CN112793452A - 牵引电池充电站 - Google Patents

牵引电池充电站 Download PDF

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CN112793452A
CN112793452A CN202011124486.1A CN202011124486A CN112793452A CN 112793452 A CN112793452 A CN 112793452A CN 202011124486 A CN202011124486 A CN 202011124486A CN 112793452 A CN112793452 A CN 112793452A
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K·黑雷
M·扬科维奇
C·罗根多夫
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/11—DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/305—Communication interfaces
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    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/40—Testing power supplies
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
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Abstract

用于给具有电动牵引马达的机动车辆的牵引电池进行直流电流充电的牵引电池充电站，具有：功率电压转换器，其在充电操作中将直流电压充电功率馈入到一对的两条充电线路中；充电控制器；具有两个测量电阻的绝缘监测器，这些测量电阻各自与一条充电线路连接并且能够各自藉由一个电阻开关与保护接地连接，其中，该绝缘监测器监测在该牵引电池非充电和充电时该充电线路对相对于保护接地的电绝缘。该绝缘监测器具有检查模式控制器，该检查模式控制器已经存储并且能够控制：不受限的非充电检查模式，在非充电检查模式中闭合一个电阻开关并且同时断开另一个电阻开关；以及对称的充电检查模式，在对称的充电检查模式中同时闭合或同时断开这两个电阻开关。

Description

牵引电池充电站
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于给机动车辆牵引电池进行直流电流充电的牵引电池充电站。
背景技术
牵引电池充电站具有功率电压转换器，该功率电压转换器在充电操作中提供充电直流电压，并且将该直流充电电压馈入到一对的两条直流充电线路中。该充电站具有充电控制器，该充电控制器监测、控制并且调节充电过程及其准备工作。出于安全原因，在牵引电池充电站中需要电绝缘监测装置，该电绝缘监测装置一方面电力监测充电线路之间的电绝缘或电阻，并且另一方面电力监测保护接地。这样的充电站例如从DE 10 2015 107 161A1和DE 10 2015 110 023 A1中是已知的。
充电站的典型的绝缘监测装置包括具有两个测量电阻或测量电路的绝缘监测器，这些测量电阻或测量电路各自与一条充电线路连接并且可以藉由电阻开关与保护接地连接。在电阻开关闭合时，例如可以藉由电阻桥(测量电阻是该电阻桥的一部分)非常准确地确定所涉及的充电线路的绝缘电阻。法律方面的安全规定要求既检测例如由绝缘材料的老化而造成的所谓的对称的绝缘故障，也检测由严重损坏而造成的所谓的非对称的绝缘故障。
可以藉由对称的检查模式来确定非对称的绝缘故障，在该对称的检查模式中，同时闭合两个电阻开关，因此可以独立地确定充电线路对的两条充电线路的绝缘电阻。然而在此不能确定对称的绝缘故障。由非对称的检查模式来确定对称的绝缘故障，在该非对称的检查模式中，分别仅交替式地闭合或断开电阻开关，即对这两条充电线路分别仅单独地测量其绝缘电阻。
典型地，既在实际的充电过程之前，也在充电过程期间持续地并且交替地在对称的检查模式和非对称的检查模式中检查这两条充电线路。然而，在充电操作中，非对称的检查模式限制充电站和所涉及的机动车辆的电鲁棒性。因此，在某些使用条件下可能导致故障，这些故障尤其可能干扰充电站与所连接的机动车辆之间的通信。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的在于，提供一种具有绝缘监测器的牵引电池充电站，藉由该绝缘监测器避免充电站与机动车辆之间的电力故障。
根据本发明，这个目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的牵引电池充电站并且通过根据权利要求4的用于控制根据权利要求1所述的充电站的绝缘监测器的方法实现。
根据本发明的牵引电池充电站被设置成用于给装备有电动牵引驱动器的机动车辆的牵引电池充电。该充电站具有功率电压转换器，该功率电压转换器在充电操作中将直流电压充电功率馈入到一对的两条直流电流充电线路中。这两条充电线路也被称为正充电线路和负充电线路，并且是闭合且未电接地的充电电流回路的一部分，该充电电流回路相对于保护接地电流隔离。
充电站具有绝缘监测器，该绝缘监测器具有两个欧姆测量电阻，这些欧姆测量电阻各自与一条充电线路连接并且以其另一侧可以各自藉由可切换的电阻开关与保护接地连接。在电阻开关闭合时，可以相对于所连接的充电线路例如藉由电阻桥来确定所涉及的充电线路相对于保护电接地的欧姆绝缘电阻。
根据本发明提出，绝缘监测器具有检查模式控制器，该检查模式控制器已经存储并且可以控制：非对称的非充电检查模式，在非对称的非充电检查模式中闭合一个电阻开关并且同时断开另一个电阻开关，或与之相反；以及对称的充电检查模式，在对称的充电检查模式中要么同时闭合这两个电阻开关，要么同时断开这两个电阻开关。由此确保在充电过程期间不启用非对称的检查模式。
绝缘监测器从充电站的另一个控制元件获悉是否启用充电过程，或机动车辆是否与充电站电连接。如果绝缘监测器得到关于充电过程启用的报告，或替代性地或补充地，得到关于机动车辆与充电站之间电连接的报告，则绝缘监测器切换到充电检查模式，在充电检查模式中仅能够进行或仅进行对称的绝缘测量。
在每次充电过程之前，藉由绝缘监测器不仅在非对称的检查模式中而且在对称的检查模式中强制地执行全面的绝缘检查。这例如可以通过所谓的总线移位法(Bus-Shifting-Verfahren)来实现。由此，测定这两条充电线路直至充电站的充电插头的绝缘状态。一旦开始充电过程，则检查模式控制器切换到充电检查模式，其中仅实施对称的检查模式。虽然在对称的检查模式中尤其不确定充电线路相对于保护接地的电绝缘的由老化引起的和系统性的劣化。然而，为此粗略的(例如每天的)检查原本就是完全足够的。因此，在充电过程期间省去非对称的检查模式对绝缘安全性监测不会产生明显的影响。
优选地，在由所述充电控制器向所述绝缘监测器报告的充电操作期间，所述检查模式控制器仅启用充电检查模式。
替代于此或补充于此，充电线路对所通入的在充电站侧的充电插头可以具有连接传感器，该连接传感器检测充电插头与车辆侧的充电插座的连接。检查模式控制器与连接传感器以提供信息的方式(informell)连接。检查模式控制器在由连接传感器报告连接时接通充电检查模式。由此确保，一旦充电站与所涉及的机动车辆电连接，则绝缘监测器仅在充电检查模式中工作。
根据本发明的用于控制牵引电池充电站的绝缘监测器的方法设置有以下方法步骤：
在输入充电操作期望时并且在该充电操作开始之前，接通非充电检查模式，因此使这两个电阻开关彼此互补地多次断开和闭合。一旦完成具有肯定结果的非充电检查模式，就可以开始实际的充电操作。一旦开始充电操作并且只要充电操作持续，则检查模式控制器就接通充电检查模式，其中要么始终同时闭合这两个电阻开关，要么始终同时断开这两个电阻开关。
绝缘监测器还可以被设计为使得该绝缘监测器定期执行自检，尤其在连接之前和在充电站侧的充电插头与车辆侧的充电插座的连接期间定期执行自检。
附图说明
以下借助于附图对本发明的实施例进行详细解释。在附图中：
图1示意性地示出了具有绝缘监测器和处于非充电检查模式中的集成的检查模式控制器的牵引电池充电站以及未连接的机动车辆，并且
图2示出了图1的具有已连接的机动车辆和处于充电检查模式中的检查模式控制器的布置方式。
具体实施方式
在图中各自示意性地展示了由牵引电池充电站10和具有牵引电池24的机动车辆20构成的布置方式，该机动车辆具有电动牵引马达。
充电站10具有功率电压转换器50，该功率电压转换器从公共电能网12馈以交流电压，并且该功率电压转换器具有电流隔离54。功率电压转换器50给一对的两条充电线路L1、L2馈以高电压-直流电流-充电功率。充电站10还具有电子充电控制器52，该电子充电控制器监测充电站10的所有过程，并且尤其监测并控制充电过程及其准备工作。这两条充电线路L1、L2通入充电站侧的充电插头21，该充电插头可以与相对应的车辆侧的充电插座22插接到一起，如在图2中所展示的。充电插头21具有连接传感器21'，该连接传感器检测充电插头21与充电插座22的连接。
当充电插头21与充电插座22插接到一起时，可以藉由这两条充电线路L1、L2给机动车辆20的牵引电池24充电。
充电站10还具有绝缘监测器30，这两条充电线路L1、L2引导穿过该绝缘监测器。在绝缘监测器30中，为每条充电线路L1、L2各自指配一个测量电阻36、36'和一个与测量电阻36、36'串联连接的电阻开关34、34'。在电阻开关34'闭合时，所涉及的充电线路L2藉由所涉及的测量电阻36'与保护接地38电连接。测量电阻36、36'可以被设计为电阻桥的一部分，测定该电阻桥的失调，以便以这种方式准确地确定所涉及的充电线路L1、L2相对于保护接地38的电绝缘电阻。
绝缘监测器30具有检查模式控制器32，该检查模式控制器与测量电阻36、36'、电阻开关34、34'、充电控制器52和连接传感器21'以电力或以提供信息的方式连接。检查模式控制器32尤其已存储了两种检查模式，即：非对称的非充电检查模式，在非对称的非充电检查模式中相应地闭合这两个电阻开关中的一个电阻开关34'并且断开另一个电阻开关34，或与之相反；以及对称的充电检查模式，在对称的充电检查模式中始终同时闭合或同时断开这两个电阻开关34、34'。
一旦充电控制器52登记了充电期望，则这也由检查模式控制器32登记，该检查模式控制器接着开始非充电检查模式，并且在此执行对这两条充电线路L1、L2的绝缘电阻的对称的检查和非对称的检查。检查模式控制器32尤其执行非对称的检查，在该非对称的检查中，这两个电阻开关34、34'根据所谓的总线移位法彼此互补地多次闭合和断开，如在图1中所展示的。由此，尤其检测这两条充电线路L1、L2的绝缘电阻的对称的缺陷或对称的改变。
一旦充电控制器52发出开始充电操作的信号，或连接传感器21'报告充电插头21与车辆侧的充电插座22机械连接和电连接，则检查模式控制器32切换到充电检查模式，在该充电检查模式中，对这两条充电线路L1、L2的绝缘电阻仅进行对称的检查，如在图2中所展示的。只要充电操作持续或充电站10与机动车辆20相互电连接，那么检查模式控制器32就不关断充电检查模式，因此在充电操作期间或在机动车辆20与充电站10之间进行信息交换期间不对充电线路L1、L2的绝缘电阻进行非对称的测量。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于给具有电动牵引马达的机动车辆(20)的牵引电池(24)进行直流电流充电的牵引电池充电站(10)，该牵引电池充电站具有：
功率电压转换器(50)，该功率电压转换器在充电操作中将直流电压充电功率馈入到一对的两条充电线路(L1，L2)中，
充电控制器(52)，以及
具有两个测量电阻(36，36')的绝缘监测器(30)，这些测量电阻各自与一条充电线路(L1，L2)连接并且能够各自藉由一个电阻开关(34，34')与保护接地(38)连接，其中，该绝缘监测器(30)监测在该牵引电池(24)非充电和充电时该充电线路对(L1，L2)相对于保护接地(38)的电绝缘，
其特征在于，
该绝缘监测器(30)具有检查模式控制器(32)，该检查模式控制器已经存储并且能够控制：不受限的非充电检查模式，在非充电检查模式中闭合一个电阻开关(34，34')并且同时断开另一个电阻开关(34'，34)；以及对称的充电检查模式，在对称的充电检查模式中同时闭合或同时断开这两个电阻开关(34，34')。
2.根据权利要求1所述的牵引电池充电站(10)，其中，在由所述充电控制器(52)向所述绝缘监测器(30)报告的充电操作期间，所述检查模式控制器(32)仅启用充电检查模式。
3.根据前述权利要求之一所述的牵引电池充电站(10)，其中，充电线路对(L1，L2)所通入的在充电站侧的充电插头(21)，该充电插头具有连接传感器(21')，该连接传感器检测该充电插头(21)与车辆侧的充电插座(22)的连接，其中所述检查模式控制器(32)在由连接传感器(21')报告连接时仅接通充电检查模式。
4.一种用于控制具有根据前述权利要求之一所述特征的牵引电池充电站(10)的绝缘监测器(30)的方法，该方法具有以下方法步骤：
在输入充电操作期望时并且在该充电操作开始之前：接通非充电检查模式，因此使电阻开关(34，34')彼此互补地断开和闭合，并且
在随后的充电操作期间：接通充电检查模式，因此使电阻开关(34，34')彼此同步地断开和闭合。
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