CN112780336A - Pressure leaching type filling mining process - Google Patents
Pressure leaching type filling mining process Download PDFInfo
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- CN112780336A CN112780336A CN202011566122.9A CN202011566122A CN112780336A CN 112780336 A CN112780336 A CN 112780336A CN 202011566122 A CN202011566122 A CN 202011566122A CN 112780336 A CN112780336 A CN 112780336A
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- slurry
- filling
- waste
- grouting
- waste rocks
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/142—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/143—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements the synthetic calcium sulfate being phosphogypsum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00724—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 in mining operations, e.g. for backfilling; in making tunnels or galleries
Abstract
The invention provides a slurry press-dipping type filling process, wherein before filling waste rocks, a retaining wall is built at one end of a dead zone, the waste rocks enter from the other end of the dead zone, a plurality of grouting pipes are embedded on the waste rocks, then the waste rocks are filled on the grouting pipes, and a layer of grouting pipe is embedded in each layer of waste rocks with the thickness of 1.5-2.5 m; filling waste rocks and embedding grouting pipes synchronously and alternately; pressurizing the slurry by a filling pump, pressing the slurry into a waste stone filling body which is filled in advance by a grouting pipe, enabling the slurry to be uniformly infiltrated and fill the pores of the whole waste stone filling body, gradually grouting from bottom to top, and stopping grouting when the slurry overflows from a slurry overflow observation hole; and finishing the slurry pressure-soaking filling after the slurry is solidified and the waste stone is cemented into a whole. After preparing the cementing material into slurry, pressing the slurry into the waste stone filling body which is filled in the goaf in advance by utilizing a conveying pump through a pre-embedded grouting pipeline, uniformly infiltrating the slurry and filling the pores of the whole waste stone filling body, and achieving the purpose of cementing and filling after the slurry is solidified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a filling mining method, in particular to a cemented filling mining method for mining 'three-lower' mineral resources.
Background
At present, the cementing and filling technology which is the most studied in China is a paste pumping cementing and filling technology, namely, aggregates with certain granularity (generally less than 6 mm), cementing materials (cement), water and the like are stirred according to a certain proportion and are conveyed to a goaf by a pipeline after being pressurized by a filling pump for filling, but the filling mode has the defects of high filling cost, easiness in pipe blockage and the like. Meanwhile, some enterprises are researching block stone cemented filling, and the currently adopted process route mainly comprises the following steps: the filling mode has the defects that cement dust is more, the exposure time of the dust under the well is long, occupational diseases are easy to cause, filling materials need to be transported for many times, the labor intensity is high, the cost is high, and the efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to reduce the filling cost, the filling failure rate and the labor intensity, improve the filling efficiency, reduce the siliceous dust in a mine and avoid occupational diseases.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: waste rock is filled into the dead zone, prepared cement paste is pressed into a waste rock filling body by a filling pump, and the slurry is uniformly infiltrated and fills the pores of the whole waste rock filling body, so that the aim of cemented filling is fulfilled. The filling mode is that cement is prepared into slurry and then is conveyed to the underground, so that siliceous dust cannot be generated in the underground; the rock block can be directly filled into the empty area without being crushed, so that the cost is low; the cementing material and the aggregate are separately conveyed and filled, so that the segregation and pipe blockage are avoided; the single continuous filling amount is large, the working procedure is simple, the labor intensity is low, and the filling efficiency is high. The specific invention content is as follows:
a slurry pressure-leaching type filling process comprises the following steps:
(1) filling waste rocks: before filling waste rocks, building a retaining wall at one end of the dead zone, allowing the waste rocks to enter from the other end of the dead zone, embedding a plurality of grouting pipes on the waste rocks, then filling the waste rocks on the grouting pipes, and embedding a layer of grouting pipe in advance when the waste rocks are filled to be 1.5-2.5m thick; filling waste rocks and embedding grouting pipes synchronously and alternately;
(2) pressing and soaking the slurry: pressurizing the slurry by a filling pump (the pressure is 5-6 MPa), pressing the slurry into the waste stone filling body which is filled in advance through a grouting pipe, enabling the slurry to be uniformly infiltrated and fill the pores of the whole waste stone filling body, gradually grouting from bottom to top, and stopping grouting when the slurry overflows from a slurry overflow observation hole; and finishing the slurry pressure-soaking filling after the slurry is solidified and the waste stone is cemented into a whole.
The grouting pipes are provided with a pair of grout overflow holes every 0.8-1.2 meters, and the grout overflow holes on the grouting pipes are alternately arranged at 90 degrees.
The slurry is prepared by mixing cement, water, phosphogypsum, polyoxyethylene ether and dodecylamine according to the mass ratio of 1:1-2:0.05-0.15:0.0008-0.002:0.0008-0.002 and stirring.
The further preferred mode is that the slurry is prepared by mixing cement, water, phosphogypsum, polyoxyethylene ether and dodecylamine according to the mass ratio of 1:1:0.1:0.001:0.001 and stirring. The grain diameters of the cement, the phosphogypsum and the polyoxyethylene ether are less than 10 mu m.
By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the phosphogypsum reacts in water, and under the condition of a surfactant, the surface activity of the phosphogypsum is enhanced, and the phosphogypsum rapidly expands and coagulates with cement to form a colloid structure.
The other technical scheme of the invention is that the slurry in the step (2) can also be a mixture of fly ash, bottom mud with a water content of more than 60%, sodium carbonate and water glass, wherein the mass ratio of the fly ash, the bottom mud with a water content of more than 60%, the sodium carbonate and the water glass is 1: 2-3: 0.005-0.01: 0.005-0.01.
More preferably, the slurry can also be a mixture of fly ash, bottom mud with a water content of more than 60%, sodium carbonate and water glass, wherein the mass ratio of the fly ash, the bottom mud with a water content of more than 60%, the sodium carbonate and the water glass is 1: 3: 0.008: 0.007. the particle sizes of the fly ash, the sodium carbonate, the water glass and the bottom mud are less than 10 mu m.
In the other technical scheme, the fly ash and the bottom mud have strong adsorption characteristics and viscosity (the viscosity is about 1800 + 2500 m.Ps), under the action of a large amount of fly ash with small particle size and large surface area, the fly ash overflows from an overflow hole through a pressure spray gun and is adhered to gaps of waste rocks, and under the water absorption action of sodium carbonate, the addition of the water glass enhances the strength of the fly ash and the bottom mud.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a grouting pipe structure.
FIG. 2 is a plan view showing grouting pipe burying and waste rock filling.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing grouting pipe burying and waste rock filling.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of the effect of slurry pressure-immersion type cement filling.
In the attached drawings, 1, a grouting pipe, 2, a blind plate, 3, a grout overflow hole, 4, a ball valve, 5, a waste rock filling body, 6, an ore pillar, 7, a retaining wall, 8, an overflow observation hole, 9, a roadway top plate, 10, a roadway bottom plate and 11, and a cemented filling body is formed after pressure immersion type grouting.
Detailed Description
Making grouting pipe-pre-embedding grouting pipe-waste stone filling-retaining wall closing-slurry preparation-slurry body pressure soaking-slurry body solidification cementing
Example 1
1. Manufacturing a grouting pipe: the length of the seamless steel pipe can be 1m longer than that of the empty area to be filled, 1 group (2) of slurry overflow holes are oppositely opened on the pipeline at the interval of 1m, the aperture is 10mm, and each group of slurry overflow holes are alternately arranged at 90 degrees. One end of the grouting pipe is plugged by a blind plate, and the other end of the grouting pipe is provided with a screw thread and a matched ball valve.
2. Embedding a grouting pipe: firstly filling waste stones with the thickness of 1m in the dead zone, requiring the surfaces of the waste stones to be as flat as possible, then embedding grouting pipes on the waste stones, requiring the grout overflow holes to be in the upper, lower, left and right directions, and requiring the space between the adjacent grouting pipes to be not more than 2m and the space between the adjacent grouting pipes and the side wall to be not more than 1 m. And then filling waste stones on the grouting pipes, and embedding a layer of grouting pipe with the thickness of 2m every time. The grout overflow holes of the grouting pipes and the grout overflow holes of the adjacent grouting pipes are alternately arranged in a plum blossom shape (see the attached figure 2 specifically).
3. Filling waste rocks: waste rocks are filled into the dead zone by using equipment such as a loader, a retaining wall is built at one end of the dead zone before filling, the retaining wall can be built by red bricks, the thickness of the retaining wall is not less than 370mm, and the retaining wall needs to be closely contacted with surrounding rocks to prevent slurry leakage. The filling equipment enters from the other end. And the waste rock filling and the pre-buried grouting pipe are synchronously and alternately carried out until the waste rock cannot be continuously filled inwards due to the limited space of the equipment, and the distance between the waste rock filling and the pre-buried grouting pipe is generally 0.8-1 m away from the top plate.
4. And (3) closing the retaining wall: and after the waste rock is filled, building retaining walls at two ends of the dead zone, wherein the retaining walls can be built by red bricks, the thickness of the retaining walls is not less than 370mm, and the retaining walls need to be closely contacted with surrounding rocks to prevent slurry leakage. A slurry overflow observation hole is reserved at the contact part of the upper part of the retaining wall and the waste stone top plate.
5. Preparing slurry: mixing cement, water, phosphogypsum, polyoxyethylene ether and laurylamine according to the mass ratio of 1:1:0.1:0.001:0.001, and stirring to prepare slurry, wherein the particle size of the cement, the phosphogypsum and the polyoxyethylene ether is less than 10 mu m.
6. Pressing and soaking the slurry: firstly, connecting an underground filling pipeline with a pre-buried grouting pipeline (the filling pipeline and the grouting pipe can be connected in a cluster connection mode), then pressurizing the prepared slurry by an industrial filling pump, conveying the slurry by the filling pipeline and forcibly pressing the slurry into a waste rock filling body which is filled in advance by the grouting pipeline, and enabling the slurry to be uniformly infiltrated and filling the pores of the whole waste rock filling body. According to the buried depth of the grouting pipe, gradually grouting from bottom to top, wherein the grouting pressure is 6Mpa, and stopping grouting when the grout overflows from the grout overflow observation hole.
7. Setting and cementing the slurry: and waiting for the slurry to solidify and the waste rock to be integrated.
By adopting the technical scheme, the efficiency is high, and the occupational hazard is small. Traditional rock block cemented filling has more processes, the average filling amount is 60m for each year, the slurry pressure immersion type filling amount can reach 110m for each year, and the filling efficiency can be improved by 83%; meanwhile, the traditional rock block cementing filling method generates a large amount of silicon dioxide dust due to the process characteristics, the dust concentration can reach 23mg/m through determination, the method is far higher than the national specified standard, and slurry pressing and immersing filling is adopted.
In the technical scheme, the cost is low, and the filling continuity is good. The paste pumping cemented filling technology has the problem that the aggregate crushing and processing cost is high because lump ore waste rocks are required to be crushed into fine aggregates with the particle size of less than 6 mm; meanwhile, in order to increase the fluidity of the paste, a large amount of fly ash (457 kg of fly ash is added to each cubic filler at present) is added, and the fly ash is purchased from a power plant and has high transportation cost; this filling technique requires a large amount of equipment and facilities, and is costly to operate and maintain. The requirement of slurry pressure immersion type filling on the aggregate is not limited, massive waste stones can be directly used for filling, the crushing link is reduced, the cost can be reduced by 8.7 Yuan/m high-speed cultivation, meanwhile, a large amount of fly ash is not required to be added, the cost is further reduced, equipment and facilities are simple, and the operation and maintenance cost is low. According to the paste pumping cemented filling technology, faults such as pipe blockage and the like are easy to occur in the process of pumping slurry for filling, so that filling is often interrupted, and the fault rate can reach 15%; the slurry pressure immersion type filling is not easy to cause faults such as pipe blockage and the like, the continuous filling can be ensured, and the fault rate is basically zero.
Example 2
A slurry pressure-leaching type filling process comprises the following steps:
(1) filling waste rocks: before filling waste rocks, building a retaining wall at one end of the dead zone, allowing the waste rocks to enter from the other end of the dead zone, embedding a plurality of grouting pipes on the waste rocks, then filling the waste rocks on the grouting pipes, and embedding a layer of grouting pipe in advance when the waste rocks are filled to be 1.5-2.5m thick; filling waste rocks and embedding grouting pipes synchronously and alternately;
(2) pressing and soaking the slurry: pressurizing the slurry by a filling pump (the pressure is 5.6 MPa), pressing the slurry into the waste stone filling body which is filled in advance through a grouting pipe, enabling the slurry to be uniformly infiltrated and fill the pores of the whole waste stone filling body, gradually grouting from bottom to top, and stopping grouting when the slurry overflows from a slurry overflow observation hole; and finishing the slurry pressure-soaking filling after the slurry is solidified and the waste stone is cemented into a whole. The slurry is a mixture of fly ash, bottom mud with the water content of more than 60%, sodium carbonate and water glass, wherein the mass ratio of the fly ash to the bottom mud with the water content of more than 60% to the sodium carbonate to the water glass is 1: 3: 0.008: 0.007, and the particle sizes of the fly ash, the sodium carbonate, the water glass and the bottom mud are less than 10 mu m.
In the technical scheme, the cost is low, and the filling continuity is good. The paste pumping cemented filling technology has the problem that the aggregate crushing and processing cost is high because lump ore waste rocks are required to be crushed into fine aggregates with the particle size of less than 6 mm; meanwhile, in order to increase the fluidity of the paste, a large amount of fly ash (652 kg of fly ash is required to be added to each cubic filler at present) is required to be added, and the fly ash is purchased from a power plant and has high transportation cost; this filling technique requires a large amount of equipment and facilities, and is costly to operate and maintain. The requirement of slurry pressure immersion type filling on the aggregate is not limited, massive waste stones can be directly used for filling, the crushing link is reduced, the cost can be reduced by 6.3 Yuan/m high-speed cultivation, meanwhile, a large amount of fly ash is not required to be added, the cost is further reduced, equipment and facilities are simple, and the operation and maintenance cost is low. According to the paste pumping cemented filling technology, faults such as pipe blockage and the like are easy to occur in the process of pumping slurry for filling, so that filling is often interrupted, and the fault rate can reach 15%; the slurry pressure immersion type filling is not easy to cause faults such as pipe blockage and the like, the continuous filling can be ensured, and the fault rate is basically zero.
Claims (4)
1. The slurry pressure-leaching filling process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) filling waste rocks: before filling waste rocks, building a retaining wall at one end of the dead zone, allowing the waste rocks to enter from the other end of the dead zone, embedding a plurality of grouting pipes on the waste rocks, then filling the waste rocks on the grouting pipes, and embedding a layer of grouting pipe in advance when the waste rocks are filled to be 1.5-2.5m thick; filling waste rocks and embedding grouting pipes synchronously and alternately;
(2) pressing and soaking the slurry: pressurizing the slurry by a filling pump, wherein the pressure is 5-6MPa, pressing the slurry into the waste rock filling body which is filled in advance through a grouting pipe, uniformly infiltrating the slurry, filling the pores of the whole waste rock filling body, gradually grouting from bottom to top, and stopping grouting when the slurry overflows from a slurry overflow observation hole; and (2) after the slurry is solidified and the waste stone is cemented into a whole, slurry pressure immersion filling can be completed, the slurry is a mixture of fly ash, bottom mud with the water content of more than 60%, sodium carbonate and water glass, wherein the mass ratio of the fly ash, the bottom mud with the water content of more than 60%, the sodium carbonate and the water glass is 1: 2-3: 0.005-0.01: 0.005-0.01.
2. The slurry pressure-leaching filling process according to claim 1, wherein the grouting pipes are provided with a pair of slurry overflow holes every 0.8-1.2 meters, and the slurry overflow holes on the grouting pipes are alternately arranged at 90 degrees.
3. The slurry pressure-leaching filling process according to claim 1, wherein the slurry in the step (2) is a mixture of fly ash, bottom mud with a water content of more than 60%, sodium carbonate and water glass, wherein the mass ratio of fly ash, bottom mud with a water content of more than 60%, sodium carbonate and water glass is 1: 3: 0.008: 0.007.
4. the slurry pressure-leaching filling process according to claim 3, wherein the particle size of the fly ash, the sodium carbonate, the water glass and the bottom mud is less than 10 μm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011566122.9A CN112780336B (en) | 2019-01-18 | 2019-01-18 | Pressure leaching type filling mining process |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910085048.XA CN109538290B (en) | 2019-01-18 | 2019-01-18 | Slurry pressure-soaking filling process |
| CN202011566122.9A CN112780336B (en) | 2019-01-18 | 2019-01-18 | Pressure leaching type filling mining process |
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| CN201910085048.XA Division CN109538290B (en) | 2019-01-18 | 2019-01-18 | Slurry pressure-soaking filling process |
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| CN110593142A (en) * | 2019-09-21 | 2019-12-20 | 北京凯新浩达工程技术有限公司 | Bridge repairing method |
| CN113202215A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-08-03 | 中冶南方城市建设工程技术有限公司 | Full concrete outer wall construction method |
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| RU2382883C1 (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2010-02-27 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный горный институт имени Г.В. Плеханова (технический университет)" | Erection method of filling connection strap |
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| WO1998049115A1 (en) * | 1997-04-24 | 1998-11-05 | Sungeric International Inc. | High pulp density, fast setting and high early strength backfill method and material |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109538290B (en) | 2021-02-19 |
| CN109538290A (en) | 2019-03-29 |
| CN112780336B (en) | 2023-03-31 |
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