CN112782531A - Method for measuring and calculating bird dung flashover protection range of power transmission line and measuring device - Google Patents
Method for measuring and calculating bird dung flashover protection range of power transmission line and measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G7/00—Overhead installations of electric lines or cables
Abstract
The invention provides a method for measuring and calculating a bird droppings flashover protection range of a power transmission line, and belongs to the technical field of electricity. The method comprises the following steps: the device comprises an insulator, a cross arm, a bird dung propelling device, a hardware fitting, a power supply unit and a lead, wherein the cross arm comprises a main cross arm and an auxiliary cross arm; the bird dung propelling device moves along a preset path on the cross arm and vertically drips the simulated bird dung liquid downwards at each dripping position on the preset path in sequence; after the simulated bird dung drips from the dripping position, detecting whether a flashover phenomenon caused by the simulated bird dung occurs through a power supply unit and recording; and analyzing the occurrence condition of the flashover phenomenon according to the dropping position to obtain a flashover protection range, wherein the center of the flashover protection range is positioned on the central axis of the insulator, and the flashover protection range approaches to an elliptical area. The invention also provides a device for measuring the bird droppings flashover protection range of the power transmission line.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electricity, in particular to a measuring method and a measuring device for a bird droppings flashover protection range of a power transmission line.
Background
Bird-related fault prevention and control are important contents of disaster prevention and reduction of overhead transmission lines, the number of bird-related faults is second to lightning stroke and external force damage in tripping faults of the overhead transmission lines with 110kV or more in a power grid, and due to the fact that the voltage grade of the 110kV transmission lines is not high, the insulation distance is short, and compared with lines with higher voltage grades, the bird dung flashover events are more in times and higher in probability. The bird droppings flashover event is tripping caused by bird droppings, namely the bird droppings are attached to the surface of an insulator of a power transmission line, soluble substances of the bird droppings are gradually dissolved in water under a humid condition, and a conductive film is formed on the insulating surface, so that the insulating level of the insulator is greatly reduced, and a strong discharge phenomenon appears under the action of an electric field; or bird droppings are drawn into wires in the air, so that the insulation distance between the high-voltage end and the low-voltage end is reduced, even the high-voltage end and the low-voltage end are directly short-circuited, the caused line flashover trip-out seriously influences the operation reliability and safety of the power transmission line.
At present, the measures for preventing bird damage of the power transmission line comprise installing a bird-proof cover, a bird-proof baffle plate and a bird-proof thorn, and installing a large-disc-diameter umbrella skirt, an electronic bird frightening device and a high-voltage-end insulating sleeve, so that although a good prevention and control effect is obtained, the life safety of birds is not considered preferentially; in addition, the protection range of bird droppings flashover is generally considered to be a circle with the center of an insulator as the center of a circle, for a 110kV power transmission line, the radius of the circle is not more than 0.3m, and a bird droppings flashover test is usually carried out in a laboratory in the range: building a suspension insulator and a simulation lead of a simulation cross arm platform; determining a bird dung simulator, and placing the bird dung simulator on a simulation cross arm platform; applying actual transmission line operating voltage to the lead; dropping a bird droppings simulant; observing and recording flashover probability; moving the bird dung along the cross arm direction, and repeating the test until flashover does not occur any more; the largest distance from the dropping position of the bird droppings to the insulation center without flashover is the radius of the protection circle. However, in practice, the cross arm of the transmission tower is much wider relative to the outer contour of the insulator, birds may stay at any position on the cross arm to drain, and the lead, the hardware and the grading ring at the high-voltage end are not in a central symmetry structure but in an axial symmetry structure. It is inaccurate to consider only the circular range obtained by moving the bird dung in one direction.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method and a device for measuring and calculating the bird droppings flashover protection range of a power transmission line, which can determine the risk range of flashover tripping of the power transmission line possibly caused by bird excretion, which needs important protection in actual power transmission line operation, through qualitative analysis of a simulation test and quantitative analysis of simulation calculation, reduce the protection blind area, and provide a basis for structural design or optimized modification of a novel bird-preventing device, thereby improving the reliability and safety of power transmission line operation.
The technical scheme adopted by the embodiment of the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a method for measuring and calculating a bird droppings flashover protection range of a power transmission line comprises the following steps:
the device comprises an insulator, a cross arm arranged above the insulator, a bird dung propelling device moving on the cross arm, a hardware fitting connected below the insulator, a power supply unit and a lead connected between the power supply unit and the hardware fitting, wherein the cross arm comprises a main cross arm and an auxiliary cross arm connected with the main cross arm and arranged perpendicular to the main cross arm, and the cross arm is grounded;
the bird dung propelling device moves along a preset path on the cross arm and vertically drips the simulated bird dung liquid downwards at each dripping position on the preset path in sequence;
after the simulated bird dung liquid drops from the dropping position, detecting whether a flashover phenomenon caused by the simulated bird dung liquid occurs or not through the power supply unit and recording;
analyzing and obtaining a flashover protection range according to the dropping position and the occurrence condition of the corresponding flashover phenomenon, wherein the center of the flashover protection range is positioned on the central axis of the insulator and the flashover protection range approaches to an elliptical area;
establishing a three-dimensional simulation model of the measuring device in a computer;
inputting material parameters of each part in the three-dimensional simulation model;
simulating and calculating a curve relation graph between the distance between the bird droping channel and the central axis of the insulator and the average field intensity value of the wire on the shortest breakdown path when the wire and the bird droping channel form different dropping angles;
and analyzing the critical distance corresponding to each dripping angle according to the curve relation diagram, and drawing the flashover protection range to verify the accuracy of the flashover protection range.
Preferably, the range of the predetermined path includes the area of the main cross arm and the area of the auxiliary cross arm, the bird dung propelling device moves along the predetermined path on the cross arm, and the simulated bird dung liquid is dripped vertically downwards at each dripping position in sequence, and the simulated bird dung liquid comprises:
and the bird dung propelling device drops for N times at the dropping position and then moves to the next dropping position to drop the simulated bird dung liquid.
Preferably, simulation bird droppings liquid drop whole course orbit set is called bird droppings passageway, bird droppings passageway with the plane that the axis of insulator becomes is the droping plane, the wire with the plane that the axis of insulator becomes is the wire plane, the droping plane with the wire plane becomes angle for the angle of dripping, along with the adjustment in wire position makes the angle of dripping adjusts to 0 °, 30 °, 60 ° and 90 respectively.
Preferably, the distance between the dropping position and the central axis of the insulator is the length between the dropping position and the central axis of the insulator, and the flashover protection range obtained by analyzing the dropping position and the corresponding flashover occurrence condition includes:
calculating the probability of the flashover phenomenon of the simulated bird droppings at each dropping position;
removing all the dripping position data with the probability value of zero, and acquiring the critical distance of the flashover phenomenon when the bird dung propelling device carries out the dripping operation along each dripping angle according to the rest dripping position data;
and drawing the flashover protection range according to the critical distance corresponding to each dripping angle.
Preferably, the analyzing the critical distance corresponding to each of the dropping angles according to the curve relation diagram, and the drawing the flashover protection range includes:
determining a typical non-uniform gap breakdown field strength value according to the curve relation graph;
acquiring intersection point coordinates of curves intersected with the typical nonuniform gap breakdown field strength values;
and drawing the flashover protection range according to the intersection point coordinates.
Preferably, in the measuring apparatus, the cross arm has a length of 1500mm, a width of 40mm and a height of 2500mm, the lead has a length of 1500mm and a diameter of 25mm, and the power supply unit applies a constant voltage of 67kV to the lead in a test.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a device for measuring the bird dung flashover protection range of the power transmission line, which comprises an insulator, a cross arm arranged above the insulator, a bird dung propelling device moving on the cross arm, a hardware connected below the insulator, a power supply unit and a wire used for connecting the power supply unit and the hardware, wherein the cross arm is grounded, the cross arm comprises a main cross arm and an auxiliary cross arm connected with the main cross arm and vertically arranged with the main cross arm, the bird dung propelling device moves on the main cross arm and the auxiliary cross arm along the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, a hook is arranged below the intersection of the main cross arm and the auxiliary cross arm, and the insulator is suspended on the hook.
Preferably, the power supply unit is configured to detect whether the insulator has a flashover phenomenon, and includes a transformer, a voltage regulator, a protection resistor, and a voltage divider, where the voltage regulator is connected to an external power supply, the transformer is connected to the voltage regulator, one end of the transformer is grounded, the other end of the transformer is connected to the protection resistor, one end of the wire is connected to the protection resistor, and the other end of the wire is connected to the voltage divider, and the protection resistor is a protection water resistor;
the insulator is a composite insulator;
the bird droppings propelling device is arranged on an auxiliary support, and the auxiliary support moves along the main cross arm and the auxiliary cross arm;
bird droppings advancing device include the gas holder, with the bird droppings jar that the gas holder gas outlet is connected, the air inlet of gas holder is connected to the air pump, the below of bird droppings jar is provided with a pagoda shape and connects, the bird droppings jar is used for the storage simulation bird droppings liquid, during the air pump pressurization, the gas holder passes through the gas outlet to the bird droppings jar exerts pressure, makes simulation bird droppings liquid passes through the vertical drippage of pagoda shape joint.
Preferably, the simulated bird dung liquid is prepared from eggs, sodium chloride, glue, diatomite and water, the preparation proportion of the simulated bird dung liquid is 1 egg, 3g diatomite, 30ml glue, 20ml water and 0.6g sodium chloride, the conductivity of the simulated bird dung liquid is 6mS/cm, and the viscosity of the simulated bird dung liquid is 25.4 mPa & s;
preferably, simulation bird droppings liquid is followed bird droppings jar whole journey orbit set is called bird droppings passageway, bird droppings passageway with the plane that the axis of insulator becomes is the plane of dripping, the wire with the plane that the axis of insulator becomes is the wire plane, drip the plane with the wire plane becomes the angle of dripping, along with the adjustment in wire position makes the angle of dripping adjust respectively to 0 °, 30 °, 60 and 90.
According to the technical scheme, the method for measuring and calculating the bird droppings flashover protection range of the power transmission line and the device for measuring and calculating the bird droppings flashover protection range provided by the embodiment of the invention can determine the risk range of flashover tripping of the power transmission line possibly caused by bird excretion, which needs important protection in actual power transmission line operation, through simulation test qualitative analysis and simulation calculation quantitative analysis, reduce the protection blind area, provide a basis for structural design or optimization and reconstruction of a novel bird prevention device, and thus improve the reliability and safety of power transmission line operation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for measuring and calculating a bird droppings flashover protection range of a power transmission line according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a device for measuring a bird droppings flashover protection range of a power transmission line according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a structural view of a bird dung propelling device 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement manner of the bird dung propelling device 3 for realizing dropping simulation of bird dung at different angles according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a relationship between a simulated bird droppings drop point and a central axis of the insulator 1 in a predetermined track during a test according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the distance from the dropping point to the central axis of the insulator 1 at different angles and the flashover probability according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a graph of the drop pitch versus the average field strength of the wire 6 over the shortest breakdown path according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is an exemplary diagram of flashover protection range of a 110kV power transmission line according to an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: insulator 1, cross arm 2, bird droppings advancing device 3, gold utensil 4, wire 6, main cross arm 21, vice cross arm 22, couple 7, bird droppings dripping passage 8, transformer 51, voltage regulator 52, protection resistance 53, voltage divider 54, gas holder 31, bird droppings jar 32, pagoda shape connects 33, manual ball valve 34, air inlet 35, gas outlet 36.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme and the technical effect of the invention are further elaborated in the following by combining the drawings of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a device for measuring the bird dung flashover protection range of a power transmission line, as shown in fig. 2, for implementing the method shown in fig. 1, wherein the measuring device comprises an insulator 1, a cross arm 2 arranged above the insulator 1, a bird dung propelling device 3 moving on the cross arm 2, a hardware 4 connected below the insulator 1, a power supply unit, and a conducting wire 6 connected between the power supply unit and the hardware 4, wherein the cross arm 2 comprises a main cross arm 21 and an auxiliary cross arm 22 connected to the main cross arm 212 and arranged perpendicular to the main cross arm 21, the bird dung propelling device 3 moves on the main cross arm 21 and the auxiliary cross arm 22 in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, a hook 7 is arranged below the intersection of the main cross arm 21 and the auxiliary cross arm 22, and the insulator 1 is suspended on the hook 7.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the power supply unit is configured to detect whether an insulator 1 has a flashover phenomenon, and specifically includes a transformer 51, a voltage regulator 52, a protection resistor 53, and a voltage divider 54, where the voltage regulator 52 is connected to an external power supply, the transformer 51 is connected to the voltage regulator 52, one end of the transformer 51 is grounded, the other end is connected to the protection resistor 53, and one end of the wire 6 is connected to the protection resistor 53, and the other end is connected to the voltage divider 54. The protection resistor 53 is a protection water resistor.
A bird dung propelling device 3 shown in fig. 3, which is used for simulating the excretion process of bird dung, is arranged on an auxiliary bracket, is driven by the auxiliary bracket, and moves along a main cross arm 21 and an auxiliary cross arm 22 along the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction; the bird droppings propelling device 3 comprises a gas storage tank 31 and a bird droppings tank 32 connected with a gas outlet 36 of the gas storage tank 31, wherein a gas inlet 35 of the gas storage tank 31 is connected to a gas pump, a manual ball valve 34 for adding simulated bird droppings is arranged above the bird droppings tank 31, a pagoda-shaped joint 33 is arranged below the bird droppings tank 31, the bird droppings tank 34 is used for storing the simulated bird droppings, and when the gas pump is pressurized, the gas storage tank 31 applies pressure to the bird droppings tank 32 through the gas outlet 36, so that the simulated bird droppings vertically drop through the pagoda-shaped joint 34.
The measuring device shown in FIG. 2 is an example of a 110kV transmission line, and the cross arm is 1500mm long, 40mm wide and 2500mm high; the length of the lead is 1500mm, and the diameter is 25 mm; the transformer 51 is an ultra-light test transformer with the model of YD- (CQ) -J-30, the output rated voltage is 100kV, the rated current is 0.3A, the input voltage range is 0-400V, the output voltage range is 0-100kV, and a inching boosting method is used for pressurizing the measuring device in the test process; the voltage regulator 52 adopts a TDGC2J-20 type voltage regulator, the rated capacity is 20kVA, the input voltage is 220V, and the output voltage is 0-250V; the AC-DC voltage divider 54 adopts a model of FBC100, rated voltage AC/DC100kV and rated transformation ratio of 10000: 1; the protection resistor 53 is a water resistor having a resistance of 130k Ω. In the test, the power supply unit applied a constant voltage of 67kV (1.05 times the actual operating phase voltage) to the wire 6; the insulator 1 is a composite insulator with the model of FXBW4-110/100, the upper end of the composite insulator is hung under the cross arm 2 through a hook 7 on the grounded cross arm 2, and the lower end of the composite insulator is connected with a lead 6 through a hardware fitting 4.
In the embodiment of the invention, the whole dropping trajectory of the simulated bird dung liquid is integrated to be called a bird dung dropping channel, the conductivity of each parameter of the simulated bird dung liquid determines the resistance value of the bird dung channel, and the viscosity of the simulated bird dung liquid determines the maximum length of the bird dung dropping channel and the continuity of the channel. In order to better fit practical situations to carry out simulation experiments, the embodiment of the invention provides a novel synthetic scheme for simulating bird dung liquid, which is characterized in that eggs, NaCl, 108 glue, diatomite and water are prepared according to a certain proportion, wherein the eggs can simulate substances containing N in the bird dung, the NaCl is used for simulating soluble substances in the bird dung and adjusting the conductivity, the diatomite is used for simulating insoluble solid substances in the bird dung, and the 108 glue is matched with the eggs to adjust the viscosity. The preparation proportion of the simulated bird dung liquid is 1 egg, 3g of diatomite, 30ml of glue, 20ml of water and 0.6g of sodium chloride, and the simulated bird dung liquid is prepared according to the proportion, so that the conductivity of the obtained simulated bird dung liquid is 6mS/cm, the viscosity of the obtained simulated bird dung liquid is 25.4 mPa & s, and the actual effects of the conductivity and the viscosity of the actual bird dung can be more reduced through the proportion.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring and calculating a bird dung flashover protection range of a power transmission line, where a measuring device used for implementing the process shown in fig. 3 is the device shown in fig. 2 to 3, and by the method of the embodiment of the present invention, the accuracy of the bird dung flashover protection range can be improved. The specific implementation steps comprise:
step S1, constructing a device for measuring the bird dung flashover protection range in the power transmission line;
step S2, in the measuring apparatus, the bird dung propelling device 3 moves along the predetermined path on the cross arm 2, and drops the simulated bird dung liquid vertically downwards at each dropping position on the predetermined path in sequence;
step S3, after the simulated bird dung drips from the dripping position, detecting whether a flashover phenomenon caused by the simulated bird dung is generated or not through a power supply unit and recording the flashover phenomenon;
and step S4, analyzing and obtaining a flashover protection range according to the dropping position and the corresponding flashover phenomenon occurrence condition, wherein the center of the flashover protection range is positioned on the central axis of the insulator 1, and the flashover protection range approaches to an elliptical area.
Step S5, establishing a three-dimensional simulation model of the measuring device in a computer;
step S6, inputting material parameters of each part in the three-dimensional simulation model;
step S7, a curve relation graph between the distance between the bird droping channel and the central axis of the insulator and the average field intensity value of the wire on the shortest breakdown path is simulated and calculated when the wire and the bird droping channel form different dropping angles;
and step S8, analyzing the critical distance corresponding to each dripping angle according to the curve relation diagram, and drawing the flashover protection range to verify the accuracy of the flashover protection range.
In step S2, the predetermined path is a predetermined moving track of the bird dung propelling device 3 on the main cross arm 21 and the auxiliary cross arm 22, and the simulated bird dung can be dripped at different relative positions by adjusting the wire orientation of the bird dung propelling device 3, so that the purpose of dripping the simulated bird dung at a plurality of angles can be achieved. For example, the bird droppings dropping path 8 can be called as a bird droppings dropping path by collecting the whole bird droppings dropping path, the plane formed by the bird droppings dropping path 8 and the central axis of the insulator 1 is a dropping plane, the plane formed by the central axis of the conductor 6 and the insulator 1 is a conductor plane, the angle formed by the dropping plane and the conductor plane is a dropping angle, and along with the adjustment of the conductor direction, the dropping angle can be adjusted to any angle, so that the possibility of random dropping of bird droppings in the simulation practical application is realized. As shown in fig. 4, by changing the relative position relationship between the lead 6 and the main cross arm 21, the embodiment of the present invention combines four angles of 0 °, 30 °, 60 ° and 90 ° as the dropping angle for measuring the flashover protection range.
In the experiment, as shown in fig. 5, step S3 is to adjust the dropping angle, and then the dropping device 3 drops the simulated bird dung along the cross arm 2 in sequence, and drops the simulated bird dung N times at each dropping point in the predetermined trajectory, and then moves to the next dropping position to drop the simulated bird dung. For example, each dropping point can be set to perform 10 tests, 10 times of simulated bird dung liquid are continuously dropped, 30ml of simulated bird dung liquid is dropped at each time, and the situation of flashover phenomenon after each dropping of simulated bird dung liquid is dropped along with the approaching and keeping away of the distance between the bird dung dropping device 3 and the central axis of the insulator 1 is observed and recorded until the bird dung dropping device 3 is far away from the same dropping point and N times of tests do not occur flashover phenomenon.
Finally, step S4 collates the test results: counting the probability of flashover after each drop drops the analog bird dung liquid, generating a curve chart as shown in fig. 6, wherein the distance D of the horizontal axis in fig. 6 is directly drawn from 12 to represent the radius length of the insulator 1, the dropping angle corresponding to the line with the flashover probability of being constant 100% in fig. 6 is 0 degree, and the angles corresponding to the curve chart from left to right are sequentially 90 degrees, 60 degrees and 30 degrees; removing all the dripping position data with the probability value of zero, and acquiring the critical distance of the bird dung propelling device which generates the flashover phenomenon when the bird dung propelling device carries out the dripping operation along each dripping angle according to the rest dripping position data, namely the horizontal axis coordinate value of each angle curve in the figure 6 when the probability is 0, wherein the horizontal axis coordinate value is taken as the critical distance of the flashover phenomenon of the corresponding angle; and drawing a flashover protection range according to the critical distance corresponding to each dropping angle, wherein the flashover protection range obtained through the actual operation is approximate to an oval shape, and the long axis of the oval is the direction of the lead 6.
The tests in steps S1-S4 are a scheme for qualitatively determining the flashover protection range, and further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the flashover protection range is quantitatively calculated in a simulation calculation manner through steps S5-S8, and the specific test steps are as follows: establishing a three-dimensional simulation model of the measuring device shown in FIG. 2 in a computer by COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software; inputting material parameters of each part in the three-dimensional simulation model in a computer, wherein the material parameters are shown in a table 1; when the wire 6 is electrically connected with the cross arm through the bird droppings liquid, the whole test device forms a loop, and a curve relation graph between the dropping distance of the central axes of the bird droppings dropping channel 8 and the insulator 1 and the average field intensity value of the wire 6 on the shortest breakdown path is simulated and calculated when different dropping angles are formed between the wire 6 and the bird droppings dropping channel 8, as shown in a curve graph shown in fig. 7; and analyzing the critical distance corresponding to each dripping angle according to the curve relation diagram, and drawing a flashover protection range. The curves shown in fig. 7 take the average field strength variation at four angles as an example, and in actual operation, the average field strength variation needs to be calculated every 5 ° from 0 ° to 90 °.
| Material | Relative dielectric constant | Electrical conductivity of |
| Air (a) | 1.0 | 8×10-18 |
| Insulator umbrella skirt | 3 | 10-13 |
| Insulator core rod | 3.5 | 7×10-13 |
| Hardware fitting | / | 107 |
Table 1 simulation model material parameters
Because the bird dung flashover time is extremely short, the electric field at the moment of flashover can be considered to be almost unchanged, and the average electric field between the bottom end of the bird dung channel and the high-voltage end nearest to the bottom end of the bird dung channel is calculated by adopting an electrostatic field module in finite element simulation software under different conditions, as shown in fig. 7; acquiring the intersection point coordinate of a curve intersected with the typical uneven gap breakdown field strength value of 5.66kV/cm, wherein as shown in FIG. 7, the abscissa of the intersection point of the curve with the dripping angle of 45 degrees and the typical uneven gap breakdown field strength value of 5.66kV/cm is 34cm, the abscissa of the intersection point of the curve with the dripping angle of 15 degrees and the typical uneven gap breakdown field strength value of 5.66kV/cm is 44cm, and the abscissa of the intersection point of the curve with the dripping angle of 0 degrees and the typical uneven gap breakdown field strength value of 5.66kV/cm is 78 cm; drawing a flashover protection range according to the coordinates of the intersection point, as shown in fig. 8, the center of the coordinate system of fig. 8 is the position of the suspension point of the insulator 1, the circle taking the center of the coordinate system as the center of the circle in the drawing represents the edge of the outer umbrella skirt of the insulator 1, the abscissa-60 to +60 represents the edge of the cross arm 2, the dropping point is located outside the range of the intersection point shown in fig. 7, the received field intensity value is 0, in the range of the intersection point, the dropping point is close to the central axis of the insulator 1, the received field intensity value is increased, and the edge line shown in the drawing is the flashover protection range. In fig. 8, when the included angle between the bird droppings plane and the wire plane is 0 °, the critical distance is theoretically infinitely long, but the size of the actual cross arm 2 is limited, and the range outside the cross arm 2 does not need to be protected, so the maximum protection range is limited by the cross arm 2, and the flashover protection range is fitted according to the critical distance discrete point diagram under different angles as shown in fig. 8.
By combining simulation test and simulation calculation, the bird dung flashover protection range can be more accurately determined, and the risk of real birds on the operation of the line after defecation above the power transmission line is simulated; the preparation method of the simulated bird dung liquid provided by the embodiment of the invention is more scientific, and the prepared bird dung simulated liquid can reduce actual bird dung; the shape of the protection range is determined qualitatively by adopting a test, the specific information of the protection range is determined quantitatively by adopting simulation calculation, and the test conclusion and the simulation conclusion are verified mutually, so that the result is more convincing.
According to the method for measuring and calculating the flashover protection range of the bird droppings of the power transmission line, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the risk range of flashover tripping of the power transmission line possibly caused by bird excretion, which needs to be mainly protected in actual power transmission line operation, can be determined through qualitative analysis of a simulation test and quantitative analysis of simulation calculation, the protection blind area is reduced, a basis is provided for structural design or optimization and reconstruction of a novel bird-preventing device, and therefore, the reliability and the safety of power transmission line operation are improved.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for measuring and calculating a bird droppings flashover protection range of a power transmission line is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the device comprises an insulator, a cross arm arranged above the insulator, a bird dung propelling device moving on the cross arm, a hardware fitting connected below the insulator, a power supply unit and a lead connected between the power supply unit and the hardware fitting, wherein the cross arm comprises a main cross arm and an auxiliary cross arm connected with the main cross arm and arranged perpendicular to the main cross arm, and the cross arm is grounded;
the bird dung propelling device moves along a preset path on the cross arm and vertically drips the simulated bird dung liquid downwards at each dripping position on the preset path in sequence;
after the simulated bird dung liquid drops from the dropping position, detecting whether a flashover phenomenon caused by the simulated bird dung liquid occurs or not through the power supply unit and recording;
analyzing and obtaining a flashover protection range according to the dropping position and the occurrence condition of the corresponding flashover phenomenon, wherein the center of the flashover protection range is positioned on the central axis of the insulator and the flashover protection range approaches to an elliptical area;
establishing a three-dimensional simulation model of the measuring device in a computer;
inputting material parameters of each part in the three-dimensional simulation model;
simulating and calculating a curve relation graph between the distance between the bird droping channel and the central axis of the insulator and the average field intensity value of the wire on the shortest breakdown path when the wire and the bird droping channel form different dropping angles;
and analyzing the critical distance corresponding to each dripping angle according to the curve relation diagram, and drawing the flashover protection range to verify the accuracy of the flashover protection range.
2. The method for measuring and calculating the bird droppings flashover protection range of the power transmission line according to claim 1, wherein the range of the predetermined path comprises the area where the main cross arm is located and the area where the auxiliary cross arm is located,
the bird dung propulsion unit moves along a preset path on the cross arm and vertically drips the simulated bird dung liquid downwards at each dripping position in sequence, and the bird dung propulsion unit comprises:
and the bird dung propelling device drops for N times at the dropping position and then moves to the next dropping position to drop the simulated bird dung liquid.
3. The method for measuring and calculating the bird dung flashover protection range of the power transmission line according to claim 2, wherein the set of the whole bird dung dropping trajectory is called a bird dung dropping channel, a plane formed by the bird dung dropping channel and the central axis of the insulator is a dropping plane, a plane formed by the wire and the central axis of the insulator is a wire plane, an angle formed by the dropping plane and the wire plane is a dropping angle, and the dropping angle is adjusted to be 0 degrees, 30 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees along with the adjustment of the wire direction.
4. A method for measuring and calculating the bird droppings flashover protection range of the power transmission line according to claim 3, wherein the distance between the dropping position and the central axis of the insulator is the length between the dropping position and the central axis of the insulator, and the obtaining of the flashover protection range according to the dropping position and the occurrence condition of the corresponding flashover phenomenon through analysis comprises the following steps:
calculating the probability of the flashover phenomenon of the simulated bird droppings at each dropping position;
removing all the dripping position data with the probability value of zero, and acquiring the critical distance of the flashover phenomenon when the bird dung propelling device carries out the dripping operation along each dripping angle according to the rest dripping position data;
and drawing the flashover protection range according to the critical distance corresponding to each dripping angle.
5. The method for measuring and calculating the bird droppings flashover protection range of the power transmission line according to claim 1, wherein the step of analyzing the critical distance corresponding to each dropping angle according to the curve relation diagram and drawing the flashover protection range comprises the following steps:
determining a typical non-uniform gap breakdown field strength value according to the curve relation graph;
acquiring intersection point coordinates of curves intersected with the typical nonuniform gap breakdown field strength values;
and drawing the flashover protection range according to the intersection point coordinates.
6. The method for measuring and calculating the bird droppings flashover protection range of the power transmission line according to claim 1, wherein in the measuring device, the cross arm is 1500mm long, 40mm wide and 2500mm high, the lead is 1500mm long and 25mm diameter, and in the test, the power supply unit applies 67kV constant voltage to the lead.
7. The utility model provides a survey device of transmission line bird droppings flashover protection scope, its characterized in that includes the insulator, set up in the cross arm of insulator top bird droppings advancing device that moves on the cross arm, connect in gold utensil, the electrical unit of insulator below and be used for connecting electrical unit with the wire of gold utensil, cross arm ground connection, the cross arm include main cross arm and connect in main cross arm and with the vice cross arm of main cross arm looks perpendicular setting, bird droppings advancing device is in main cross arm with remove along horizontal and vertical two directions on the vice cross arm, main cross arm with the junction below of vice cross arm is provided with a couple, the insulator suspends in midair on the couple.
8. The apparatus for determining the bird droppings flashover protection range of an electric transmission line according to claim 7,
the power supply unit is used for detecting whether the insulator has a flashover phenomenon or not, and comprises a transformer, a voltage regulator, a protection resistor and a voltage divider, wherein the voltage regulator is connected to an external power supply, the transformer is connected with the voltage regulator, one end of the transformer is grounded, the other end of the transformer is connected with the protection resistor, one end of a wire is connected to the protection resistor, the other end of the wire is connected to the voltage divider, and the protection resistor is a protection water resistor;
the insulator is a composite insulator;
the bird droppings propelling device is arranged on an auxiliary support, and the auxiliary support moves along the main cross arm and the auxiliary cross arm;
bird manure advancing device include the gas holder, with the bird manure jar that the gas holder gas outlet is connected, the air inlet of gas holder is connected to the air pump, bird manure jar top is provided with the manual ball valve that is used for adding simulation bird manure liquid, the below of bird manure jar is provided with a pagoda shape and connects, bird manure jar is used for the storage simulation bird manure liquid, during the air pump pressurization, the gas holder passes through the gas outlet to bird manure jar pressure is exerted, makes simulation bird manure liquid passes through the vertical drippage of pagoda shape joint.
9. The apparatus for determining the bird droppings flashover protection range of an electric transmission line according to claim 7,
the simulated bird dung liquid is prepared from eggs, sodium chloride, glue, diatomite and water, wherein the preparation proportion of the simulated bird dung liquid is 1 egg, 3g of diatomite, 30ml of glue, 20ml of water and 0.6g of sodium chloride, the conductivity of the simulated bird dung liquid is 6mS/cm, and the viscosity of the simulated bird dung liquid is 25.4 mPa.
10. The apparatus for determining the bird droppings flashover protection range of an electric transmission line according to claim 7,
simulation bird droppings liquid is followed bird droppings jar whole track set of driping is called bird droppings passageway, bird droppings passageway with the plane that the axis of insulator becomes is the plane of driping, the wire with the plane that the axis of insulator becomes is the wire plane, the plane of driping with the wire plane becomes angle for the angle of driping, along with the adjustment in wire position makes the angle of driping adjusts to 0 °, 30 °, 60 and 90 respectively.
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