CN112781699A - Dynamic weighing device based on multi-cantilever structure and weighing method thereof - Google Patents
Dynamic weighing device based on multi-cantilever structure and weighing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01G—WEIGHING
- G01G19/00—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups
- G01G19/02—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups for weighing wheeled or rolling bodies, e.g. vehicles
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic weighing device based on a multi-cantilever structure and a weighing method thereof. The damage to the road surface from the installation and wiring to the use of the existing dynamic weighing equipment is great, and the time is long. The invention comprises a shell, an elastic element, a force transmission block, a cantilever beam, a mass block, a mechanical induction mechanism, an electric power storage module and a wireless transmission module. The inner ends of the cantilever beams are not contacted with each other and are contacted with the bottom surface of the force transmission block. The inner end part of each cantilever beam is positioned above the mass block. One or more of the cantilever beams is provided with a piezoelectric layer. The outer end of each cantilever beam is fixed with the side wall of the pavement mounting groove. The mechanical inducing mechanism, the mass block, the force transfer block and the piezoelectric cantilever beam can collide when the piezoelectric cantilever beam vibrates, and the elastic element continuously collides by the reaction force of the elastic element, so that the vibration time of the piezoelectric cantilever beam is longer by the continuous collision, and the electric energy generated by the piezoelectric cantilever beam is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle dynamic weighing, in particular to a dynamic weighing device based on a multi-cantilever structure.
Background
The early vehicle weighbridge that uses of weighing is static weighing instrument, and this kind of weighbridge that weighs needs the vehicle to go earlier when using and weighs on the weighbridge, treats that the vehicle can the accurate reading that shows after stable on the weighing platform, and this results in weighing speed very slow, under the great condition of vehicle flow, often causes waiting of a lot of vehicles, leads to the road to block up. To avoid the above-mentioned drawbacks of statically weighing the wagon balance, the vehicle dynamically weighs the wagon balance as it is. Dynamic weighing refers to the process of measuring and analyzing the dynamic force of tires to measure and calculate the total weight and partial weight of a moving vehicle, and is used for traffic axle load investigation and governing overrun overload transportation.
The damage to the road surface from the installation and wiring to the use of the existing dynamic weighing equipment is great, the time spent is long, the influence on the traffic smoothness is great, and traffic jam is easily caused. With the development of technology, wireless transmission technology is becoming mature, and the technology is also increasingly applied to various industries. Aiming at dynamic weighing, the wireless transmission technology can effectively solve the problem of damage to the road surface caused by wiring, but the wireless transmission device cannot be powered due to the fact that the circuit is not connected, and the battery cannot solve the long-term problem.
From the foregoing, there is a need for a self-powered dynamic weighing apparatus that provides continuous power to a wireless transmission device.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a dynamic weighing device based on a piezoelectric cantilever beam, so as to solve the problem of continuous energy supply of a wireless transmission device in the dynamic weighing system proposed in the above background art.
The invention relates to a dynamic weighing device based on a piezoelectric cantilever beam, which comprises a shell, an elastic element, a force transmission block, the cantilever beam, a mass block, a mechanical induction mechanism, an electric storage module and a wireless transmission module. The elastic element and the force transmission block are fixed on the top of the inner cavity of the shell; the force transfer block is located on the underside of the resilient element. The side of the shell is provided with a plurality of abdicating grooves in different directions. Each cantilever beam respectively penetrates through each abdicating groove; the inner ends of the cantilever beams are not contacted with each other and are contacted with the bottom surface of the force transmission block. The mechanical inducing mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the shell and comprises a spring and a damping element; the damping element is fixed at the central position of the bottom of the inner cavity of the shell; the spring is sleeved outside the damping element; the mass block is fixedly adhered to the top end of the damping element. The top end of the spring is propped against the bottom surface of the mass block. The inner end part of each cantilever beam is positioned above the mass block. One or more of the cantilever beams is provided with a piezoelectric layer. The output signal of the piezoelectric layer is connected to the wireless transmission module and the power storage module. When the device is used, the shell is arranged in the mounting groove on the road surface. The outer end of each cantilever beam is fixed with the side wall of the mounting groove.
Preferably, the natural frequency of the vibration system formed by the mechanical induction mechanism and the mass is equal to the natural frequency of the cantilever beam.
Preferably, the size of the cantilever beam is 100m multiplied by 25mm multiplied by 0.2mm, the size of the mass block is 30mm multiplied by 25mm, and then the natural frequency of the cantilever beam 6 is close to 2Hz, the error from the environmental frequency is less than 5 percent, and the maximum amplitude value of the cantilever beam 6 can be achieved when the environmental frequency is about 2 Hz.
Preferably, the number of the cantilever beams is three. Only one of the cantilever beams is provided with a piezoelectric layer.
Preferably, the bottom surface of the force transmission block is provided with a plurality of limiting grooves; each limiting groove is aligned with each abdicating groove on the middle casing. The inner end of each cantilever beam is respectively embedded into each limit groove on the bottom surface of the force transmission block.
Preferably, in the initial state, a gap is formed between the mass and the inner end of the cantilever beam.
Preferably, the edge of the force transfer block has a gap in the horizontal direction with the inner wall of the housing.
Preferably, the outer shell comprises an upper cover body, a middle sleeve shell and a lower base which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and fixedly connected together. A first bowl-shaped groove is formed in the bottom of the upper cover body, and a turning part in the first bowl-shaped groove is provided with a chamfer; a second bowl-shaped groove is formed in the top surface of the force transmission block, and a turning part in the second bowl-shaped groove is provided with a chamfer; chamfers are arranged at the top edge and the bottom edge of the elastic element; the chamfer at the top of the elastic element is contacted with the chamfer in the first bowl-shaped groove on the upper cover body, and the chamfer at the bottom of the elastic element is contacted with the chamfer in the second bowl-shaped groove on the force transmission block.
Preferably, the cantilever beam is made of metal sheet.
Preferably, the top surface of the housing is flush with the road surface.
Preferably, the elastic element is made of rubber or elastic plastic.
The dynamic weighing device based on the multi-cantilever structure and the weighing method thereof comprise the following specific steps:
when a vehicle on the road passes, each cantilever beam is pressed to be bent and deformed, and the piezoelectric layer on the cantilever beam with the piezoelectric layer generates a piezoelectric signal and transmits the piezoelectric signal to the wireless transmission module; the wireless transmission module sends the detected first peak value of the piezoelectric signal to an upper computer; and the upper computer judges the weight of the passing vehicle according to the received peak data.
Meanwhile, in the vibration process of each cantilever beam, the inner end of each cantilever beam repeatedly collides with the mass block below the cantilever beam; the mass block and the mechanical inducing mechanism vibrate along with the mass block; when the vibration of each cantilever beam is attenuated, the mass block vibrating up and down continuously collides with the cantilever beam, so that the cantilever beam keeps vibrating for a longer time; in the vibration process of the cantilever beam with the piezoelectric layer, the piezoelectric layer continuously generates a piezoelectric signal, and the piezoelectric signal charges the battery after passing through the voltage stabilizing module.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the mechanical inducing mechanism, the mass block, the force transfer block and the piezoelectric cantilever beam can collide when the piezoelectric cantilever beam vibrates, and the elastic element continuously collides by the reaction force of the elastic element, so that the vibration time of the piezoelectric cantilever beam is longer by the continuous collision, and the electric energy generated by the piezoelectric cantilever beam is increased.
2. The invention adopts the design of the dynamic weighing device based on the piezoelectric cantilever beam, can be matched with a wireless transmission device for use, realizes the wireless transmission of piezoelectric signals, and the energy required by the wireless transmission device is provided by the self-energy supply of the piezoelectric cantilever beam. The wireless transmission can eliminate the problem of damage to the road surface caused by wiring and the problem of overlong time required for wiring.
3. The three cantilever beam structure design of the invention can widen the frequency bandwidth of the electric energy generated when the piezoelectric cantilever beam resonates, thereby being suitable for the environment of different vibration frequencies brought to the road by various vehicles on the road.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a first overall structural schematic of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second overall structural schematic of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the cantilever and the mass block according to the present invention;
figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a cantilever beam with a piezoelectric layer according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a dynamic weighing device based on piezoelectric cantilever beams comprises a shell, an elastic element 4, a force transmission block 5, cantilever beams 6, a mass block 7, a mechanical induction mechanism 8, an electric storage module and a wireless transmission module. The cantilever beam 6 is made of sheet metal, and one end of the cantilever beam can deform and vibrate under stress. The interior of the housing is hollow. The shell comprises an upper cover body 1, a middle sleeve shell 2 and a lower base 3 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and are fixedly connected through bolts 11 on four corners. The housing encloses most of the other components. The dynamic weighing device based on the piezoelectric cantilever beam is arranged in a mounting groove formed in the road surface. The lower base 3 is fixed with a mounting groove on the road surface. The top surface of the upper cover body 1 is flush with the road surface.
A first bowl-shaped groove is formed at the bottom of the upper cover body 1, and a chamfer 14 is formed at the turning part in the first bowl-shaped groove; an elastic element 4 and a force transmission block 5 are fixed on the bottom surface of the upper cover body 1. The force transfer block 5 is located on the underside of the elastic element 4. A second bowl-shaped groove is formed in the top surface of the force transmission block 5, and a chamfer 14 is formed at the turning position in the second bowl-shaped groove; chamfers are arranged at the top edge and the bottom edge of the elastic element 4; the chamfer at the top of the elastic element 4 is in contact with the chamfer 14 in the first bowl-shaped groove on the upper cover body 1, and the chamfer at the bottom of the elastic element 4 is in contact with the chamfer in the second bowl-shaped groove on the force transmission block 5, so that a centering structure is formed. The centering structure can well concentrate the vertical force at the axis position, and is favorable for force transmission.
The elastic element 4 is made of natural or synthetic rubber or elastic plastic; the edge of the force transfer block 5 is horizontally spaced from the inner wall of the housing by a gap 13. When a vehicle rapidly passes through the invention, horizontal shearing force can be generated, and the invention is easily damaged by excessive horizontal shearing force. The presence of the gap 13 allows a certain freedom of movement of the upper cap 1, the intermediate housing 2 and the force-transmitting block 5 relative to each other, reducing the damage caused by horizontal shearing forces, thanks also to the elasticity of the elastic element 4, which is made of natural or synthetic rubber or elastic plastic.
The three edges of the top end of the middle casing 2 are provided with abdicating grooves. The bottom surface of the force transmission block 5 is provided with three limiting grooves; the three limiting grooves are respectively aligned with the three abdicating grooves on the middle casing 2. The three cantilever beams 6 respectively pass through the three abdicating grooves on the middle casing 2; the inner ends of the three cantilever beams 6 are respectively embedded into three limit grooves on the bottom surface of the force transmission block 5. The outer ends of the three cantilever beams 6 are respectively fixed with three side surfaces of the mounting groove on the road surface. The force transfer mass 5 as a whole is lapped over the cantilever beam 6 and can act as a mass at the free end of the cantilever beam 6. The width of the abdicating groove is larger than the thickness of the cantilever beam 6, so that the cantilever beam 6 can not be in direct contact with the shell. The three cantilever beams 6 are close to each other and do not contact each other.
The mechanical inducing mechanism 8 is arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the shell and comprises a spring 9 and a damping element 10; the damping element 10 is fixed at the center of the bottom of the inner cavity of the shell; the spring 9 is sleeved outside the damping element 10; the mass 7 is adhesively fixed to the top of the damping element 10. The top end of the spring 9 abuts against the bottom surface of the mass 7. The inner end parts of the three cantilever beams 6 are all positioned above the mass block 7. The upper side surface and the lower side surface of one cantilever beam 6 are respectively provided with a piezoelectric layer 12; the piezoelectric layer 12 does not completely cover the cantilever beam 6, and the piezoelectric layer 12 is shorter than the cantilever beam 6, and covers from the fixed end of the piezoelectric cantilever beam 12 to the free end but does not reach the tail end of the free end, so that the piezoelectric layer 12 is not overlapped with the mass block (i.e. the projection of the piezoelectric layer 12 and the mass block on the horizontal plane does not intersect), which relieves the PZT-5H material from being easy to break and bear larger strain to a certain extent, and particularly, fatigue cracks and brittle fracture are easy to generate under the action of load. The piezoelectric layer 12 is made of PZT-5H with large electromechanical coupling coefficient, relative dielectric coefficient and piezoelectric voltage coefficient and small piezoelectric strain constant. As an alternative: considering ageing resistance and corrosion resistance, SUS301 is selected as the metal substrate material of the cantilever beam 6, and the SUS301 metal substrate has better conductivity and can generate larger deformation under the same working condition.
A certain gap is reserved between the mass block 7 and the inner end of the cantilever beam 6, the cantilever beam 6 can collide when vibrating, and a mechanical collision force is introduced in the mode, and a large number of researches show that the mechanical collision force can adjust the natural frequency of the cantilever beam 12 to enable the natural frequency to be consistent with the excitation frequency of the surrounding environment, so that the resonance efficiency is improved, and the power generation performance of the piezoelectric cantilever beam 12 is enhanced. At the resonance frequency, the piezoelectric cantilever beam 12 collides with the mass 7 and the force transfer mass 5, so that the mass 5, the spring element 4, the spring 9 and the damping element 10 move in the vertical direction away from the cantilever beam 6. When the amplitude of the cantilever beam 6 is reduced due to the change of external excitation after the vehicle runs, the speed of the amplitude reduction of the cantilever beam 6 is greatly reduced due to the reaction force of the elastic element 4 and the spring 9, and then continuous collision is generated and repeated, so that the effect of improving the energy harvesting performance of the piezoelectric cantilever beam 12 is achieved.
The research shows that the amplitude of the cantilever beam 6 is increased along with the increase of the vehicle speed, but the amplitude increase is reduced after the vehicle speed exceeds 80km/h, which means that the vehicle speed has smaller and smaller influence on the vibration amplitude of the invention if the vehicle speed continues to increase after reaching a certain value, and therefore the condition when the vehicle speed is 80km/h is taken as a reference. At the moment, the frequency of the vehicle on the road environment is about 2Hz, in order to achieve the resonance effect, the structural parameters of the cantilever beam 6 are designed to be 100m multiplied by 25mm multiplied by 0.2mm, the structural parameters of the mass block 7 are 30mm multiplied by 25mm, the natural frequency of the cantilever beam 6 is close to 2Hz, the error with the environmental frequency is less than 5 percent, and the maximum amplitude value of the cantilever beam 6 can be achieved when the environmental frequency is about 2 Hz. The natural frequency of the elastic element 4 is consistent with the natural frequency of the cantilever beam 6 through the design of the structural parameters such as the elastic coefficient, the rigidity coefficient of the spring 9, the damping coefficient of the damping element 10 and the like.
The frequency bandwidth of the single cantilever beam structure is less than 1Hz, and on an actual road, when different vehicles with different loads pass through the cantilever beam structure at different speeds, the vibration frequency of the surrounding environment fluctuates in a certain range, so that the practical application requirements cannot be met. The extension of the frequency band is important. In order to expand the frequency bandwidth, the invention adopts a multi-cantilever structure. Research shows that when a vehicle runs through a road, a first-order natural mode generated on the road is about 2Hz, and the vibration state of the road is determined to belong to low-frequency vibration, aiming at the invention, under the low-frequency vibration environment and under any frequency of a first-order frequency and a second-order frequency, the vibration amplitude of a cantilever beam 6 is represented as linear superposition of a first-order vibration mode and a second-order vibration mode, as long as the cantilever beam 6 vibrates in the vertical direction at the first-order frequency or the second-order frequency, the vibration direction of the cantilever beam 6 at any frequency between the two frequencies is close to the vertical direction, and through the mode, when the vehicle vibrates at any frequency between the first-order resonant frequency and the second-order resonant frequency, a piezoelectric layer with the cantilever beam 6 can work to generate electric energy, so.
The output signal of the piezoelectric layer 12 is connected to the input interface of the wireless transmission module; the wireless transmission module is in wireless communication with the upper computer. The power storage module includes a voltage stabilization module and a battery. The continuously output signal of the piezoelectric layer 12 is converted into a stable voltage by the voltage stabilizing module to charge the battery. The battery supplies power for the wireless transmission module.
As a preferred embodiment, a compensation plate is fixed on the top of the shell; the area of the compensating plate is larger than the top surface of the shell and smaller than the sectional area of the mounting groove on the road surface, so that the gap on the road surface is reduced, and the vehicle can run more stably.
As a preferred embodiment, a plurality of dynamic weighing devices are arranged in sequence along the width direction of the road surface, so that each wheel of the vehicle can pass through the upper part of the dynamic weighing device to finish weighing.
The dynamic weighing device based on the multi-cantilever structure and the weighing method thereof comprise the following specific steps:
when a vehicle on the road passes, the pressure acts on each cantilever beam 6 through the upper cover body 1, the elastic element 4 and the force transmission block 5 in sequence; each cantilever beam 6 is bent and deformed, and the piezoelectric layer on the cantilever beam 6 with the piezoelectric layer is stressed to generate a piezoelectric signal and transmit the piezoelectric signal to the wireless transmission module; the wireless transmission module sends the detected first peak value of the piezoelectric signal to an upper computer; and the upper computer judges the weight of the passing vehicle according to the received peak data.
Meanwhile, in the vibration process of each cantilever beam 6, the inner end of each cantilever beam 6 repeatedly collides with the mass block 7 below; the mass block 7 and the mechanical inducing mechanism 8 vibrate therewith; when the vibration of each cantilever beam 6 is attenuated, the mass block 7 vibrating up and down continuously collides with the cantilever beam 6, so that the cantilever beam 6 keeps vibrating for a longer time; the cantilever beam with the piezoelectric layer continuously generates a piezoelectric signal in the vibration process, and the piezoelectric signal charges a battery after passing through the voltage stabilizing module, so that the self-energy supply of the dynamic weighing device is realized, and the high cost generated by laying a functional circuit for weighing equipment is saved.
Claims (10)
1. A dynamic weighing device based on a multi-cantilever structure comprises a shell, an elastic element (4) and a force transmission block (5); the method is characterized in that: the device also comprises a cantilever beam (6), a mass block (7), a mechanical inducing mechanism (8), an electric storage module and a wireless transmission module; the elastic element (4) and the force transmission block (5) are fixed on the top of the inner cavity of the shell; the force transmission block (5) is positioned at the lower side of the elastic element (4); a plurality of abdicating grooves are formed in the side surface of the shell in different directions; each cantilever beam (6) respectively penetrates through each abdicating groove; the inner ends of the cantilever beams (6) are not contacted with each other and are contacted with the bottom surface of the force transmission block (5); the mechanical inducing mechanism (8) is arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the shell and comprises a spring (9) and a damping element (10); the damping element (10) is fixed at the central position of the bottom of the inner cavity of the shell; the spring (9) is sleeved outside the damping element (10); the mass block (7) is stuck and fixed at the top end of the damping element (10); the top end of the spring (9) is propped against the bottom surface of the mass block (7); the inner end part of each cantilever beam (6) is positioned above the mass block (7); one or more cantilever beams (6) are provided with a piezoelectric layer (12); the output signal of the piezoelectric layer (12) is connected to the wireless transmission module and the electric storage module; when in use, the shell is arranged in the mounting groove on the road surface; the outer end of each cantilever beam (6) is fixed with the side wall of the mounting groove.
2. The dynamic weighing apparatus based on multi-cantilever structure of claim 1, wherein: the natural frequency of the vibration system formed by the mechanical induction mechanism and the mass block is equal to that of the cantilever beam.
3. The dynamic weighing apparatus based on multi-cantilever structure of claim 1, wherein: the size of the cantilever beam is 100 mm multiplied by 25mm multiplied by 0.2mm, and the size of the mass block is 30mm multiplied by 25 mm.
4. The dynamic weighing apparatus based on multi-cantilever structure of claim 1, wherein: the number of the cantilever beams (6) is three; only one cantilever beam (6) is provided with a piezoelectric layer (12).
5. The dynamic weighing apparatus based on multi-cantilever structure of claim 1, wherein: the bottom surface of the force transmission block (5) is provided with a plurality of limiting grooves; each limiting groove is aligned with each abdicating groove on the middle casing (2) respectively; the inner ends of the cantilever beams (6) are respectively embedded into the limit grooves on the bottom surface of the force transmission block (5).
6. The dynamic weighing apparatus based on multi-cantilever structure of claim 1, wherein: in an initial state, a gap is reserved between the mass block (7) and the inner end of the cantilever beam (6).
7. The dynamic weighing apparatus based on multi-cantilever structure of claim 1, wherein: the edge of the force transmission block (5) has a gap (13) with the inner wall of the shell in the horizontal direction.
8. The dynamic weighing apparatus based on multi-cantilever structure of claim 1, wherein: the shell comprises an upper cover body (1), a middle sleeve shell (2) and a lower base (3) which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and fixedly connected together; a first bowl-shaped groove is formed in the bottom of the upper cover body (1), and a chamfer (14) is formed at the turning position in the first bowl-shaped groove; a second bowl-shaped groove is formed in the top surface of the force transfer block (5), and a chamfer (14) is formed at the turning position in the second bowl-shaped groove; chamfers are arranged at the top edge and the bottom edge of the elastic element (4); the chamfer at the top of the elastic element (4) is contacted with the chamfer (14) in the first bowl-shaped groove on the upper cover body (1), and the chamfer at the bottom of the elastic element (4) is contacted with the chamfer in the second bowl-shaped groove on the force transmission block (5).
9. The dynamic weighing apparatus based on multi-cantilever structure of claim 1, wherein: the cantilever beam (6) is made of a metal sheet; the elastic element (4) is made of rubber or elastic plastic.
10. The weighing method of the dynamic weighing device based on the multi-cantilever structure, as recited in claim 1, wherein: when a vehicle on the road passes, each cantilever beam (6) is pressed to be bent and deformed, and the piezoelectric layer on the cantilever beam (6) with the piezoelectric layer generates a piezoelectric signal and transmits the piezoelectric signal to the wireless transmission module; the wireless transmission module sends the detected first peak value of the piezoelectric signal to an upper computer; the upper computer judges the weight of the passing vehicle according to the received peak data;
meanwhile, in the vibration process of each cantilever beam (6), the inner end of each cantilever beam (6) repeatedly collides with the mass block (7) below; the mass block (7) and the mechanical inducing mechanism (8) vibrate along with the mass block; when the vibration of each cantilever beam (6) is attenuated, the mass block (7) vibrating up and down continuously collides with the cantilever beam (6), so that the cantilever beam (6) keeps vibrating for a longer time; in the vibration process of the cantilever beam with the piezoelectric layer, the piezoelectric layer continuously generates a piezoelectric signal, and the piezoelectric signal charges the battery after passing through the voltage stabilizing module.
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| CN112781699B (en) | 2022-05-17 |
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