CN112782010A

CN112782010A - Anti-explosion coating test equipment and anti-explosion coating test method

Info

Publication number: CN112782010A
Application number: CN201911083562.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 顾蒙; 党文义; 于安峰; 凌晓东
Original assignee: China Petroleum and Chemical Corp; Sinopec Qingdao Safety Engineering Institute
Current assignee: China Petroleum and Chemical Corp; Sinopec Qingdao Safety Engineering Institute
Priority date: 2019-11-07
Filing date: 2019-11-07
Publication date: 2021-05-11

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-explosion coating test device and an anti-explosion coating test method, wherein the anti-explosion coating test device comprises: the device comprises a fixing device (1), wherein the fixing device (1) is used for fixing a test piece (2) coated with an anti-explosion coating, and a speckle image (201) is coated on the surface of the test piece (2); an explosive source (3); -an ignition device (4) for triggering the source of explosion (3); a camera (5), wherein the camera (5) is used for shooting the speckle image (201) on the surface of the test piece (2); a data processing device capable of receiving the image information acquired by the camera (5) and detecting the characteristics of the surface of the test piece (2) from the image information. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the traditional single-point measurement mode is changed, the whole surface of the test piece can be detected, and the detection accuracy of the anti-explosion coating is favorably improved.

Description

Anti-explosion coating test equipment and anti-explosion coating test method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of anti-explosion coating test, in particular to anti-explosion coating test equipment and an anti-explosion coating test method.

Background

The materials related to the petrochemical device are mostly flammable and explosive hydrocarbon liquid and gas, once the materials are leaked, steam cloud explosion can occur, and great casualties and economic losses are often caused. However, in the petrochemical field of China, only a few newly-built chemical enterprises or devices consider the anti-explosion safety design of the occupied places of the personnel, for example, part of central control rooms or device control rooms adopt the anti-explosion control room design, and most of the personnel near the production devices occupy the buildings, only the fireproof requirement is considered, and the new requirements of safety production are difficult to meet. In addition, changes in the use of buildings, changes in the production process, extensions, or existing problems in process hazard analysis may require the reinforcement and reconstruction of existing petrochemical buildings.

Polyurea elastomers are elastomeric polymers that are sprayed onto the surface of a structure to respond to cracking, splintering, deformation of the structure under dynamic loading. The spraying polyurea coating can improve the strength, toughness and rigidity of the structure and increase the anti-explosion capability of the structure. In addition, the polyurea reinforced layer can effectively reduce the generation of fragments of the building structure under the action of dynamic load, and the casualties of indoor personnel are reduced.

At present, the reinforcing research of the anti-explosion coating in China mainly focuses on the aspect of numerical simulation, and the research of related reinforcing tests is limited. The types and the geometric sizes of the materials of the test pieces adopted in the tests are greatly different, so that comparative study is difficult to carry out, and one test piece is measured in one test, so that the test period is long, the difficulty is high, and the cost is high. For the dynamic response of a reinforced structure in the test process, a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor are mostly adopted in the traditional method for carrying out local point measurement so as to evaluate the anti-explosion performance of the coating. For pressure measurement, in order to not damage the integrity of a coating, a pressure sensor is fixed on the surface of a wall body, and the sensor is often separated due to splashing caused by overlarge explosion overpressure in the test process, so that test errors are caused. For displacement measurement, local point measurement is carried out only through a plurality of displacement sensors, and the influence of the whole displacement of the reinforcing member on measurement errors is not considered. The measurement errors of explosion overpressure and coating displacement further cause errors of the evaluation of the anti-explosion performance of the coating.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problem of large detection result error in a local point test mode in the prior art.

The invention provides an antiknock coating test device, which comprises:

the fixing device is used for fixing a test piece coated with an anti-explosion coating, wherein the surface of the test piece is coated with a speckle image;

a source of explosion;

an ignition device for triggering the source of the explosion; and the camera is used for shooting the speckle image on the surface of the test piece.

And the data processing device can receive the image information acquired by the camera and detect the characteristics of the surface of the test piece according to the image information.

Preferably, the cameras are provided with two identical cameras, which are connected by a synchronization line to synchronize the image capturing.

Preferably, the antiknock coating testing equipment further comprises a synchronous trigger, the synchronous trigger is connected with the ignition device through a trigger signal input line, and the synchronous trigger is connected with the camera through a trigger signal output line so as to trigger the camera after the synchronous trigger receives an ignition signal of the ignition device.

Preferably, the anti-explosion coating testing equipment further comprises an anti-explosion wall between the explosion source and the camera, and a window for the camera to shoot the speckle image is arranged on the anti-explosion wall.

Preferably, the anti-explosion coating testing equipment further comprises an illuminating device for illuminating when the camera takes images.

Preferably, the antiknock coating testing apparatus further includes a pressure sensor for testing pressure, the pressure sensor being mounted on a surface of the fixture.

Preferably, the fixing device comprises a test frame for fixing on the ground and a clamp for fixing on the test frame and capable of clamping the test piece.

Preferably, the fixing device is arranged to be capable of clamping at least two test pieces;

the clamp comprises a middle clamp positioned between two test pieces and an edge clamp positioned at the outer edge of the test piece at the edge position;

and U-shaped structures for clamping the edge of the test piece are respectively arranged on two sides of the middle clamp holder, and the U-shaped structures for clamping the edge of the test piece are arranged on one side of the edge clamp holder.

Preferably, the test frame comprises an upright frame which is vertically arranged and a transverse frame which is vertical to the upright frame and is used for being fixed on the ground;

the clamping device comprises a holder, a vertical frame, a clamping device and a clamping device, wherein two upper clamping sheets which are arranged at intervals and used for clamping and fixing the holder are arranged at the upper end of the vertical frame, and two lower clamping sheets which are arranged at intervals and used for clamping and fixing the holder are arranged at the lower end of the vertical frame.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided an antiknock coating testing method, including:

manufacturing a test piece coated with an anti-explosion coating;

fixing the test piece through a fixing device, wherein the surface of the test piece is coated with a speckle image;

triggering an explosion source, wherein the explosion source is arranged at a position having a preset distance with the test piece;

acquiring image information of the speckle image through a camera in the explosion process of the explosion source;

and detecting the characteristics of the surface of the test piece according to the image information.

Preferably, the method comprises: the pressure at the time of explosion is tested by a pressure sensor mounted on the fixture surface.

Preferably, the method further comprises: and illuminating when the camera is used for shooting.

Preferably, the camera is triggered to operate simultaneously with triggering of the source of the explosion.

Preferably, the cameras are provided with two identical cameras, and the two cameras are arranged to take images synchronously.

Preferably, a plurality of the test pieces are fixed by the fixing device, and the plurality of the test pieces are arranged as follows:

coating the anti-explosion coating on the explosion-facing surface of part of the test piece, coating the anti-explosion coating on the explosion-facing surface of part of the test piece and/or coating the anti-explosion coating on the explosion-facing surface and the explosion-facing surface of part of the test piece;

and/or the thicknesses of the antiknock coatings of a plurality of test pieces are different.

Preferably, a plurality of speckle images are arranged on the surface of each test piece at intervals.

According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the camera tracks the speckle image on the surface of the test piece in the explosion process, and the characteristic of the surface of the test piece under the action of the explosion load can be detected, so that the anti-explosion characteristic of the coating on the surface of the test piece can be evaluated. Compared with the traditional mode of carrying out local point measurement by a plurality of displacement sensors, the invention can carry out detection on the whole surface of the test piece, and is beneficial to improving the detection accuracy of the anti-explosion coating of the coating.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an antiknock coating test apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a fixture for fixing a test piece;

FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a side view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the construction of the intermediate holder;

fig. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the edge holder.

Description of the reference numerals

1-a fixture; 101-an upright frame; 1011-longitudinal clamping beam; 1012-cross support beams 102-cross braces; 103-oblique reinforcing beam; 104-intermediate gripper; 105-an edge gripper; 106-upper clamping piece; 107-lower clamping piece; 2-test piece; 21-a first test piece; 22-a second test piece; 23-third test piece; 201-speckle images; 3-a source of explosion; 4-an ignition device; 5-a camera; 6-a lighting device; 7-explosion-proof wall; 71-a window; 8-a synchronization trigger; 9-a pressure sensor; 10-a synchronization line; 11-an ignition wire; 12-trigger signal input line; 13-trigger signal output line.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.

In addition, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience of description and for simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The term "inside" and "outside" refer to the inside and the outside of the contour of each member itself.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.

The present invention provides an antiknock coating test apparatus, as shown in fig. 1, which includes:

the device comprises a fixing device 1, wherein the fixing device 1 is used for fixing a test piece 2 coated with an anti-explosion coating, the surface of the test piece 2 is coated with speckle images 201, and a plurality of speckle images 201 arranged at intervals can be coated on the surface of each test piece 2 (as shown in FIG. 4);

an explosive source 3;

an ignition device 4 for triggering the source of explosion 3;

and the camera 5 is used for shooting the speckle image 201 on the surface of the test piece 2 by the camera 5.

A data processing device capable of receiving the image information acquired by the camera 5 and detecting the characteristics of the surface of the test piece 2 from the image information.

According to the anti-explosion coating test equipment provided by the invention, the camera 5 tracks the speckle image 201 on the surface of the test piece 2 in the explosion process, and the characteristics of the surface of the test piece under the action of an explosion load can be detected according to a digital image correlation technique (DIC), for example, the dynamic measurement of a displacement field and a strain field of the surface of the test piece in the three-dimensional process is realized, so that the anti-explosion characteristics of the coating on the surface of the test piece 2 can be evaluated.

The anti-explosion coating test equipment provided by the invention changes the traditional single-point measurement mode by adopting a digital image technology, and can detect the whole surface of a test piece compared with the traditional local point measurement mode by a plurality of displacement sensors, thereby being beneficial to improving the detection accuracy of the anti-explosion coating of the coating.

The antiknock coating test apparatus in the embodiment shown in fig. 1 will be described in detail below.

As shown in fig. 1, the fixing device 1 is used to fix a test piece 2 to be tested, preferably, the fixing device 1 can fix a plurality of test pieces 2, and the test pieces 2 are preferably vertically placed.

The explosion source 3 is arranged at a specific distance from the test piece 2, and an explosion-proof wall 7 is arranged between the camera 5 and the explosion source 3 so as to avoid the influence on the camera 5 when the explosion source 3 explodes. The explosion-proof wall 7 is provided with a window 71, and the camera 5 captures images through the window 71.

Preferably, there are two identical cameras 5, two of said cameras 5 being of the same model, having the same parameters adjusted and connected by a synchronization line 10 to synchronize the shooting. The two cameras 5 can more comprehensively acquire the image information of the speckle image 201 on the test piece 2.

In the present embodiment, preferably, the anti-explosion coating testing apparatus further includes an illumination device 6 for illumination when the camera 5 takes an image. The effect of the image captured by the camera 5 can be enhanced by the illumination means 6.

The anti-explosion coating testing equipment further comprises a synchronous trigger 8, wherein the synchronous trigger 8 is connected with the ignition device 4 through a trigger signal input line 12, the synchronous trigger 8 is connected with the camera 5 through a trigger signal output line 13, and in addition, the synchronous trigger 8 is also connected with the lighting device 6 through the trigger signal output line 13.

After the ignition device 4 emits an ignition signal, the ignition signal is transmitted to the explosion source 3 through the ignition wire 11, and the explosion source 3 explodes. At the same time, the ignition signal is supplied via the trigger signal input line 12 to the synchronization trigger 8, the synchronization trigger 8 sends the ignition signal simultaneously to the camera 5 and the lighting device 6, and the camera 5 and the lighting device 6 start to operate.

In the present embodiment, the antiknock coating testing apparatus further includes a pressure sensor 9 for testing pressure, and the pressure sensor 9 is mounted on a surface of the fixture 1, specifically, a surface of a holder of the fixture 1 (described further below). By mounting the pressure sensor 9 in the holder of the fixture 1 instead of directly on the test piece 2, damage to the integrity of the coating of the test piece 2 can be avoided.

In the present embodiment, the specific structure of the fixing device 1 is shown in fig. 2 to 4.

The fixing device 1 comprises a test frame and a clamp, wherein the test frame is used for being fixed on the ground, the clamp is used for being fixed on the test frame and can clamp the test piece 2, and the fixing device 1 is arranged to be capable of clamping at least two test pieces 2.

Specifically, the test frame comprises an upright frame 101 arranged vertically and a transverse frame 102 perpendicular to the upright frame 101 and used for being fixed on the ground, the transverse frame 102 is used for being fixed on the ground or other installation bases, and an inclined reinforcing beam 103 arranged obliquely is connected between the upright frame 101 and the transverse frame 102 and plays a role in reinforcing. The upright frame 101 specifically includes a lateral support beam 1012 extending laterally and a longitudinal clamp beam 1011 perpendicular to the lateral support beam 1012 to be in an upright state, the longitudinal clamp beam 1011 being for clamping the test piece 2 together with the clamp, and the lateral support beam 1012 being for supporting the clamp and the underside of the test piece 2.

The holders for holding the test piece 2 comprise a middle holder 104 between two test pieces 2 and an edge holder 105 at the outer edge of the test piece 2 in the edge position; the structure of the middle clamper 104 is shown in fig. 5, the two sides of the middle clamper 104 are respectively provided with a U-shaped structure for clamping the edge of the test piece 2, the structure of the edge clamper 105 is shown in fig. 6, and one side of the edge clamper 105 is provided with a U-shaped structure for clamping the edge of the test piece 2.

In addition, the upright frame 101 is provided at an upper end thereof with two upper clamping pieces 106 arranged at intervals for clamping the clamper, and at a lower end thereof with two lower clamping pieces 107 arranged at intervals for clamping the clamper. The upper and lower

gripping pieces

106 and 107 extend in the same direction as the lateral support beams 1012 of the upright frame 101 when gripping the gripper.

When the test piece 2 is mounted on the fixing device 1 (as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the test piece 2 mounted on the fixing device 1 includes the first test piece 21, the second test piece 22 and the third test piece 23), the first test piece 21 is firstly pushed into the longitudinal clamping beam 1011 from the side of the upright frame 101 away from the longitudinal clamping beam 1011 or inserted from above, and then is loaded into the middle clamp 104, the two sides of the first test piece 21 are clamped by the longitudinal clamping beam 1011 and the middle clamp 104, at this time, the upper clamping piece 106 and the lower clamping piece 107 can be adjusted, the upper end of the loaded first test piece 21 and the middle clamp 104 are positioned between the two parallel upper clamping pieces 106, the lower end of the loaded first test piece 21 and the loaded middle clamp 104 are positioned between the two parallel lower clamping pieces 107, the upper end of the middle clamp 104 and the upper clamping pieces 106 at the two sides can be fixed together by bolts, and the lower end of the middle clamp 104 and the;

then, a second test piece 22 and another middle clamper 104 are sequentially arranged, two sides of the second test piece 22 are respectively clamped by the U-shaped structures of the two middle clampers 104, and then the other middle clamper 104 is respectively fixed with an upper clamping piece 106 and a lower clamping piece 107 at two sides by bolts;

the third specimen 23 is continuously loaded, the edge holder 105 is loaded on the outer edge (the edge far away from the second specimen 22) of the third specimen 23, the edge holder 105 is fixed with the upper holding piece 106 and the lower holding piece 107 by bolts, and the third specimen 23 is held and fixed by the U-shaped structure of the other middle holder 104 and the U-shaped structure of the edge holder 105.

Bolt holes are reserved in the upper portion and the lower portion of the middle clamp 104 and the edge clamp 105 respectively so as to be conveniently fixed with the upper clamping piece 106 and the lower clamping piece 107 through bolts.

It should be appreciated that the number of intermediate clamps 104 may also be reduced, increasing the size of the test piece 2 being tested, depending on the experimental needs.

In addition, in the present embodiment, the pressure sensor 9 is mounted on the middle clamp 104 and/or the edge clamp 105. The middle portion of the middle holder 104 and/or the edge holder 105 may be previously provided with an internally threaded hole to screw the pressure sensor 9 having a threaded structure on the middle holder 104 and/or the edge holder 105 at the time of testing.

The test frame of the fixing device 1 provided by the invention supports and fixes the test piece 2, so that the fixing is firm, the strength is high, and the test result deviation caused by the overall movement of the test piece can be effectively prevented. In addition, the fixing device 1 can adopt a high-strength test frame, can be repeatedly used and reduces the test cost.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided an antiknock coating testing method, which can be performed using the antiknock coating testing apparatus as described above, the method including:

manufacturing a test piece 2 coated with an anti-explosion coating;

fixing the test piece 2 through a fixing device 1, wherein the surface of the test piece 2 is coated with a speckle image 201; wherein a plurality of speckle images 201 on the surface of each test piece 2 are arranged at intervals, preferably uniformly, and an array arrangement can be adopted, for example.

Triggering an explosion source 3, wherein the explosion source 3 is arranged at a position having a preset distance with the test piece 2;

acquiring image information of the speckle image 201 by a camera 5 in the process of explosion of the explosion source 3;

the characteristics of the surface of the test piece 2 are detected according to the image information, and usually, a displacement field and a strain field of the surface of the test piece are detected.

Preferably, the test method further comprises: the pressure during the explosion is measured by means of a pressure sensor 9, which pressure sensor 9 is mounted on the fixture 1, in particular on the surface of a holder for holding the test piece 2. The pressure sensor 9 is installed on the fixing device 1 after debugging, and compared with the traditional installation method of pre-embedding the sensor in the test piece, the integrity of the anti-explosion coating on the surface of the test piece can be prevented from being damaged.

Preferably, the method further comprises: when the camera 5 takes a picture, the lighting device 6 is used for lighting so as to provide better images with better light acquisition effect.

The cameras 5 are preferably provided with two cameras 5, the two cameras 5 have the same model and the same parameters, and are connected by a synchronization line 10 to perform synchronous shooting. In this way, the image information of the speckle image 201 on the test piece 2 can be acquired more comprehensively.

In this test method, the camera 5 and the lighting device 6 can be triggered to operate simultaneously with the triggering of the explosion source 3.

As shown in fig. 1 in particular, while the ignition device 4 sends an ignition signal to the explosion source 3 to trigger the explosion source 3, the ignition signal is sent to the synchronization trigger 8 through the trigger signal input line 12, the synchronization trigger 8 sends the ignition signal to the camera 5 and the lighting device 6 through the trigger signal output line 13, and the camera 5 and the lighting device 6 start to operate.

In the experiment, a plurality of test pieces 2 can be tested simultaneously, that is, the plurality of test pieces 2 can be fixed simultaneously by the fixing device 1, and the plurality of test pieces 2 can be set as: coating the anti-explosion coating on the explosion-facing surface of part of the test piece, coating the anti-explosion coating on the explosion-facing surface of part of the test piece and/or coating the anti-explosion coating on the explosion-facing surface and the explosion-facing surface of part of the test piece; the thickness of the antiknock coating of the plurality of test pieces 2 may be set to be different, or the sizes, thicknesses, and the like of the plurality of test pieces 2 may be set to be different. The dynamic response of different spraying modes and different spraying thicknesses of the test piece under the same explosive load can be compared by measuring the plurality of different test pieces 2 in the same batch. After the test of the same batch of test pieces 2 is completed, the test of the next batch of test pieces can be performed, and the test period is effectively shortened.

The test process of the antiknock coating on the surface of the test piece by adopting the test mode provided by the invention comprises the following steps:

firstly, determining the size of a corresponding test piece 2 according to the number requirement of the test pieces 2 tested simultaneously in the test;

and (4) carrying out concrete formwork erecting according to the design drawing of the test piece 2, pouring concrete, and maintaining for a preset number of days.

According to the test purpose, the test piece 2 is reinforced, and an anti-explosion coating is sprayed on the surface of the test piece 2, such as spraying the anti-explosion coating on the explosion-facing surface, spraying the anti-explosion coating on the explosion-facing surface or spraying the anti-explosion coating on both the explosion-facing surface and the explosion-facing surface, changing the spraying thickness and the like.

The distance between the test frame of the fixing device 1 and the explosion source 3 is adjusted, the test frame is installed on the hardened ground, the transverse frame 102 of the test frame is fixed on the ground through the anchoring screw, and deviation of the overall motion of the frame to the test result is reduced.

A first test piece 21 to be tested is hoisted into the upright frame 101 of the test frame and then loaded into the middle clamper 104, so that the first test piece 21 is clamped by the longitudinal clamping beam 1011 of the upright frame 101 and the middle clamper 104 together, two upper clamping pieces 106 at the upper end and two lower clamping pieces 107 at the lower end of the middle clamper 104 are adjusted, and the middle clamper 104 is fixed to the upper clamping pieces 106 and the lower clamping pieces 107 by bolts.

The second test piece 22 to be tested is hoisted into the upright 101 of the test frame and then loaded into another intermediate clamp 104 to clamp the second test piece 22, the upper clamp 106 and the lower clamp 107 are adjusted, and the other intermediate clamp 104 is fixed to the test frame with the test piece fixing screw 6.

A third test piece 23 to be tested is hoisted into the upright frame 101 of the test frame, and then loaded into the edge holder 105 to hold and fix the third test piece 23, and then the upper holding piece 106 and the lower holding piece 107 are adjusted, and the edge holder 105 is fixed to the test frame with bolts.

The pressure sensor 9 was set, and the pressure sensor 9 was fixed to the middle clamper 104 and the edge clamper 105, respectively.

The speckle images 201 are marked on the surface of each test piece with a dye.

Two cameras 5 with completely consistent models are adopted, the adjusted shooting parameters are the same, and the cameras 5 are connected through a synchronization line 10 to ensure synchronous shooting.

After the testing system is checked to be correct, the ignition device 3 is used for igniting the explosive source 3, and the synchronous trigger signal is led to the synchronous trigger 8 by the ignition device 3 through a trigger signal input line 12 and then is transmitted to the camera 5 and the lighting device 6 through a trigger signal output line 13.

Collecting test data and evaluating the anti-explosion performance of the coating;

the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, numerous simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of the individual specific technical features in any suitable way. The invention is not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition. Such simple modifications and combinations should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure as well.

Claims

1. An antiknock coating testing apparatus, comprising:

the device comprises a fixing device (1), wherein the fixing device (1) is used for fixing a test piece (2) coated with an anti-explosion coating, and a speckle image (201) is coated on the surface of the test piece (2);

an explosive source (3);

-an ignition device (4) for triggering the source of explosion (3);

a camera (5), wherein the camera (5) captures the speckle image (201) on the surface of the test piece (2).

A data processing device capable of receiving the image information acquired by the camera (5) and detecting the characteristics of the surface of the test piece (2) from the image information.

2. Antiknock coating testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that said cameras (5) are provided with two identical cameras, the two cameras (5) being connected by a synchronization line (10) for synchronizing the shooting.

3. The antiknock coating test apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a synchronization trigger (8), the synchronization trigger (8) being connected to the ignition device (4) via a trigger signal input line (12), the synchronization trigger (8) being connected to the camera (5) via a trigger signal output line (13) for triggering the camera (5) upon receipt of an ignition signal from the ignition device (4) by the synchronization trigger (8).

4. The antiknock coating testing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an explosion proof wall (7) between the source of explosion (3) and the camera (5), the explosion proof wall (7) having a window (71) disposed thereon for enabling the camera (5) to capture the speckle image (201).

5. The antiknock coating testing apparatus of claim 1, further including an illumination device (6) for illuminating when the camera (5) takes an image.

6. The antiknock coating test apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a pressure sensor (9) for testing pressure, the pressure sensor (9) being mounted on a surface of the fixture (1).

7. Antiknock coating testing device according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fixing means comprise a test frame for fixing on the ground and a holder for fixing on the test frame and capable of holding the test piece (2).

8. Antiknock coating testing device according to claim 7, characterized in that said fixture (1) is arranged to be able to clamp at least two test pieces (2);

the grippers comprise a middle gripper (104) located between the two test pieces (2) and an edge gripper (105) located at the outer edge of the test piece (2) in an edge position;

two sides of the middle clamp holder (104) are respectively provided with a U-shaped structure for clamping the edge of the test piece (2), and one side of the edge clamp holder (105) is provided with a U-shaped structure for clamping the edge of the test piece (2).

9. The antiknock coating testing apparatus of claim 7, wherein the testing frame includes an upright frame (101) disposed upright and a transverse frame (102) perpendicular to the upright frame (101) for securing to the ground;

the upper end of the upright frame (101) is provided with two upper clamping sheets (106) which are arranged at intervals and used for clamping and fixing the clamper, and the lower end of the upright frame is provided with two lower clamping sheets (107) which are arranged at intervals and used for clamping and fixing the clamper.

10. An antiknock coating testing method, comprising:

manufacturing a test piece (2) coated with an anti-explosion coating;

fixing the test piece (2) through a fixing device (1), wherein the surface of the test piece (2) is coated with a speckle image (201);

triggering an explosion source (3), wherein the explosion source (3) is arranged at a position having a preset distance with the test piece (2);

acquiring image information of the speckle image (201) by a camera (5) during the explosion of the explosion source (3);

and detecting the characteristics of the surface of the test piece (2) according to the image information.

11. The antiknock coating testing method of claim 10, including: the pressure during the explosion is measured by means of a pressure sensor (9), wherein the pressure sensor (9) is mounted on the surface of the fastening device (1).

12. The antiknock coating testing method of claim 10, further comprising: the illumination is performed when the camera (5) takes an image.

13. The antiknock coating testing method according to claim 10, characterized in that triggering the source of explosion (3) simultaneously triggers the operation of the camera (5).

14. The antiknock coating testing method according to claim 10, characterized in that the cameras (5) are provided with two identical cameras, the two cameras (5) being arranged to take a picture synchronously.

15. Antiknock coating testing method according to any of claims 10-14, characterized in that a plurality of test pieces (2) are fixed by the fixing device (1), the plurality of test pieces (2) being arranged:

and/or the thicknesses of the antiknock coatings of a plurality of the test pieces (2) are different.

16. The antiknock coating testing method according to any of claims 10-14, wherein a plurality of speckle images (201) are spaced on the surface of each test piece (2).