CN112795818A - High-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy manufactured by laser additive manufacturing and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy manufactured by laser additive manufacturing and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical group O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
- C22C1/0416—Aluminium-based alloys
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
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- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy manufactured by laser additive manufacturing and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: heating and melting an aluminum ingot into aluminum liquid; adding required elements into the molten aluminum to form alloy liquid, wherein the alloy liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.00-10.00 percent of Ce, 0.05-2.00 percent of Mg, 0.10-0.50 percent of Zr, 0.10-7.50 percent of Y, 0.05-0.50 percent of Fe, 0.10-2.00 percent of Si and the balance of aluminum; leading out the alloy liquid by using a guide pipe, impacting the alloy liquid by using air flow to form particles and solidifying the particles into spherical alloy powder; and (3) rapidly melting, solidifying and forming the spherical alloy powder by selective laser melting to obtain the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy. The high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy has a nano-scale eutectic three-dimensional reticular skeleton structure, is high in density, has excellent room-temperature and high-temperature mechanical properties, and is low in density.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat-resistant aluminum alloy materials, in particular to a high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy manufactured by laser additive manufacturing and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The heat-resistant aluminum alloy has the advantages of high specific strength, low density, good oxidation resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the industries of aerospace, automobiles, ships, weapons and the like. However, the high temperature performance of the existing heat-resistant aluminum alloy is close to the limit state, and after the working temperature exceeds 200 ℃, the mechanical property of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy is obviously reduced, so that the requirement on the use temperature is difficult to meet and greater potential safety hazard is caused. Therefore, the development of the novel heat-resistant aluminum alloy with excellent room temperature performance, better oxidation resistance and fatigue resistance, and good heat resistance and high-temperature stability has important significance in the fields of aerospace and weight-sensitive application.
Through search, Chinese patent with application number 201811093773.3 discloses aluminum alloy powder for 3D printing and a preparation method thereof, the disclosed powder only aims at a powder bed selective laser sintering process, and the applicable manufacturing process is single; the powder component contains Mn element, which can reduce the conductivity of the alloy; the alloy disclosed in this patent has a tensile strength of 450MP at room temperature, but does not disclose its high temperature properties. Another chinese patent with application number 201910925249.6 discloses a high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, and the disclosed aluminum alloy has high strength, good toughness and excellent corrosion resistance. But the preparation of the alloy needs procedures of homogenization treatment, hot rolling, annealing, cold rolling, deep cooling deformation and the like, the period is long, the treatment process is complex and is not easy to control; the alloy component contains Li, so that the smelting requirement is high, and the Yb, Sc and Ag elements are expensive, so that the production cost is increased, and in addition, the density of the elements is high, and the composite addition is not beneficial to light weight development; the patent does not disclose the high temperature performance of the alloy, and has no reference and guiding significance for the service range of more than 400 ℃. The Chinese patent with the application number of 202010356881.6 discloses an Al-RE-Y-Mg alloy and a preparation method thereof, and discloses a high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant die-casting/high-heat-conduction and corrosion-resistant Al-RE-Y-Mg alloy suitable for pressure/gravity casting, wherein the room temperature strength is lower than 260MPa, the high-temperature strength at 250 ℃ is lower than 150MPa, and the long-term high-temperature service is not facilitated; and the pressure/gravity casting method is adopted, so that the solidification speed is low, the defects of segregation, shrinkage porosity and the like are easily generated, the quality stability is poor, and the service performance is influenced.
The traditional processing technical means mainly improves the material strength by refining grains, adding a second phase or increasing dislocation, and the currently reported heat-resistant aluminum alloy is based on a precipitation strengthening mechanism, and the strengthening effect of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy is derived from a dispersion strengthening phase of an L12 structure formed after heat treatment, but the strengthening effect is not obvious due to the limitation of a grain size effect. For example, the mechanical property of Al-Si alloy is not high, and the cost is greatly improved by adding Sc and Zr in a compounding way, which is not beneficial to application and popularization. The aluminum matrix composite has excellent performances such as high strength, high modulus and the like, but the compactness is lower, the reinforcing phase is not uniformly dispersed, and the interface joint of the reinforcing phase and the aluminum matrix often has certain defects, so that microcracks are generated in the use process to cause failure. The Al-Zn high-strength aluminum alloy is easy to generate hot cracks in the solidification process, and the Al-Ni and Al-Cu alloys have high density and are not beneficial to the development of light weight. The later deformation and heat treatment can improve the strength of the material, but when the working temperature is increased, the crystal grains gradually grow and coarsen along with the increase of the temperature, and the strength of the material is sharply reduced. Moreover, the methods have long treatment period, high energy consumption and complex process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy manufactured by laser additive manufacturing and a preparation method thereof.
The invention provides a preparation method for manufacturing a high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy by laser additive manufacturing, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, heating and melting the aluminum ingot into aluminum liquid in an induction furnace under the protection of atmosphere, wherein the temperature is 730-780 ℃;
s2, adding required elements into the molten aluminum to form alloy liquid, and enabling the alloy liquid to reach preset components containing the following elements in percentage by mass: 1.00-10.00 percent of Ce, 0.05-2.00 percent of Mg, 0.10-0.50 percent of Zr, 0.10-7.50 percent of Y, 0.05-0.50 percent of Fe, 0.10-2.00 percent of Si, less than 0.1 percent of other impurities and the balance of aluminum;
s3, leading out the alloy liquid by using a flow guide pipe, and impacting the alloy liquid by using high-pressure argon gas flow at the outlet of the flow guide pipe to enable the alloy liquid to form fine particles and solidify the fine particles into spherical alloy powder;
s4, rapidly melting, solidifying and forming the spherical alloy powder by using a selective laser melting forming method to obtain the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy material with the nano-scale eutectic three-dimensional network framework structure.
Preferably, in step S2, the required elements are added to the molten aluminum to form an alloy liquid, so that the alloy liquid reaches a preset composition containing the following elements in percentage by mass: 6.00 to 8.00 percent of Ce, 0.40 to 1.00 percent of Mg, 0.10 to 0.25 percent of Zr, 5.00 to 7.50 percent of Y, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Fe, 0.10 to 0.50 percent of Si, less than 0.1 percent of other impurities and the balance of aluminum.
Preferably, in step S4, the spherical alloy powder is rapidly melted, solidified and formed by a selective laser melting forming method; the selective laser melting forming method adopts the following process parameters: the laser power is 300W-400W, the spot diameter is 70 μm-100 μm, the scanning speed is 1000 mm/s-1800 mm/s, the scanning interval is 90 μm-130 μm, and the layer thickness is 10 μm-70 μm. Within the process parameters, the formation of a nano-scale eutectic three-dimensional reticular skeleton structure is facilitated, and the compactness is high.
Preferably, in step S3, the alloy liquid is discharged through a flow guide tube, and the alloy liquid is impacted with a high-pressure gas flow at an outlet of the flow guide tube; wherein, the alloy liquid at the outlet of the flow guide pipe is impacted by adopting high-pressure argon or high-pressure nitrogen airflow with the air pressure of 6MPa to 8 MPa.
Preferably, the S3, wherein the spherical alloy powder has a particle size of 10 to 75 μm.
Preferably, in S3, the material of the flow guide pipe is zirconia, silicon nitride, or titanium nitride; the diameter of the flow guide pipe is 2 mm-6 mm.
The invention provides a high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy manufactured by laser additive manufacturing, and the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy manufactured by the laser additive manufacturing method is obtained by the laser additive manufacturing method.
Preferably, the density of the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy material is more than 99.8 percent, and the density is 2.70g/cm3～2.85g/cm3。
Preferably, the room-temperature yield strength of the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy material is 250MPa to 300MPa, the tensile strength is 375MPa to 435MPa, and the elongation is 6 percent to 10 percent.
Preferably, the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy material has the yield strength of 100 MPa-160 MPa, the tensile strength of 200 MPa-260 MPa and the elongation of 8% -12% at the temperature of more than 400 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
the method integrates the solidification process and the processing and forming process of the material, has high cooling speed, forms a eutectic three-dimensional reticular skeleton structure microstructure with nanoscale, coats an aluminum matrix, and has good high-temperature stability; the material breaks through the scale effect of the traditional solidification structure, has obvious strengthening effect, has the characteristics of high strength, high toughness, high heat resistance and low density, can meet the use requirements of different working conditions, and solves the problems of low strength and poor high-temperature stability of the existing heat-resistant aluminum alloy.
According to the method, laser is selected as an energy source, the effect of metallurgical bonding is achieved by scanning metal powder and rapidly melting and solidifying, and finally the metal part with compact structure and good mechanical property designed by the model is obtained; greatly shortens the processing period, improves the production efficiency and simplifies the process flow.
The method can customize the parts with complex shapes, breaks through the limitation of the shapes of the parts in the traditional technology, and has high dimensional precision; and the structure can be topologically optimized at any time according to the requirement, so that the structural complexity, the individual customization and the light weight of material processing are realized.
The alloy material has great development prospect in the fields of weight-sensitive application and aerospace.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a microstructure diagram of a high strength heat resistant rare earth aluminum alloy manufactured by laser additive manufacturing according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method for manufacturing a high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy by laser additive manufacturing, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, under the protection of high-purity argon, heating and melting the aluminum ingot into aluminum liquid in an induction furnace at the temperature of 730 ℃.
S2, adding required alloy elements into the molten aluminum, adjusting the proportion of the elements to be 8.00 percent of Ce, 0.40 percent of Mg, 0.10 percent of Zr, 0.10 percent of Y, 0.50 percent of Fe and 0.10 percent of Si by using intermediate alloy, degassing and deslagging to reach preset components, and forming the alloy liquid.
S3, leading out the alloy liquid by using a zirconia flow guide pipe with the diameter of 2mm, and impacting the alloy liquid by using high-pressure argon gas flow with the air pressure of 6MPa at the outlet of the zirconia flow guide pipe to enable the alloy liquid to form fine particles and solidify the fine particles into spherical alloy powder; the spherical alloy powder had an average powder particle size of 45 μm.
S4, utilizing a selective laser melting forming method, wherein the following process parameters are adopted: the laser power is 300W, the spot diameter is 70 μm, the scanning speed is 1000mm/s, the scanning interval is 100 μm, the layer thickness is 30 μm, the spherical alloy powder is rapidly melted, solidified and formed to obtain the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy material, as shown in figure 1, the structure of the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy material is shown to have a nano-scale eutectic three-dimensional network skeleton structure; the density is more than 99.8 percent and the density is 2.797g/cm3. The test shows that the yield strength at room temperature is 270MPa, the tensile strength is 389MPa, and the elongation is 8%.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method for manufacturing a high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy by laser additive manufacturing, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, under the protection of high-purity argon, heating and melting the aluminum ingot into aluminum liquid in an induction furnace at the temperature of 750 ℃.
S2, adding required alloy elements into the molten aluminum, adjusting the proportion of the elements to be 10.00 percent of Ce, 0.60 percent of Mg, 0.20 percent of Zr, 1.00 percent of Y, 0.50 percent of Fe and 0.10 percent of Si by using intermediate alloy, degassing and deslagging to reach preset components, and forming the alloy liquid.
S3, leading out the alloy liquid by using a silicon nitride flow guide pipe with the diameter of 2mm, and impacting the alloy liquid by using high-pressure argon gas flow with the air pressure of 6MPa at the outlet of the silicon nitride flow guide pipe to enable the alloy liquid to form fine particles and solidify the fine particles into spherical alloy powder; the spherical alloy powder had an average powder particle size of 40 μm.
S4, utilizing a selective laser melting forming method, wherein the following process parameters are adopted: the laser power is 330W, the spot diameter is 70 μm, the scanning speed is 1200mm/s, the scanning interval is 110 μm, the layer thickness is 30 μm, the spherical alloy powder is rapidly melted, solidified and formed, and the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy material is obtained, and the structure of the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy material has a nano-scale eutectic three-dimensional reticular framework structure; the density is more than 99.8 percent and is 2.83g/cm3. The test shows that the yield strength at room temperature is 280MPa, the tensile strength is 400MPa, and the elongation is 7.5%. At a temperature of above 400 ℃, the yield strength is 152MPa, the tensile strength is 258MPa, and the elongation is 12%.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method for manufacturing a high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy by laser additive manufacturing, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, under the protection of high-purity nitrogen, heating and melting the aluminum ingot into aluminum liquid in an induction furnace at the temperature of 750 ℃.
S2, adding required alloy elements into the molten aluminum, and adjusting the proportion of the elements by using intermediate alloy: 6.00 percent of Ce, 0.60 percent of Mg, 0.20 percent of Zr, 2.00 percent of Y, 0.30 percent of Fe, 0.10 percent of Si and less than 0.1 percent of other impurities; degassing and deslagging to reach preset components to form alloy liquid.
S3, leading out the alloy liquid by using a zirconia flow guide pipe with the diameter of 2mm, and impacting the alloy liquid by using high-purity nitrogen gas flow with the air pressure of 6MPa at the outlet of the zirconia flow guide pipe to enable the alloy liquid to form fine particles and solidify the fine particles into spherical alloy powder; the spherical alloy powder had an average powder particle size of 40 μm.
S4, utilizing a selective laser melting forming method, wherein the following process parameters are adopted: the laser power is 330W, the spot diameter is 70 μm, the scanning speed is 1200mm/s, the scanning interval is 110 μm, the layer thickness is 30 μm, and the spheres are combinedThe gold powder is rapidly melted, solidified and formed to obtain the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy material, and the structure of the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy material has a nano-scale eutectic three-dimensional reticular framework structure; the density is more than 99.8 percent and is 2.81g/cm3. The test shows that the yield strength at room temperature is 280MPa, the tensile strength is 400MPa, and the elongation is 7.5%. At a temperature of 400 ℃ or above, the yield strength is 158MPa, the tensile strength is 253MPa, and the elongation is 12%.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method for manufacturing a high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy by laser additive manufacturing, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, under the protection of high-purity argon, heating and melting the aluminum ingot in an induction furnace to form aluminum liquid at the temperature of 780 ℃.
S2, adding required alloy elements into the molten aluminum, and adjusting the proportion of the elements by using intermediate alloy: 5.00 percent of Ce, 0.40 percent of Mg, 0.10 percent of Zr, 5.00 percent of Y, 0.50 percent of Fe, 0.10 percent of Si and less than 0.1 percent of other impurities; degassing and deslagging to reach preset components to form alloy liquid.
S3, leading out the alloy liquid by using a titanium nitride guide pipe with the diameter of 4mm, and impacting the alloy liquid by using high-pressure argon gas flow with the air pressure of 8MPa at the outlet of the titanium nitride guide pipe to enable the alloy liquid to form fine particles and solidify the fine particles into spherical alloy powder; the spherical alloy powder had an average powder particle size of 50 μm.
S4, utilizing a selective laser melting forming method, wherein the following process parameters are adopted: the laser power is 350W, the spot diameter is 100 mu m, the scanning speed is 1100mm/s, the scanning interval is 100 mu m, the layer thickness is 40 mu m, the spherical alloy powder is rapidly melted, solidified and formed to obtain the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy material, the structure of the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy material has a nano-scale eutectic three-dimensional reticular framework structure, the density is more than 99.8 percent, and the density is 2.78g/cm3. The test shows that the yield strength at room temperature is 280MPa, the tensile strength is 395MPa, and the elongation is 8%. Above 400 ℃, the yield strength is 148MPa, the tensile strength is 260MPa, and the elongation is 10%.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a preparation method for manufacturing a high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy by laser additive manufacturing, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, under the protection of high-purity argon, heating and melting the aluminum ingot in an induction furnace to form aluminum liquid at the temperature of 780 ℃.
S2, adding required alloy elements into the molten aluminum, and adjusting the proportion of the elements by using intermediate alloy: 2.00 percent of Ce, 0.60 percent of Mg, 0.10 percent of Zr, 6.00 percent of Y, 0.20 percent of Fe, 0.10 percent of Si and less than 0.1 percent of other impurities; degassing and deslagging to reach preset components to form alloy liquid.
S3, leading out the alloy liquid by using a zirconia flow guide pipe with the diameter of 6mm, and impacting the alloy liquid by using high-pressure argon gas flow with the air pressure of 8MPa at the outlet of the zirconia flow guide pipe to enable the alloy liquid to form fine particles and solidify the fine particles into spherical alloy powder; the spherical alloy powder had an average powder particle size of 48 μm.
S4, utilizing a selective laser melting forming method, wherein the following process parameters are adopted: the laser power is 370W, the spot diameter is 70 μm, the scanning speed is 1400mm/s, the scanning distance is 110 μm, the layer thickness is 20 μm, the spherical alloy powder is rapidly melted, solidified and formed to obtain the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy material, the structure of the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy material has a nano-scale eutectic three-dimensional network skeleton structure, the density is more than 99.8%, and the density is 2.79g/cm3. The test shows that the yield strength at room temperature is 260MPa, the tensile strength is 425MPa, and the elongation is 8%. At the temperature of above 400 ℃, the yield strength is 160MPa, the tensile strength is 255MPa, and the elongation is 10%.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a preparation method for manufacturing a high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy by laser additive manufacturing, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, under the protection of high-purity argon, heating and melting the aluminum ingot in an induction furnace to form aluminum liquid at the temperature of 780 ℃.
S2, adding required alloy elements into the molten aluminum, and adjusting the proportion of the elements by using intermediate alloy: 10.00 percent of Ce, 2.00 percent of Mg, 0.50 percent of Zr, 7.50 percent of Y, 0.15 percent of Fe, 2.00 percent of Si and less than 0.1 percent of other impurities; degassing and deslagging to reach preset components to form alloy liquid.
S3, leading out the alloy liquid by using a zirconia flow guide pipe with the diameter of 4mm, and impacting the alloy liquid by using high-pressure argon gas flow with the air pressure of 8MPa at the outlet of the zirconia flow guide pipe to enable the alloy liquid to form fine particles and solidify the fine particles into spherical alloy powder; the spherical alloy powder had an average powder particle size of 50 μm.
S4, utilizing a selective laser melting forming method, wherein the following process parameters are adopted: the laser power is 350W, the spot diameter is 70 mu m, the scanning speed is 1400mm/s, the scanning interval is 100 mu m, the layer thickness is 30 mu m, the spherical alloy powder is rapidly melted, solidified and formed to obtain the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy material, the structure of the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy material has a nano-scale eutectic three-dimensional reticular framework structure, the density is more than 99.9 percent, and the density is 2.799g/cm3. The test shows that the yield strength at room temperature is 290MPa, the tensile strength is 430MPa, and the elongation is 9.6%. At a temperature of above 400 ℃, the yield strength is 160MPa, the tensile strength is 260MPa, and the elongation is 11%.
In the embodiment, the strength and the high-temperature stability of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy are improved by improving the preparation process, the solidification process and the processing forming of the material are integrated, the process flow is simplified, and the production period is shortened; solves the problems of low strength, poor high-temperature stability, long production period and complex treatment process of the existing heat-resistant aluminum alloy.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method for manufacturing high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy by laser additive manufacturing is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, heating and melting the aluminum ingot into aluminum liquid under the protection of atmosphere, wherein the temperature is 730-780 ℃;
s2, adding required elements into the molten aluminum to form alloy liquid, and enabling the alloy liquid to reach preset components containing the following elements in percentage by mass: 1.00-10.00 percent of Ce, 0.05-2.00 percent of Mg, 0.10-0.50 percent of Zr, 0.10-7.50 percent of Y, 0.05-0.50 percent of Fe, 0.10-2.00 percent of Si, less than 0.1 percent of other impurities and the balance of aluminum;
s3, leading out the alloy liquid by using a flow guide pipe, and impacting the alloy liquid by using high-pressure airflow at an outlet of the flow guide pipe to enable the alloy liquid to form fine particles and solidify the fine particles into spherical alloy powder;
s4, rapidly melting, solidifying and forming the spherical alloy powder by using a selective laser melting forming method to obtain the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy material with the nano-scale eutectic three-dimensional network framework structure.
2. The preparation method of the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy through the laser additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein S2 is to add required elements into the molten aluminum to form an alloy liquid, so that the alloy liquid reaches a preset composition containing the following elements in percentage by mass: 6.00 to 8.00 percent of Ce, 0.40 to 1.00 percent of Mg, 0.10 to 0.25 percent of Zr, 5.00 to 7.50 percent of Y, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Fe, 0.10 to 0.50 percent of Si, less than 0.1 percent of other impurities and the balance of aluminum.
3. The method for preparing the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy through the laser additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein S4 is used for rapidly melting, solidifying and forming the spherical alloy powder through a selective laser melting forming method; the selective laser melting forming method adopts the following process parameters: the laser power is 300W-400W, the spot diameter is 70 μm-100 μm, the scanning speed is 1000 mm/s-1800 mm/s, the scanning interval is 90 μm-130 μm, and the layer thickness is 10 μm-70 μm.
4. The method for preparing the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy through the laser additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein S3 is characterized in that the alloy liquid is led out through a flow guide pipe, and the alloy liquid is impacted by high-pressure air flow at an outlet of the flow guide pipe; wherein, the alloy liquid at the outlet of the flow guide pipe is impacted by adopting high-pressure argon or high-pressure nitrogen airflow with the air pressure of 6MPa to 8 MPa.
5. The method for preparing high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy by laser additive manufacturing according to claim 4, wherein the S3 is that the particle size of the spherical alloy powder is 10-75 μm.
6. The method for preparing the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy through the laser additive manufacturing according to claim 4, wherein S3 is implemented, wherein the material of the flow guide pipe is zirconium oxide, silicon nitride or titanium nitride; the diameter of the flow guide pipe is 2 mm-6 mm.
7. The high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy manufactured by laser additive manufacturing is characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy manufactured by laser additive manufacturing according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The laser additive manufacturing high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy according to claim 7, wherein the density of the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy material is more than 99.8%, and the density is 2.70g/cm3～2.85g/cm3。
9. The laser additive manufacturing high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof according to claim 7, wherein the room-temperature yield strength of the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy material is 250-300 MPa, the tensile strength is 375-435 MPa, and the elongation is 6-10%.
10. The laser additive manufacturing high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof according to claim 7, wherein the high-strength heat-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy material has a yield strength of 100MPa to 160MPa, a tensile strength of 200MPa to 260MPa and an elongation of 8% to 12% at a temperature of 400 ℃ or higher.
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