CN112786895A - Lithium ion battery, novel current collector and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
- H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2333/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of nitriles
- C08J2333/20—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylonitrile
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/521—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4
- C08K5/523—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4 with hydroxyaryl compounds
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries and discloses a lithium ion battery, a novel current collector and a preparation method thereof. Thereby polymer substrate layer can effectually carry out the attenuate to commercial copper foil or aluminium foil and improve the energy density of battery, and the use of fire retardant can guarantee that the battery is fire-retardant after taking place the burning phenomenon, reduces the hidden danger.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a lithium ion battery, a novel current collector and a preparation method of the novel current collector.
Background
With the continuous development of new energy industry, lithium ion batteries have been widely used in portable digital products such as notebook computers and mobile phones, and also used as power devices for electric bicycles or electric vehicles. However, the current commercial lithium ion battery technology also has many problems, such as low energy density and poor safety performance, thereby limiting further use thereof.
The current commercialized lithium ion battery uses copper foil or aluminum foil as a current collector, which has high density and is an inactive part of a battery assembly, and the influence on energy density is not negligible. Therefore, researchers have conducted a great deal of research on thinning technology of current collectors, for example, patent CN 110600745 a discloses a copper-plated composite current collector prepared based on a polyimide film, which exhibits good cycle performance and rate capability, and the electrical insulation property of polyimide improves thermal runaway of a battery, but this strategy is difficult to prevent fire caused by thermal runaway of the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a lithium ion battery, a novel current collector and a preparation method thereof, wherein the novel current collector comprises a flexible polymer substrate layer, a flame retardant, a binder enhancement layer and a metal coating, the polymer substrate layer is activated after plasma treatment, the flame retardant is embedded in the polymer substrate layer, the binder enhancement layer is arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the polymer substrate layer, and the metal coating is arranged on the surface of the enhancement layer, so that the commercial copper foil or aluminum foil can be effectively thinned by the polymer substrate layer, the energy density of the battery is improved, the flame retardant can be used for ensuring that the battery is flame-retardant after a combustion phenomenon occurs, and the hidden danger is reduced. The introduction of the bonding force enhancement layer can enhance the stability of the metal coating and the polymer base material layer.
The invention provides a novel current collector which comprises a base material layer, bonding layers and metal layers, wherein the bonding layers are respectively arranged on two opposite surfaces of the base material layer, the metal layers are arranged on the surfaces, away from the base material layer, of the bonding layers, and a flame retardant is arranged in the base material layer.
Further, the substrate layer is a polymer film substrate made of one or a mixture of two or more of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide, polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene and polyethylene naphthalate.
Further, the material of the substrate layer is polyacrylonitrile or polyimide.
Further, the bonding layer is a reinforcing layer, and the material of the bonding layer is aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum nitride, metal nickel, metal copper, metal chromium, metal titanium or nickel alloy.
Further, the material of the bonding layer is silicon oxide or metal copper.
Further, the flame retardant is alkyl phosphate, aryl phosphate, dicyclopentadiene, chlordane anhydride, aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbon, phosphoric triester, halogenated cyclohexane and derivatives thereof, decabromodiphenyl ether and derivatives thereof, or an inorganic flame retardant.
Further, the flame retardant accounts for more than 0 and less than or equal to 50 percent of the mass of the substrate layer; the thickness of the bonding layer is more than 0 and less than or equal to 20 nm; the thickness of the metal layer is 500 nm-2000 nm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the novel current collector, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a base material layer by adopting an in-situ polymerization, solution casting or melt casting mode;
(2) carrying out plasma treatment on the substrate layer to activate the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate layer; wherein a flame retardant is arranged in the base material layer;
(3) preparing bonding layers on the two surfaces of the substrate layer opposite to each other in a vacuum evaporation or magnetron sputtering mode;
(4) and preparing a metal layer on the surface of the bonding layer by adopting a vacuum evaporation or magnetron sputtering mode to obtain the novel current collector.
The invention also provides a lithium ion battery, which comprises the novel current collector.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the lithium ion battery, the novel current collector and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1. two that the substrate layer was mutually backed on the back are provided with respectively on the surface the tie coat, the tie coat is kept away from the substrate layer be provided with on the surface the metal level, thereby polymer substrate layer can be effectual carries out the attenuate to commercial copper foil or aluminium foil and improves the energy density of battery like this.
2. The flame retardant is arranged in the base material layer, and the flame retardant can be used for ensuring that the battery is flame-retardant after the combustion phenomenon occurs, so that the hidden danger is reduced.
3. The introduction of the bonding force enhancement layer can enhance the stability of the metal coating and the polymer base material layer.
4. After the surface of the film base material layer is treated by plasma, the surface of the film is activated, and the space between the film layer and the bonding layer can be enhanced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the novel current collector provided by the present invention.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein: 0-substrate layer, 1-bonding layer, 2-metal layer and 3-flame retardant.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Referring to fig. 1, the novel current collector provided by the invention includes a substrate layer 0, a bonding layer 1 and a metal layer 2, the bonding layer 1 is respectively disposed on two surfaces of the substrate layer 0 opposite to each other, the metal layer 2 is disposed on a surface of the bonding layer 1 away from the substrate layer 0, and a flame retardant 3 is disposed in the substrate layer 0.
The base material layer 0 is a polymer film base material, and is made of one or a mixture of two or more of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide, polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene and polyethylene naphthalate, and is preferably polyacrylonitrile or polyimide. In addition, the substrate layer 0 can effectively thin commercial copper foil or aluminum foil, thereby improving the energy density of the battery.
The bonding layer 1 is a reinforcing layer, and is made of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum nitride, metallic nickel, metallic copper, metallic chromium, metallic titanium or nickel alloy, preferably silicon oxide or metallic copper. The adhesive layer can enhance the stability between the metal layer 2 and the base material layer 0.
The flame retardant 3 may be an alkyl phosphate: tributyl phosphate, tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate, tris (2, 3-dichloropropyl) phosphate, tris (2, 3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, and the like; aryl phosphate ester: toluene-diphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, 2-ethylhexyl-diphenyl phosphate, and the like; dicyclopentadiene group: chlordanic anhydride, etc.; aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons, in particular bromides: aromatic bromides such as dibromomethane, trichlorobromomethane, dichlorobromomethane, octabromodiphenyl oxide, pentabromoethylbenzene, tetrabromobisphenol A and other halogenated compounds; phosphoric acid tris (dibromopropyl) ester, halogenated cyclohexane and derivatives thereof, decabromodiphenyl ether and derivatives thereof; inorganic flame retardants such as tellurium compounds, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and borates; triazine and derivatives thereof, and organic nitrogen-based compounds such as melamine. Preferably triphenyl phosphate or tricresyl phosphate. The flame retardant 3 ensures that the corresponding battery is flame-retardant after the combustion phenomenon occurs, and reduces hidden danger.
The metal layer 2 is made of metal aluminum or metal copper. The flame retardant 3 accounts for more than 0 and less than or equal to 50 percent of the base material layer 0 in percentage by mass; the thickness of the bonding layer 1 is more than 0 and less than or equal to 20 nm; the thickness of the metal layer is 500 nm-2000 nm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the novel current collector, which comprises the following steps:
(1) and preparing the substrate layer by adopting an in-situ polymerization, solution casting or melt casting mode.
Specifically, a film substrate layer is prepared by in-situ polymerization, solution casting or melt casting, the surface of the film substrate layer is cleaned by deionized water, ethanol and the like, and then the film substrate layer is dried in a vacuum drying oven.
Wherein, the polymer monomer is used in the in-situ polymerization, and the polymer body is used in the solution casting or the melting casting.
(2) Carrying out plasma treatment on the substrate layer to activate the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate layer; and a flame retardant is arranged in the base material layer.
Specifically, the dried film is subjected to plasma treatment for standby, so that the upper surface and the lower surface of the film are activated, and the bonding force between the film and the bonding layer is increased.
(3) And preparing bonding layers on the two surfaces of the substrate layer opposite to each other by adopting a vacuum evaporation or magnetron sputtering mode.
The preparation method of the bonding layer comprises but is not limited to physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition such as vacuum evaporation and magnetron sputtering.
(4) And preparing a metal layer on the surface of the bonding layer by adopting a vacuum evaporation or magnetron sputtering mode to obtain the novel current collector.
The preparation method of the metal coating includes, but is not limited to, physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition such as vacuum evaporation and magnetron sputtering.
The invention also provides a lithium ion battery which comprises the novel current collector.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to several specific examples.
Example 1
The preparation method of the novel current collector provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, dissolving polyacrylonitrile ester powder into dimethylformamide, adding triphenyl phosphate with the mass fraction of 10%, continuing stirring until the triphenyl phosphate is dissolved, and pouring the dissolved uniform solution to obtain the required film substrate layer.
(2) And carrying out plasma treatment on the dried film substrate for standby, so that the upper surface and the lower surface of the film substrate are activated, and the bonding force between the film substrate and the bonding layer is increased.
(3) And placing the film base material layer on a magnetron sputtering substrate to prepare a 20nm silicon oxide enhancement layer.
(4) And continuously placing the film substrate reinforced by the binder on a magnetron sputtering substrate to prepare 800nm of metal aluminum, thus obtaining the required current collector.
(5) The novel flame-retardant current collector can be obtained by taking the commercialized NCM523 as an active substance, preparing a slurry with a binder and a conductive agent, and then coating the slurry on the surface of the obtained current collector by blade coating.
Example 2
The preparation method of the novel current collector provided by the embodiment 2 of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, dissolving polyacrylonitrile ester powder into dimethylformamide, adding triphenyl phosphate with the mass fraction of 20%, continuing stirring until the triphenyl phosphate is dissolved, and pouring the dissolved uniform solution to obtain the required film substrate layer.
(2) And carrying out plasma treatment on the dried film substrate for standby, so that the upper surface and the lower surface of the film substrate are activated, and the bonding force between the film substrate and the bonding layer is increased.
(3) And placing the film base material layer on a magnetron sputtering substrate to prepare a 20nm silicon oxide enhancement layer.
(4) And continuously placing the film substrate reinforced by the binder on a magnetron sputtering substrate to prepare 800nm of metal aluminum, thus obtaining the required current collector.
(5) The novel flame-retardant current collector can be obtained by taking the commercialized NCM523 as an active substance, preparing a slurry with a binder and a conductive agent, and then coating the slurry on the surface of the obtained current collector by blade coating.
Example 3
The preparation method of the novel current collector provided by the embodiment 3 of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, dissolving polyacrylonitrile powder into dimethylformamide, adding 30 mass percent of triphenyl phosphate, continuously stirring until the triphenyl phosphate is dissolved, and pouring the dissolved uniform solution to obtain the required film substrate layer.
(2) And carrying out plasma treatment on the dried film substrate for standby, so that the upper surface and the lower surface of the film substrate are activated, and the bonding force between the film substrate and the bonding layer is increased.
(3) And placing the film base material layer on a magnetron sputtering substrate to prepare a 20nm silicon oxide enhancement layer.
(4) And continuously placing the film substrate reinforced by the binder on a magnetron sputtering substrate to prepare 800nm of metal aluminum, thus obtaining the required current collector.
(5) The novel flame-retardant current collector can be obtained by taking the commercialized NCM523 as an active substance, preparing a slurry with a binder and a conductive agent, and then coating the slurry on the surface of the obtained current collector by blade coating.
Example 4
The preparation method of the novel current collector provided by the embodiment 4 of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, dissolving polyacrylonitrile ester powder into dimethylformamide, adding triphenyl phosphate with the mass fraction of 40% into the dimethylformamide, continuously stirring the mixture until the mixture is dissolved, and pouring the dissolved uniform solution to obtain the required film substrate layer.
(2) And carrying out plasma treatment on the dried film substrate for standby, so that the upper surface and the lower surface of the film substrate are activated, and the bonding force between the film substrate and the bonding layer is increased.
(3) And placing the film base material layer on a magnetron sputtering substrate to prepare a 20nm silicon oxide enhancement layer.
(4) And continuously placing the film substrate reinforced by the binder on a magnetron sputtering substrate to prepare 800nm of metal aluminum, thus obtaining the required current collector.
(5) The novel flame-retardant current collector can be obtained by taking the commercialized NCM523 as an active substance, preparing a slurry with a binder and a conductive agent, and then coating the slurry on the surface of the obtained current collector by blade coating.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A novel current collector is characterized in that:
the novel current collector comprises a substrate layer, bonding layers and a metal layer, two back-to-back surfaces of the substrate layer are respectively provided with the bonding layers, the bonding layers are far away from the surface of the substrate layer, the metal layer is arranged on the surface of the substrate layer, and a flame retardant is arranged in the substrate layer.
2. The novel current collector of claim 1, wherein: the substrate layer is a polymer film substrate, and the material of the substrate layer is one or a mixture of more than two of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide, polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene and polyethylene naphthalate.
3. The novel current collector of claim 2, wherein: the material of the substrate layer is polyacrylonitrile or polyimide.
4. The novel current collector of claim 1, wherein: the bonding layer is an enhancement layer and is made of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum nitride, metallic nickel, metallic copper, metallic chromium, metallic titanium or nickel alloy.
5. The novel current collector of claim 4, wherein: the material of the bonding layer is silicon oxide or metal copper.
6. The novel current collector of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the flame retardant is alkyl phosphate, aryl phosphate, dicyclopentadiene, chlordanic anhydride, aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbon, phosphoric triester, halogenated cyclohexane and derivatives thereof, decabromodiphenyl ether and derivatives thereof, or inorganic flame retardant.
7. The novel current collector of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the flame retardant accounts for more than 0 and less than or equal to 50 percent of the mass of the substrate layer; the thickness of the bonding layer is more than 0 and less than or equal to 20 nm; the thickness of the metal layer is 500 nm-2000 nm.
8. A method for preparing a novel current collector according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a base material layer by adopting an in-situ polymerization, solution casting or melt casting mode;
(2) carrying out plasma treatment on the substrate layer to activate the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate layer; wherein a flame retardant is arranged in the base material layer;
(3) preparing bonding layers on the two surfaces of the substrate layer opposite to each other in a vacuum evaporation or magnetron sputtering mode;
(4) and preparing a metal layer on the surface of the bonding layer by adopting a vacuum evaporation or magnetron sputtering mode to obtain the novel current collector.
9. A lithium ion battery, characterized by: the lithium ion battery comprises the novel current collector of any one of claims 1-7.
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Cited By (5)
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CN114156486A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-03-08 | 上海空间电源研究所 | Light-weight flame-retardant current collector, preparation method thereof, electrode and battery |
CN114243028A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-03-25 | 浙江柔震科技有限公司 | Current collector and preparation method thereof |
CN114300689A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-04-08 | 华中科技大学 | Current collector, lithium ion battery and preparation method of lithium ion battery |
CN114628688A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-06-14 | 江西光腾微纳材料有限公司 | Preparation process of composite copper material |
CN115232348A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-10-25 | 浙江柔震科技有限公司 | Composite flexible film and preparation method thereof |
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CN114156486A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-03-08 | 上海空间电源研究所 | Light-weight flame-retardant current collector, preparation method thereof, electrode and battery |
CN114156486B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2024-05-03 | 上海空间电源研究所 | Light flame-retardant current collector, preparation method thereof, electrode and battery |
CN114243028A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-03-25 | 浙江柔震科技有限公司 | Current collector and preparation method thereof |
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