CN112798214B - Testing device and testing method capable of controlling icing area - Google Patents
Testing device and testing method capable of controlling icing area Download PDFInfo
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- CN112798214B CN112798214B CN202110376434.1A CN202110376434A CN112798214B CN 112798214 B CN112798214 B CN 112798214B CN 202110376434 A CN202110376434 A CN 202110376434A CN 112798214 B CN112798214 B CN 112798214B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
- G01M9/02—Wind tunnels
- G01M9/04—Details
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B64F5/00—Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
- B64F5/60—Testing or inspecting aircraft components or systems
Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of wind tunnel tests, and provides a test device and a test method for a controllable icing area, wherein the test device for the controllable icing area comprises a wind tunnel test section, a linear spraying frame and a test model, wherein the wind tunnel test section is vertically arranged, the linear spraying frame is arranged at the upstream of the wind tunnel test section, the linear spraying frame comprises a spraying frame body and two rows of nozzles, and the two rows of nozzles are linearly distributed on the spraying frame body; the test model is arranged at the downstream of the wind tunnel test section, and the two rows of nozzles face the test model. The invention can control the icing area and improve the icing resolution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind tunnel tests, and particularly relates to a test device and a test method capable of controlling an icing area.
Background
Icing of an aircraft is one of the major hidden dangers of flight safety accidents, mainly occurs in windward areas of wings, empennages, engine air inlet channels, sensors and other components, and as a result, the optimal aerodynamic appearance is damaged, energy consumption is increased at low cost, and people are destroyed and die at high cost. Therefore, the ice prevention and removal measures must be adopted in the easy-to-freeze areas of the airplane body and key devices, the icing condition can be timely and effectively protected, and the airplane is ensured to be always in a safe and controllable state in the flight process.
The protection means of the aircraft ice prevention and removal system is usually controlled and triggered, wherein feedback control sources such as the existence of icing and dangerous threshold amount (namely, whether icing occurs or not and whether flight safety exists or not) are the key points of icing protection. Therefore, icing detection is very important for an aircraft icing protection system, and the development of related research work is also urgent.
At present, a lot of related researches are carried out on icing detection, but icing conditions are easy to create, and generally, stored ice is sampled for exploration, so that the method has certain defects, the timeliness of icing environments is not considered, the ice characteristics of the stored ice are changed due to different storage environments, the stored ice is difficult to serve as an icing sample, the icing detection needs to control ice type and icing area variables, and the two variables are difficult to create.
For the research of the aircraft icing process, the ice prevention and removal means and the icing mechanism, the most mature mode is an icing wind tunnel test, and the icing wind tunnel can simulate a real flight icing environment, but the current icing wind tunnel has the following defects when forming spray:
1. when the existing icing wind tunnel forms spray, a spray frame covering the whole cross section is usually adopted, and a nozzle on the spray frame is in a latticed shape as a whole, for example, the spray frame disclosed in literature 1, "icing wind tunnel spray system control method research, Lishucheng and the like, experimental hydromechanics", so that the spray frame brings a larger flow resistance, and the icing resolution is greatly reduced;
2. the existing spraying frame is arranged at a stable section, the distance between the spraying frame and a model is far, and an icing area cannot be controlled, such as the arrangement of the spraying frame disclosed in a general preliminary scheme of 3m × 2m icing wind tunnel design, Liu political Chong and the like, and the academic annual meeting of the Chinese aviation society 2007;
3. the existing test section is horizontally arranged, and liquid drops with different particle sizes are influenced by gravity, so that the icing resolution is influenced, and the icing formation quality is finally influenced.
In conclusion, the icing resolution formed by the spray frame in the prior art is low, and the icing area is difficult to control.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test device and a test method capable of controlling an icing area, and aims to control the icing area and improve icing resolution.
The invention provides a test device capable of controlling an icing area, which comprises a wind tunnel test section, a linear spraying frame and a test model, wherein the wind tunnel test section is vertically arranged, the linear spraying frame is arranged at the upstream of the wind tunnel test section, the linear spraying frame comprises a spraying frame body and two rows of nozzles, and the two rows of nozzles are linearly distributed on the spraying frame body;
the test model is arranged at the downstream of the wind tunnel test section, and the two rows of nozzles face the test model.
Further, the extending direction of the spraying frame body is consistent with the direction of a symmetry line on the section of the wind tunnel test section.
Further, the distribution direction of the nozzles is consistent with the extending direction of the spray frame body.
Furthermore, the outer surface of the spraying frame body comprises two sections of symmetrical arc surfaces, and the nozzles are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the intersection line of the two sections of symmetrical arc surfaces.
Further, the nozzle includes water inlet, air inlet, nozzle, wherein, the water inlet is connected with the one end of solenoid valve, and the other end of solenoid valve is connected with water supply system's one end, the air inlet is connected with air supply system's one end, the air supply system other end with water supply system's the other end all is connected with the controller.
The invention also provides a test method capable of controlling the icing area, which comprises the following steps:
step S10: arranging a test device capable of controlling the icing area;
step S20: according to the test requirements, determining an icing area to be formed on the test model, and determining the water pressure required to be reached by a water supply system and the air pressure required to be reached by an air supply system;
step S30: determining a nozzle needing to be opened according to the icing area;
step S40: starting the wind tunnel until the wind speed is stable; starting a water supply system until the water pressure is stable; starting an air supply system until the air pressure is stable;
step S50: opening an electromagnetic valve connected with a nozzle to be opened, and starting spraying;
step S60: and (5) icing required by the test is formed on the model to be tested, and the test is finished.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following technical effects:
1. the linear spraying frame is adopted, and the grid-shaped spraying frame in the prior art is not adopted, so that the linear spraying frame in the invention can not cover the whole section, and can not bring about larger flow resistance and improve icing resolution, while the grid-shaped spraying frame in the prior art can cover the whole section, and the spraying frame in the prior art can bring about larger flow resistance and greatly reduce icing resolution;
2. the linear spray frame is arranged in the wind tunnel test section, and the latticed spray frame in the prior art is usually arranged in the stable section, so that the distance between the linear spray frame and the test model in the invention is smaller than that between the latticed spray frame and the test model in the prior art, and the icing area is easier to control;
3. the wind tunnel test section in the invention is vertically arranged, so that the liquid drops with different grain sizes are not influenced by gravity, thereby being beneficial to improving the icing resolution and finally improving the icing formation quality.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention or in the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a test apparatus for controlling icing areas in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional view of a test device for controlling icing areas in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional view of a linear spray stand in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spray system in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a test method for controlling an icing zone according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Aspects of the present invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Based on the teachings herein one skilled in the art should appreciate that the scope of the present invention is intended to encompass any aspect disclosed herein, whether alone or in combination with any other aspect of the invention to accomplish any aspect disclosed herein. For example, it may be implemented using any number of the apparatus or performing methods set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the present invention is intended to cover apparatuses or methods implemented with other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to the various aspects of the invention set forth herein.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. The terms "comprises," "comprising," and the like, as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.
All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art unless otherwise defined. It is noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with the context of this specification and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense.
The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a test device capable of controlling an icing area according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a three-dimensional diagram of the test device capable of controlling an icing area according to an embodiment of the present invention, the test device capable of controlling an icing area according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a wind tunnel test section 10, a linear spray frame 20, and a test model 30, wherein the wind tunnel test section 10 is vertically arranged, the linear spray frame 20 is arranged upstream of the wind tunnel test section 10, the linear spray frame 20 includes a spray frame body 21 and two rows of nozzles 22, and the two rows of nozzles 22 are linearly distributed on the spray frame body 21;
the test model 30 is arranged at the downstream of the wind tunnel test section 10, and the two rows of nozzles 22 face the test model 30.
In the embodiment of the invention, the linear spraying frame is adopted instead of the latticed spraying frame in the prior art, so that the linear spraying frame in the embodiment of the invention does not cover the whole cross section, and does not bring about larger flow resistance and improve the icing resolution, while the latticed spraying frame adopted in the prior art covers the whole cross section, and the spraying frame in the prior art brings about larger flow resistance and greatly reduces the icing resolution;
in addition, the linear spraying frame in the embodiment of the invention is arranged in the wind tunnel test section, and the latticed spraying frame in the prior art is usually arranged in the stable section, so that the distance between the linear spraying frame in the embodiment of the invention and the test model is smaller than the distance between the latticed spraying frame in the prior art and the test model, and the embodiment of the invention is easier to control the icing area;
it is worth mentioning that the arrangement of the spray frame in the test section is not a routine practice in the field, and the spray frame in the prior art is in a grid shape, and if the grid-shaped spray frame is directly arranged in the test section, the flow resistance caused by the grid-shaped spray frame is unacceptable in the field of wind tunnel tests;
furthermore, the wind tunnel test section in the embodiment of the invention is vertically arranged, so that the liquid drops with different particle sizes are not influenced by gravity, thereby being beneficial to improving the icing resolution and finally improving the icing formation quality.
In the prior art, an icing wind tunnel test section is generally horizontally arranged, but the horizontally arranged icing wind tunnel test section is influenced by gravity factors when a splashing simulation test of supercooled large water drops is carried out, so that the actual impact situation cannot be truly simulated;
in the embodiment of the invention, the icing wind tunnel test section is vertically arranged, so that the influence of gravity factors can be eliminated when a splashing simulation test of supercooled large water drops is carried out, and the actual impact situation can be truly simulated.
FIG. 3 illustrates a three-dimensional view of a linear spray frame according to an embodiment of the present invention; in order to reduce the flow resistance, the extending direction of the spraying frame body 21 is consistent with the direction of a symmetry line on the section of the wind tunnel test section 10; for example, when the wind tunnel test section is cylindrical, the cross section of the wind tunnel test section is circular, and the symmetry line on the cross section of the wind tunnel test section is a diameter, and at this time, the extending direction of the spray frame body 21 is consistent with the diameter direction on the cross section of the wind tunnel test section.
Further, the distribution direction of the nozzles 22 is consistent with the extending direction of the spray frame body 21; specifically, the nozzles 22 are distributed as much as possible on the same horizontal plane to minimize the flow resistance;
in order to further reduce the flow resistance, the outer surface of the spray frame body 21 comprises two sections of symmetrical arc surfaces, and the nozzles 22 are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the intersection line of the two sections of symmetrical arc surfaces;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spraying system provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; the nozzle 22 comprises a water inlet, an air inlet and a spray nozzle, wherein the water inlet is connected with one end of an electromagnetic valve, the other end of the electromagnetic valve is connected with one end of a water supply system, the air inlet is connected with one end of an air supply system, and the other end of the air supply system and the other end of the water supply system are both connected with a controller;
the water supply system performs water treatment and water heating in the water supply process, wherein the water treatment comprises water production and pressurization, the icing wind tunnel provides a high-wind-speed low-temperature environment, the low temperature is formed by a wind tunnel refrigerating system, and the water heating can prevent water from freezing in the tube at the low temperature;
the spray 40 can be generated by injecting gas and water with certain pressure into the nozzle, moves with the wind, and is rapidly cooled and impacts the windward side of the test model in the low-temperature environment.
As shown in fig. 5, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a test method for controlling an icing area, which includes the following steps:
step S10: arranging a test device capable of controlling the icing area as described above;
step S20: according to the test requirements, determining an icing area to be formed on the test model 30, and determining the water pressure required to be reached by a water supply system and the air pressure required to be reached by an air supply system;
step S30: determining the nozzles 22 to be opened according to the icing area;
step S40: starting the wind tunnel until the wind speed is stable; starting a water supply system until the water pressure is stable; starting an air supply system until the air pressure is stable;
step S50: opening the electromagnetic valve connected with the nozzle 22 to be opened, and starting spraying;
step S60: and (5) forming icing required by the test on the model 30 to be tested, and ending the test.
After the test is finished, ice shape measurement and other work can be carried out.
The control of the freezing zone is further described as follows: the icing area can be controlled by controlling the opened nozzles, for example, the middle part of the test model needs to be iced by the test target, so that the middle nozzles corresponding to the middle part of the test model can be selected to be simultaneously opened in the test process; if the test object needs to freeze more areas of the test model, then more nozzles can be simultaneously opened during the test.
That is to say, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the corresponding nozzles may be selected to be simultaneously opened during the test according to the icing area required by the test target, and the grid-shaped spray rack in the prior art is usually arranged at the stable section, and the distance between the grid-shaped spray rack in the prior art and the test model is relatively large, so that the icing area required by the test target cannot be obtained even if the nozzles in the grid-shaped spray rack are selectively opened.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The test device capable of controlling the icing area is characterized by comprising a wind tunnel test section (10), a linear spraying frame (20) and a test model (30), wherein the wind tunnel test section (10) is vertically arranged, the linear spraying frame (20) is arranged at the upstream of the wind tunnel test section (10), the linear spraying frame (20) comprises a spraying frame body (21) and two rows of nozzles (22), and the two rows of nozzles (22) are linearly distributed on the spraying frame body (21);
the test model (30) is arranged at the downstream of the wind tunnel test section (10), and the two rows of nozzles (22) face the test model (30).
2. The icing zone control test device according to claim 1, wherein the extension direction of the spray frame body (21) coincides with the direction of the symmetry line of the cross section of the wind tunnel test section (10).
3. A test device for controlling icing zones according to claim 2, characterized in that the distribution direction of the nozzles (22) coincides with the extension direction of the spray frame body (21).
4. The icing zone controlling test device according to claim 3, wherein the outer surface of the spray frame body (21) comprises two symmetrical circular arc surfaces, and the nozzles (22) are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the intersection line of the two symmetrical circular arc surfaces.
5. The test device for controlling icing area according to claim 4, wherein the nozzle (22) comprises a water inlet, an air inlet and a spray nozzle, wherein the water inlet is connected with one end of a solenoid valve, the other end of the solenoid valve is connected with one end of a water supply system, the air inlet is connected with one end of an air supply system, and the other end of the air supply system and the other end of the water supply system are both connected with a controller.
6. A test method for controlling an icing area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S10: arranging a test device capable of controlling icing areas according to claim 5;
step S20: according to the test requirements, determining an icing area to be formed on the test model (30), and determining the water pressure required to be reached by a water supply system and the air pressure required to be reached by an air supply system;
step S30: determining the nozzles (22) to be opened according to the icing area;
step S40: starting the wind tunnel until the wind speed is stable; starting a water supply system until the water pressure is stable; starting an air supply system until the air pressure is stable;
step S50: opening an electromagnetic valve connected with a nozzle (22) to be opened, and starting spraying;
step S60: and (5) forming ice required by the test on the model (30) to be tested, and ending the test.
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113804394B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-03-21 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Air-jet anti-icing device, ice-shape online measurement system and method |
| CN114169256B (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-04-19 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Method for obtaining optimal wind speed of icing wind tunnel in scaling test working condition |
| CN114720082B (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-08-16 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Method for optimizing icing cloud and mist uniformity of large icing wind tunnel |
| CN116448376B (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-08-18 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Spray air supply system for icing wind tunnel and adjusting method |
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