CN112784180A - Method for extracting catching strength spatial information of tuna seine fishing boat - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for extracting catching strength spatial information of a tuna seine fishing boat, which comprises the following steps: extracting MMSI information of the tuna seine fishing boat, obtaining AIS data according to the MMSI information, and extracting ship track data of the tuna seine fishing boat from the AIS data; based on the fishing operation characteristics of the tuna purse seiner, track points in two states of fish school and off-net fishing operation are respectively found by excavating the tuna purse seiner at a high speed by adopting navigation speed and daytime information; and (4) counting the time for the tuna seine fishing boat to search fish groups at high speed and to fish down the net to obtain the fishing effort force. The invention provides real-time, space-time and high-resolution fishery information for tuna resource management and fishing boat monitoring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fishery resource protection management and information analysis, in particular to a spatial information extraction method for fishing intensity of a tuna seine fishing boat.
Background
Overfishing is a great challenge for sustainable development of fishery ecosystems. Illegal, unreported and uncontained fishing are considered to be one of the major threats to ecosystem fishery sustainability. IUU cause losses of about $ 100 million to $ 235 million per year, corresponding to losses of 11 to 2600 million tons. Since the fishing ground area is very large, finding and deterring these illegal activities is often difficult, and the marine resources and resources required to perform open ocean surveillance are both expensive and of limited availability.
Tuna is an important economic fish species for pelagic fishery, and the main worldwide production of tuna is more than 50% from the mid-west pacific. The resource status of the tuna is reduced compared with the highest historical level, and the tuna becomes a hot spot concerned by countries and regions. Sustainable development and management of tuna resource assessment are very important. Resource assessment is important content of fishery resource management, but traditional resource assessment cannot quantify fishing strength borne by tuna fishery resources and living sea areas, and therefore the resource assessment is also important for management and monitoring of fishing boats. The automatic ship monitoring system can obtain the position of the fishing ship in real time and send information such as longitude and latitude, course, navigational speed and the like. Can be used for monitoring the fishing activity of the ocean fishing boat. The AIS data is adopted to mine fishing effort information of a fishing ground fishing farm, so that support can be provided for fishery management departments to manage and monitor fishing boats, and real-time and high-resolution information can be provided for fishery resource management and fishery forecast.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for extracting fishing intensity spatial information of a tuna purse seiner, which provides real-time, space-time and high-resolution fishery information for tuna resource management and fisher monitoring.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the method for extracting the catching strength spatial information of the tuna seine fishing boat comprises the following steps:
(1) extracting MMSI information of the tuna seine fishing boat, obtaining AIS data according to the MMSI information, and extracting ship track data of the tuna seine fishing boat from the AIS data;
(2) based on the fishing operation characteristics of the tuna purse seiner, track points in two states of fish school and off-net fishing operation are respectively found by excavating the tuna purse seiner at a high speed by adopting navigation speed and daytime information;
(3) and (4) counting the time for the tuna seine fishing boat to search fish groups at high speed and to fish down the net to obtain the fishing effort force.
The step (1) further comprises a step of performing data processing on the AIS data, and specifically comprises the following steps: sorting the AIS data according to a time sequence, eliminating data with repeated time, and selecting the AIS data with the speed of 0-15 sections; and calculating the time difference of the front ship position and the rear ship position of each ship, and removing data points with the time interval larger than 24 hours.
The step (2) is specifically as follows: calculating the light brightness value of each track point, extracting the operation track points fished by the tuna purse seiner under the net according to the speed statistical chart by using a first threshold speed range and a light brightness value, and extracting the track points for searching and tracing the fish groups at a high speed by using a second threshold speed range and a light brightness value, wherein the track point discrimination formula is as follows:
wherein, V1Is the first threshold speed range, V, during low speed net fishing2Finding the second threshold speed range under the behavior of chasing fish shoal at high speed, wherein c is a brightness value, c is not equal to 0 and represents the daytime when P isfishingWhen the value is 1, the tuna seine fishing boat takes in the seine and fishes; when P is presentsearchingWhen the value is 1, the tuna seine fishing boat is searching or chasing fish groups.
Passing FE in the step (3)i,j＝ΔTi,j×PfishingCalculating the fishing effort force put into the tuna seine fishing boat under the net collecting and fishing action through SEi,j＝ΔTi,j×PsearchingSearching or chasing the fishing effort of the tuna seine under the action of shoal fish, and passing through Ei,j＝FEi,j+SEi,jCalculating the i-1 to i-1 of the fishing boat j in the sailing trackThe fishing effort put into the ith space position, wherein, the fishing effort is delta Ti,jRepresenting the time interval, P, of the front and rear two ship positions in the sailing track of the fishing vessel jfishingAnd PsearchingAnd (4) representing the state of the tuna seine fishing boat, and counting the fishing effort force of all the tuna seine fishing boats in the operation grid.
Advantageous effects
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects: according to the method, through extracting MMSI information of the Mesoprano tuna purse seiner, ship track data of the tuna purse seiner is extracted according to the MMSI purse seiner, and based on fishing operation characteristics of the tuna purse seiner, track points and fishing effort information in two states of high-speed fish swarm searching and net dropping fishing operation of the Mesoprano tuna purse seiner are respectively excavated by adopting navigation speed and daytime information, so that method support is provided for monitoring and managing the resources of the Mesoprano tuna fishery.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
The embodiment of the invention relates to a method for extracting catching strength spatial information of a tuna seine fishing boat, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1: extracting MMSI information of the tuna seine fishing boat, obtaining AIS data according to the MMSI information, and extracting ship track data of the tuna seine fishing boat from the AIS data; based on the fishing operation characteristics of the tuna purse seiner, track points in two states of fish school and off-net fishing operation are respectively found by excavating the tuna purse seiner at a high speed by adopting navigation speed and daytime information; and (4) counting the time for the tuna seine fishing boat to search fish groups at high speed and to fish down the net to obtain the fishing effort force.
The invention is further illustrated below by taking a tuna seine fishing boat in the pacific China and western countries as an example.
Ship position track data and preprocessing
Collect 191 tuna seine boats and MMSI numbers of the western pacific tuna in the organization. And extracting information such as AIS dynamic time series data date, longitude and latitude, course, speed and the like according to the MMSI. The AIS data coverage time range of the present embodiment is 11 months in total from 7 months in 2017 to 5 months in 2018. Of the 191 fishing vessels, 43 MMSI had no AIS data. The 148 MMSI entries have AIS data, of which 59 have all months 'AIS data, and the remaining 89 are missing months' AIS data. Here AIS data missing months are 7, 8 and 10 months.
And selecting the AIS data of the 148 fishing boats item by item according to the MMSI number, sorting according to date and time, removing data with repeated time, and selecting AIS data with the speed of 0-15 sections and removing data with the speed of more than 15 sections. The date is converted into "year", "month", "day", "hour", "minute", "second", and information such as "longitude", "latitude", "heading", "speed" is selected. Calculating the time difference of the front ship position and the rear ship position of each ship, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
ΔTi,j＝Ti,j-Ti-1,j
wherein, Ti,jAnd Ti-1,jIs the time of the front and the back two ship positions in the j sailing track of the fishing boat, and the difference between the two is the time interval delta Ti,jIn units of hours. And eliminating data points with the time interval being more than 24 hours to finally obtain 8117450 pieces of data in total of the 148 tuna seines from 7 months in 2017 to 5 months in 2018.
Track point excavation method for different fishing states
The tuna purse seiner mainly works in the daytime and has a rest at night. The net releasing speed of the fishing boat is high, but the time is very short; the net-harvesting fishing may last for several hours, with the fishing vessel being at a low speed. According to the characteristics of the tuna seine fishing boat operation, the embodiment identifies the operating state of the tuna seine fishing boat by day/night and a speed threshold. Using calcSo in solaR program packageAnd calculating the light brightness value of each track point by the function l, and extracting the track points in the daytime when the light brightness value is greater than zero. The embodiment uses a first threshold speed range V according to the speed statistical chart1Extracting the operation track points of the tuna purse seiner for fishing by netting at the brightness value within a second threshold speed range V2And extracting the brightness value to search the track points of the fish school and the chased fish school at high speed. The formula for judging the track points is as follows:
in the formula, V1And V2The speed range of the fishing net is a first speed threshold range when the fishing net is fished at a low speed, and a second speed threshold range when the fishing net is fished at a high speed, c is a brightness value, and c is 0 to represent night. When P is presentfishingWhen the fish is 1, the fishing boat is considered to be in operation, namely fishing the fish in the net; when P is presentsearchingWhen 1, the fishing vessel is considered to be sailing, i.e. seeking or chasing fish stocks.
(III) calculation of fishing effort force in fishing ground
The time invested by the tuna seine at sea for fishing tunas, including finding and chasing fish groups and harvesting nets and catching, is defined as the fishing effort. The fishing intensity measures the time of all tuna seine boats in each grid cell in a given time range.
In order to respectively analyze the input time and spatial distribution of the fishing boat under the actions of searching and chasing fish groups and catching net, identifying the point data of each track, respectively counting the fishing boat j under different states, and calculating the catching effort force between two points in the corresponding sailing track, the formula is as follows:
FEi,j＝ΔTi,j×Pfishing，SEi,j＝ΔTi,j×Psearching
Pfishingand PsearchingIs the operating state of the fishing boat j at the position i, FEi,jIs the fishing effort force put into the fishing boat under the net collecting and fishing action. SEi,jIs a fishing boat under the action of finding or chasing fish shoalsThe input fishing effort force.
Within a certain time, the fishing strength of the kth operation grid in the fishing field area is defined as the sum of the fishing efforts of all ship sites in the grid, the unit is h, and the calculation formula is as follows:
n is the total number of fishing boats in the grid, and M is all boat positions of the fishing boat j in the grid. Ei,jFishing effort force put into the fishing boat j from the (i-1) th to the (i) th spatial positions in the sailing track, the unit is h, and the fishing effort force comprises FEi,jAnd SEi,j。
According to the method, 191 medium-pacific tuna purse seine fishing boats are extracted, AIS data from 7 months in 2017 to 5 months in 2018 are extracted according to MMSI numbers of the fishing boats, 8117450 fishing boat track data are counted after pretreatment, track points and fishing effort information under two states of fish swarm high-speed searching and net-off fishing operation of the medium-pacific tuna purse seine fishing boats are mined respectively, and two fishing effort space distribution maps are drawn.
Claims (4)
1. A tuna seine fishing boat catching strength spatial information extraction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) extracting MMSI information of the tuna seine fishing boat, obtaining AIS data according to the MMSI information, and extracting ship track data of the tuna seine fishing boat from the AIS data;
(2) based on the fishing operation characteristics of the tuna purse seiner, track points in two states of fish school and off-net fishing operation are respectively found by excavating the tuna purse seiner at a high speed by adopting navigation speed and daytime information;
(3) and (4) counting the time for the tuna seine fishing boat to search fish groups at high speed and to fish down the net to obtain the fishing effort force.
2. The method for extracting the spatial information of the fishing intensity of the tuna seine according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) further comprises a step of processing AIS data, specifically comprising the following steps: sorting the AIS data according to a time sequence, eliminating data with repeated time, and selecting the AIS data with the speed of 0-15 sections; and calculating the time difference of the front ship position and the rear ship position of each ship, and removing data points with the time interval larger than 24 hours.
3. The method for extracting the spatial information of the fishing intensity of the tuna seine fishing boat according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) is specifically as follows: calculating the light brightness value of each track point, extracting the operation track points fished by the tuna purse seiner under the net according to the speed statistical chart by using a first threshold speed range and a light brightness value, and extracting the track points for searching and tracing the fish groups at a high speed by using a second threshold speed range and a light brightness value, wherein the track point discrimination formula is as follows:
4. The method for extracting the spatial information of the catching strength of the tuna seine according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) is performed by FEi,j＝ΔTi,j×PfishingCalculating the fishing effort force put into the tuna seine fishing boat under the net collecting and fishing action through SEi,j＝ΔTi,j×PsearchingSearching or chasing the fishing effort of the tuna seine under the action of shoal fish, and passing through Ei,j＝FEi,j+SEi,jCalculating the fishing effort force thrown into the fishing boat j from the (i-1) th to the (i) th spatial positions in the sailing track, wherein delta Ti,jTime interval for representing front and rear two ship positions in j sailing track of fishing boat，PfishingAnd PsearchingAnd (4) representing the state of the tuna seine fishing boat, and counting the fishing effort force of all the tuna seine fishing boats in the operation grid.
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| CN114794035A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-07-29 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Automatic identification algorithm for tuna purse seine center fishery range and fishery route searching method |
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Application publication date: 20210511 |