CN112780255A - Underground fluid component measuring system and method based on distributed optical fiber sensing - Google Patents
Underground fluid component measuring system and method based on distributed optical fiber sensing Download PDFInfo
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- CN112780255A CN112780255A CN202110233494.8A CN202110233494A CN112780255A CN 112780255 A CN112780255 A CN 112780255A CN 202110233494 A CN202110233494 A CN 202110233494A CN 112780255 A CN112780255 A CN 112780255A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/08—Controlling or monitoring pressure or flow of drilling fluid, e.g. automatic filling of boreholes, automatic control of bottom pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
Abstract
The invention provides a distributed optical fiber sensing-based underground fluid component measuring system and a measuring method, wherein an armored optical cable is bound at the outer side of a casing of a vertical well, an inclined well or a horizontal well and is permanently fixed by using well cement, and a laser Raman spectroscopy/DAS/DTS composite instrument on the ground of a wellhead is connected with an underground casing external armored optical cable near the wellhead, so that a distributed optical fiber sensing-based system for real-time in-situ rapid measurement and analysis of underground fluid components and saturation and long-term dynamic monitoring of a liquid production profile of an oil and gas production well is formed. The system can be used for real-time in-situ rapid measurement and analysis of components of various fluids in underground formations and the proportion or saturation of the various fluids in a new borehole, and can also be used for real-time monitoring of the dynamic change condition of the various fluids in each reservoir or each perforation section in the production process of an oil and gas well, thereby providing indispensable means, systems and methods for accurate evaluation, scientific management, optimized development and recovery factor improvement of the oil and gas reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of measurement, and particularly relates to an underground fluid component in-situ measurement system and a measurement method based on distributed optical fiber sensing.
Background
The optical fiber sensing technology started in 1977 and developed rapidly along with the development of the optical fiber communication technology, and the optical fiber sensing technology is an important mark for measuring the informatization degree of a country. The optical fiber sensing technology is widely applied to the fields of military affairs, national defense, aerospace, industrial and mining enterprises, energy environmental protection, industrial control, medicine and health, metering test, building, household appliances and the like, and has a wide market. There are hundreds of fiber sensing technologies in the world, and physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, flow, displacement, vibration, rotation, bending, liquid level, speed, acceleration, sound field, current, voltage, magnetic field, radiation and the like realize sensing with different performances.
The downhole optical fiber sensing system can be used for measuring pressure, temperature, noise, vibration, sound wave, seismic wave, flow, component analysis, electric field and magnetic field downhole. The system is based on a full armored optical cable structure, and the sensor and the connecting and data transmission cable are all made of optical fibers. At present, there are various underground armored optical cables, such as those placed in an underground control pipeline, placed in a coiled tubing, directly integrated into the wall of the coiled tubing made of composite material, bound and fixed outside the coiled tubing, placed in a casing, bound and fixed outside the casing and permanently fixed with well-cementing cement.
Full-wellbore Distributed Temperature (DTS) measurement by laying an armored cable inside and outside a casing or binding an armored cable outside a coiled tubing has been widely applied in oil and gas resource development. The well fluid output or water injection rate can be calculated according to the temperature change measured by the underground oil and gas production well section (perforated well section) or according to the temperature change measured by the water injection well section (perforated well section). However, because the spatial resolution and the temperature measurement sensitivity of the conventional DTS modem are limited, the variation and the accurate position of the well temperature measured by the DTS method have certain errors, so that the error of the well fluid output or water injection of the perforation section calculated according to the variation of the well temperature is large, and the amount of oil, gas and water produced by the perforation section cannot be accurately calculated according to the variation of the well temperature.
Full-well-interval Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) measurement performed by arranging an armored optical cable inside and outside a casing or binding the armored optical cable outside a coiled tubing has been widely applied to oil and gas resource development, but currently, DAS-VSP data acquisition, microseism monitoring and passive seismic data acquisition are mainly used. The industry has just begun to utilize DAS technology to collect downhole noise data, and noise data is utilized to infer production of oil, gas and water at downhole perforated well sections. The method is characterized in that the method only depends on the downhole noise data to infer the oil, gas and water production conditions of the downhole perforated well section, which basically belong to qualitative or semi-quantitative interpretation, and the error is relatively large.
Raman spectroscopy is an analysis method for studying the relationship between scattering generated after molecules of a compound are irradiated with light, the energy level difference between scattered light and incident light, and the vibration frequency and rotation frequency of the compound. Similar to infrared spectroscopy, raman spectroscopy is a vibrational spectroscopy technique. The difference is that the former is related to the change in dipole moment when the molecule vibrates, while the raman effect is a result of the change in polarizability of the molecule, and the measured is inelastic scattered radiation.
Electromagnetic waves with certain wavelengths act on molecules of a substance to be researched, so that the transition of corresponding energy levels of the molecules is caused, and a molecular absorption spectrum is generated. The spectrum causing molecular electronic energy level transition is called electronic absorption spectrum, and the wavelength of the electronic absorption spectrum is located in the ultraviolet-visible light region, so the electronic absorption spectrum is called ultraviolet-visible spectrum. The electronic energy level transition is accompanied by the transition of the vibrational energy level and the rotational energy level. The spectrum causing the vibrational energy level transition of a molecule is called a vibrational spectrum, and the vibrational energy level transition is accompanied by the transition of the rotational energy level. Raman scattering spectra are vibrational-rotational spectra of molecules. When the molecules are irradiated by far infrared light waves, only the transition of the rotation energy level in the molecules is caused, and the pure rotation spectrum is obtained.
Raman spectroscopy has the advantage that it is fast, accurate, does not usually damage the sample (solid, semi-solid, liquid or gas) when measured, and is simple to prepare or even does not require sample preparation. The band signals are typically in the visible or near infrared range and can be effectively used with optical fibers. This also means that the band signal can be obtained from a sample encapsulated in any medium transparent to the laser, such as glass, plastic, or dissolved in water. The modern Raman spectrometer is simple to use, high in analysis speed (from a few seconds to a few minutes) and reliable in performance. Thus, raman spectroscopy is simpler to use with other analytical techniques than other spectroscopic techniques in a sense (both univariate and multivariate methods and calibrations can be used).
The relationship between the intensity of the raman band and the concentration of the analyte obeys beer's law: KLCI0 where IV is the peak intensity at a given wavelength, K represents the instrument and sample parameters, L is the optical path length, C is the molar concentration of a particular component in the sample, and I0 is the laser intensity. In practice, the optical path length is more accurately described as the sample volume, an instrumental variable describing the laser focusing and collection optics. The above equation is the basis for raman quantification applications.
The Raman spectrometer has wide application and is applied to various fields such as physics, chemistry, materials and the like. With the continuous development of raman technology, it is believed that future applications will become more common. The principle of raman spectroscopy is very simple, and when light strikes a sample, the sample molecules scatter the incident light. The frequency of most of the scattered light is unchanged, and we refer to this scattering as rayleigh scattering, and the frequency of some of the scattered light is changed, referred to as raman scattering. The difference in frequency between the scattered light and the incident light is called the raman shift. The laser Raman spectrometer is mainly used for determining the molecular structure of a substance through Raman displacement and carrying out quantitative and qualitative analysis on samples such as solid, liquid, gas, organic matters, macromolecules and the like.
At present, the measurement of the components of various fluids in the stratum deep underground generally depends on the placement of special well logging instruments in newly drilled drill holes, the adherence of special sampling containers in the instruments to extract various fluids (oil, gas and water) around the well wall, the extraction of the fluids from the well mouth after pressure maintaining and sealing, and the transportation of the fluids to a laboratory for the component analysis of the fluids in the well. The sampling efficiency of the instrument is extremely low, and each time of downhole operation, only 12 downhole stratum fluid samples can be collected, and the fluid components in the stratum cannot be analyzed in situ in real time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a downhole sensing unit which can be used for real-time in-situ rapid measurement and analysis of components of various fluids (oil, gas and water) and the proportions or the saturations of various fluids in an underground stratum and carrying out long-term dynamic monitoring on a fluid production profile of an oil-gas production well, wherein the downhole sensing unit is used for real-time in-situ rapid measurement and analysis of the components of various fluids (oil, gas and water) in the underground stratum and the proportions or the saturations of various fluids in the oil-gas production well. The laser Raman spectrum/DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument on the surface of a well head is connected with an external armored optical cable of a well casing near the well head, so that a system for real-time in-situ measurement and analysis of components of the well fluid and monitoring of dynamic change of proportions of various fluids in an oil-gas production storage layer based on distributed optical fiber sensing is formed, and indispensable means, systems and methods are provided for accurate evaluation, optimized development scheme, scientific management and improvement of recovery ratio of an oil-gas reservoir.
The distributed optical fiber sensing technology is the best choice for carrying out in-situ analysis and permanent monitoring on various fluid components in underground stratum, and is the basis for realizing real production informatization and intellectualization of oil and gas fields. The distributed downhole optical fiber sensing has the following advantages:
1) the real-time, high-density and multi-parameter parameters of the whole life cycle of oil and gas field development can be provided, and the scientific level and the efficiency of decision making are improved for the fine oil and gas reservoir description;
2) the underground operation is carried out without interrupting production, so that the production loss, the operation cost, the personnel risk and the environmental pollution risk are avoided;
3) the method can replace and surpass the conventional well logging, not only provides more real-time and high-quality data, but also has high cost performance, and is beneficial for life after being put into use;
4) special equipment is not needed, the method can be conveniently applied to large-slope horizontal wells, horizontal wells and the like, and the operation in oil pipes is not influenced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the underground fluid component measuring system based on distributed optical fiber sensing comprises a metal sleeve, wherein an armored optical cable is fixed on the outer side of the metal sleeve, a composite optical fiber is arranged in the armored optical cable, and the composite optical fiber comprises a high-temperature-resistant high-sensitivity single-mode optical fiber, a multi-mode optical fiber or a special optical fiber.
The armored optical cable comprises a descending armored optical cable, an ascending armored optical cable and a U-shaped bent section armored optical cable positioned at the bottom of the well, underground fluid measuring windows are arranged on the descending armored optical cable at equal intervals, and the armored optical cable further comprises a laser Raman spectrum/DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument placed near the well head;
the laser Raman spectrum/DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument is connected with the composite optical fiber.
The armored optical cable comprises a high-temperature-resistant high-sensitivity single-mode optical fiber, a multi-mode optical fiber or a special optical fiber, and a continuous metal thin tube is arranged outside the high-temperature-resistant high-sensitivity single-mode optical fiber, the multi-mode optical fiber or the special optical fiber for packaging the high-temperature-resistant high-sensitivity single-mode optical fiber, the multi-mode optical fiber or the special optical fiber.
The distance between two underground fluid measuring windows can be any one of 1 meter, 2 meters, 5 meters or 10 meters.
The underground fluid component measuring system based on distributed optical fiber sensing further comprises an annular metal clip, and the annular metal clip is fixedly arranged at the position of the metal casing shoe to protect and fix the armored optical cable.
The laser Raman spectrum/DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument comprises a laser light source, a monochromator, a photoelectric detector, a recorder and a computer; the laser source can be an Ar ion laser, a Kr ion laser, a He-Ne laser, an Nd-YAG laser, a diode laser, or the like. The wavelengths of the Raman laser light source are 325nm (UV), 488nm (blue green), 514nm (green), 633nm (red), 785nm (red) and 1064nm (IR).
The monochromator can be a single grating, a double grating or a triple grating, a plane holographic grating interferometer is generally used, and the monochromator is a CaF with multiple layers of silicon-plated, which is the same as that used on FTIR2Or plated with Fe2O3CaF of2A beam splitter. Quartz beam splitters and extended range KBr beam splitters may also be used.
The detector can adopt a photomultiplier, a CCD detector is mostly adopted at present, and a detector commonly used by FTRaman is a Ge or InGaAs detector.
The measuring method of the underground fluid component measuring system based on the distributed optical fiber sensing comprises the following steps:
(1) synchronously and slowly putting the metal sleeve and the armored optical cable into a drilled well hole;
(2) the annular metal clip is arranged at the junction of the two metal sleeves at the wellhead, so that the armored optical cable is fixed and protected from moving and/or being damaged in the process of casing running;
(3) pumping cement slurry from the well bottom by using a high-pressure pump truck, returning the cement slurry to the well head from the well bottom along an annular area between the outer wall of the metal casing and the drill hole, and permanently fixing the metal casing, the armored optical cable and the stratum rock together after the cement slurry is solidified;
(4) connecting the composite optical fiber in the armored optical cable to the signal output end and the signal input end of a laser source of a laser Raman spectrum/DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument at a wellhead;
(5) and continuously transmitting a sound source signal in the metal sleeve by using a sound source transmitter arranged in the underground perforating gun, and orienting and positioning the armored optical cable arranged outside the metal sleeve at the whole well section by using the armored optical cable and the sound source signal detected by a laser Raman spectrum/DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument on the ground.
(6) And adjusting the position and the position of a perforating bullet in the perforating gun according to the measured position and the measured position of the armored optical cable arranged outside the metal casing of the whole well section, and preventing the armored optical cable arranged outside the metal casing from being broken during perforating through directional perforating operation.
(7) After the cement solidification and well cementation operation is finished, various fluids (water, natural gas and crude oil) in the underground stratum penetrate through the cement sheath to permeate to the periphery of the armored optical cable and enter underground fluid measuring windows arranged on the armored optical cable at equal intervals under the driving of the stratum pressure, starting a laser Raman spectrum/DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument on the ground and transmitting an excited light source signal into a composite optical fiber in an armored optical cable, wherein the light source signal directly irradiates various fluids (water, natural gas and crude oil) entering a measuring window when passing through each underground fluid measuring window, and the laser Raman spectrum/DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument on the ground determines the molecular structure of various fluids (water, natural gas and crude oil) in each underground fluid measuring window through the measured Raman displacement and carries out qualitative and quantitative analysis on the molecular structure. According to the analysis results of the fluid components at different stratum positions, the oil saturation, the gas saturation and the water saturation of the underground reservoir can be quantitatively determined, an optimized development scheme is formulated for the reservoir positions with high oil saturation and high gas saturation, accurate perforation is carried out, and the development cost is greatly reduced.
(8) During oil and gas production, Raman displacement of various fluids (water, natural gas and crude oil) entering an underground fluid measurement window is continuously monitored and measured by a laser Raman spectrum/DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument placed beside a wellhead, and change of fluid components entering a shaft at each perforation position is measured in real time, so that dynamic change of oil, gas and water produced by each oil and gas production zone is known in real time, an on-site oil reservoir engineer can conveniently optimize, adjust and manage production dynamics of an oil and gas well in time, and the yield of the oil and gas well is improved.
The invention provides an underground fluid component measuring system based on distributed optical fiber sensing and a measuring method thereof, which are a low-cost, high-precision and high-reliability fluid component measuring method in an underground reservoir and a method and technology for comprehensively monitoring distribution dynamic change of the fluid component measuring method. The invention provides an underground sensing unit which binds an armored optical cable at the outer side of a casing of a vertical well, an inclined well or a horizontal well and is permanently fixed by well cementation cement, and constructs the underground sensing unit for real-time in-situ rapid measurement and analysis of components of various fluids (oil, gas and water) in an underground stratum and the proportion or saturation of the various fluids and long-term dynamic monitoring of a liquid production profile of an oil-gas production well. The laser Raman spectrum/DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument on the surface of a well head is connected with an armored optical cable outside a well head, so that a system for real-time in-situ measurement and analysis of components of underground fluid based on distributed optical fiber sensing and monitoring of dynamic change of various fluid proportions in an oil-gas production storage layer is formed, and indispensable means, systems and methods are provided for accurate evaluation, scientific management, optimized development and recovery ratio improvement of oil-gas reservoirs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure and downhole deployment of a distributed fiber optic sensing based subterranean fluid composition measurement system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the underground fluid component measuring system based on distributed optical fiber sensing of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete. They are not to be construed as limiting the invention but merely as exemplifications, while the advantages thereof will be more clearly understood and appreciated by way of illustration.
The invention discloses a specific implementation mode of a downhole fluid component measuring and dynamic distribution monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber sensing, which comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 1, the underground fluid component measuring system based on distributed optical fiber sensing comprises a metal sleeve 1, an armored optical cable 2 is fixed on the outer side of the metal sleeve 1, a composite optical fiber 3 is arranged in the armored optical cable 2, the composite optical fiber 3 comprises a high-temperature-resistant high-sensitivity single-mode or multi-mode or special optical fiber, and a continuous metal thin tube is arranged outside the composite optical fiber 3 for packaging.
The armored optical cable 2 comprises a descending armored optical cable, an ascending armored optical cable and a U-shaped bent section armored optical cable positioned at the bottom of the well. Underground fluid measuring windows 4 are arranged on the descending armored optical cable at equal intervals, and the underground fluid measuring system further comprises a laser Raman spectrum/DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 5 arranged near a wellhead;
the underground fluid measuring windows 4 are arranged on the descending armored optical cable 2 at equal intervals, and the interval between the two underground fluid measuring windows 4 can be any one of 1 meter, 2 meters, 5 meters or 10 meters.
The underground fluid component measuring system based on the distributed optical fiber sensing further comprises an annular metal clip 9, wherein the annular metal clip 9 is fixedly arranged at the boot of the metal sleeve 1 to protect and fix the armored optical cable 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the laser raman spectroscopy/DAS/DTS composite instrument 5 includes a laser light source (6), a monochromator 7, a photodetector 8, a recorder and a computer; the laser Raman spectrum/DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 5 is connected with the composite optical fiber 3.
The laser source 6 may be an Ar ion laser, a Kr ion laser, a He-Ne laser, a Nd-YAG laser, or a diode laser. The wavelengths of the Raman laser light source are 325nm (UV), 488nm (blue green), 514nm (green), 633nm (red), 785nm (red) and 1064nm (IR).
The monochromator 7 can be a single grating, a double grating or a triple grating, a plane holographic grating interferometer is generally used, and the same as the plane holographic grating interferometer used on FTIR is a CaF with multiple layers of silicon plating2Or plated with Fe2O3CaF of2A beam splitter. Quartz beam splitters and extended range KBr beam splitters may also be used.
The detector 8 can adopt a photomultiplier, a CCD detector is mostly adopted at present, and a detector commonly used by FTRaman is a Ge or InGaAs detector.
The measuring method of the underground fluid component measuring system based on the distributed optical fiber sensing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) synchronously and slowly putting the metal sleeve 1 and the armored optical cable 2 into a drilled well hole;
(b) the annular metal clip 9 is arranged at the junction of the two metal sleeves 1 at the wellhead to fix and protect the armored optical cable 2 from moving and/or being damaged in the process of casing running;
(c) pumping cement slurry from the well bottom by using a high-pressure pump truck, returning the cement slurry to the well head from the well bottom along an annular area between the outer wall of the metal casing 1 and the drilled hole, and permanently fixing the metal casing 1, the armored optical cable 2 and the stratum rock together after the cement slurry is solidified;
(d) connecting the composite optical fiber 3 to a laser source signal output end and an input end of a laser Raman spectrum/DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 5 at a wellhead;
(e) and continuously transmitting a sound source signal in the metal sleeve 1 by using a sound source transmitter arranged in the underground perforating gun, and orienting and positioning the armored optical cable 2 arranged outside the metal sleeve 1 of the whole well section by using the armored optical cable 2 and the sound source signal detected by a laser Raman spectrum/DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 5 on the ground.
(f) And adjusting the position and the position of a perforating bullet in the perforating gun according to the measured position and the measured position of the armored optical cable 2 arranged outside the metal casing 1 of the whole well section, and preventing the armored optical cable 2 arranged outside the metal casing 1 from being broken during perforating through directional perforating operation.
(g) After cement solidification and well cementation operation is finished, various fluids (water, natural gas and crude oil) in the underground stratum penetrate through a cement sheath to penetrate to the periphery of an armored optical cable 2 and enter underground fluid measuring windows 4 which are arranged on the armored optical cable 2 at equal intervals under the driving of stratum pressure, a laser Raman spectrum/DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 5 is started on the ground and emits excited light source signals into a composite optical fiber 3 in the armored optical cable 2, the light source signals directly irradiate various fluids (water, natural gas and crude oil) entering the measuring windows when passing through the underground fluid measuring windows 4 which are arranged on each armored optical cable 2 at equal intervals, and the laser Raman spectrum/DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 5 on the ground determines various fluids (water, natural gas and crude oil) in each underground fluid measuring window 4 according to the measured Raman displacement, Natural gas, crude oil), which is subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis. According to the analysis results of the fluid components at different stratum positions, the oil saturation, the gas saturation and the water saturation of the underground reservoir can be quantitatively determined, an optimized development scheme is formulated for the reservoir positions with high oil saturation and high gas saturation, accurate perforation is carried out, and the development cost is greatly reduced.
(h) During oil and gas production, Raman displacement of various fluids (water, natural gas and crude oil) in an underground fluid measuring window 4 which is arranged on the armored optical cable 2 outside the metal sleeve 1 at equal intervals is continuously monitored and measured by a laser Raman spectrum/DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 5 arranged beside a wellhead, and the change of fluid components entering a shaft at each perforation position is measured in real time, so that the dynamic change of the oil, gas and water produced by each oil and gas production zone is known in real time, a field oil reservoir engineer can conveniently optimize, adjust and manage the production dynamics of an oil and gas well in time, and the yield of the oil and gas well is improved.
Claims (9)
1. The underground fluid component measuring system based on distributed optical fiber sensing is characterized by comprising a metal sleeve (1), wherein an armored optical cable (2) is fixed on the outer side of the metal sleeve (1), a composite optical fiber (3) is arranged in the armored optical cable (2), and the composite optical fiber (3) comprises a high-temperature-resistant high-sensitivity single-mode optical fiber, a multi-mode optical fiber or a special optical fiber; the armored optical cable (2) sequentially comprises a descending armored optical cable, a U-shaped bent section armored optical cable positioned at the bottom of a well and an ascending armored optical cable, the descending armored optical cable is provided with underground fluid measuring windows (4) at equal intervals, and the armored optical cable further comprises a laser Raman spectrum/DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument (5) placed near the well head;
the laser Raman spectrum/DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument (5) is connected with the composite optical fiber (3) in the armored optical cable (2).
2. A distributed optical fiber sensing-based subterranean fluid component measurement system according to claim 1, wherein said composite optical fiber (3) is externally encapsulated by a continuous metal tubule.
3. A distributed optical fiber sensing based subterranean fluid composition measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the distance between two subterranean fluid measurement windows (4) is any one of 1 meter, 2 meters, 5 meters, or 10 meters.
4. A distributed optical fiber sensing-based underground fluid composition measurement system according to claim 1, further comprising an annular metal clip (9), wherein the annular metal clip (9) is fixedly installed at the boot of the metal sleeve (1) to protect and fix the armored optical cable (2).
5. A distributed optical fiber sensing based subterranean fluid composition measurement system according to claim 1, wherein said laser raman spectroscopy/DAS/DTS complex modem apparatus (5) comprises a laser light source (6), a monochromator (7), a photodetector (8), a recorder and a computer.
6. A distributed fiber sensing-based subterranean fluid composition measurement system according to claim 5, wherein said laser light source (6) is any one of an Ar ion laser, a Kr ion laser, a He-Ne laser, a Nd-YAG laser, or a diode laser; the wavelengths of the Raman laser light source are 325nm, 488nm, 514nm, 633nm, 785nm and 1064 nm.
7. A distributed optical fiber sensing based subterranean fluid composition measurement system according to claim 5, wherein said monochromator (7) can be a single grating, a double grating or a triple grating, using a planar holographic grating interferometer, being a multilayer silicon coated CaF2Or plated with Fe2O3CaF of2A beam splitter, or a quartz beam splitter and an extended-range KBr beam splitter.
8. A distributed optical fiber sensing based subterranean fluid composition measurement system according to claim 5, wherein said detector (8) employs a photomultiplier tube, a CCD detector, a Ge or InGaAs detector.
9. A method of measuring a distributed fibre optic sensing based subterranean fluid composition measurement system according to any of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
(a) synchronously and slowly putting the metal sleeve (1) and the armored optical cable (2) into a well hole which is drilled completely;
(b) the annular metal clip (9) is arranged at the junction of the two metal sleeves (1) at the wellhead, so that the armored optical cable (2) is fixed and protected from moving and/or being damaged in the sleeve descending process;
(c) pumping cement slurry from the well bottom by using a high-pressure pump truck, returning the cement slurry to the well head from the well bottom along an annular area between the outer wall of the metal casing (1) and the drilled hole, and permanently fixing the metal casing (1), the armored optical cable (2) and the stratum rock together after the cement slurry is solidified;
(d) connecting the composite optical fiber (3) in the armored optical cable (2) to the signal output end and the signal input end of a laser source of a laser Raman spectrum/DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument (5) at a wellhead;
(e) continuously transmitting a sound source signal in the metal casing (2) by using a sound source transmitter arranged in the underground perforating gun, and orienting and positioning the armored optical cable (2) arranged outside the metal casing (1) at the whole well section by using the armored optical cable (2) and the sound source signal detected by a laser Raman spectrum/DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument (5) on the ground;
(f) adjusting the position and the position of a perforating bullet in the perforating gun according to the measured position and the measured position of the armored optical cable (2) arranged outside the metal casing (1) of the whole well section, and avoiding the armored optical cable (2) arranged outside the metal casing (1) from being broken during perforating through directional perforating operation;
(g) after cement solidification and well cementation operation is finished, various fluids in the underground stratum penetrate through a cement sheath to permeate around an armored optical cable (2) and enter a subsurface fluid measuring window (4) under the driving of stratum pressure, a laser Raman spectrum/DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument (5) is started on the ground and emits excited light source signals into a composite optical fiber (3) in the armored optical cable (2), the light source signals directly irradiate various fluids entering the measuring window when passing through the subsurface fluid measuring window (4), and the laser Raman spectrum/DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument (5) on the ground determines the molecular structures of various fluids in each subsurface fluid measuring window (4) through the measured Raman displacement and carries out qualitative and quantitative analysis on the molecular structures; according to the analysis results of the fluid components at different stratum positions, the oil saturation, the gas saturation and the water saturation of the underground reservoir can be quantitatively determined, an optimized development scheme is formulated for the reservoir positions with high oil saturation and high gas saturation, accurate perforation development is carried out, and the development cost is greatly reduced;
(h) during oil and gas production, Raman displacement of various fluids entering an underground fluid measuring window (4) is continuously monitored and measured through a laser Raman spectrum/DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument (5) placed beside a wellhead, and change of fluid components entering a shaft at each perforation position is measured in real time, so that dynamic change of oil, gas and water produced by each oil and gas production layer is known in real time, on-site oil reservoir engineers can conveniently and timely optimize, adjust and manage production dynamics of an oil and gas production well, and yield of the oil and gas production well is improved.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
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