CN112796727A - Composite volume fracturing system and method for continental facies shale reservoir - Google Patents
Composite volume fracturing system and method for continental facies shale reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/164—Injecting CO2 or carbonated water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides a composite volume fracturing system and method for a continental facies shale reservoir, and relates to the technical field of geological resource exploration. The composite volume fracturing system comprises a fracturing target well head and a fracturing unit, wherein the fracturing target well head is arranged on the ground of a continental facies shale reservoir and is positioned around the well head of the fracturing target well: the cable ball-throwing perforating device is used for lowering the bridge plug and the perforating gun to a setting position and a perforating layer through a target well, and igniting the bridge plug and setting and the perforating bullet to excite a plurality of clusters of perforations; supercritical CO2Injection device is connected with target well wellhead and is used supercritical CO of notes2(ii) a The hydraulic injection device is connected with the wellhead of the target well and is used for respectively injecting different types of sand-carrying fracturing fluids; liquid state N2Mix and annotate device and target wellWell head connected for injecting liquid N2. The composite volume fracturing system and the method realize the formation of a large-range and complex volume fracture network in a normal-pressure, high-clay-mineral-content and strong-heterogeneity continental facies shale reservoir, increase the seepage capability of a compact reservoir and further realize the high yield of single-well self-injection.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of geological resource exploration, in particular to a composite volume fracturing system and method for a continental facies shale reservoir.
Background
Oil and gas resources in shale reservoirs in China are very large, but the shale reservoirs have the characteristics of low porosity and low permeability, oil and gas are difficult to flow in the shale reservoirs, and a fracture network needs to be manufactured through a fracturing technology for oil and gas to flow. The conventional fracturing process is a large-scale hydraulic fracturing process, and the technology mainly depends on large-scale fracturing equipment to inject a large amount of slick water and a small amount of jelly into a stratum so as to fracture a shale reservoir and form a complex fracture network, and supports the fracture network by carrying proppants such as quartz sand, ceramsite and the like, so that the purpose of improving the seepage capability of a compact shale reservoir is achieved. By means of the large-scale hydraulic fracturing technology, large-scale commercial development of marine shale gas in south China is realized, and the effect is obvious.
However, in the field of land-phase shale oil and gas exploration, three obvious defects exist in the conventional large-scale hydraulic fracturing technology: firstly, the clay mineral content of the continental shale is high, the average content is 45 percent, the highest content can reach 60 percent, the clay mineral content is far higher than that of the North America and domestic marine shale reservoirs, the clay mineral has strong water sensitivity, the continental shale reservoirs can absorb water and expand by adopting conventional water-based fracturing, pores and roar channels are blocked, a reservoir seepage channel is damaged, and meanwhile, the expansion of the stratum can cause the deformation of a casing, so that the safety of a shaft is influenced; secondly, the continental facies shale has strong heterogeneity, sand and mud are frequently layered, the development of bedding seams and interlayer layers causes large longitudinal stress difference, stress barriers exist, the longitudinal crossing height of cracks is limited, a volume crack network is difficult to form, and only a single crack network can be formed in the continental facies shale reservoir by conventional hydraulic fracturing; and thirdly, continental facies shale reservoir stratum is generally newer in age, shallow in burial, low in thermal evolution degree of oil gas, low in reservoir stratum energy and large in normal pressure reservoir stratum due to the fact that the Ro value is about 1.0% and a large amount of gas generation stages are not achieved, and high yield is achieved greatly.
For the reasons described above, fracturing equipment that implements conventional large scale hydraulic fracturing techniques is not suitable for continental facies shale reservoir reformation.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the embodiment of the application is to provide a composite volume fracturing system and method for a continental facies shale reservoir, which can form a large-range and complex volume fracture network in the continental facies shale reservoir with normal pressure, high clay mineral content and strong heterogeneity, increase the seepage capability of a compact reservoir, and further realize the high yield of single-well self-injection.
In a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a composite volume fracturing system for a continental facies shale reservoir, which includes a fracturing target well head disposed on the surface of the continental facies shale reservoir and located around the fracturing target well head:
the cable ball-throwing perforating device is used for lowering the bridge plug and the perforating gun to a setting position and a perforating layer through a target well, and igniting the bridge plug and setting and the perforating bullet to excite a plurality of clusters of perforations;
supercritical CO2An injection device connected with the wellhead of the target well and used for injecting supercritical CO into the target well2；
The hydraulic injection device is connected with the wellhead of the target well and is used for injecting different types of sand-carrying fracturing fluids into the target well respectively;
liquid state N2The mixing and injecting device is connected with the wellhead of the target well and is used for injecting liquid N into the target well2。
In the above implementationIn the process, firstly, a bridge plug ignition setting and perforating bullet ignition are carried out through a cable ball throwing perforating device to excite multi-cluster perforation, close cutting operation of a shaft before fracturing is completed, and preparation is made for subsequent fracturing; followed by supercritical CO2Injecting supercritical CO into target well by injection device2Carrying out supercritical CO2Pre-preshrunk cracking with supercritical CO2The shale reservoir stratum has extremely high fluidity, diffusivity and penetrability, a complex volume fracture network is formed in the shale reservoir stratum first, and the seepage capability of a compact reservoir stratum is improved; then, injecting different types of sand-carrying fracturing fluids into the target well through a hydraulic injection device, performing hydraulic sand-carrying fracturing by using the different types of sand-carrying fracturing fluids, further expanding a complex volume fracture network formed in the early stage, forming effective support, and simultaneously enabling the fracturing fluid to diffuse to a far well zone along the fracture network perforated in the early stage, so that near well shale reservoir damage and casing deformation are avoided; by liquid N during hydraulic fracturing2Mixing and injecting device injects liquid N into target well2Liquid state N2After entering a continental shale reservoir, the shale oil changes into a gaseous state along with the rise of temperature, the volume of the shale oil is increased by thousands of times, and N2The gas is inert gas and does not react with the continental phase shale reservoir rock, so that the energization effect of the continental phase shale reservoir can be realized, the energization and pressure maintaining of the continental phase shale reservoir are facilitated during later-period flowback, the density of flowback liquid is reduced, the flowback is accelerated, and the flowback rate is improved. Therefore, the composite volume fracturing system for the continental facies shale reservoir stratum in the embodiment of the application can form a large-range complex volume fracture network, and is particularly suitable for forming the large-range complex volume fracture network in the continental facies shale reservoir stratum with normal pressure, high clay mineral content and strong heterogeneity, and the seepage capability of a compact reservoir stratum is improved. Because the continental facies shale reservoir stratum energy is low, the self-injection high yield can not be realized by the formation pressure of the continental facies shale reservoir stratum, and the composite volume fracturing system can increase the formation energy, thereby realizing the single-well self-injection high yield.
In a possible implementation mode, the cable ball-throwing perforating device is located on the adjacent side of a wellhead of a target well and is far away from an inlet of a well site, the cable ball-throwing perforating device comprises a cable downhole operation vehicle, a cable, a bridge plug and a perforating pipe column, the top ends of the bridge plug and the perforating pipe column are used for carrying the bridge plug, a perforating gun used for placing perforating bullets is arranged in the bridge plug and the perforating pipe column, and the cable downhole operation vehicle is connected with the bridge plug and the perforating pipe column through the cable.
In the implementation process, the cable underground operation vehicle lowers the bridge plug and the perforating string to the setting position and the perforating layer through the cable, and then carries out bridge plug ignition setting and perforating bullet ignition to excite a plurality of clusters of perforating holes through the bridge plug and the perforating gun carried by the perforating string.
In one possible implementation, supercritical CO2The injection device comprises a plurality of liquid CO2Tank car and a plurality of CO2Fracturing pump truck and 1 pressurizing and warming pump, each liquid CO2The tank car is connected with a pressure and temperature increasing pump through an anti-freezing infusion pipeline, and the pressure and temperature increasing pump is used for increasing liquid CO2Temperature and pressure of (2) to make liquid CO2Reach the supercritical state to become supercritical CO2Each of CO2The liquid inlet end of the fracturing pump truck is connected with the pressurizing and warming pump, and the liquid outlet end of the fracturing pump truck is connected with the wellhead of the target well.
In the implementation process, the pressure and temperature increasing pump increases liquid CO2Temperature and pressure of (2) to make liquid CO2Reach the supercritical state to become supercritical CO2Then passing CO2Fracturing pump truck supercritical CO2Entering a shale reservoir, forming a complex volume fracture network with a certain range in a near wellbore region by virtue of special fluidity and penetrability of the shale reservoir, and supercritical CO2The composite material can be combined with formation water in a continental facies shale reservoir to form an acidic solution, carbonate cement and the like in the shale reservoir are further corroded, a seepage channel of the shale reservoir is opened, and favorable conditions are provided for subsequent fracturing and oil gas flowback.
In a possible implementation mode, the hydraulic injection device comprises a plurality of fracturing pump trucks and 1 instrument command truck, the liquid outlet end of each fracturing pump truck is connected with the wellhead of a target well and used for continuously injecting different types of sand-carrying fracturing fluids into the target well, and each fracturing pump truck is connected with the instrument command truck through a data transmission line and used for monitoring, controlling and adjusting the discharge capacity, the liquid amount and the construction pressure of each fracturing truck in real time.
In the implementation process, different types of sand-carrying fracturing fluids are injected through the reciprocating miscellaneous cracks of the target well through the fracturing pump truck, the different types of sand-carrying fracturing fluids are utilized, and the displacement, the liquid amount and the construction pressure of the sand-carrying fracturing fluids are monitored, controlled and adjusted in real time through the instrument command vehicle, so that the purposes of expanding a complex volume fracture network, supporting the volume fracture network and polishing a near-well volume fracture network are effectively achieved.
In a possible implementation mode, the fracturing fluid preparation device is located on one side, far away from a target well, of the hydraulic injection device and comprises a plurality of fluid distribution tanks, 1 medicament crane, 1 group of clear water storage devices, a plurality of fracturing blending vehicles and a plurality of sand mixing vehicles, wherein the clear water storage devices are connected with the liquid inlet ends of the fluid distribution tanks for supplying water, the medicament cranes are configured to add different types of medicaments into the fluid distribution tanks to prepare fracturing fluids of different types, the liquid outlet end of each fluid distribution tank is connected with the fracturing blending vehicles through a multi-branch infusion pipeline, the sand mixing vehicles are configured to add supporting agents into the fracturing blending vehicles to prepare sand-carrying fracturing fluids of different types, and the liquid outlet ends of the fracturing blending vehicles are connected with the liquid inlet ends of the fracturing pump vehicles respectively.
In the above-mentioned realization in-process, supply water toward joining in marriage the fluid reservoir through clear water reservoir device to adding different kinds of medicament through the medicament crane in this joining in marriage the fluid reservoir and just can forming the fracturing fluid of different grade type, fracturing fluid input fracturing mixes the car with others, and the different proppant is added to the sand car with others through the rethread, thereby forms the sand fracturing fluid of carrying of different grade type, and rethread fracturing pump truck pours into the target well into, realizes the volume transformation to the interior volume fracture network of land facies shale reservoir.
In a possible implementation mode, the clear water storage device is located on the side of a well site and comprises a plurality of water pumping wells, 1 water pumping pump, 1 soft tank and 1 built-in water delivery pump, the water pumping wells are connected with the soft tank through the water pumping pumps, and the soft tank is connected with the liquid inlet end of each liquid distribution tank through the built-in water delivery pump and used for supplying water.
In the above-mentioned realization process, gather materials on the spot through clear water reservoir device, realize 24 hours incessant retaining and water supply, satisfy continuous fracturing construction demand.
In one possible implementation, liquid N2The mixing and injecting device is positioned at the adjacent side of the wellhead of the target well, and liquid N2The mixing and injecting device comprises a plurality of liquid N2Tank car and a plurality of N2Fracturing pump trucks, each liquid N2Tank car through anti-freezing infusion pipeline and N2The liquid inlet ends of the fracturing pump trucks are connected, and each N is2And the liquid outlet end of the fracturing pump truck is connected with the wellhead of the target well.
In the above implementation, in the hydraulic fracturing process, liquid N is passed through2The mixing and injecting device continuously injects liquid N2 into the target well according to the designed discharge capacity, and the liquid N2After entering the shale reservoir, the oil-gas mixture does not react with minerals in the continental facies shale reservoir rock, is gasified along with the rise of temperature, and has the volume instantly increased by 800-1000 times, so that the normal-pressure continental facies shale reservoir energization is realized, and in the flowback process, N is added2Along with the flowing back liquid discharge pit shaft together, can reduce and flow back liquid density for the flowing back, prevent the pit shaft ponding, increase single well productivity.
In a possible implementation mode, the device further comprises a post-pressure oil gas testing device, the post-pressure oil gas testing device is located on one side of a well mouth far away from a target well, the post-pressure oil gas testing device comprises an oil-gas-water three-phase separator, a gas metering device, a blowout ignition device and a blowout pool, the well mouth of the target well is connected with the three-phase separator, oil, gas and water separation is achieved through the three-phase separator, and the three-phase separator is connected with the blowout ignition device located in the blowout pool through the gas metering device.
In the implementation process, the separated gas passes through the gas metering device, so that gas testing parameters such as gas output, temperature, pressure and the like are accurately metered in real time, and then the gas is combusted in the blowout prevention pool through the blowout ignition device, so that gas pollution is prevented until the work of the gas testing is finished.
In a possible implementation mode, the device further comprises a flow-back oil testing device, the flow-back oil testing device is located on one side away from a wellhead of the target well, the flow-back oil testing device comprises a plurality of groups of blowout pots and a liquid metering device, and the three-phase separator is further connected with each group of blowout pots through the liquid metering device.
In the implementation process, the oil-water mixed liquid separated by the three-phase separator is input into the spraying tank to realize the separation and storage of oil and water, and the oil testing parameters such as water yield, oil output, temperature, pressure and the like are accurately measured in real time through the liquid metering device.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a composite volume fracturing method based on the composite volume fracturing system for a continental facies shale reservoir provided in the first aspect, which includes the following steps:
lowering a bridge plug and a perforating gun to a setting position and a perforating layer through a target well by a cable ball-throwing perforating device, and igniting the bridge plug and setting and perforating bullet to excite a plurality of clusters of perforations;
by supercritical CO2Injecting supercritical CO into target well by injection device2；
Injecting different types of sand-carrying fracturing fluid into the target well through a hydraulic injection device, and simultaneously injecting the sand-carrying fracturing fluid into the target well through liquid N2Mixing and injecting device injects liquid N into target well2。
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite volume fracturing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 1-pumping a water well; 2-a high-power water pump; 3-a soft pot; 4, a water delivery pump is arranged in the water tank; 5-proppant-resistant reservoirs; 6-proppant crane; 7-sand mulling; 8-jelly liquid preparation tank group; 9-linear glue preparation liquid tank group; 10-slickwater liquid preparation tank group; 11-a medicament crane; 12-fracturing blending vehicle; 13-fracturing pump truck; 14-infusion high pressure manifold; 15-instrument command vehicle; 16-liquid CO2A tank car; 17-pressure boostA warming pump; 18-CO2A fracturing pump truck; 19-CO transportation2A high pressure manifold; 20-liquid N2A tank car; 21-N2A fracturing pump truck; 22-input of N2A high pressure manifold; 23-a cable downhole operation vehicle; 24-a cable; 25-bridge plug and perforating string; 26-blowout high-pressure manifold; 27-oil gas water three-phase separator; 28-a gas metering device; 29-open-flow ignition; 30-blow spray pool; 31-a return low pressure manifold; 32-a liquid metering device; 33-blow tank; 34-office of duty; 35-conference room; 36-field dormitory; 37-vehicle material reserve.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships conventionally found in use of products of the application, and are used for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is also to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a composite volume fracturing system for a continental facies shale reservoir, which includes a cable balling perforation device, supercritical CO2Injection device, fracturing fluid preparation device, hydraulic injection device and liquid N2The device comprises a stirring and injecting device, a post-pressure oil testing gas device and a back-flow oil testing device. And (4) vertically extending the target well into the continental facies shale reservoir from the well mouth, and performing fracturing construction on the continental facies shale reservoir through the target well. In order to fully utilize the space on the ground around the wellhead of the target well, and ensure that all operation devices do not interfere with each other, especially ensure that the operation path of an operation vehicle is smooth, and pipelines do not interfere due to cross arrangement, the composite volume fracturing system is arranged on the ground of a continental facies shale reservoir and takes the wellhead of the fracturing target well as the center, and all the devices are arranged around the wellhead of the fracturing target well. Specifically, the cable ball-throwing perforating device and the liquid state N in the embodiment2Stirring and injecting device, hydraulic injecting device and supercritical CO2The injection devices are respectively arranged at four directions, namely, up, down, left and right, on the adjacent side of the wellhead of the target well.
The structure and arrangement of the devices are described in detail below.
Cable ball-throwing perforating device
The cable ball-throwing perforating device is far away from the well site inlet so as to ensure the operation safety. The cable ball-throwing perforating device comprises 1 cable downhole operation vehicle 23, a cable 24 with the measuring range of 5000m, a bridge plug and a perforating string 25, wherein the top end of the bridge plug and the perforating string 25 is used for carrying the bridge plug, a perforating gun for placing perforating bullets is arranged in the bridge plug and the perforating string 25, and the cable downhole operation vehicle 23 is connected with the bridge plug and the perforating string 25 through the cable 24. The cable downhole operation vehicle 23 lowers the bridge plug and the perforating gun to the setting position and the perforating layer through the target well through the cable 24, and then the bridge plug ignition setting and perforating bullet ignition excite a plurality of clusters of perforations to complete the close cutting operation of the target well shaft.
Second, supercritical CO2Injection device
Supercritical CO2The injection device comprises 6 single vehicles with the capacity of 70m3Liquid CO of216 and 4 parallel CO units of tank truck2A fracturing pump truck 18, 1 pressurizing and warming pump 17, 1 group of low-pressure manifolds, 1 group of high-pressure manifolds, and liquid CO2The tank truck 16 is connected with a pressure and temperature increasing pump 17 through an anti-freezing infusion pipeline, and the pressure and temperature increasing pump 17 is used for increasing liquid CO2Temperature and pressure of (2) to make liquid CO2Reach the supercritical state to become supercritical CO2Each of CO2The liquid inlet end of the fracturing pump truck 18 is connected with the pressurizing and warming pump 17 through a low-pressure manifold and is used for inputting supercritical CO2The liquid outlet end passes through a high-pressure manifold, in particular to convey CO2The high-pressure manifold 19 is connected with the wellhead of the target well and is used for injecting supercritical CO into the target well2。
Hydraulic filling device
The hydraulic injection device comprises 18 fracturing pump trucks 13 with 4000 water horsepower in parallel, 1 group of low-pressure manifolds, 1 group of high-pressure manifolds and 1 instrument command truck 15, wherein the liquid outlet end of each fracturing pump truck 13 is connected with the wellhead of a target well through a multi-branch high-pressure manifold, in particular an infusion high-pressure manifold 14, and is used for continuously injecting different types of sand-carrying fracturing fluids into the target well at high pressure and injecting fracturing fluids such as slickwater; each fracturing pump truck 13 is connected with the instrument command truck 15 through a data transmission line and is used for monitoring, controlling and adjusting key data such as discharge capacity, liquid amount and construction pressure of each fracturing truck in real time. The hydraulic injection device is designed according to the discharge capacity in the fracturing construction processIf the fracturing pump trucks 13 with different numbers are started, the requirement of 18m is met3And constructing at the maximum displacement per minute.
Fourth, fracturing fluid preparation device
And the fracturing fluid preparation device is positioned on one side of the hydraulic injection device, which is far away from the target well. The fracturing fluid preparation device consists of 10 300m fracturing fluid preparation devices3The system comprises a liquid preparation tank, 1 75 t-level medicament crane 11, 1 group of clear water storage devices, 2 fracturing mixing trucks 12 connected in parallel and 2 fracturing mixing trucks 50m3The sand mulling cars 7 connected in parallel.
The clear water storage device is connected with the liquid inlet end of each liquid preparation tank for supplying water, the top of each liquid preparation tank is provided with an opening, and the medicament crane 11 is configured to add different types of solid or liquid medicaments into the liquid preparation tanks through the openings so as to prepare different types of fracturing fluids; the liquid outlet end of each liquid preparation tank is connected with a fracturing mixing truck 12 through a multi-branch liquid conveying pipeline, the sand mixing truck 7 is configured to add a propping agent into the fracturing mixing truck 12 to prepare different types of sand-carrying fracturing liquids (mixed liquid of the fracturing liquid and the propping agent combination), the liquid outlet end of the fracturing mixing truck 12 is connected with the liquid inlet end of each fracturing pump truck 13 through a multi-branch low-pressure manifold, and the different types of sand-carrying fracturing liquids are input according to a pumping program.
In the embodiment, all the liquid preparation tanks are divided into 3 liquid preparation tank groups which are connected in parallel and have different functions, and the three liquid preparation tank groups are jelly liquid preparation tank groups 8 which are respectively composed of 3 liquid preparation tanks and used for preparing high-viscosity jelly fracturing liquid; the preparation of different types of fracturing fluids such as jelly, linear gel, slickwater and the like is realized by a linear gel preparation liquid tank group 9 consisting of 3 liquid preparation tanks and used for preparing medium-viscosity linear gel fracturing fluid and a slickwater preparation liquid tank group 10 consisting of 4 liquid preparation tanks and used for preparing low-viscosity slickwater fracturing fluid or low-viscosity acidic slickwater. Each water conveying pipeline and each infusion pipeline connected with the liquid distribution tank are provided with flow control valves, so that the opening and closing and the flow control of the pipelines of the liquid distribution tank groups with different functions are realized.
The clear water storage device is positioned at the side of a well site and consists of 6 pumping wells 1, 1 high-power pumping pump 2 and 1 pump 4000m3The soft tank 3 consists of 1 built-in water delivery pump 4, the four are connected by a water delivery pipeline to realize 2And the water is continuously stored and supplied for 4 hours, so that the requirement of continuous fracturing construction is met. Specifically, the pumping well 1 is connected with the soft tank 3 through a high-power pumping pump 2, the liquid inlet end of each liquid distribution tank is connected with the water storage soft tank 3 through a multi-branch water conveying pipeline, and continuous water supply and liquid distribution during fracturing are realized through a built-in water conveying pump 4 of the soft tank 3.
In addition, a proppant storage area is also arranged and is positioned at the adjacent side of the clear water storage device, and the proppant storage area specifically comprises 1 proppant storage area capable of storing 2000m3The water-tight reservoir of proppant is used to store different types of proppant and 1 stage 75t proppant crane 6 is used to load and unload the proppant.
Liquid N2Stirring and injecting device
Liquid state N2The mixing and injecting device comprises 2 single vehicles with the capacity of 70m3Parallel liquid N2Tank cars 20 and 2N connected in parallel2 Fracturing pump truck 21, 1 group of low-pressure manifolds, 1 group of high-pressure manifolds, and N liquid2The tank car 20 is connected with the N through an anti-freezing infusion pipeline2The liquid inlet end of the fracturing pump truck 21 is connected and used for inputting liquid N into the fracturing pump truck 132Each N2The liquid outlet end of the fracturing pump truck 21 passes through a high-pressure manifold, specifically a conveying N2The high pressure manifold 22 is connected with the wellhead of the target well, and liquid N is continuously injected into the well according to the designed discharge capacity in the hydraulic fracturing process2And the aim of increasing the energy of the continental facies shale reservoir is fulfilled.
Sixth, after-pressure oil and gas testing device
The post-pressure oil gas testing device is positioned on one side far away from a well head and a personnel activity area and comprises an oil-gas-water separator 27, a high-pressure manifold, a gas metering device 28, a blowout ignition device 29 and a blowout pool 30. The target well mouth is connected with a three-phase separator through a high-pressure manifold, specifically a blowout high-pressure manifold 26, the three-phase separator realizes oil, gas and water separation of oil and gas in a shale reservoir layer pumped out by the target well mouth, and the three separators are connected with a blowout ignition device 29 in a blowout pool 30 through a gas metering device 28. The separated gas passes through a gas metering device 28, so that gas testing parameters such as gas output, temperature, pressure and the like are accurately metered in real time, and then the gas is combusted in a blowout prevention pool through a blowout ignition device 29, so that gas pollution is prevented until the work of oil testing gas is finished.
Seven, return oil testing device
The back flow oil testing device is also positioned on one side far away from the well mouth and the personnel activity area and comprises a low-pressure manifold and 3 groups of 500m3A blow-off tank 33 and a liquid metering device 32, and the three-phase separator is also connected with the blow-off tank 33 through the liquid metering device 32. The oil-water mixed liquid separated by the three-phase separator is input into a blow-off tank 33 through a low-pressure manifold, particularly a return low-pressure manifold 31, so that the separation and storage of oil and water are realized; through liquid metering device 32, accurate real-time measurement water yield, oil output, temperature, pressure etc. test oil parameter, the flow back liquid of storing in the blowout jar 33 can also be transported to special sewage treatment plant through the waste liquid transport vechicle, prevents liquid pollution, and the work is ended until the test oil gas.
In order to realize the automatic operation of the composite volume fracturing system, a controller can be further arranged, wherein the controller is configured to firstly control the cable ball-throwing perforating device to lower the bridge plug and the perforating gun to a setting position and a perforating layer through a target well, and to ignite the bridge plug to set and the perforating bullet to excite a plurality of clusters of perforations; controlling the supercritical CO2Injecting supercritical CO into target well by injection device2To create complex volumetric fracture networks in continental facies shale reservoirs; then controlling a hydraulic injection device to inject different types of sand-carrying fracturing fluid into the target well for expanding, supporting and polishing the volume fracture network, and simultaneously controlling the liquid N2The mixing and injecting device injects liquid N into the target well2Energizing; and finally, controlling the hydraulic injection device to inject the acidic slick water into the target well for replacing and acidizing.
In order to meet the working and living needs of operators, a working and living area is further arranged, and the working and living area is positioned on one side adjacent to the entrance of a well site, and specifically comprises a duty room 34, a meeting room 35, a field dormitory 36 and a vehicle material storage area 37 for the working and living needs of daily personnel.
The present embodiment also provides a composite volume fracturing method based on the above composite volume fracturing system for a continental facies shale reservoir, which generally comprises the following steps:
s1, lowering the bridge plug and the perforating gun to a setting position and a perforating layer through the target well by the cable ball-throwing perforating device, and enabling the bridge plug to be ignited and set and the perforating bullet to be ignited to excite a plurality of clusters of perforations.
S2, passing supercritical CO2Injecting supercritical CO into target well by injection device2To create complex volumetric fracture networks in continental facies shale reservoirs.
S3, injecting different types of sand-carrying fracturing fluids into the target well through a hydraulic injection device to expand, support and polish the volume fracture network, and simultaneously injecting the sand-carrying fracturing fluids into the target well through liquid N2Mixing and injecting device injects liquid N into target well2And (4) energizing.
And S4, injecting acid slickwater into the target well through the hydraulic injection device for displacing and acidizing.
Specifically, in the embodiment, a shale oil reservoir of the Jili leaf oil 1 is modified, the Jili leaf oil 1 well is located in a beneficial region of a broken Qin Jiatun of a pear tree in a southeast uplifted region of a Songliao basin, a target layer is a shale reservoir of a lower chalky river sub-group, the clay mineral content of the shale oil reservoir is high, the clay mineral content is concentrated to about 30-50%, the average clay mineral content is 36%, the reservoir plasticity is strong, the brittleness index (static modulus calculation) is more than 50-70%, and the shale oil reservoir belongs to a strong water sensitivity reservoir; the longitudinal stress difference is large due to the development of longitudinal sand interlayers and bedding seams of the reservoir, the horizontal stress difference is concentrated between 5 MPa and 10MPa, and the heterogeneity is strong. The content of brittle minerals such as shale quartz, feldspar and the like in the sand river subgroup is 32 percent on average, the content of clay minerals is 36 percent on average, the content of carbonate minerals is about 32 percent, and the shale is mixed shale. The average value of the porosity of the shale is 5.4 percent; the mean permeability is 0.12X 103μm2A low pore permeability shale reservoir; the reservoir pressure coefficient is 1.02-1.18, and the reservoir belongs to a normal-pressure land shale reservoir. According to the geological-engineering integrated evaluation standard and method, a 221m straight well section is segmented into 5 sections, the perforation is 20 clusters, the average section length is 44 meters, and the average cluster spacing is 11.1 m.
In the embodiment, the composite volume fracturing system is used for implementing 5-section/221 m fracturing construction on the well, and the specific construction steps of each section are as follows:
and S1, lowering the bridge plug and the perforating gun to a setting position and a perforating layer through the target well by the cable ball-throwing perforating device, specifically lowering the bridge plug and the perforating gun to the target position by the cable 24 by the cable downhole operation vehicle 23. The bridge plug is a drill-free large-diameter soluble bridge plug, the water chlorine root of the target well land shale reservoir is completely dissolved in 15d under the environment according to prediction of about 3952mg/L, and a large-diameter deep penetration perforating gun bullet (89 guns, over 2 generation bullets) is adopted.
And (3) igniting and setting the bridge plug and igniting the perforating bullets to excite multiple clusters of perforating holes, wherein the arrangement interval of the perforating bullets is controlled to be 8-12 holes/m, and the total number of the perforating holes in each section is 34-40 holes.
S2, passing supercritical CO2Injecting supercritical CO into target well by injection device2To create complex volume fracture networks in continental facies shale reservoirs. In particular, liquid CO2Liquid CO in tanker 162Raising the temperature and the pressure to a supercritical state by a temperature-raising booster pump, wherein the critical temperature is 31.1 ℃, the critical pressure is 7.38MPa, and inputting CO by a low-pressure manifold2Within the fracturing pump truck 18; CO 22The fracturing pump truck 18 is again according to 4m3Displacement per min, supercritical CO2Injecting the mixture into a target well shaft through an anti-freezing high-pressure manifold by a fracturing pump truck 13, wherein the injection amount of each section is 200-400 m3。
S3, injecting different types of sand-carrying fracturing fluids into the target well through a hydraulic injection device to expand, support and polish the volume fracture network, and simultaneously injecting the sand-carrying fracturing fluids into the target well through liquid N2Mixing and injecting device injects liquid N into target well2Energizing, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, clear water in a soft body tank 3 is input into a jelly liquid preparation tank group 8, corresponding solid or liquid medicaments are added through a medicament crane 11 according to the formula of high-viscosity jelly, wherein the constituents include, by mass fraction, 0.8% of carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum, 2% of KCL anti-swelling agent, 0.5% of fluorocarbon cleanup additive, 0.5% of cross-linking agent, 0.2% of friction reducer and 96% of clear water, and the prepared high-viscosity jelly fracturing liquid is input into a fracturing blending vehicle 12; the support frame crane is used for supporting the proppant (the low-density ceramsite with 30/50 meshes is selected and has the density of 1.58 g/cm) in the water-proof reservoir area 5 with the coarse particle size3) Transporting to a sand mixing truck 7 and thenAdding the mixture into a fracturing mixture truck 12 by a sand mixing truck 7 according to the sand adding proportion of 5 percent, and inputting the prepared high-viscosity gel fracturing fluid carrying the coarse-particle-size propping agent into a fracturing pump truck 13; according to 16m by a fracturing pump truck 133And injecting the displacement/min into a target well shaft.
Then, clear water in the soft tank 3 is input into a slickwater fluid preparation tank group 10, corresponding solid or liquid agents are added through a medicament crane 11 according to the low-viscosity slickwater formula, wherein the corresponding solid or liquid agents are composed of 0.1% of carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum, 1.5% of KCL anti-swelling agent, 0.3% of fluorocarbon cleanup additive, 0.1% of drag reducer and 98% of clear water in percentage by mass, and the prepared low-viscosity slickwater fracturing fluid is input into a fracturing blending vehicle 12; the small-particle-size proppant (selected from 70/140-mesh low-density powder pottery with a ceramsite density of 1.58 g/cm) in the proppant waterproof reservoir area 5 is hoisted by a support frame crane3) The fracturing fluid is conveyed to a sand mixing truck 7, then is added into a fracturing mixing truck 12 by the sand mixing truck 7 according to the sand adding proportion of 12 percent, and the prepared low-viscosity slickwater fracturing fluid carrying the small-particle-size propping agent is input into a fracturing pump truck 13; according to the length of 12m by a fracturing pump truck 133And injecting the displacement/min into a target well shaft.
Then, clear water in the soft body tank 3 is input into a linear glue blending liquid tank group 9, a corresponding solid or liquid medicament is added by a medicament crane 11 according to the formula of the medium-viscosity linear glue, wherein the medicament comprises 0.2 percent of carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum, 1.5 percent of KCL anti-swelling agent, 0.3 percent of fluorocarbon cleanup additive, 0.3 percent of cross-linking agent, 0.2 percent of friction reducer and 97.5 percent of clear water in percentage by mass, and the prepared medium-viscosity linear glue fracturing liquid is input into a fracturing blending vehicle 12; the medium-particle-size proppant (selected from 40/70-mesh low-density ceramsite with the density of 1.58 g/cm) in the proppant waterproof storage area 5 is hoisted by a support frame crane3) The mixture is transported to a sand mixing truck 7, and then is added into a fracturing mixing truck 12 according to the sand adding proportion of 10 percent by the sand mixing truck 7, and the medium-viscosity linear gel fracturing fluid carrying the medium-particle-size proppant is prepared and input into a fracturing pump truck 13; according to 14m by a fracturing pump truck 133And injecting the displacement/min into a target well shaft.
In the process of injecting the sand-carrying fracturing fluid into the hydraulic fracturing device, the liquid N is used2Mixing and injecting device injects liquid N into target well2Energizing, in particular, liquid N2Liquid N in tanker 202By N2And the fracturing pump truck 21 injects the fracturing fluid into a target well shaft according to the discharge capacity of 180L/min.
S4, injecting acidic slick water into a target well through a hydraulic injection device for displacement and acidification, specifically, inputting clear water in a soft tank 3 into a slick water liquid preparation tank group 10, adding a corresponding solid or liquid medicament through a medicament crane 11 according to the mass fraction of the low-viscosity acidic slick water, wherein the low-viscosity acidic slick water comprises 0.1% of carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum, 1.5% of KCL anti-swelling agent, 0.3% of fluorocarbon cleanup additive, 0.1% of drag reducer, 15% of HCL and 98% of clear water, inputting the prepared low-viscosity acidic slick water into a fracturing mixing truck 12, and inputting the prepared low-viscosity acidic slick water into a fracturing pump truck 13; the target well bore is injected by the fracturing pump truck 13 in a volumetric dose of 1.5 bore volumes.
And repeating the steps to finish the 5-stage fracturing construction in sequence. Gill pear leaf oil 1 well main fracturing fluid amount 7304.25m3Wherein the high viscosity jelly accounts for 10 percent, the low viscosity slickwater accounts for 75 percent and the medium viscosity linear jelly accounts for 15 percent; liquid CO2Dosage of 698m3(ii) a Total sand addition amount 449.44m3Wherein 70-140 meshes of ceramsite accounts for 10%, 40-70 meshes of ceramsite accounts for 75%, and 30-50 meshes of ceramsite accounts for 15%; liquid nitrogen 77.4m3。
The results show that the Ji pear leaf oil 1 well obtains the highest daily yield of 17 ten thousand meters3Fixed yield 7.6 ten thousand meters3The method for high-yield shale gas flow realizes the major strategic breakthrough of atmospheric continental facies shale gas exploration in Songliao basin for the first time.
Therefore, the composite volume fracturing system provided by the embodiment of the application is innovatively used for solving the 3 technical difficulties of high clay mineral content, strong reservoir heterogeneity, low formation energy and the like of the continental facies shale formation, and is used for innovatively converting supercritical CO2Injection device and liquid N2The mixing injection device and the hydraulic injection device are combined together, the defects that the traditional hydraulic fracturing is easy to cause water sensitivity, damages a reservoir and a sleeve, is simple to form a seam network, cannot realize energy increasing and the like are overcome, the effects of improving the complex seam network volume of the continental facies shale reservoir, effectively supporting the seam network, increasing the energy of a normal pressure stratum, increasing the seepage capability of a compact reservoir and the like are realized, and the high yield and the stable yield of the continental facies shale oil and shale gas well are ensured.
In summary, the composite volume fracturing system and method for the continental facies shale reservoir stratum in the embodiment of the application realize the formation of a large-range and complex volume fracture network in the continental facies shale reservoir stratum with normal pressure, high clay mineral content and strong heterogeneity, and increase the seepage capability of a compact reservoir stratum, thereby realizing the high yield of single-well self-injection.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A composite volume fracturing system for a continental shale reservoir, comprising, disposed at the surface of the continental shale reservoir and located about a fracturing target well-head:
the cable ball-throwing perforating device is used for lowering the bridge plug and the perforating gun to a setting position and a perforating layer through a target well, and igniting the bridge plug and setting and the perforating bullet to excite a plurality of clusters of perforations;
supercritical CO2An injection device connected with the wellhead of the target well and used for injecting supercritical CO into the target well2；
The hydraulic injection device is connected with the wellhead of the target well and is used for respectively injecting different types of sand-carrying fracturing fluids into the target well;
liquid state N2The mixing and injecting device is connected with the wellhead of the target well and is used for injecting liquid N into the target well2。
2. The complex volume fracturing system for a continental facies shale reservoir of claim 1, wherein the cable ball-throwing perforating device is located adjacent to the target wellhead and away from the well site entrance, the cable ball-throwing perforating device comprises a cable downhole operation vehicle, a cable, a bridge plug and a perforating string, the top end of the bridge plug and the perforating string is used for carrying the bridge plug, the bridge plug and the perforating string are internally provided with perforating guns for placing perforating bullets, and the cable downhole operation vehicle is connected with the bridge plug and the perforating string through the cable.
3. The composite volume fracturing system for a continental facies shale reservoir of claim 1, wherein the supercritical CO2The injection device comprises a plurality of liquid CO2Tank car and a plurality of CO2A fracturing pump truck and 1 pressurizing and warming pump, wherein each liquid CO is2The tank car is connected with the pressure and temperature increasing pump through an anti-freezing infusion pipeline, and the pressure and temperature increasing pump is used for increasing liquid CO2Temperature and pressure of (2) to make liquid CO2Reach the supercritical state to become supercritical CO2Each of said CO2And the liquid inlet end of the fracturing pump truck is connected with the pressurizing and warming pump, and the liquid outlet end of the fracturing pump truck is connected with the wellhead of the target well.
4. The composite volume fracturing system for the continental facies shale reservoir of claim 1, wherein the hydraulic injection device comprises a plurality of fracturing pump trucks and 1 instrument command truck, wherein the liquid outlet end of each fracturing pump truck is connected with the wellhead of the target well for continuously injecting different types of sand-carrying fracturing fluids into the target well, and each fracturing pump truck is connected with the instrument command truck through a data transmission line for monitoring, controlling and adjusting the displacement, the liquid amount and the construction pressure of each fracturing truck in real time.
5. The complex volume fracturing system for terrestrial shale reservoir according to claim 4, further comprising a fracturing fluid preparation device, the fracturing fluid preparation device being located at a side of the hydraulic injection device away from the target well, the fracturing fluid preparation device comprising a plurality of fluid preparation tanks, 1 agent crane, 1 group of clean water reservoir devices, a plurality of fracturing blending trucks and a plurality of sand blending trucks, the clean water reservoir devices being connected to the inlet end of each fluid preparation tank for supplying water, the agent cranes being configured to add different kinds of agents into each fluid preparation tank to prepare different types of fracturing fluids, the outlet end of each fluid preparation tank being connected to the fracturing blending truck through a multi-branch fluid delivery line, the sand blending trucks being configured to add proppant into the fracturing blending trucks to prepare different types of sand-carrying fracturing fluids, and the liquid outlet end of each fracturing blending vehicle is respectively connected with the liquid inlet end of each fracturing pump vehicle.
6. The complex volume fracturing system for the continental facies shale reservoir of claim 5, wherein the clear water storage device is located at the side of the well site and comprises a plurality of water pumping wells, 1 water pumping pump, 1 soft tank and 1 built-in water delivery pump, wherein the water pumping wells are connected with the soft tank through the water pumping pumps, and the soft tank is connected with the liquid inlet end of each liquid distribution tank through the built-in water delivery pump for supplying water.
7. The composite volume fracturing system for a continental facies shale reservoir of claim 1, wherein the liquid N is2The mixing and injecting device is positioned adjacent to the wellhead of the target well, and the liquid N2The mixing and injecting device comprises a plurality of liquid N2Tank car and a plurality of N2Fracturing pump trucks, each of said liquid N2The tank car is communicated with the N through an anti-freezing infusion pipeline2The liquid inlet ends of the fracturing pump trucks are connected, and each N is2And the liquid outlet end of the fracturing pump truck is connected with the wellhead of the target well.
8. The composite volume fracturing system for the continental facies shale reservoir of claim 1, further comprising a post-fracturing test oil-gas device, wherein the post-fracturing test oil-gas device is located on one side far away from the wellhead of the target well, the post-fracturing test oil-gas device comprises three separators of oil, gas and water, a gas metering device, a blowout ignition device and a blowout pool, the wellhead of the target well is connected with the three-phase separator, the three separators realize the separation of oil, gas and water, and the three separators are connected with the blowout ignition device located in the blowout pool through the gas metering device.
9. The composite volume fracturing system for a continental facies shale reservoir of claim 8, further comprising a flow back test unit located at a side away from a wellhead of the target well, wherein the flow back test unit comprises a plurality of sets of blow-off tanks and a liquid metering device, and the three-phase separator is further connected with each set of blow-off tanks through the liquid metering device.
10. A composite volume fracturing method based on the composite volume fracturing system for the continental facies shale reservoir of claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
lowering a bridge plug and a perforating gun to a setting position and a perforating layer through a target well by a cable ball-throwing perforating device, and igniting the bridge plug and setting and perforating bullet to excite a plurality of clusters of perforations;
by supercritical CO2Injecting supercritical CO into the target well by the injection device2；
Injecting different types of sand-carrying fracturing fluids into the target well through a hydraulic injection device, and simultaneously injecting the sand-carrying fracturing fluids into the target well through liquid N2Injecting liquid N into the target well by the mixing and injecting device2。
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| CN210919013U (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-07-03 | 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 | Fracturing construction operation system |
| CN111396017A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-07-10 | 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 | Compact oil reservoir fracturing method with low porosity, low permeability and high shale content |
| CN214787328U (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-11-19 | 中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心 | Composite volume fracturing system for continental facies shale reservoir |
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| CN113404478A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-09-17 | 四川宏华电气有限责任公司 | Shale gas full-electric automatic fracturing operation equipment and method |
| CN116291342A (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-06-23 | 新疆敦华绿碳技术股份有限公司 | High miscible pressure reservoir CO 2 Mixed phase driving device and method |
| CN116291342B (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2024-05-24 | 新疆敦华绿碳技术股份有限公司 | High miscible pressure reservoir CO2Mixed phase driving device and method |
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