left vertical channel steel, a right vertical channel steel and a top connecting channel steel, and a reinforcing oblique beam is arranged at the splicing position.
Further, the lower end of the steel strand support is fixed with the base, the upper end of the steel strand support is hinged with the frame, and the upper end and the lower end of the jack are hinged with the frame and the base respectively.
Further, the jack is a manual or electric hydraulic jack or a linear motor.
Furthermore, a saw-toothed gypsum slope-forming cushion layer is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the frame.
The slope model is built according to the original slope rock mass structural surface, and a temperature-changing similar material, an electric temperature-rising regulation and control system and a displacement strain monitoring system are laid on each weak structural surface.
The method for measuring the rock slope stability safety coefficient by adopting the model test device comprises the following steps:
step1, determining a model geometric scale and a slope simulation range: determining a model geometric scale and a slope simulation range according to the topographic characteristics of the slope, the structural characteristics of the weak structural surface and the requirements of a test task and by combining the scale of a test site and the requirements of test precision;
step2, model material development: according to the physical mechanical parameters of the prototype slope rock mass and the structural plane, converting according to the similarity relationship to obtain the physical mechanical parameters of the model material, carrying out a material test from a mechanical similarity angle, and finally selecting the model material similar to the prototype material;
and 4, carrying out a slope model test: firstly, the temperature of the temperature-changing similar material on the soft structural surface of the slope model is increased to gradually melt the high polymer material, the shear strength parameter of the material is gradually reduced, so as to simulate the mechanical behavior that the physical and mechanical parameters of the soft structural surface are gradually weakened, and when the physical and mechanical parameters of the structural surface are reduced to KSAfter the times are multiplied, keeping the temperature on the temperature-changing similar material unchanged, jacking the inclined model steel frame in a jack loading mode, carrying out a slope overload test, simulating the increase of overweight bulk density of the slope rock mass until the instability and damage of the slope model occur, and recording the inclination angle phi of the model steel frame at the moment;
wherein, KscStability of safety factor for rocky slopes, KsThe reduction factor of the mechanical parameters of the structural surface of the side slope in the test is shown, delta is a variable parameter (the value is 0.97-1.0), theta is the original inclination angle of the bottom sliding surface of the model side slope, and phi is the lifting inclination angle of the steel frame of the side slope in the test process.
Furthermore, when a side slope model is built, a slope is firstly formed at the initial elevation point of the structural surface, the attitude of the weak structural surface is determined by combining the corresponding geological profile, then the building is carried out according to the attitude trend and the inclination angle of the structural surface, and the weak structural surface and the temperature-changing similar materials are laid according to the mechanical parameters of different areas on the structural surface.
Furthermore, when the temperature-changing similar materials are laid, resistance wires and corresponding temperature-changing monitoring system components are manufactured and embedded on all the soft structural surfaces at the same time.
Further, when a side slope model is built, two-way displacement measuring points are arranged at exposed positions of a structural surface on a potential sliding block body influencing the stability of the side slope, and horizontal displacement and vertical displacement are respectively tested; and arranging internal relative displacement measuring points on the soft structural surface to monitor relative dislocation of the soft structural surface along the structural surface.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the slope model is built by arranging the frame, the jack is utilized to drive the frame to rotate around the steel strand support to simulate the instability condition of the slope, so that the stability safety coefficient of the rocky slope is measured, the blank that no test device of the type exists at present is filled, and the whole device is ingenious in design, simple in device, easy to test and operate, convenient to use and strong in detachability;
2. the device can change the slope angle at will, can meet the test requirements of rock slopes with different rock stratum dip angles, and the front and back sides of the test device are adjacent to the air, so that the whole instability damage process of the model slope and the damage conditions of all parts of the slope can be observed visually in the test process;
3. the device is utilized, and a test method summarized by combining specific model materials not only considers the weakening of the strength of the structural surface of the side slope under the conditions of rainfall and water seepage, but also considers the condition that the gliding force is increased and the instability is caused by the overweight of the rock mass of the side slope.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the test apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an initial state of the test process.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a state halfway through the test process.
The drawing is marked as 1-frame, 1-channel steel base, 1-2-left side vertical channel steel, 1-3-right side vertical channel steel, 1-4-top end connecting channel steel, 1-5-reinforcing oblique beam, 1-6-gypsum slope-raising cushion layer, 2-concrete base, 3-jack, 4-movable steel strand support, 5-slope model bedrock, 6-slope rock layer boundary, 7-slope potential sliding block, 7-1-slope steep crack, 7-2-weak structural surface and 8-slope model slope surface.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the model test device for measuring the rock slope stability safety coefficient comprises a frame 1 and a base 2, wherein the frame 1 is used for building a slope model, the bottom of the frame 1 is hinged with the base 2 through a steel strand support 4 and a jack 3, and the steel strand support 4 and the jack 3 are respectively positioned at two ends of the bottom of the frame 1. The frame 1 is used for building a slope model, and two sides of the frame 1 are empty, so that the damage condition of the model can be observed conveniently. Its theory of operation is, raises 1 one end of frame through jack 3 to increase the model inclination, until the model damages, the inclination of utilizing the lift just can calculate side slope stability factor of safety.
For the specific structure of the frame 1, in order to facilitate manufacturing and installation, the frame 1 is of a rectangular structure formed by splicing channel steel, and comprises a channel steel base 1-1, a left vertical channel steel 1-2, a right vertical channel steel 1-3 and a top end connecting channel steel 1-4, and reinforcing oblique beams 1-5 are arranged at the splicing positions. The frame 1 is spliced by bolts, so that the assembly and disassembly are convenient, and the reinforcing oblique beams 1-5 at the spliced part are used for enhancing the rigidity and stability of the channel steel rectangular frame.
In the process of lifting the frame 1 by using the jack 3, the interference is avoided and the structural stability is kept, so that the lower end of the steel strand support 4 is fixed with the base 2, the upper end of the steel strand support is hinged with the frame 1, and the upper end and the lower end of the jack 3 are respectively hinged with the frame 1 and the base 2. Each hinge point should maximize the contact area and the tightness of the fit to avoid the frame 1 from shaking during the lifting process.
For the jack 3, a hydraulic jack, which is manually or electrically operated, or a linear motor may be used. Some cushions may be provided at the joints when mounting the jack 3 for reducing vibrations during operation.
In order to facilitate the building of a model in the frame 1, sawtooth-shaped gypsum slope-forming cushions 1-6 are arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the frame 1. The gypsum slope raising cushion layers 1-6 are designed according to the simulated original slope raising angle, and are arranged into saw-toothed shapes, so that the stability and convenience of model building can be improved.
Further, the slope model is built in the frame 1 according to original slope rock mass structural planes, and a temperature-changing similar material, an electric temperature-rising regulation and control system and a displacement strain monitoring system are laid on each weak structural plane. The test principle of the side slope model is as follows: the temperature-changing similar material is heated by the electric heating regulation and control system to be melted, so that the mechanical behavior of gradual weakening of physical mechanical parameters on a soft structural surface is simulated, the rock overweight condition simulated by the lifting frame 1 is matched, and finally, the relative dislocation condition of the rock is monitored by the displacement strain monitoring system, so that the real and reliable rock slope stability safety coefficient is obtained through analysis.
The method for measuring the rock slope stability safety coefficient by adopting the model test device comprises the following steps:
step1, determining a model geometric scale and a slope simulation range: determining a model geometric scale and a slope simulation range according to the topographic characteristics of the slope, the structural characteristics of the weak structural surface and the requirements of a test task and by combining the scale of a test site and the requirements of test precision;
step2, model material development: according to the physical mechanical parameters of the prototype slope rock mass and the structural plane, converting according to the similarity relationship to obtain the physical mechanical parameters of the model material, carrying out a material test from a mechanical similarity angle, and finally selecting the model material similar to the prototype material;
and 4, carrying out a slope model test: firstly, the temperature of temperature-changing similar materials on a steep crack 7-1 of a side slope model and a soft structural surface 7-2 is raised through an electric heating regulation system, so that a high polymer material is gradually melted, the shear strength parameter of the material is gradually reduced, the mechanical behavior that the physical and mechanical parameters of the soft structural surface are gradually weakened is simulated, and when the physical and mechanical parameters of the structural surface are reduced to KSAfter the times are multiplied, keeping the temperature on the temperature-changing similar material unchanged, jacking the inclined frame 1 in a jack 3 loading mode, carrying out a slope overload test, simulating the increase of the overweight bulk density of the slope rock body until the slope model is unstably damaged, and recording the inclination angle phi of the frame 1 at the moment; in addition, in order to facilitate monitoring of the movement condition of the sliding block, two-way displacement measuring points are arranged at exposed positions of the structural surface on the potential sliding block 7 influencing the slope stability to respectively test horizontal displacement and vertical displacement, and a displacement measuring instrument can adopt an SP-10A type displacement digital display instrument; arranging internal relative displacement measuring points on the steep dip crack 7-1 and the weak structural surface 7-2 of the side slope to monitor the relative displacement of the side slope along the structural surfaceThe relative dislocation and relative displacement measuring instrument can adopt a UCAM-70A type universal digital testing device;
wherein, KscStability of safety factor for rocky slopes, KsThe reduction times of the mechanical parameters of the structural surface of the side slope in the test are shown, delta is a variable parameter (the value is 0.97-1.0), theta is the original inclination angle of the bottom sliding surface of the model side slope, and phi is the frame jacking inclination angle of the side slope in the test process.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a strong unloading development area is arranged between a fault F14 and a fault F13 on the left bank slope of a certain hydropower station, and a fault which is nearly vertical, unloading cracks (F101, J110, J136 and J108) and interlayer internal dislocation bands (LS337 and C3-1) with gentle dip angles are developed. Under the cutting of faults and unloading cracks, a potential sliding block body which takes the in-layer dislocation zone LS337 and the interlayer dislocation zone C3-1 as a bottom sliding surface and takes the steep dip angle structure surface as a rear edge, a side sliding surface or an empty facing surface is formed, and the integral stability of the side slope is not good. Therefore, the problem of stability of its left bank slope is a major engineering geological problem of the hydropower station. According to the measurement method of the present invention, the test was carried out as follows:
step1, determining a model geometric scale and a slope simulation range: according to the topographic characteristics of the engineering side slope, the structural characteristics of the weak structural plane and the requirements of a test task, and in combination with the requirements of test site scale and test precision, determining the geometric ratio CL of a model test to be 200;
step2, model material development: according to the physical and mechanical parameters of the left bank slope rock mass and 6 weak structural planes (bottom sliding surfaces LS337 and C3-1 and trailing edge surfaces f101, J110, J136 and J108) of the hydropower station, converting the physical and mechanical parameters according to the similarity relationship to obtain the physical and mechanical parameters of a model material, and carrying out a material test from the angle similar to mechanics, thereby developing the model material similar to a prototype material;
and 4, carrying out a slope model test: firstly, performing a strength reduction stage test on a bottom sliding surface influencing the stability of a side slope, namely, reducing the mechanical parameters of the structural surface of the bottom sliding surface by increasing the temperature of temperature-changing similar materials on two bottom sliding surfaces LS337 and C3-1, wherein the temperature increase process is divided into 20 test steps (from Step1 to Step20), the final strength reduction multiple is 1.2, namely, the mechanical parameters of the structural surface are reduced by 20%, and the strength of the reduced structural surface is kept unchanged; under the condition of keeping the reduced strength parameters, carrying out overload stage tests, namely, inclining the steel frame by a hydraulic jack to gradually increase the downward sliding force of the side slope block, jacking each stage of overload steel frame datum point by 2cm (about 0.4 degrees) until the slope has the trend of integral instability, finally carrying out 24 test steps (from Step21 to Step44) of overload, namely, when the steel frame datum point is jacked by 48cm (about 9.6 degrees), mutating the strain monitoring point on the bottom sliding surface LS337, leading the side slope model to have the integral instability condition, and finishing the tests;
Claims (10)
1. survey rock matter side slope stability factor of safety's model test device, characterized by: including frame (1) and base (2) that are used for building by laying bricks or stones side slope model, frame (1) bottom is articulated with base (1) through steel hank support (4) and jack (3), steel hank support (4) and jack (3) are located frame (1) bottom both ends respectively.
2. The model test device for determining the rock slope stability safety coefficient as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the frame (1) is a rectangular structure spliced by channel steel, and comprises a channel steel base (1-1), a left vertical channel steel (1-2), a right vertical channel steel (1-3) and a top connecting channel steel (1-4), and a reinforcing oblique beam (1-5) is arranged at the splicing position.
3. The model test device for determining the rock slope stability safety coefficient as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the lower end of the steel strand support (4) is fixed with the base (2), the upper end of the steel strand support is hinged with the frame (1), and the upper end and the lower end of the jack (3) are hinged with the frame (1) and the base (2) respectively.
4. The model test device for determining the rock slope stability safety coefficient as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the jack (3) is a manual or electric hydraulic jack or a linear motor.
5. The model test device for determining the rock slope stability safety coefficient as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inner side of the bottom of the frame (1) is provided with a serrated gypsum slope-raising cushion layer (1-6).
6. The model test device for determining the rock slope stability safety factor as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, wherein: the slope model is built according to the original slope rock mass structural surface, and a temperature-changing similar material, an electric temperature-rising regulation and control system and a displacement strain monitoring system are laid on each weak structural surface.
7. The method for measuring the rock slope stability safety coefficient by adopting the model test device as claimed in claim 6 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step1, determining a model geometric scale and a slope simulation range: determining a model geometric scale and a slope simulation range according to the topographic characteristics of the slope, the structural characteristics of the weak structural surface and the requirements of a test task and by combining the scale of a test site and the requirements of test precision;
step2, model material development: according to the physical mechanical parameters of the prototype slope rock mass and the structural plane, converting according to the similarity relationship to obtain the physical mechanical parameters of the model material, carrying out a material test from a mechanical similarity angle, and finally selecting the model material similar to the prototype material;
step 3, building a slope model: building a slope model along the production shape of each weak structural plane according to the geological profile of the prototype slope, and laying a temperature-changing similar material capable of reducing the mechanical parameters of the structural plane by increasing the temperature on each weak structural plane;
and 4, carrying out a slope model test: firstly, the temperature of the temperature-changing similar material on the soft structural surface of the slope model is increased to gradually melt the high polymer material, the shear strength parameter of the material is gradually reduced, so as to simulate the mechanical behavior that the physical and mechanical parameters of the soft structural surface are gradually weakened, and when the physical and mechanical parameters of the structural surface are reduced to KSAfter the times are multiplied, keeping the temperature on the temperature-changing similar material unchanged, jacking the inclined model steel frame in a jack loading mode, carrying out a slope overload test, simulating the increase of overweight bulk density of the slope rock mass until the instability and damage of the slope model occur, and recording the inclination angle phi of the model steel frame at the moment;
step 5, calculating the slope stability safety coefficient: testing data K obtained in the step4sAnd phi is substituted into the following formula, so that the stable safety coefficient of the rocky slope can be obtained:
wherein, KscStability of safety factor for rocky slopes, KsThe reduction factor of the mechanical parameters of the structural surface of the side slope in the test is shown, delta is a variable parameter (the value is 0.97-1.0), theta is the original inclination angle of the bottom sliding surface of the model side slope, and phi is the lifting inclination angle of the steel frame of the side slope in the test process.
8. The method for measuring the safety factor of the stability of the rock slope as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that: when a side slope model is built, a slope is firstly formed at the initial elevation point of the structural surface, the attitude of the weak structural surface is determined by combining a corresponding geological profile, then building is carried out according to the attitude trend and the inclination angle of the structural surface, and meanwhile, the weak structural surface and the temperature-changing similar materials are laid according to the mechanical parameters of different areas on the structural surface.
9. The method for measuring the safety factor of the stability of the rock slope as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that: when the temperature-changing similar materials are laid, resistance wires and corresponding temperature-changing monitoring system components are manufactured and embedded on all soft structural surfaces at the same time.
10. The method for measuring the safety factor of the stability of the rock slope as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that: when a side slope model is built, two-way displacement measuring points are arranged at exposed positions of structural surfaces on potential sliding blocks influencing the stability of the side slope, and horizontal displacement and vertical displacement are respectively tested; and arranging internal relative displacement measuring points on the soft structural surface to monitor relative dislocation of the soft structural surface along the structural surface.
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