CN112792657A - Visual detection device and method for grinding casting - Google Patents
Visual detection device and method for grinding casting Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112792657A CN112792657A CN202110128960.6A CN202110128960A CN112792657A CN 112792657 A CN112792657 A CN 112792657A CN 202110128960 A CN202110128960 A CN 202110128960A CN 112792657 A CN112792657 A CN 112792657A
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- mounting
- casting
- industrial camera
- hole
- laser sensor
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001651 emery Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B9/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor
- B24B9/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground
- B24B9/04—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of metal, e.g. skate blades
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D31/00—Cutting-off surplus material, e.g. gates; Cleaning and working on castings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
- B24B27/0046—Column grinding machines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/02—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for performing a reciprocating movement of carriages or work- tables
- B24B47/06—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for performing a reciprocating movement of carriages or work- tables by liquid or gas pressure only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/12—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving optical means
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a visual detection device and a visual detection method for a grinding casting, and the visual detection device comprises a grinding device body and a visual detection assembly, wherein the visual detection assembly comprises an industrial camera and a line laser sensor matched with the industrial camera, and the industrial camera and the line laser sensor are both connected with an upper computer and fixedly arranged on the body; the lens axis of the industrial camera and the axis of the line laser sensor are on the same plane, and the included angle of the two axes is 45 degrees. The visual detection device and the visual detection method for the grinding casting, which are created by the invention, are used for carrying out visual detection on a standard casting and a casting to be processed by combining an industrial camera and a line laser, and can be used for carrying out intelligent grinding treatment on workpieces with different sizes and models by combining a processing program.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of casting grinding and cutting equipment control, and particularly relates to a visual detection device and method for a grinding casting.
Background
In the process of grinding the castings of the same model by the equipment, the grinding track determines the surface quality of the ground castings, so that the grinding track has important influence in the automatic grinding process.
The following problems exist in the actual grinding process of the equipment:
1. castings of the same model have poor consistency, and particularly large castings cannot guarantee that grinding tracks are suitable for grinding all castings.
2. The tool jig is worn after being used for a long time, and the position of the casting is greatly deviated after each clamping.
3. The sizes of a joint line, a casting head, burrs and the like on the surface of a casting of the same model are not fixed, and the grinding track cannot be used for grinding the quality and the safety of equipment.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a visual inspection device and method for grinding castings.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
on the one hand, this application provides a be used for grinding foundry goods visual detection device, including grinding device body and visual detection subassembly, its characterized in that: the visual detection assembly comprises an industrial camera and a line laser sensor matched with the industrial camera, and the industrial camera and the line laser sensor are both connected with the upper computer and fixedly arranged on the body;
the lens axis of the industrial camera and the axis of the line laser sensor are on the same plane, and the included angle of the two axes is 45 degrees.
Further, the body comprises a mounting seat, a driving motor, a transmission case and a grinding wheel;
the grinding wheel is arranged on the other side of the transmission box through a main shaft, and the other end of the transmission assembly is connected with a driving shaft;
the driving motor is connected with the upper computer through a driver.
Further, the industrial camera and the line laser sensor are fixed with the main body through a mounting frame;
the mounting bracket is the L template, the L template includes backplate and bottom plate, backplate one end is passed through bolt and mount pad fixed connection, the lower extreme at the bottom plate is installed through the mounting box to the industry camera, linear laser sensor passes through the installed part and installs the top at the bottom plate.
Further, the mounting box includes box body and shield, the opening of box body is towards the emery wheel, the shield is used for the opening of shutoff box body, the box body is inside to be separated for storage chamber and installation cavity through the baffle, the industry camera is installed in the installation cavity, the storage chamber is used for placing the connecting wire of industry camera, the tip of box body is opened has the semicircular hole that corresponds with the camera lens of industry camera, the shield lock is on the box body, and the tip of shield also is equipped with the semicircle type hole that corresponds with the camera lens of industry camera.
Furthermore, the lens of the industrial camera is also correspondingly provided with a dustproof plate, the dustproof plate is arranged on the end surface of the installation box, and the inner side of the dustproof plate is provided with a sealing ring for improving the sealing performance of the dustproof plate and the installation box;
the dust guard still corresponds and is equipped with the position control subassembly, the position control subassembly includes revolving cylinder to and install the swing arm at revolving cylinder's cylinder pole tip, dust guard fixed mounting is at the tip of swing arm, revolving cylinder passes through drive circuit and connects the host computer.
Furthermore, the upper surface of the bottom plate is provided with two baffle plates, a junction box is arranged between the two baffle plates, and the rotary cylinder is fixedly arranged on one of the baffle plates through a bolt;
the mounting piece is fixedly arranged above the rotary cylinder, one end, close to the industrial camera, of the back plate extends outwards to form an extending portion, and the mounting piece is fixedly mounted on the extending portion.
Further, the mounting piece comprises a mounting block and a mounting arm which is integrally formed with the mounting block, a bolt hole is formed in the mounting block, a threaded cylinder corresponding to the bolt hole is welded on the transmission case, a through hole corresponding to the bolt hole is also formed in the extending portion, and the mounting block is fixed with the threaded cylinder through a bolt in a threaded mode;
the mounting block is provided with a square weight-reducing through hole;
the end part of the mounting arm is provided with an inclined mounting hole, the line laser sensor is mounted in the mounting hole, the end face of the mounting arm is cut into an inclined face parallel to the mounting hole, a fastening bolt is arranged on the inclined face, a threaded hole of the fastening bolt is communicated with the mounting hole, and the line laser sensor is fixed in the mounting hole through the fastening bolt.
In another aspect, the present application provides a visual inspection method for grinding castings, comprising the steps of:
s1, compiling a machining program for the standard casting to form a standard machining program;
s2, scanning a plurality of characteristic points of the standard casting according to a specific motion track and recording data to form a standard value;
s3, scanning the data of the casting to be processed with the same motion track, and recording the measured value;
s4, the upper computer software modifies the standard processing program according to the difference between the standard value and the measured value to obtain the processing program of the casting to be processed;
and S5, automatically loading the machining program of the casting to be machined through the instruction by the upper computer software and automatically running.
Further, the data in the steps S2 and S3 are data in the Z-axis direction obtained by converting the data in the X-axis direction in the field of view of the 2D industrial camera into data in the Z-axis direction by using the isosceles right triangle principle, so as to obtain the difference between the casting to be processed and the standard workpiece in the Z-axis direction.
Compared with the prior art, the visual detection device and method for the grinding casting, which are created by the invention, have the following advantages:
the visual detection device and method for the grinding casting, which are created by the invention, are used for carrying out visual detection on a standard casting and a casting to be processed by combining an industrial camera and a line laser, and can be used for carrying out intelligent grinding treatment on workpieces with different sizes and models by combining a processing program, so that the problems of low efficiency, large error and poor quality in the prior art are effectively solved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention without limitation. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a general structural view of a visual inspection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a visual inspection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partial block diagram of a visual inspection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a data conversion method of the detection method according to the embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals:
1. a mounting seat; 2. a mounting frame; 3. an industrial camera; 31. a lens; 4. a line laser sensor; 5. a mounting member; 51. fastening a bolt; 52. mounting an arm; 6. mounting a box; 61. a dust cover; 7. a dust-proof plate; 71. swinging arms; 72. a cylinder; 8. a grinding wheel; 9. a transmission case; 91. a threaded barrel; 10. a drive motor; 11. a junction box.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
The invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a visual inspection device for grinding castings comprises a grinding device body and a visual inspection assembly, wherein the visual inspection assembly comprises an industrial camera 3 and a line laser sensor 4 matched with the industrial camera 3, and the industrial camera 3 and the line laser sensor 4 are both connected with an upper computer and fixedly mounted on the body;
the axis of the lens 31 of the industrial camera 3 and the axis of the line laser sensor 4 are on the same plane, and the included angle between the two axes is 45 degrees.
The body comprises a mounting seat 1, a driving motor 10, a transmission case 9 and a grinding wheel 8; the mounting seat 1 is an L-shaped structural member, one end of the mounting seat is connected with a position adjusting device, the position adjusting device can be a mechanical arm or a rolling shaft, the position or the angle of the mounting seat can be adjusted, the other end of the mounting seat is fixed on a transmission box 9, a transmission assembly is arranged in the transmission box 9, a driving motor 10 is arranged on one side of the transmission box 9, a driving shaft is connected with one end of the transmission assembly, the grinding wheel 8 is arranged on the other side of the transmission box 9 through a main shaft, and the other end of the transmission assembly is connected with a driving shaft; the driving motor 10 is connected with an upper computer through a driver.
The industrial camera 3 and the line laser sensor 4 are fixed with the main body through the mounting frame 2; mounting bracket 2 is the L template, the L template includes backplate and bottom plate, 1 fixed connection of bolt and mount pad is passed through to backplate one end, the lower extreme at the bottom plate is installed through mounting box 6 to industrial camera 3, linear laser sensor passes through installed part 5 and installs the top at the bottom plate.
The mounting box 6 includes box body and shield 61, the opening of box body is towards emery wheel 8, shield 61 is used for the opening of shutoff box body, the box body is inside to be separated for storage chamber and installation cavity through the baffle, industry camera 3 is installed in the installation cavity, the storage chamber is used for placing industry camera 3's connecting wire, the tip of box body is opened the semicircular hole that has the camera lens 31 with industry camera 3 to correspond, 7 locks of shield are on the box body, and the tip of shield 7 also is equipped with the semicircular hole that corresponds with industry camera 3's camera lens 31.
The lens 31 of the industrial camera 3 is also correspondingly provided with a dustproof plate 7, the dustproof plate 7 is arranged on the end surface of the installation box, and the inner side of the dustproof plate 7 is provided with a sealing ring for improving the sealing performance of the dustproof plate 7 and the installation box 6;
the dust guard 7 still corresponds and is equipped with the position control subassembly, the position control subassembly includes revolving cylinder 72 to and install the swing arm 71 at the cylinder 72 pole tip of revolving cylinder 72, dust guard 7 fixed mounting is at the tip of swing arm 71, revolving cylinder 72 passes through drive circuit and connects the host computer.
The upper surface of the bottom plate is provided with two baffle plates, a junction box 11 is arranged between the two baffle plates, a wiring board is arranged in the junction box 11 and used for connecting the laser sensor 4 and the camera, the junction box is connected with an upper computer through a bus, and the rotary cylinder 72 is fixedly arranged on one of the baffle plates through a bolt;
the mounting piece 5 is fixedly arranged above the rotary cylinder 72, one end of the back plate adjacent to the industrial camera 3 extends outwards to form an extension part, and the mounting piece 5 is fixedly mounted on the extension part.
The mounting piece 5 comprises a mounting block and a mounting arm 52 integrally formed with the mounting block, a bolt hole is formed in the mounting block, a threaded cylinder 91 corresponding to the bolt hole is welded on the transmission case 9, a through hole corresponding to the bolt hole is also formed in the extending part, and the mounting block is fixed with the threaded cylinder 91 through a bolt in a threaded manner;
the mounting block is provided with a square weight-reducing through hole;
the end part of the mounting arm 52 is provided with an inclined mounting hole, the line laser sensor 4 is mounted in the mounting hole, the end surface of the mounting arm 52 is cut into an inclined surface parallel to the mounting hole, the inclined surface is provided with a fastening bolt 51, a threaded hole of the fastening bolt 51 is communicated with the mounting hole, and the line laser sensor 4 is fixed in the mounting hole through the fastening bolt 51.
A detection method for a visual detection device of a grinding casting comprises the following steps:
s1, compiling a machining program for the standard casting to form a standard machining program;
s2, scanning a plurality of characteristic points of the standard casting according to a specific motion track and recording data to form a standard value;
s3, scanning the data of the casting to be processed with the same motion track, and recording the measured value;
s4, the upper computer software modifies the standard processing program according to the difference between the standard value and the measured value to obtain the processing program of the casting to be processed;
and S5, automatically loading the machining program of the casting to be machined through the instruction by the upper computer software and automatically running.
The data in the steps S2 and S3 are data in the X axis direction in the field of view of the 2D industrial camera 3 converted into data in the Z axis direction by using the isosceles right triangle principle, so as to obtain the difference between the casting to be machined and the standard workpiece in the Z axis direction. As shown in fig. 2, the X-axis direction in the field of view of the 2D industrial camera 3 is converted into Z-axis direction data, i.e., a numerical value in the direction from the lens 31 to the measurement point, by using the principle of isosceles right triangles.
This scheme adopts virtual axle position control industry camera to trigger the calculation of shooing: and coupling the scanning operation track with the position of the virtual axis to generate a control program, so that the photographing calculation of the industrial camera is triggered at a specific position.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the elements and method steps of the examples described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied in electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the components and steps of the examples have been described in a functional general in the foregoing description for the purpose of clearly illustrating the interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed method and system may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above described division of elements is merely a logical division, and other divisions may be realized, for example, multiple elements or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. The units may or may not be physically separate, and components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the inventive embodiments of the present invention.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solution depart from the scope of the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, and the technical solution is covered by the claims and the specification of the present invention.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, so that any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like, which are within the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a be used for grinding foundry goods visual detection device, includes grinding device body and visual detection subassembly, its characterized in that: the visual detection assembly comprises an industrial camera and a line laser sensor matched with the industrial camera, and the industrial camera and the line laser sensor are both connected with the upper computer and fixedly arranged on the body;
the lens axis of the industrial camera and the axis of the line laser sensor are on the same plane, and the included angle of the two axes is 45 degrees.
2. The visual inspection device for ground castings according to claim 1, characterized by: the body comprises a mounting seat, a driving motor, a transmission case and a grinding wheel;
the grinding wheel is arranged on the other side of the transmission box through a main shaft, and the other end of the transmission assembly is connected with a driving shaft;
the driving motor is connected with the upper computer through a driver.
3. The visual inspection device for ground castings according to claim 2, characterized by: the industrial camera and the line laser sensor are fixed with the main body through a mounting frame;
the mounting bracket is the L template, the L template includes backplate and bottom plate, backplate one end is passed through bolt and mount pad fixed connection, the lower extreme at the bottom plate is installed through the mounting box to the industry camera, linear laser sensor passes through the installed part and installs the top at the bottom plate.
4. The visual inspection device for ground castings according to claim 1, characterized by: the mounting box includes box body and shield, the opening of box body is towards the emery wheel, the shield is used for the opening of shutoff box body, the box body is inside to be separated for storage chamber and installation cavity through the baffle, the industry camera is installed in the installation cavity, the storage chamber is used for placing the connecting wire of industry camera, the tip of box body is opened has the semicircular hole that corresponds with the camera lens of industry camera, the shield lock is on the box body, and the tip of shield also is equipped with the semicircular hole that corresponds with the camera lens of industry camera.
5. The visual inspection device for ground castings according to claim 4, characterized by: the lens of the industrial camera is also correspondingly provided with a dustproof plate, the dustproof plate is arranged on the end surface of the installation box, and the inner side of the dustproof plate is provided with a sealing ring for improving the sealing performance of the dustproof plate and the installation box;
the dust guard still corresponds and is equipped with the position control subassembly, the position control subassembly includes revolving cylinder to and install the swing arm at revolving cylinder's cylinder pole tip, dust guard fixed mounting is at the tip of swing arm, revolving cylinder passes through drive circuit and connects the host computer.
6. The visual inspection device for ground castings according to claim 5, characterized by: the upper surface of the bottom plate is provided with two baffle plates, a junction box is arranged between the two baffle plates, and the rotary cylinder is fixedly arranged on one of the baffle plates through a bolt;
the mounting piece is fixedly arranged above the rotary cylinder, one end, close to the industrial camera, of the back plate extends outwards to form an extending portion, and the mounting piece is fixedly mounted on the extending portion.
7. The visual inspection device for ground castings according to claim 6, characterized by: the mounting piece comprises a mounting block and a mounting arm which is integrally formed with the mounting block, a bolt hole is formed in the mounting block, a threaded cylinder corresponding to the bolt hole is welded on the transmission case, a through hole corresponding to the bolt hole is also formed in the extending part, and the mounting block is fixed with the threaded cylinder through a bolt in a threaded manner;
the mounting block is provided with a square weight-reducing through hole;
the end part of the mounting arm is provided with an inclined mounting hole, the line laser sensor is mounted in the mounting hole, the end face of the mounting arm is cut into an inclined face parallel to the mounting hole, a fastening bolt is arranged on the inclined face, a threaded hole of the fastening bolt is communicated with the mounting hole, and the line laser sensor is fixed in the mounting hole through the fastening bolt.
8. The detection method for the visual detection device of the ground casting based on claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, compiling a machining program for the standard casting to form a standard machining program;
s2, scanning a plurality of characteristic points of the standard casting according to a specific motion track and recording data to form a standard value;
s3, scanning the data of the casting to be processed with the same motion track, and recording the measured value;
s4, the upper computer software modifies the standard processing program according to the difference between the standard value and the measured value to obtain the processing program of the casting to be processed;
and S5, automatically loading the machining program of the casting to be machined through the instruction by the upper computer software and automatically running.
9. The visual inspection method for ground castings according to claim 8, characterized by: the data in the steps S2 and S3 are data in the X axis direction in the field of view of the 2D industrial camera converted into data in the Z axis direction by using the isosceles right triangle principle, so as to obtain the difference between the casting to be processed and the standard workpiece in the Z axis direction.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110128960.6A CN112792657A (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2021-01-29 | Visual detection device and method for grinding casting |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110128960.6A CN112792657A (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2021-01-29 | Visual detection device and method for grinding casting |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112792657A true CN112792657A (en) | 2021-05-14 |
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| CN202110128960.6A Pending CN112792657A (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2021-01-29 | Visual detection device and method for grinding casting |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117047065A (en) * | 2023-09-01 | 2023-11-14 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | Knuckle die-casting blank and post-treatment process thereof |
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2021
- 2021-01-29 CN CN202110128960.6A patent/CN112792657A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117047065A (en) * | 2023-09-01 | 2023-11-14 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | Knuckle die-casting blank and post-treatment process thereof |
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