CN112796717A - Air foam flooding method for reducing gas channeling in underground thickened oil exploitation and foaming agent thereof - Google Patents
Air foam flooding method for reducing gas channeling in underground thickened oil exploitation and foaming agent thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 243
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 243
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- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O N,N,N-trimethylglycinium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/166—Injecting a gaseous medium; Injecting a gaseous medium and a liquid medium
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/58—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
- C09K8/584—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids characterised by the use of specific surfactants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/58—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
- C09K8/588—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids characterised by the use of specific polymers
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/58—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
- C09K8/594—Compositions used in combination with injected gas, e.g. CO2 orcarbonated gas
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/602—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation containing surfactants
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- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/602—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation containing surfactants
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/84—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/86—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
- C09K8/88—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
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- C09K8/92—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material
- C09K8/94—Foams
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- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/20—Displacing by water
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Abstract
The invention discloses an air foam flooding method for reducing gas channeling in underground thickened oil exploitation and a foaming agent thereof, and the method comprises the following steps: s1 ready for work; s2 pre-implant; s3 slug injection: the total number of the sections is 3, the section combination 1 is 0.06PV air foam flooding and 0.04PV water flooding repeated for 2 times, the section combination 2 is 0.03PV air foam flooding and 0.03PV water flooding repeated for 6 times, and the section combination 3 is 0.05PV three-phase mixed foam flooding and 0.05PV water flooding repeated for 4 times; s4 post injection; and S5 adjusting parameters. The foaming agent comprises 0.43-0.46% of anionic surfactant, 0.32-0.35% of amphoteric surfactant and the balance of water in percentage by mass. The air foam flooding method achieves the aim of effectively reducing gas channeling in a step-by-step injection mode, effectively improves the plugging effect of the air foam flooding on the premise of not generating gas channeling by monitoring the content of nitrogen in real time and regulating and controlling the gas injection speed and the liquid injection speed, and greatly improves the oil flushing efficiency and the oil regulating and flooding efficiency of the air foam flooding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of air foam flooding for oil exploitation, in particular to an air foam flooding method for reducing gas channeling for underground heavy oil exploitation and a foaming agent thereof.
Background
As one of highly efficient tertiary oil recovery technologies, the foam flooding technology develops very rapidly in recent years, can effectively improve the water injection swept area and the oil washing efficiency after being injected into an oil-bearing stratum, reduces the oil-water interfacial tension through surface active substances in the foam flooding technology, and has important significance for preventing and treating water channeling and gas channeling by adjusting the oil-water fluidity ratio. In the process of thick oil exploitation, due to poor crude oil fluidity, the exploitation by the pressure of an oil layer or general water injection exploitation is difficult to achieve a good exploitation effect, and the air foam flooding has very obvious advantages for thick oil exploitation.
The foam flooding is divided into air foam flooding, nitrogen foam flooding and CO2Foam flooding, etc., the mechanism of action thereofDifferent, the air foam flooding combines the advantages of air flooding and foam flooding, air is used as an oil displacement agent, stratum energy is supplemented in the injection process, foam is used as a profile control agent, the water absorption profile is adjusted, the fluidity is effectively controlled, the swept volume is enlarged, and meanwhile, a surfactant in a liquid phase can reduce the oil-water interfacial tension, improve the rock surface wettability and improve the oil washing efficiency. However, at present, a certain gap exists between the pore seepage rule of the air foam flooding in the experiment and the actual stratum state, and further research is needed to optimize the air foam flooding technology to solve the problems of air channeling and the like.
The selection and application of the foaming agent are the key for realizing air foam flooding, the foaming performance and the foaming stability can be effectively improved by reasonably selecting the foaming agent, different types of foaming agents or surfactants are usually compounded into a mixed system in actual production to make up for the defects of the performance of a single foaming agent or surfactant and achieve better effect, however, the performance of the foaming agent is poorer in the oil washing capability due to the relatively higher interfacial tension between the foaming agent and crude oil, so the performance of the foaming agent needs to be researched and improved to obtain the foaming agent which is more stable and has higher oil washing efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an air foam flooding method for reducing gas channeling in underground heavy oil recovery and a foaming agent thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an air foam flooding method for reducing gas channeling in underground thickened oil exploitation comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation: collecting dynamic data of production in a work area, preparing sufficient water to ensure sufficient gas source, preparing sufficient foaming agent, and putting a gas pressure sensor and a nitrogen detector into a casing of a production well;
s2 pre-implant: performing advanced water injection at one end of a water injection well, and when the water content near a production well reaches 70-80%, beginning to inject pre-air foam, wherein the injection mode is gas-liquid co-injection, and the gas-liquid volume ratio is 1.25-1.45: 1, the injection speed is 7.5-9L/min, and the injection amount is 0.6-1.2 PV;
s3 slug injection: slug injection is carried out at water injection well one end, divide into 3 groups totally, wherein, slug combination 1 is that 0.06PV air foam drives and 0.04PV water drive repeats 2 times, and the gas-liquid volume ratio that air foam driven is 1: 1, the air foam flooding injection mode is air-liquid alternate injection, the slug combination 2 is 0.03PV air foam flooding and 0.03PV water flooding repeated for 6 times, and the air-liquid volume ratio of the air foam flooding is 1-1.1: 1, the injection mode of the air foam flooding is gas-liquid alternate injection, the slug combination 3 is 0.05PV three-phase mixed foam flooding and 0.05PV water flooding repeated for 4 times, and the gas-liquid-solid volume ratio of the three-phase mixed foam flooding is 1.1-1.3: 1: 0.05, the injection mode of the three-phase mixed foam flooding is gas-liquid-solid co-injection, the gas injection speed is 3.2-4L/min, the liquid injection speed is 12.5-15L/min, the solid phase is dispersed in the liquid phase, the gas injection is continued after the liquid injection is finished, and the gas injection quantity is correspondingly adjusted according to the actual production condition;
s4 post injection: carrying out post water injection at one end of a water injection well, and adding a polymer with the mass concentration of 1000mg/L as a foam stabilizer in the post water injection;
and S5 parameter adjustment: collecting dynamic data of air foam flooding production, analyzing the dynamic data of production and the air foam flooding effect, and comparing the dynamic data with an expected value.
Furthermore, the foaming mode of the preposed air foam in the preposed injection in the step S2 is ground foaming, the mixing time of air and foam liquid on the ground is 15-20min, the foaming mode of the three-phase mixed foam in the slug injection in the step S3 is bottom-hole foaming, the air and the foam liquid are fully mixed by the ground foaming, the effect of effectively blocking a large pore channel can be achieved in the initial injection stage, the air channeling is prevented, the injection efficiency is improved in the later injection stage, and the functions of air foam liquid displacement and oil washing are achieved.
Further, monitoring the nitrogen content of the production well in real time in the pre-injection of the step S2, and reducing the injection speed to the minimum value of a preset value when the mass content of the nitrogen is 15-30%; when the mass content of the nitrogen is 30-50%, reducing the injection speed to 3-4L/min; when the mass content of the nitrogen is more than 50%, closing the well and suspending injection, and resuming injection when the nitrogen content is reduced to less than 10%, and the occurrence of gas channeling can be effectively reduced by controlling the nitrogen content.
Furthermore, in the step S3, the gas injection speed of air foam driving air in the slug injection middle slug combination 1 is 2.5-3L/min, the liquid injection speed of air foam driving foaming agent mixed liquid is 6.5-7L/min, the water injection speed of water driving is 11.5-13L/min, the gas injection speed of air foam driving air in the slug combination 2 is 2.8-3.5L/min, the liquid injection speed of air foam driving foaming agent mixed liquid is 7.2-8.6L/min, and the water injection speed of water driving is 12.5-13.5L/min.
Further, monitoring the nitrogen content of the production well in real time in the slug injection of the step S3, and reducing the gas injection speed to the minimum value of a preset value when the mass content of the nitrogen is 10-15% for the slug combinations 1 and 2; when the mass content of the nitrogen is 15-25%, reducing the gas injection speed to 1-1.2L/min, and reducing the liquid injection speed to the minimum value of a preset value; when the mass content of the nitrogen is 25-40%, suspending air foam flooding, if the nitrogen is in a water flooding state, reducing the water injection speed to the minimum value of a preset value, closing the well after the water flooding is finished at the current stage, and resuming the injection until the nitrogen content is reduced to below 10%; when the mass content of the nitrogen is more than 40% and the reading of the manometer obviously rises abnormally, the well is immediately closed until the nitrogen content is reduced to be less than 10%, and the injection is resumed, so that the bottom hole pressure and the nitrogen content are reasonably monitored, and the well injection and the gas channeling are prevented in the construction process.
Further, in the step S3, the solid phase component and mass ratio of the three-phase mixed foam flooding in slug injection are bentonite: SiO 22Powder: polymer gel microspheres: fly ash equal to 3: 0.6: 1: 2, the solid phase forms a layer of compact shell structure on the foam liquid film, thereby increasing the friction force between the liquid films, improving the mechanical strength of the film, and the three-phase foam has higher apparent viscosity and high-speed shear resistance.
Further, the polymer component and the mass ratio in the post injection in the step S4 are succinamide acid salt: polyacrylamide: soluble starch equal to 5: 1: 2-3, improving the foam stability and further improving the oil washing efficiency.
The method for producing the underground heavy oil adopts an air foam flooding foaming agent for reducing gas channeling, and comprises the following steps of: 0.43 to 0.46 percent of anionic surfactant, 0.32 to 0.35 percent of amphoteric surfactant and the balance of water, thus making up the defect of single surfactant.
Further, the anionic surfactant is fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, cellulose, phthalate sodium salt and methanol in a mass ratio of 0.5-5: 0.05-0.1: 0.2-1: 20-30, and the novel anionic surfactant can effectively improve the stability of the foaming agent.
Further, the amphoteric surfactant is dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, ethylenediamine and cyclohexane in a mass ratio of 2-5: 0.3-0.8: 0.02: 7-10, and the novel amphoteric surfactant can effectively prolong the half-life period of foam.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the air foam flooding method for reducing gas channeling for underground heavy oil exploitation achieves the aim of effectively reducing gas channeling in a step-by-step injection mode, effectively improves the plugging effect of air foam flooding on the premise of not generating gas channeling by monitoring the content of nitrogen in real time and regulating and controlling the gas injection speed and the liquid injection speed, and greatly improves the oil washing efficiency and the oil mixing efficiency of the air foam flooding.
(2) The air foam flooding method for reducing gas channeling for underground heavy oil exploitation disclosed by the invention has the advantages that a blocking zone with large flow resistance is formed after water is injected by designing the preposed air foam liquid with a reasonable gas-liquid volume ratio, so that the flow power of the water which is transported originally is reduced, and the purpose of limiting the water content of an oil well of a well group to rise is achieved.
(3) The air foam flooding method for reducing gas channeling in underground heavy oil exploitation realizes the maximum mixing of air and foam at the bottom of a well through the reasonably designed injection slug combination, generates more foam, has a stable foam system, generates better foam quality, forms larger blocking pressure difference, and can effectively prevent gas channeling.
(4) The air foam flooding method for reducing gas channeling for underground heavy oil exploitation adds the three-phase mixed foam flooding at the rear section of the injection slug and provides a new formula of solid phase components, thereby increasing the friction force among liquid films, improving the mechanical strength of the films and leading the three-phase foams to have higher apparent viscosity and high-speed shearing resistance.
(5) The air foam flooding and foaming agent disclosed by the invention is prepared by compounding and improving two surfactants, so that the stability of the foaming agent can be effectively improved, and the half-life period of foam can be effectively prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of injection versus recovery gain according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
An air foam flooding method for reducing gas channeling in underground thickened oil exploitation comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation: collecting dynamic data of production in a work area, preparing sufficient water to ensure sufficient gas source, preparing sufficient foaming agent, and putting a gas pressure sensor and a nitrogen detector into a casing of a production well;
s2 pre-implant: performing advanced water injection at one end of a water injection well, and when the water content near a production well reaches 70%, starting to inject preposed air foam in a ground foaming mode, wherein the air and foam liquid are mixed for 18min on the ground, the injection mode is gas-liquid co-injection, and the gas-liquid volume ratio is 1.25: 1, the injection speed is 7.5L/min, the injection amount is 0.6PV, the nitrogen content of the production well is monitored in real time, and when the mass content of the nitrogen is 15-30%, the injection speed is reduced to the minimum value of a preset value; when the mass content of nitrogen is 30-50%, reducing the injection speed to 3L/min, when the mass content of nitrogen is more than 50%, closing the well and suspending injection until the nitrogen content is less than 10%, and resuming injection, wherein PV represents the pore volume multiple, namely the value obtained by dividing the injection amount or the extraction amount by the pore volume, and represents the injection or extraction amount, and the injection amount or the extraction amount can also be directly represented by volume, but cannot be compared among different oil reservoirs, therefore, PV is used as a unit in the invention, and PV can be more than 1 and also less than 1;
s3 slug injection: slug injection is carried out at water injection well one end, divide into 3 groups totally, wherein, slug combination 1 is that 0.06PV air foam drives and 0.04PV water drive repeats 2 times, and the gas injection speed that air foam driven air is 2.5L/min, and the liquid injection speed that air foam driven foamer mixed liquid is 6.5L/min, and the gas-liquid volume ratio that air foam driven is 1: 1, the injection mode of air foam flooding is gas-liquid alternate injection, the water injection speed of water flooding is 11.5L/min, the slug combination 2 is that 0.03PV air foam flooding and 0.03PV water flooding are repeated 6 times, the gas injection speed of air foam flooding is 2.8L/min, the liquid injection speed of air foam flooding foaming agent mixed liquid is 7.2L/min, and the gas-liquid volume ratio of air foam flooding is 1: 1, the injection mode of air foam flooding is gas-liquid alternative injection, the water flooding water injection speed is 12.5L/min, the slug combination 3 is a three-phase mixed foam flooding of 0.05PV and a water flooding of 0.05PV repeated 4 times, and the gas-liquid-solid volume ratio of the three-phase mixed foam flooding is 1.1: 1: 0.05, the foaming mode of the three-phase mixed foam is bottom hole foaming, the injection mode of the three-phase mixed foam flooding is gas-liquid-solid co-injection, the gas injection speed is 3.2L/min, the liquid injection speed is 12.5L/min, the solid phase is dispersed in the liquid phase, and the solid phase comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 22Powder: polymer gel microspheres: fly ash equal to 3: 0.6: 1: 2, gas injection is continued after liquid injection is finished, and the gas injection amount is correspondingly adjusted according to the actual production condition; monitoring the nitrogen content of the production well in real time, for the slug combinations 1 and 2, when the mass content of nitrogen is 10-15%, reducing the gas injection speed to the minimum value of a preset value, when the mass content of nitrogen is 15-25%, reducing the gas injection speed to 1L/min, reducing the liquid injection speed to the minimum value of the preset value, when the mass content of nitrogen is 25-40%, suspending air foam flooding, if the nitrogen is in a water flooding state, reducing the water injection speed to the minimum value of the preset value, closing the well after the water flooding is finished at the current stage, resuming injection until the nitrogen content is reduced to below 10%, when the mass content of nitrogen is above 40% and is obviously abnormal along with the increase of readings of a manometer, immediately closing the well until the nitrogen content is reduced to 10% to obtain the nitrogen contentThe injection is recovered when the current is lower;
s4 post injection: carrying out post water injection at one end of a water injection well, and adding a polymer with the mass concentration of 1000mg/L as a foam stabilizer in the post water injection; the polymer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: polyacrylamide: soluble starch equal to 5: 1: 2;
and S5 parameter adjustment: collecting dynamic data of air foam flooding production, analyzing the dynamic data of production and the air foam flooding effect, and comparing the dynamic data with an expected value.
A foaming agent for the air foam flooding method comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.43% of anionic surfactant, 0.35% of amphoteric surfactant and the balance of water; the anionic surfactant is fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, cellulose, phthalate sodium salt and methanol in a mass ratio of 0.5: 0.05: 0.2: 20 is prepared by mixing, stirring and drying; the amphoteric surfactant is dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, ethylenediamine and cyclohexane in a mass ratio of 2: 0.3: 0.02: 7 is prepared by mixing, heating, stirring and drying.
Example 2
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that: the water content near the production well at the beginning of injection is different, so the gas-liquid volume ratio, the injection speed and the injection amount are all required to be adjusted according to the different water content.
S2 pre-implant: performing advanced water injection at one end of a water injection well, and when the water content near a production well reaches 75%, starting to inject preposed air foam in a ground foaming mode, wherein the air and foam liquid are mixed for 15min on the ground, the injection mode is gas-liquid co-injection, and the gas-liquid volume ratio is 1.35: 1, the injection speed is 8L/min, the injection amount is 1PV, the nitrogen content of the production well is monitored in real time, when the mass content of the nitrogen is 15-30%, the injection speed is reduced to the minimum value of a preset value, when the mass content of the nitrogen is 30-50%, the injection speed is reduced to 3.5L/min, when the mass content of the nitrogen is more than 50%, the well is closed, the injection is suspended, and the injection is resumed until the nitrogen content is reduced to less than 10%;
s3 slug injection: slug injection is carried out at water injection well one end, divide into 3 groups totally, wherein, slug combination 1 is that 0.06PV air foam drives and 0.04PV water drive repeats 2 times, and the gas injection speed that air foam driven air is 2.8L/min, and the liquid injection speed that air foam driven foamer mixed liquid is 6.7L/min, and the gas-liquid volume ratio that air foam driven is 1: 1, the injection mode of air foam flooding is gas-liquid alternate injection, the water flooding water injection speed is 12L/min, the slug combination 2 is that 0.03PV air foam flooding and 0.03PV water flooding are repeated 6 times, the air injection speed of air foam flooding is 3.1L/min, the liquid injection speed of air foam flooding foaming agent mixed liquid is 7.9L/min, and the gas-liquid volume ratio of air foam flooding is 1.05: 1, the injection mode that air foam was driven is gas-liquid and injects in turn, and the water flooding's water injection speed is 13L/min, and slug combination 3 is that 0.05PV three-phase mixed foam drives and 0.05PV water drives and repeats 4 times, and the gas-liquid-solid volume ratio that three-phase mixed foam drives is 1.2: 1: 0.05, the foaming mode of the three-phase mixed foam is bottom hole foaming, the injection mode of the three-phase mixed foam flooding is gas-liquid-solid co-injection, the gas injection speed is 3.5L/min, the liquid injection speed is 13.5L/min, the solid phase is dispersed in the liquid phase, and the solid phase comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 22Powder: polymer gel microspheres: fly ash equal to 3: 0.6: 1: 2, gas injection is continued after liquid injection is finished, and the gas injection amount is correspondingly adjusted according to the actual production condition; monitoring the nitrogen content of the production well in real time, and for the slug combinations 1 and 2, reducing the gas injection speed to the minimum value of a preset value when the mass content of the nitrogen is 10-15%, and reducing the gas injection speed to 1.2L/min and the liquid injection speed to the minimum value of the preset value when the mass content of the nitrogen is 15-25%; when the mass content of nitrogen is 25-40%, suspending air foam flooding, if the nitrogen is in a water flooding state, reducing the water injection speed to the minimum value of a preset value, closing the well after the water flooding is finished at the current stage, and resuming the injection until the nitrogen content is reduced to below 10%, and when the mass content of the nitrogen is above 40% and the nitrogen rises along with the reading of a manometer and is obviously abnormal, immediately closing the well until the nitrogen content is reduced to below 10%;
s4 post injection: carrying out post water injection at one end of a water injection well, and adding a polymer with the mass concentration of 1000mg/L as a foam stabilizer in the post water injection; the polymer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: polyacrylamide: soluble starch equal to 5: 1: 2.5;
and S5 parameter adjustment: collecting dynamic data of air foam flooding production, analyzing the dynamic data of production and the air foam flooding effect, and comparing the dynamic data with an expected value.
Example 3
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that: the water content near the production well at the beginning of injection is different, so the gas-liquid volume ratio, the injection speed and the injection amount are all required to be adjusted according to the different water content.
S2 pre-implant: advance water injection is carried out at one end of the water injection well, when the water content near the production well reaches 80%, front air foam begins to be injected, the foaming mode of the front air foam is ground foaming, the mixing time of air and foam liquid on the ground is 20min, the injection mode is gas-liquid co-injection, and the gas-liquid volume ratio is 1.45: 1, the injection speed is 9L/min, the injection amount is 1.2PV, the nitrogen content of the production well is monitored in real time, when the mass content of the nitrogen is 15-30%, the injection speed is reduced to the minimum value of a preset value, when the mass content of the nitrogen is 30-50%, the injection speed is reduced to 4L/min, when the mass content of the nitrogen is more than 50%, the well is closed, the injection is suspended, and the injection is resumed until the nitrogen content is reduced to less than 10%;
s3 slug injection: slug injection is carried out at water injection well one end, divide into 3 groups totally, wherein, slug combination 1 is that 0.06PV air foam drives and 0.04PV water drive repeats 2 times, and the gas injection speed that air foam driven air is 3L/min, and the liquid injection speed that air foam driven foamer mixed liquid is 7L/min, and the gas-liquid volume ratio that air foam driven is 1: 1, the injection mode of air foam flooding is gas-liquid alternate injection, the water flooding water injection speed is 13L/min, the slug combination 2 is that 0.03PV air foam flooding and 0.03PV water flooding are repeated 6 times, the air injection speed of air foam flooding is 3.5L/min, the liquid injection speed of air foam flooding foaming agent mixed liquid is 8.6L/min, and the gas-liquid volume ratio of air foam flooding is 1.1: 1, the injection mode of the air foam flooding is gas-liquid alternate injection, the water injection speed of the water flooding is 13.5L/min, and the slug combination 3 is 0.05PV three-phase mixed foam flooding and 0.05PV water flooding weightRepeating for 4 times, wherein the gas-liquid-solid volume ratio of the three-phase mixed foam flooding is 1.3: 1: 0.05, the foaming mode of the three-phase mixed foam is bottom hole foaming, the injection mode of the three-phase mixed foam flooding is gas-liquid-solid co-injection, the gas injection speed is 4L/min, the liquid injection speed is 15L/min, the solid phase is dispersed in the liquid phase, and the solid phase comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 22Powder: polymer gel microspheres: fly ash equal to 3: 0.6: 1: 2, gas injection is continued after the liquid injection is finished, the gas injection amount is correspondingly adjusted according to the actual production condition, monitoring the nitrogen content of the production well in real time, reducing the gas injection speed to the minimum value of a preset value when the mass content of the nitrogen is 10-15% for the slug combinations 1 and 2, when the mass content of the nitrogen is 15-25%, reducing the gas injection speed to 1.1L/min, reducing the liquid injection speed to the minimum value of a preset value, when the mass content of the nitrogen is 25-40%, suspending air foam flooding, if the nitrogen is in a water flooding state, reducing the water injection speed to the minimum value of a preset value, closing the well after the water flooding is finished at the current stage, and resuming the injection until the nitrogen content is reduced to below 10%, when the mass content of the nitrogen is more than 40% and the reading of the manometer obviously rises abnormally, immediately closing the well until the nitrogen content is reduced to be less than 10%, and recovering injection;
s4 post injection: carrying out post water injection at one end of a water injection well, adding a polymer with the mass concentration of 1000mg/L as a foam stabilizer into the post water injection, wherein the polymer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: polyacrylamide: soluble starch equal to 5: 1: 3;
and S5 parameter adjustment: collecting dynamic data of air foam flooding production, analyzing the dynamic data of production and the air foam flooding effect, and comparing the dynamic data with an expected value.
Example 4
This example is essentially the same as example 1, except that the blowing agent has a different composition:
a foaming agent for the air foam flooding method comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.45% of anionic surfactant, 0.32% of amphoteric surfactant and the balance of water.
Example 5
This example is essentially the same as example 1, except that the blowing agent has a different composition:
a foaming agent for the air foam flooding method comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.46% of anionic surfactant, 0.34% of amphoteric surfactant and the balance of water.
Example 6
This example is substantially the same as example 1 except that the composition of the anionic surfactant is different:
the anionic surfactant is fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, cellulose, phthalate sodium salt and methanol in a mass ratio of 2.5: 0.1: 0.4: 23 is prepared by mixing, stirring and drying.
Example 7
This example is substantially the same as example 1 except that the composition of the anionic surfactant is different:
the anionic surfactant is fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, cellulose, phthalate sodium salt and methanol in a mass ratio of 5: 0.05: 1: 30 is prepared by mixing, stirring and drying.
Example 8
This example is essentially the same as example 1, except that the amphoteric surfactant has a different composition:
the amphoteric surfactant is dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, ethylenediamine and cyclohexane in a mass ratio of 3: 0.8: 0.02: 9 is prepared by mixing, heating, stirring and drying.
Example 9
This example is essentially the same as example 1, except that the amphoteric surfactant has a different composition:
the amphoteric surfactant is dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, ethylenediamine and cyclohexane in a mass ratio of 5: 0.5: 0.02: 10 is prepared by mixing, heating, stirring and drying.
Examples of the experiments
The air foam flooding method of examples 1-3 and the conventional air foam flooding method were used in 10 groups of water injection production wells, and the data obtained in the parameter adjustment of step S5 were collected and analyzed and compared, and the results are shown in table 1:
table 1 air foam flooding parameters in examples 1-3
| Examples | Average water content | Average nitrogen content | Average daily oil production gain | Average recovery ratio enhancement |
| Example 1 | 55% | 11.5% | 5.8t | 5.5% |
| Example 2 | 59% | 10.3% | 7.5t | 7.0% |
| Example 3 | 56% | 12% | 11.1t | 6.2% |
| Conventional methods | 61% | 15.8% | 4.2t | 4.3% |
As can be seen from Table 1, the air foam flooding method in examples 1 to 3 has a significantly reduced water content, an increased daily oil yield increase and a reduced average nitrogen content as compared with the conventional air foam flooding method, which indicates that the air foam flooding method of the present invention has a greater improvement in the yield increase and a great help in the improvement of gas channeling as compared with the conventional air foam flooding method; the method in the embodiment 1 is adopted, the average water content of a single well is the lowest, which is related to the low water content at the beginning of injection, the water content reduction in the embodiment 3 is the most, which is 24%, and the average daily oil yield increment is also the largest, which shows that the air foam flooding method in the embodiment 3 has the optimal yield increasing effect, and has a certain relation with the large injection amount and the high injection speed; however, in example 3, the average nitrogen content is higher, the recovery efficiency is improved low, the yield is decreased rapidly, as shown in fig. 1, and in the actual production process, two production wells have nitrogen content higher than 50%, so that the wells are forced to be closed and the pressure is reduced, which indicates that the risk of gas channeling exists, but the overall control on the gas channeling is better, while in example 2, the average nitrogen content is the lowest, and the yield is also better. The air foam flooding method of example 2 was chosen most reasonably for the combination of comparative yield increase and safety.
The blowing agents of examples 1, 4-9 and conventional blowing agents were evaluated and compared for their performance by measuring the half-life of the foam produced by the blowing agent using a Roche foam tester, and the results are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 examples 1, 4-9 blowing agent Properties
| Examples | Bubble volume/mL | Foam half life/min |
| Example 1 | 520 | 39 |
| Example 4 | 498 | 51 |
| Example 5 | 555 | 66 |
| Example 6 | 684 | 97 |
| Example 7 | 612 | 113 |
| Example 8 | 652 | 120 |
| Example 9 | 581 | 137 |
| Conventional blowing agents | 369 | 14 |
As can be seen from the table above, compared with the conventional foaming agent, the foaming agent of the invention has the advantages that the foam volume and the foam half-life period are improved; among them, example 5 performed better than examples 1 and 4, probably because of its greater ratio of anionic surfactant to amphoteric surfactant; example 6 has more bubble volume and short foam half-life time compared with examples 1 and 7, so it can be known that the bubble volume can be increased but not too much by properly increasing the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether in the anionic surfactant, and the foam half-life time of the mixture in example 7 is longer; in example 8, the foaming agent of example 8 was selected to have the optimum ratio of foaming agent to air bubble volume, since the foaming half-life was shorter than that of examples 1 and 9, it was found that the foaming agent of example 8 was selected to have the optimum ratio of foaming agent to air bubble volume by appropriately increasing the content of dodecylhydroxypropylated betaine in the amphoteric surfactant.
Claims (10)
1. An air foam flooding method for reducing gas channeling in underground thickened oil exploitation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 preparation: collecting dynamic data of production in a work area, preparing sufficient water to ensure sufficient gas source, preparing sufficient foaming agent, and putting a gas pressure sensor and a nitrogen detector into a casing of a production well;
s2 pre-implant: performing advanced water injection at one end of a water injection well, and when the water content near a production well reaches 70-80%, beginning to inject pre-air foam, wherein the injection mode is gas-liquid co-injection, and the gas-liquid volume ratio is 1.25-1.45: 1, the injection speed is 7.5-9L/min, and the injection amount is 0.6-1.2 PV;
s3 slug injection: slug injection is carried out at water injection well one end, divide into 3 groups totally, wherein, slug combination 1 is that 0.06PV air foam drives and 0.04PV water drive repeats 2 times, and the gas-liquid volume ratio that air foam driven is 1: 1, the air foam flooding injection mode is air-liquid alternate injection, the slug combination 2 is 0.03PV air foam flooding and 0.03PV water flooding repeated for 6 times, and the air-liquid volume ratio of the air foam flooding is 1-1.1: 1, the injection mode of the air foam flooding is gas-liquid alternate injection, the slug combination 3 is 0.05PV three-phase mixed foam flooding and 0.05PV water flooding repeated for 4 times, and the gas-liquid-solid volume ratio of the three-phase mixed foam flooding is 1.1-1.3: 1: 0.05, the injection mode of the three-phase mixed foam flooding is gas-liquid-solid co-injection, the gas injection speed is 3.2-4L/min, the liquid injection speed is 12.5-15L/min, the solid phase is dispersed in the liquid phase, the gas injection is continued after the liquid injection is finished, and the gas injection quantity is correspondingly adjusted according to the actual production condition;
s4 post injection: carrying out post water injection at one end of a water injection well, and adding a polymer with the mass concentration of 1000mg/L as a foam stabilizer in the post water injection;
and S5 parameter adjustment: collecting dynamic data of air foam flooding production, analyzing the dynamic data of production and the air foam flooding effect, and comparing the dynamic data with an expected value.
2. The air foam flooding method for reducing gas channeling for underground heavy oil recovery according to claim 1, wherein the foaming manner of the pre-air foam in the pre-injection of step S2 is surface foaming, the mixing time of air and foam liquid at the surface is 15-20min, and the foaming manner of the three-phase mixed foam in the slug injection of step S3 is bottom hole foaming.
3. The air foam flooding method for reducing gas channeling for underground heavy oil recovery according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen content of the production well is monitored in real time in the pre-injection of step S2, and when the mass content of nitrogen is 15-30%, the injection speed is reduced to the minimum value of the preset value; when the mass content of the nitrogen is 30-50%, reducing the injection speed to 3-4L/min; and when the mass content of the nitrogen is more than 50%, closing the well and suspending injection until the nitrogen content is reduced to be less than 10%, and resuming injection.
4. The air foam flooding method for reducing air channeling for underground thickened oil recovery according to claim 1, wherein the gas injection speed of air foam flooding air in slug injection middle slug combination 1 of step S3 is 2.5 to 3L/min, the liquid injection speed of air foam flooding foaming agent mixed liquid is 6.5 to 7L/min, the water flooding water injection speed is 11.5 to 13L/min, the gas injection speed of air foam flooding air in slug combination 2 is 2.8 to 3.5L/min, the liquid injection speed of air foam flooding foaming agent mixed liquid is 7.2 to 8.6L/min, and the water flooding water injection speed is 12.5 to 13.5L/min.
5. The air foam flooding method for reducing gas channeling for underground heavy oil recovery according to claim 4, wherein the nitrogen content of the production well is monitored in real time during the slug injection in the step S3, and for the slug combination 1 and 2, when the mass content of the nitrogen is 10-15%, the gas injection speed is reduced to the minimum value of the preset value; when the mass content of the nitrogen is 15-25%, reducing the gas injection speed to 1-1.2L/min, and reducing the liquid injection speed to the minimum value of a preset value; when the mass content of the nitrogen is 25-40%, suspending air foam flooding, if the nitrogen is in a water flooding state, reducing the water injection speed to the minimum value of a preset value, closing the well after the water flooding is finished at the current stage, and resuming the injection until the nitrogen content is reduced to below 10%; when the mass content of the nitrogen is more than 40% and the obvious abnormality is caused along with the increase of the reading of the pressure gauge, the well is immediately shut down until the nitrogen content is reduced to be less than 10%, and the injection is resumed.
6. The air foam flooding method for reducing gas channeling for underground heavy oil recovery according to claim 1, wherein the solid phase component and mass ratio of the three-phase mixed foam flooding in the slug injection of step S3 are bentonite: SiO 22Powder: polymer gel microspheres: fly ash equal to 3: 0.6: 1: 2.
7. the method for air foam flooding with reduced gas channeling for heavy oil recovery in the well according to claim 1, wherein the polymer component and mass ratio in the post injection of step S4 is succinamate: polyacrylamide: soluble starch equal to 5: 1: 2-3.
8. The air foam flooding foaming agent for reducing gas channeling is used for underground heavy oil exploitation and is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 0.43-0.46% of anionic surfactant, 0.32-0.35% of amphoteric surfactant and the balance of water.
9. The air foam flooding and foaming agent for reducing gas channeling for underground thickened oil recovery as claimed in claim 8, wherein the anionic surfactant is fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, cellulose, sodium phthalate, and methanol in a mass ratio of 0.5-5: 0.05-0.1: 0.2-1: 20-30, mixing, stirring and drying.
10. The air foam flooding and foaming agent for reducing gas channeling for underground heavy oil recovery as claimed in claim 8, wherein the amphoteric surfactant is dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, ethylenediamine, cyclohexane in a mass ratio of 2-5: 0.3-0.8: 0.02: 7-10 are prepared by mixing, heating, stirring and drying.
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| CN112796717B (en) | 2021-07-09 |
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Denomination of invention: Air foam flooding method for reducing gas channeling and its foaming agent are adopted for downhole heavy oil development Effective date of registration: 20230922 Granted publication date: 20210709 Pledgee: Pudong Development Bank of Shanghai Limited by Share Ltd. Xi'an branch Pledgor: XI'AN PETROLEUM GREAT PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023980058261 |