CN112782121A - Multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index online measuring device and method - Google Patents
Multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index online measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112782121A CN112782121A CN202011561816.3A CN202011561816A CN112782121A CN 112782121 A CN112782121 A CN 112782121A CN 202011561816 A CN202011561816 A CN 202011561816A CN 112782121 A CN112782121 A CN 112782121A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index online measuring device and method. The device comprises a laser, a collimation light path, a scattering light path, a photoelectric detector and a signal processing circuit. The collimation light path comprises an aspherical mirror and a cylindrical mirror. The scattering optical path includes a mirror, a dichroic mirror, and a focusing lens. Two or more paths of lasers are adopted to be collimated by a collimating system, and forward and backward scattered light is collected by four detectors to realize synchronous online measurement of particle size and refractive index of particles. The method is simple, does not need manual operation, can realize accurate measurement of the particle size and the refractive index of the particles in a wider particle size range, and provides a new method for real-time online measurement of the physical and chemical properties of the atmospheric particles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric particulate optical detection, in particular to a multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index online measuring device and method.
Background
Atmospheric particulates are one of the important pollutants affecting the quality of ambient air; is the key point influencing the atmospheric radiation balance of the earth and even the global climate; is also one of the main harm factors affecting human health. Therefore, the development of atmospheric particulate monitoring technology is particularly important. The particle size distribution of the particles is an important characteristic of the atmospheric particles, and particularly, the measurement of the number concentration is important, and the measurement of the particle concentration spectrum distribution is also the basis for observing the characteristics of the atmospheric particles. In order to measure the distribution of the number of particles and the concentration spectrum, the number of particles and the concentration must be accurately measured, and an optical counting method is mostly adopted. Its principle is that utilizing photoelectric detector to pass through the light beam to produce scattered light signal to the particulate matter and measuring, the back light signal just obtains the particle size, simultaneously through ingenious design particulate matter spout, makes the particulate matter loop through the light beam with the single granule form, counts scattered light signal's pulse, and the back obtains the number concentration of particulate matter. The method has the advantages of accurate measurement, high precision, simple structure and non-contact rapid measurement capability, and gradually becomes one of the mainstream measurement methods of the particle counter.
Over the past three decades, optical particle counter technology has developed rapidly and maturely, moving toward miniature, higher precision, higher efficiency, higher concentration applications. Commercial instruments were also introduced successively by companies such as TSI, Met one, Grimm, germany, garland, japan, and the like. For example, Met one corporation in the United states has developed a 100LPM high flow optical particle counter by modifying the air inlet. The advent of drones, after the 21 st century, especially after 2010, has advanced the development of optical particle counters. By carrying the optical particle counter on unmanned aerial vehicle, can provide the more accurate distribution information of aerosol in whole atmosphere to along with the development of technique, scientific research personnel have developed various optical particle counters that have high performance and complexity design and have satisfied the needs that the atmosphere surveyed, for example the 0.14 micron lower limit of surveying that 2016 research laboratory of U.S. national oceans and atmosphere administration local sphere system, 2016 national orland university scientific research personnel of 2016 realized no lens light path particle diameter measuring novel optical particle counter. The emergence of these technologies has driven further development and application of optical particle counting. However, in the aspect of online monitoring of the atmospheric particulates, the light scattering technology has the following problems and disadvantages: (1) the particle size and the number concentration of the atmospheric particulates can be measured by optical particle counting, but synchronous measurement of the particle size and the refractive index of the atmospheric particulates is difficult to realize; (2) the existing light scattering particle size measurement result is easily influenced by parameters such as particle refractive index and particle shape, so that the particle size measurement range and accuracy are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index on-line measuring device and method based on a light scattering principle, which can solve the defects in the prior art and realize real-time non-contact measurement of particle size and refractive index.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index on-line measuring device comprises a laser, a collimation system, a scattering system, a detector, a signal processing circuit and a computer; laser emitted by two or more paths of lasers is collimated by a collimating system and then is incident on particles, four groups of scattered light with forward directions of 10-30 degrees and backward directions of 150-170 degrees are obtained, and the scattered light passes through a reflector and is split by a dichroic mirror and then is incident in four groups of detectors; four groups of detectors receive optical signals I1、I2、I3、I4Respectively converted into electric signals and input into a signal processing circuit, the signal processing circuit amplifies the signal variation and amplifies the signal peak value P1、P2、P3、P4Respectively input into a computer, and the computer converts the peak value P1、P2、P3、P4And pre-calculationThe data in the database are compared in real time, and the quadruple with the closest response value is found by the least square method, so that the size of the particle to be measured and the real part and the imaginary part of the refractive index are obtained; the collimation system is provided with two or more paths, including an aspherical mirror, a cylindrical mirror and a diaphragm; the aspherical mirror, the cylindrical mirror and the diaphragm are coaxially arranged;
the scattering system is provided with two or more paths, and comprises a reflecting mirror, a dichroic mirror and a focusing lens; the mirrors include a forward mirror and a backward mirror;
furthermore, the laser adopts a semiconductor laser to output laser with stable light intensity so as to improve the particle size measurement precision of atmospheric particulates.
Furthermore, the two lasers respectively adopt blue light lasers and green light lasers, so that the dichroic mirror can split light conveniently.
Furthermore, the aspherical mirror and the cylindrical mirror are made of PMMA.
Further, the scattering angle of the forward reflector is 10-30 degrees.
Further, the scattering angle of the backward reflecting mirror is 150-170 degrees.
Further, the dichroic mirror is placed at an angle of 45 degrees, and wavelength splitting is achieved.
Further, the sampling particulate matters are required to ensure a single light path to realize the real-time measurement and analysis of the particle size and the refractive index of the single atmospheric particulate matters.
The invention also provides a method for carrying out optical particle counting and on-line measurement of the refractive index of the particulate matter, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, randomly generating particles with different particle sizes, real refractive index parts and imaginary refractive index parts by using a Monte Carlo algorithm, calculating four groups of responses of forward and backward scattered light of different particles under the irradiation of green light and blue light, and combining to obtain a primary particle scattering database;
secondly, enabling the standard particulate matters to pass through the laser beam in sequence, collecting forward and backward scattered light of the laser by four groups of detectors, and obtaining a standard particulate matter signal peak by a signal processing circuit and a computerValue P1、P2、P3、P4；
Thirdly, calculating a standard particulate matter signal peak value P1、P2、P3、P4Obtaining a scale factor through third-order linear fitting according to the relation between the particle scattering database signal and the particle scattering database signal;
and fourthly, measuring single particle scattered light signals passing through the laser spots in the sampling process, comparing four data of the detector with a pre-calculated evaluation table consisting of four columns in real time, and finding out the quadruple with the closest response value by a least square method to obtain the particle size of the particles to be detected and the real part and imaginary part of the refractive index.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index measuring device has the characteristics of simple structure, convenience in operation, no need of artificial film sampling and the like, and realizes the function of synchronously measuring the refractive index of the particle size of the atmospheric particulate matter by the positive correlation of the scattering signal and the particle size of the particulate matter under small-angle light scattering and the positive correlation of the scattering signal and the refractive index under large-angle light scattering. The method plays a good technical support role in analyzing the change characteristics and sources of the atmospheric fine particles.
(2) The multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index measuring device optimizes and improves a collimation light path, compresses the laser width at a focus, effectively improves the lower limit of particle size measurement, and reduces the false alarm rate.
(3) According to the multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index measuring device, a scattering light path is built, one particulate matter obtains four groups of detector signals, and the four groups of signals are analyzed and verified, so that the measurement accuracy of the particle size and the refractive index is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index on-line measuring device according to the present invention;
wherein:
1. 532nm green laser, 2, green aspherical mirror, 3, green cylindrical mirror, 4, green diaphragm, 5, green forward reflector, 6, blue backward reflector, 7, green backward reflector, 8, blue forward reflector, 9, blue diaphragm, 10, blue cylindrical mirror, 11, blue aspherical mirror, 12, 450nm blue laser, 13, blue forward detector, 14, blue forward focusing lens, 15, first dichroic mirror, 16, green backward focusing lens, 17, green backward detector, 18, green forward detector, 19, green forward focusing lens, 20, second dichroic mirror, 21, blue backward focusing lens, 22, blue backward detector, 23, signal processing circuit, 24, and computer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention without creative efforts.
The multi-angle on-line optical particle counting and refractive index measuring device shown in fig. 1 comprises a green laser 1, a blue laser 12, a collimation system, a scattering system, a photoelectric detector, a signal processing circuit 23 and a computer 24, wherein the green laser 1 and the blue laser 12 can realize more wavelength incidence by a time division multiplexing technology. The laser emitted by the two-path or multi-path laser is collimated by the collimating system and then is incident on the particles, so that four groups of scattered light including two groups of forward (10-30 degrees) and two groups of backward (150-170 degrees) are obtained, wherein the green light forward scattered light is received by a green light forward detector 18 after passing through a green light forward reflecting mirror 5, a second dichroic mirror 20 and a green light forward focusing lens 19; the green light backward scattered light is received by a green light backward detector 17 after passing through a green light backward reflecting mirror 7, a first dichroic mirror 15 and a green light backward focusing lens 16; the blue forward scattered light is received by a blue forward detector 13 after passing through a blue forward reflecting mirror 8, a first dichroic mirror 15 and a blue forward focusing lens 14; the blue backscattered light passes through the blue retroreflector 6, the second dichroic mirror 20And the blue light backward focusing lens 21 is received by the blue light backward detector 22; four groups of detectors receive optical signals I1、I2、I3、I4Respectively converted into electric signals and input into the signal processing circuit 23, the signal processing circuit 23 amplifies the signal variation and outputs the signal peak value P1、P2、P3、P4Respectively input into the computer 24, and the computer 24 converts the peak value P1、P2、P3、P4And comparing the real-time data with a pre-calculated database in real time, and finding out the quadruple with the closest response value by a least square method to obtain the size of the particle to be detected and the real part and the imaginary part of the refractive index.
The collimation system comprises a green light aspherical mirror 2, a blue light aspherical mirror 11, a green light cylindrical mirror 3, a blue light cylindrical mirror 10, a green light diaphragm 4 and a blue light diaphragm 9; the aspherical mirror, the cylindrical mirror and the diaphragm are coaxially arranged, so that the beam quality can be ensured, the lower limit of particle size measurement is improved, and the false alarm rate is reduced.
The scattering system comprises a green light forward reflecting mirror 5, a blue light backward reflecting mirror 6, a green light backward reflecting mirror 7, a blue light forward reflecting mirror 8, a first dichroic mirror 15, a second dichroic mirror 20, a blue light forward detector 13, a green light backward focusing lens 16, a green light forward focusing lens 19 and a blue light backward focusing lens 21.
Furthermore, the green laser 1 and the blue laser 12 adopt semiconductor lasers, and output lasers with stable light intensity, so as to improve the particle size measurement accuracy of atmospheric particulates.
Furthermore, 532nm and 450nm lasers are adopted for the green laser 1 and the blue laser 12. The light splitting is convenient and the lower limit of the particle size detection is low.
Furthermore, the green aspheric mirror 2, the green cylindrical mirror 3, the blue cylindrical mirror 10 and the blue aspheric mirror 11 are made of PMMA material, so as to achieve the best laser collimation effect.
Further, the scattering angle of the green forward reflector 5 and the blue forward reflector 8 is 10-30 °. According to the Mie scattering simulation result, the scattering signal with the selected angle has a higher positive correlation coefficient with the particle size, and the particle size measurement is facilitated.
Further, the scattering angle of the blue light retroreflector 6 and the green light retroreflector 7 is 150 to 170 °. According to the Mie scattering simulation result, the positive correlation coefficient of the scattering signal and the refractive index at the selected angle is higher, and the refractive index measurement is more facilitated.
Further, the first dichroic mirror 15 and the second dichroic mirror 20 are placed at an angle of 45 °, and according to an experimental result, the angle is more favorable for realizing light splitting of blue light and green light.
Further, the sampling particulate matters are required to ensure a single light path to realize the real-time measurement and analysis of the particle size and the refractive index of the single atmospheric particulate matters.
The invention also relates to a measuring method of the measuring device, which comprises the following steps;
firstly, randomly generating particles with different particle sizes (0.1-10 mu m), refractive index real parts (1.1-2.0) and refractive index imaginary part sizes (0-1) by using a Monte Carlo algorithm, calculating four groups of responses of forward and backward scattered light of different particles under the irradiation of green light and blue light, and combining to obtain a primary particle scattering database;
secondly, enabling standard particulate matters (the standard particulate matters adopt Duke standard particles with the particle diameters of 0.1um, 0.3um, 0.5um, 0.7um, 1.0um, 2.0um, 3.0um, 5.0um and 10um respectively) to sequentially pass through a laser beam, collecting forward and backward scattered light of two lasers through four groups of detectors, and obtaining a standard particulate matter signal peak value P through a signal processing circuit and a computer1、P2、P3、P4；
Thirdly, calculating a standard particulate matter signal peak value P1、P2、P3、P4Obtaining a scale factor through third-order linear fitting according to the relation between the particle scattering database signal and the particle scattering database signal; wherein the fitting formula is that y is B0+ B1 x ^1+ B2 x ^2+ B3 x ^3, y is standard light intensity, x is standard particle size, and B0, B1, B2 and B3 are fitting parameters;
and fourthly, measuring single particle scattered light signals passing through the laser spots in the sampling process, comparing four data of the detector with a pre-calculated evaluation table consisting of four columns in real time, and finding out the quadruple with the closest response value by a least square method to obtain the particle size of the particles to be detected and the real part and imaginary part of the refractive index.
The basic principle of the invention is as follows:
when monochromatic light is incident on the particulate matter along the positive direction of the Z axis, the scattered light intensity can be expressed as:
wherein the relative refractive index is m ═ mp/m1＝n(1-i·η)(mpIs the refractive index of the particles, m1The refractive index of a surrounding medium is adopted, n and eta are respectively a real part and an imaginary part of a complex refractive index, and when the imaginary part exists, the particles have an absorption effect on incident light); alpha is a particle size parameter, when the surrounding medium of the particle is vacuum or air, the refractive index of the surrounding medium is 1, the size parameter is alpha ═ pi D/lambda, lambda is the incident light wavelength, I0Is the incident light intensity, gamma is the scattering angle, r is the distance from the scattering center to the detection point, i1(α，mγ)、i2And (α, m γ) are the intensity distribution functions of the scattered photon vector normal and parallel to the scattering plane, respectively.
i1(α，mγ)＝S1(α，mγ)·S1 *(α，mγ)
i2(α，mγ)＝S2(α，mγ)·S2 *(α，mγ)
Wherein S is1(α,mγ)、S2(α, m γ) is the amplitude function of the scattering, S1 *(α,mγ)、S2 *Each of (. alpha.,. gamma.) is S1(α，mγ)、S2(α, m γ) complex conjugation.
For the expression S of the amplitude function1(α，mγ)、S2(α, m γ) in which al、blCalled Mie scattering coefficient, expressed as follows:
in the above formulal(x)、ξl(x) The calculation formula is represented by Bessel function:
wherein
Being a first class of bezier functions of the order of half an integer,
is a Hankel function of the second kind, ψ'l(x)、ξ′l(x) Respectively represent psil(x)、ξl(x) The respective variables are derived.
Also for the amplitude function expression S1(α，mγ)、S2(α, m γ) in which πl、τlThe expression is as follows:
in the formula, Pl(cosγ)、Pl (1)(cos γ) is the first order legendre function and the first order associated legendre function, respectively, for cos γ.
The above is the theory of Mie scattering part, and the analysis shows that to calculate the scattered light intensity, the function i of scattered light intensity needs to be calculated1(α，mγ)、i2(α, m γ). The key for solving the intensity function is to solve the Mie scattering coefficient al、blAnd scattering angle function pil、τlWherein a isl、blThe function being a function of the relative refractive index m of the particles and the particle size parameter a, pil、τlThe function is a function of the scattering angle γ. In summary, the scattering intensity I of the particles is strongly related to the particle diameter D (size parameter α), the refractive index m and the scattering angle γ. Therefore, the particle size and the refractive index of the particles can be distinguished according to the scattering light intensity I.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a multi-angle optical particle count and online measuring device of refracting index which characterized in that: the device comprises a laser, a collimation system, a scattering system, a detector, a signal processing circuit and a computer; laser emitted by two or more paths of lasers is collimated by a collimating system and then is incident on particles, four groups of scattered light with forward directions of 10-30 degrees and backward directions of 150-170 degrees are obtained, and the scattered light passes through a reflector and is split by a dichroic mirror and then is incident in four groups of detectors; four groups of detectors receive optical signals I1、I2、I3、I4Respectively converted into electric signals and input into a signal processing circuit, the signal processing circuit amplifies the signal variation and amplifies the signal peak value P1、P2、P3、P4Respectively input into a computer, and the computer converts the peak value P1、P2、P3、P4Comparing the data with the data in a pre-calculated database in real time, and finding out the quadruple with the closest response value by a least square method to obtain the size of the particle to be measured and the real part and the imaginary part of the refractive index;
the collimation system is provided with two or more paths, including an aspherical mirror, a cylindrical mirror and a diaphragm; the aspherical mirror, the cylindrical mirror and the diaphragm are coaxially arranged;
the scattering system is provided with two or more paths, and comprises a reflecting mirror, a dichroic mirror and a focusing lens; the mirrors include a forward mirror and a backward mirror.
2. The multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index on-line measuring device of claim 1, wherein: the laser adopts a semiconductor laser to output laser with stable light intensity so as to improve the particle size measurement precision of atmospheric particulates.
3. The multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index on-line measuring device of claim 1, wherein: the two lasers respectively adopt blue light lasers and green light lasers, so that the dichroic mirror can split light conveniently.
4. The multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index on-line measuring device of claim 1, wherein: the aspherical mirror and the cylindrical mirror are made of PMMA materials.
5. The multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index on-line measuring device of claim 1, wherein: the scattering angle of the forward reflector is 10-30 degrees.
6. The multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index on-line measuring device of claim 1, wherein: the scattering angle of the retroreflector is 150-170 degrees.
7. The multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index on-line measuring device of claim 1, wherein: the dichroic mirror is placed at an angle of 45 degrees, and wavelength splitting is achieved.
8. The multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index on-line measuring device of claim 1, wherein: the sampling particulate matters are ensured to pass through a light path singly, so that the particle size and the refractive index of the single atmospheric particulate matters are measured and analyzed in real time.
9. A method for on-line measurement of optical particle count and refractive index using the measurement device of any one of claims 1-8, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, randomly generating particles with different particle sizes, real refractive index parts and imaginary refractive index parts by using a Monte Carlo algorithm, calculating four groups of responses of forward and backward scattered light of different particles under the irradiation of green light and blue light, and combining to obtain a primary particle scattering database;
secondly, enabling the standard particulate matters to pass through the laser beam in sequence, collecting forward and backward scattered light of the laser by four groups of detectors, and obtaining a standard particulate matter signal peak value P by a signal processing circuit and a computer1、P2、P3、P4；
Thirdly, calculating a standard particulate matter signal peak value P1、P2、P3、P4Obtaining a scale factor through third-order linear fitting according to the relation between the particle scattering database signal and the particle scattering database signal;
and fourthly, measuring single particle scattered light signals passing through the laser spots in the sampling process, comparing four data of the detector with a pre-calculated evaluation table consisting of four columns in real time, and finding out the quadruple with the closest response value by a least square method to obtain the particle size of the particles to be detected and the real part and imaginary part of the refractive index.
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| CN114047101A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2022-02-15 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所 | Optical simulation system and method for representing irregularity degree of particulate matter |
| CN114324094A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 北京智米科技有限公司 | Laser particulate matter sensing device and method for measuring particulate matter |
| CN117571569A (en) * | 2023-10-19 | 2024-02-20 | 西安理工大学 | Atmospheric particulate concentration detection system and detection method based on mass concentration factor |
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