CN111577255A - Natural gas storage temperature pressure and vibration monitoring system - Google Patents
Natural gas storage temperature pressure and vibration monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111577255A CN111577255A CN202010434443.7A CN202010434443A CN111577255A CN 111577255 A CN111577255 A CN 111577255A CN 202010434443 A CN202010434443 A CN 202010434443A CN 111577255 A CN111577255 A CN 111577255A
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35383—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using multiple sensor devices using multiplexing techniques
- G01D5/35387—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using multiple sensor devices using multiplexing techniques using wavelength division multiplexing
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
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- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
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- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
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- G01L11/02—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00 by optical means
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Abstract
A natural gas storage temperature pressure and vibration monitoring system relates to a natural gas storage monitoring system, and comprises a distributed optical fiber temperature measuring system, a quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure measuring system and a distributed optical fiber vibration testing system; the distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system adopts an optical frequency domain reflection system-based distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system (OFDR-DTS), and consists of a high-precision temperature measurement optical transceiver, a monitoring optical cable and a connecting tail fiber E2000/APC; the quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure measuring system consists of an optical fiber temperature and pressure demodulator, an optical fiber pressure sensor and a monitoring optical cable; the system can be applied to different well types such as a gas injection well, an observation well, a vertical well extraction well, a horizontal well extraction well and the like, and can provide evaluation basis for underground fluid properties, a gas-liquid interface, an injection-extraction profile and shaft integrity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a natural gas storage monitoring system, in particular to a natural gas storage temperature pressure and vibration monitoring system.
Background
The accurate and timely understanding of the underground temperature and pressure changes of the natural gas (gas storage) well is the key of the efficient and safe operation of the natural gas (gas storage) well, and the problems of injection and production parameter prediction and storage capacity evaluation are sufficiently solved. However, the operation of the natural gas (gas storage reservoir) well has timeliness, spatiality and uncertainty, a gas injection period, a gas production period and a peak regulation emergency period, and is a process of periodically and repeatedly performing forced injection and forced production, the dynamic change range of the operation parameters is large, and the conventional monitoring process cannot meet the monitoring requirements of timely, fast, accurate, long-term and efficient natural gas (gas storage reservoir).
In recent years, the optical fiber sensing test system for the oil field is rapidly developed, and has better application in the aspects of development of steam flooding, SAGD, fire flooding, horizontal wells, natural gas high-pressure wells and the like, and the system is mature day by day. The intrinsic safety system characteristic of the optical signal is different from the electromagnetic signal of the traditional monitoring system, so the system is very suitable for monitoring the natural gas (gas storage) well.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a natural gas storage temperature pressure and vibration monitoring system, which utilizes a high-precision optical fiber temperature pressure long-acting monitoring system and assists an optical fiber vibration testing system to realize the real-time monitoring of temperature profile, pressure and vibration of an observation well of a gas storage, is used for understanding the properties of underground fluid, a gas-liquid interface, an injection-production profile and the integrity of a shaft, and solves the problem that a conventional monitoring system cannot meet the monitoring of natural gas (a gas storage) timely, quickly, accurately and efficiently for a long time.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following system scheme:
a temperature pressure and vibration monitoring system for a natural gas storage comprises a distributed optical fiber temperature measuring system, a quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure measuring system and a distributed optical fiber vibration testing system; the distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system adopts an optical frequency domain reflection system-based distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system (OFDR-DTS), and consists of a high-precision temperature measurement optical transceiver, a monitoring optical cable and a connecting tail fiber E2000/APC; the quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure measuring system consists of an optical fiber temperature and pressure demodulator, an optical fiber pressure sensor and a monitoring optical cable; the optical fiber temperature pressure demodulator adopts a time division and wavelength division multiplexing system to test multichannel and multipoint pressures at high precision; the connection mode of the monitoring optical cable and the optical fiber pressure sensor adopts a connector-free girth welding butt joint system, and the optical cable and the pressure sensor are in equal-diameter butt joint; the distributed optical fiber vibration test system adopts a coherent optical time domain reflectometer (C-OTDR), and simultaneously comprises a heterodyne detection system for testing the sensitivity and the precision of an underground vibration signal; the monitoring optical cable comprises a single-layer pipe, a multi-layer pipe, an inner aluminum coating layer, an inner steel wire stranded armor and an outer steel wire stranded armor structure; the different well type optical cable putting-in modes comprise an optical cable putting-in mode in an oil pipe, an optical cable binding mode outside the oil pipe and an optical cable putting-in mode binding mode outside a sleeve, the optical cables penetrate out of a wellhead mode and are respectively the optical cable putting-in mode in the oil pipe, the optical cables penetrate out through a long-term sealing mode of a blowout preventer and a multi-stage sealer, the optical cable binding mode outside the oil pipe penetrates out through a penetrating hole of the wellhead through the optical cable, the penetrating hole needs to be arranged at a sleeve valve or at a four-way position of the wellhead, and the optical cable is installed outside the sleeve in a penetrating mode that the optical cable penetrates out of a sleeve head.
According to the system for monitoring the temperature, the pressure and the vibration of the natural gas storage, the optical fiber temperature measurement system has the wide range of-20-1200 ℃, the temperature measurement precision of +/-0.2 ℃ and the spatial resolution of 0.5 m.
According to the system for monitoring the temperature, the pressure and the vibration of the natural gas storage, the quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure measuring system adopts a microelectronic MEMS and is combined with an optical fiber sensing system to test the pressure of underground multiple points.
According to the system for monitoring the temperature, the pressure and the vibration of the natural gas storage, the optical fiber pressure sensor adopts an underground pure silicon permanent optical fiber temperature and pressure testing system, and the pressure sensitive chip adopts a full silicon F-P cavity structure and is in direct contact with an external medium.
According to the system for monitoring the temperature, the pressure and the vibration of the natural gas storage, the optical cable is internally provided with the multi-core single-mode/multi-mode high-temperature pure-silicon double-coated optical fiber, the optical fiber is a pure-silicon fiber core, and the outer coating layer is of a polyimide carbon-added structure.
The invention has the advantages and effects that:
the invention adopts a high-precision optical fiber temperature and pressure long-acting monitoring system and an auxiliary optical fiber vibration testing system to realize the real-time monitoring of the temperature profile and the pressure of the gas storage well, obtain the injection and production profile and carry out the comprehensive interpretation and evaluation of the gas storage. The monitoring system has the characteristics of multi-parameter testing, small hysteresis, high testing precision, intrinsic safety and reliability, suitability for various well conditions and the like, and solves the problem that conventional monitoring cannot meet the monitoring problem that natural gas (gas storage) cannot be timely, quickly, accurately and efficiently monitored for a long time.
The following effects on the specific technical measures of the system are described as follows:
1. the distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system in the system adopts the distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system (OFDR-DTS) based on the optical frequency domain reflection system, and has the advantages of wide range of-20-1200 ℃, high temperature measurement accuracy of +/-0.2 ℃, high spatial resolution of 0.5m and the like compared with the optical time domain distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system (OTDR-DTS). The distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system consists of a high-precision temperature measurement optical transceiver, a monitoring optical cable and a connecting tail fiber E2000/APC. The high-precision temperature measuring optical transmitter and receiver is located on the ground, the monitoring optical cable is located underground, and the connecting tail fiber E2000/APC is used for connecting the monitoring optical cable and the temperature measuring optical transmitter and receiver. The high-precision temperature measurement optical transmitter and receiver adopts an OFDR optical frequency domain fine demodulation system to realize high-precision test of a full-well temperature profile.
2. The quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure measuring system in the system adopts a microelectronic MEMS and is combined with an optical fiber sensing system to realize the underground multipoint pressure test. The quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure measuring system consists of an optical fiber temperature and pressure demodulator, an optical fiber pressure sensor and a monitoring optical cable. The optical fiber temperature and pressure demodulator is located on the ground, the optical fiber pressure sensor is located underground, the monitoring optical cable and the distributed optical fiber temperature measuring system share one optical cable, and the monitoring optical cable is used for transmitting underground pressure signals to ground equipment for demodulation. The optical fiber temperature pressure demodulator adopts a time division and wavelength division multiplexing system to realize high-precision testing of multi-channel and multi-point pressure. The optical fiber pressure sensor is manufactured by adopting an underground pure silicon permanent optical fiber temperature and pressure testing system, the pressure sensitive chip adopts an all-silicon F-P cavity structure, can be in direct contact with an external medium, has the characteristics of high temperature resistance of 300 ℃, high pressure resistance of 35MPa, natural gas corrosion resistance, strong hydrogen loss resistance and the like, and can be used for more than three years under the condition of a natural gas well for a long time.
3. The distributed optical fiber vibration test system in the system adopts a coherent optical time domain reflectometer (C-OTDR), and simultaneously introduces a heterodyne detection system to realize high-sensitivity and high-precision test on the underground vibration signal. The distributed optical fiber vibration test system is composed of a distributed optical fiber vibration demodulator, a monitoring optical cable and a connecting tail fiber FC/APC. The distributed optical fiber vibration demodulation instrument is located on the ground, the monitoring optical cable is located underground, the monitoring optical cable and the distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system share one optical cable, and the connection tail fiber FC/APC is used for connecting the monitoring optical cable and the distributed optical fiber vibration demodulation instrument. The distributed optical fiber vibration demodulator adopts a coherent optical time domain reflection system and a heterodyne detection system to realize the minimization of the detection signal-to-noise ratio of the system, and simultaneously increases the vibration frequency response capability of the test system, thereby achieving the high-sensitivity and high-precision test of underground vibration signals.
4. The monitoring optical cable is suitable for various structures, including single-layer pipes, multi-layer pipes, internal aluminum coating layers, internal steel wire stranded armoring, external steel wire stranded armoring structures and the like. The material of the optical cable can be customized according to specific requirements, such as 316L, 825 alloy, 625 alloy and the like. The optical cable is internally provided with a multi-core single-mode/multi-mode high-temperature pure-silicon double-coated optical fiber, the optical fiber is a pure-silicon fiber core, and the outer coating layer is of a polyimide carbon-added structure, so that the optical cable has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength and strong hydrogen loss resistance. The connection mode of the monitoring optical cable and the optical fiber pressure sensor adopts a connector-free girth welding butt joint system to realize equal-diameter butt joint of the optical cable and the pressure sensor.
5 the monitoring of the optical cable which is put in the pipe in the system of the invention is that the optical cable is put in the well from the well mouth, and the monitoring is divided into two stages of operation under pressure and long-term monitoring. The first stage is an operation stage under pressure, a mature mode of installing a blowout preventer, a blowout prevention pipe and a blowout prevention box is adopted in the operation stage, an optical cable enters a well, a crane is used for hanging a crown block and assisting a ground pulley for construction, the optical cable is lowered into a specified position in the well as required, and the blowout prevention pipe, the blowout prevention box and other devices are detached after the optical cable is lowered. The second stage is a long-term monitoring stage, and the wellhead suspension sealer and the multistage sealer are installed, so that long-term sealing is reliable, and regular replacement of the sealing packing can be realized. The whole height of the wellhead is increased lower after the hanger and the multistage sealer are installed, and the risk of wind prevention, lightning protection and the like caused by overhigh height is solved. The ground monitoring equipment is placed in a field on-duty board room or an instrument room to ensure field data monitoring and transmission.
6. According to the system, the optical cable is bundled outside the oil pipe for monitoring, the optical cable is installed on the outer wall of the oil pipe by using the protector in the pipe column operation process, pressure sensors with required quantity are connected underground according to the conditions of the oil layer and the packer, layered pressure data monitoring is guaranteed, the optical cable needs to penetrate through the underground packer in the installation process and seal the penetrating position, and the optical cable also needs to penetrate through a wellhead and seal the wellhead. And after the well head passes through the seal, the optical cable is led out to a monitoring center and enters a field on-duty board house or an instrument room to ensure field data monitoring and transmission.
7. The optical cable is bound outside the casing in the system to monitor, the system is suitable for both a vertical well and a horizontal well, the casing protector and the centralizer are used for protecting the optical cable in the casing running process in a drilling well, the optical cable is run into the well along with a pipe column, the optical cable can be connected with a pressure sensor according to the actual requirements on site when running, the optical cable is bound into the well, the optical fiber centralization protector is used in the vertical well section (above a deflecting point), and the lower casing centralization protector is used in the horizontal section. The sleeve is marked with a cross before the optical cable is sent to the well, the optical cable is ensured to be installed and fixed along the same direction according to the marked position of the sleeve, and cement is used for full-well section cementing. And in the perforation process, a gyro guide instrument is used for testing the marking track of the optical cable, and the perforation is completed by avoiding the optical cable in a directional perforation mode. And (3) passing the optical cable through the casing head and laying the optical cable to a ground monitoring center, and realizing real-time transmission of optical fiber dynamic data through a wireless remote transmission system. The three types of detection can be applied to injection wells, observation wells and extraction wells, and are also applicable to vertical wells and horizontal wells.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a monitoring system diagram of a monitor system for lowering in an oil pipe of different well types under pressure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a long-term monitoring stage of the tubing run-in monitoring system of different well types according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the monitoring system of the present invention for the external bundled optical fiber of the oil pipe of different well types;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the present invention for monitoring a system for monitoring a casing bundled outside of a casing of different well types;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of various configurations of the monitoring cable of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the monitoring optical cable and the optical fiber pressure sensor according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the protection device for the optical fiber pressure sensor according to the present invention.
Part numbers in the figures: the high-precision temperature measurement optical transceiver 1, the optical fiber temperature pressure demodulator 2, the distributed optical fiber vibration demodulator 3, the connection tail fiber 4 and the monitoring optical cable 5; 5-1 parts of single-layer pipe, 5-2 parts of multi-layer pipe, 5-3 parts of internal aluminum coating and 5-4 parts of internal steel wire stranded armor; 5-4-1 parts of steel wires, 5-4-2 parts of optical fiber tubes and 5-4-3 parts of external protection tubes; external steel wire stranded armor 5-5; the system comprises a multipoint optical fiber pressure sensor 6, a monitoring center 7, an industrial personal computer 8, a display 9, a UPS10 and a pressure sensor protection device 11; the device comprises a buckle 11-1 and a pressure sensor protection device 11-2; counterweight 12, tubing 13, casing 14, blowout preventer 15, multi-stage sealer 16, through bore 17, casing head 18.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings.
The system comprises a high-precision temperature measurement optical transceiver, an optical fiber temperature and pressure demodulator, a distributed optical fiber vibration demodulator, a connecting tail fiber, a monitoring optical cable, a multi-point optical fiber pressure sensor, an underground packer, an optical cable protector and other underground matched tools, wherein the high-precision temperature measurement optical transceiver, the optical fiber temperature and pressure demodulator and the distributed optical fiber vibration demodulator are ground equipment and are positioned in a monitoring center. The monitoring optical cable is located underground and connected with ground equipment through a connecting tail fiber. The monitoring optical cable is composed of an optical cable outer tube and a built-in one-core or multi-core high-temperature optical fiber, wherein the optical cable outer tube is suitable for various optical cable structures and comprises a single-layer tube, a multi-layer tube, an internal aluminum coating layer, internal steel wire stranded armor, an external steel wire stranded armor structure and the like, and optical cable materials can be customized according to specific requirements such as 316L, 825 alloy and 625 alloy. The high-temperature optical fiber is a pure silicon fiber core, and the outer coating layer is a polyimide carbon-added structure, so that the high-temperature optical fiber has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength and strong hydrogen loss resistance. The optical fiber temperature pressure sensor is welded with the tail end of the monitoring optical cable, and the welding mode adopts circular welding equal-diameter butt joint without a connector. The optical cable putting-in modes of different well types respectively comprise optical cables put in the oil pipe, optical cables bound outside the oil pipe and optical cables bound outside the sleeve to put in, the optical cables are respectively put out of the wellhead in a mode that the optical cables put in the oil pipe are led out through a blowout preventer and a multi-stage sealer in a long-term sealing mode, the optical cables bound outside the oil pipe are led out through a through hole of the wellhead through the optical cables, the through hole needs to be arranged at a sleeve valve or at a four-way position of the wellhead, and the optical cables are installed outside the sleeve in a mode that the optical cables are led out of a sleeve head and sealing of the through hole is achieved.
The high-precision temperature measuring optical transceiver is arranged in the monitoring center and is matched with an industrial personal computer, a display and a UPS. The high-precision temperature measurement optical transceiver is a core unit of a distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system, and mainly has the functions of transmitting, receiving, filtering, amplifying, information processing, data analysis and output of optical signals. The high-precision temperature measurement optical transceiver adopts a distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system (OFDR-DTS) based on an optical frequency domain reflection system, and has the characteristics of high temperature measurement precision, high positioning precision, high spatial resolution and the like compared with the OTDR-DTS of the conventional temperature measurement optical transceiver. The optical transmitter and receiver light source adopts a narrow-band laser source, the spontaneous noise in the system can be reduced, the average effectiveness of the system is increased, and the test period is greatly shortened. Aiming at the characteristics of high temperature, high pressure, corrosion and the like existing in the underground of a natural gas well, the center wavelength, the line width, the maximum continuous output power and the like of a light source are considered, 1064nm is finally selected as the wavelength of a laser light source, and the hydrogen loss of an optical fiber in the wave band reaches the minimum, so that the temperature measurement precision of a temperature measurement system under the underground complex environment condition is ensured. Meanwhile, a step frequency scanning type phase-locked amplification system is adopted in the system, the detection signal-to-noise ratio of the Raman scattering signal is improved, and the test precision of the temperature measurement system can be improved.
The optical fiber temperature and pressure demodulator is arranged in the monitoring center and shares a set of matched equipment with the high-precision temperature measuring optical transceiver. The optical fiber temperature and pressure demodulator is core equipment of a quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure measuring system and is used for realizing excitation of an input light source of the optical fiber pressure sensor and demodulation of an output spectrum signal. The demodulator adopts a scanning laser, a pulse time division modulation and a parallel spectrum detection system, and can accurately monitor pressure signals under the condition that transmission loss exists in an underground monitoring optical cable or optical fiber loss caused by a splitter. Meanwhile, the optical fiber temperature and pressure demodulator supports WDM full-spectrum wavelength division and TDM multi-node time division detection, greatly improves the channel capacity of the single-core optical fiber, and can simultaneously demodulate a plurality of same-wavelength pressure sensors which are networked in a parallel mode.
The distributed optical fiber vibration demodulator is arranged in the monitoring center and shares a set of matched equipment with the high-precision temperature measurement optical transceiver. The distributed optical fiber vibration demodulator is the core of a distributed optical fiber vibration test system and is used for a vibration information storage, display, alarm output, information setting and data sharing platform of the whole test system. The demodulator adopts a coherent optical time domain reflection system, can inhibit internal correlated noise, filters spontaneous radiation noise of the EDFA, improves the dynamic range and the signal-to-noise ratio of the system, and has the characteristics of high sensitivity, high positioning precision, high spatial resolution and the like compared with the conventional phi-OTDR equipment.
The monitoring optical cable is composed of an optical cable outer tube and a built-in one-core or multi-core high-temperature optical fiber, wherein the monitoring optical cable outer tube is suitable for various optical cable structures and comprises a single-layer tube, a multi-layer tube, an internal aluminum coating layer, internal steel wire stranded armor, an external steel wire stranded armor structure and the like, and optical cable materials can be customized to 316L, 825 alloy, 625 alloy and the like according to specific requirements. The monitoring optical cable production equipment is an imported SWISSCAB (Switzerland) production line, the stainless steel band realizes longitudinal and transverse welding one-step forming, the cabling speed is as high as 30m/min, the surplus length is accurately controlled, the welding quality is excellent, the optical fiber can be optimally protected, meanwhile, the optical cable can be subjected to multi-core tube forming, the drawing mode and the eddy current flaw detection are carried out on-line detection, and 100% damage of the steel tube is guaranteed. The high-temperature optical fiber is a pure silicon fiber core, and the outer coating layer is a polyimide carbon-added structure, so that the high-temperature optical fiber has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength and strong hydrogen loss resistance.
The monitoring optical cable is wound on the optical cable disc or the optical cable winch, and the optical cable can be bound with the oil pipe and can be put into the oil pipe or can be put into the oil pipe.
The optical fiber pressure sensor is a sensing unit of a quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure measuring system and is used for measuring underground pressure signals, the optical fiber pressure sensor adopts a micron/nanometer processing and manufacturing process, and an F-P pressure sensitive chip and a miniaturized high-temperature collimation beam-expanding optical fiber integrated welding and packaging system, the processed optical fiber pressure sensor has the volume of 0.4mm to 0.4mm, and the miniaturization of the optical fiber pressure sensor is realized. The pressure sensitive F-P chip of the pressure sensor is made of all-silicon materials, has the characteristics of corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, high pressure resistance, no hidden fatigue and aging danger and the like, can run reliably in a dynamic high-temperature and high-pressure environment for a long time, adopts a time division/wavelength division multiplexing mode in a networking mode of a quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure measuring system, is connected with a plurality of optical fiber pressure sensors in parallel on one optical fiber through a miniaturized high-temperature optical fiber wave combiner, and has complete fault isolation capability.
The optical fiber pressure sensor is welded with the tail end of the monitoring optical cable, the welding equipment adopts a full-automatic ring welding machine, the welding period is as short as 30s, and the optical cable connector is avoided by the welding mode, so that the underground construction is facilitated.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, an optical fiber temperature pressure vibration monitoring system for a natural gas (gas storage reservoir) well includes: the device comprises a high-precision temperature measurement optical transceiver 1, an optical fiber temperature pressure demodulator 2, a distributed optical fiber vibration demodulator 3, a connecting tail fiber 4, a monitoring optical cable 5, a multi-point optical fiber pressure sensor 6, an underground matched tool and the like. The high-precision temperature measurement optical transceiver 1, the optical fiber temperature pressure demodulator 2 and the distributed optical fiber vibration demodulator 3 are ground equipment and are located in a monitoring center 7, the tail end of the monitoring optical cable 5 and the optical fiber pressure sensor 6 are welded in an equal-diameter mode through a full-automatic welding machine, the monitoring optical cable 5 and the optical fiber pressure sensor 6 are located underground and are connected with the ground equipment through connecting tail fibers. The monitoring optical cable 5 is composed of an optical cable outer tube and a built-in one-core or multi-core high-temperature optical fiber, wherein the optical cable outer tube is suitable for various optical cable structures and comprises a single-layer tube 5-1, a multi-layer tube 5-2, an inner aluminum coating 5-3, an inner steel wire stranded armor 5-4, an outer steel wire stranded armor 5-5 and the like, and optical cable materials can be customized according to specific requirements such as 316L, 825 alloy, 625 alloy and the like. The high-temperature optical fiber is a pure silicon fiber core, and the outer coating layer is a polyimide carbon-added structure.
The high-precision temperature measurement optical transceiver 1, the optical fiber temperature and pressure demodulator 2 and the distributed optical fiber vibration demodulator 3 are core devices of a distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system, a quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure measurement system and a distributed optical fiber vibration test system respectively, and the 3 are located in a monitoring center 7 and are used in a matched mode with an industrial personal computer 8, a display 9 and a UPS10 respectively.
The outer pipe of the monitoring optical cable 5 is suitable for various optical cable structures and comprises a single-layer pipe 5-1, a multi-layer pipe 5-2, an inner aluminum coating 5-3, an inner steel wire stranded armor 5-4, an outer steel wire stranded armor 5-5 and the like. Taking an inner steel wire stranded armor structure as an example, the inner part is formed by spirally stranding five steel wires 5-4-1 and two optical fiber tubes 5-4-2, and the outer protection tube 5-4-3 is a 825 steel tube with the size of 1/4'. One of the optical fiber tubes 5-4-2 is internally provided with one or multiple cores of high-temperature pure silicon double-batch coated multimode optical fibers, the other optical fiber tube is internally provided with one or multiple cores of high-temperature pure silicon double-batch coated single mode optical fibers, and the optical fiber tube internally provided with the high-temperature pure silicon double-batch coated single mode optical fibers is filled with fiber paste.
The optical fiber pressure sensor 6 is a sensing unit of the quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure measuring system, and the optical fiber pressure sensor 6 is composed of an F-P pressure sensitive chip, a transmission optical fiber and an outer protection structure, wherein the F-P pressure sensitive chip and the transmission optical fiber are connected through glass welding, and the outer protection structure is used for sealing the F-P pressure sensitive chip with the outside.
The optical fiber pressure sensor 6 is welded with the tail end of the monitoring optical cable 5, and the welding mode adopts circular welding equal-diameter butt joint without a connector. After the pressure sensor is connected with the optical cable, the pressure sensor protection device 11 is installed outside the well and used for preventing the pressure sensor 6 from being damaged due to collision between the pressure sensor 6 and a pipe column in the process of going into the well. The optical fiber pressure sensor 6 is fixed by the pressure sensor protection device 11 through the parallel buckles 11-1, the fixed pressure sensor 6 and the buckles 11-1 are placed in the groove of the pressure sensor protection device 11-2, the buckles 11-1 are clamped at the upper end of the pressure sensor protection device 11-2, and the balance weight 12 is arranged at the lower end of the pressure sensor protection device 11.
The monitoring optical cable 5 is wound on an optical cable disc or an optical cable winch, and the optical cable can be bound with an oil pipe or can be put into the oil pipe.
The optical cable putting-in modes of different well types respectively comprise the modes of putting the optical cable in an oil pipe 13, binding the optical cable outside the oil pipe 13 and binding the optical cable outside a sleeve 14, the optical cable penetrates out of a well head in a mode that the optical cable is put in the oil pipe 13 respectively, the optical cable penetrates out through a blowout preventer 15 and a multi-stage sealer 16 in a long-term sealing mode, the optical cable bound outside the oil pipe 13 penetrates out through a through hole 17 of the well head through the monitoring optical cable 5, the through hole needs to be arranged at a sleeve valve or at a four-way position of the well head, and the optical cable is arranged outside the sleeve 14 and penetrates out through a sleeve head 18 through the monitoring optical cable 5 to seal the through position. The ground connection mode is that the optical cable is laid to a monitoring center according to a specified route, and the tail fiber and the ground demodulation equipment are connected, so that ground demodulation and data transmission are realized.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any system person skilled in the art of the present system can easily think of the changes or substitutions within the scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A natural gas storage temperature pressure and vibration monitoring system is characterized by comprising a distributed optical fiber temperature measuring system, a quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure measuring system and a distributed optical fiber vibration testing system; the distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system adopts an optical frequency domain reflection system-based distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system (OFDR-DTS), and consists of a high-precision temperature measurement optical transceiver, a monitoring optical cable and a connecting tail fiber E2000/APC; the quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure measuring system consists of an optical fiber temperature and pressure demodulator, an optical fiber pressure sensor and a monitoring optical cable; the optical fiber temperature pressure demodulator adopts a time division and wavelength division multiplexing system to test multichannel and multipoint pressures at high precision; the connection mode of the monitoring optical cable and the optical fiber pressure sensor adopts a connector-free girth welding butt joint system, and the optical cable and the pressure sensor are in equal-diameter butt joint; the distributed optical fiber vibration test system adopts a coherent optical time domain reflectometer (C-OTDR), and simultaneously comprises a heterodyne detection system for testing the sensitivity and the precision of an underground vibration signal; the monitoring optical cable comprises a single-layer pipe, a multi-layer pipe, an inner aluminum coating layer, an inner steel wire stranded armor and an outer steel wire stranded armor structure; the different well type optical cable putting-in modes comprise an optical cable putting-in mode in an oil pipe, an optical cable binding mode outside the oil pipe and an optical cable putting-in mode binding mode outside a sleeve, the optical cables penetrate out of a wellhead mode and are respectively the optical cable putting-in mode in the oil pipe, the optical cables penetrate out through a long-term sealing mode of a blowout preventer and a multi-stage sealer, the optical cable binding mode outside the oil pipe penetrates out through a penetrating hole of the wellhead through the optical cable, the penetrating hole needs to be arranged at a sleeve valve or at a four-way position of the wellhead, and the optical cable is installed outside the sleeve in a penetrating mode that the optical cable penetrates out of a sleeve head.
2. The system for monitoring the temperature, the pressure and the vibration of the natural gas storage pool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parameters of the optical fiber temperature measurement system are wide range-20-1200 ℃, temperature measurement accuracy +/-0.2 ℃ and spatial resolution 0.5 m.
3. The system for monitoring the temperature, pressure and vibration of the natural gas storage reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the quasi-distributed optical fiber pressure measurement system adopts a microelectronic MEMS and is combined with an optical fiber sensing system to test the pressure at multiple points in the well.
4. The system for monitoring the temperature, pressure and vibration of the natural gas storage according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber pressure sensor adopts a downhole pure silicon permanent optical fiber temperature and pressure testing system, and the pressure sensitive chip adopts an all-silicon F-P cavity structure and is in direct contact with an external medium.
5. The system for monitoring the temperature, pressure and vibration of the natural gas storage according to claim 1, wherein the optical cable is internally provided with a multicore single-mode/multimode high-temperature pure silicon double-coated optical fiber, the optical fiber is a pure silicon fiber core, and the outer coating layer is a polyimide carbon-added structure.
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| CN111927444A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-13 | 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 | Method for evaluating gas injection capacity of depleted oil-gas reservoir gas storage |
| CN112593924A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-02 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Underground gas storage safety operation monitoring system and monitoring method |
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| CN114396255A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-04-26 | 西南石油大学 | Reservoir temperature prediction method for gas well of underground gas storage |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111927444A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-13 | 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 | Method for evaluating gas injection capacity of depleted oil-gas reservoir gas storage |
| CN112593924A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-02 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Underground gas storage safety operation monitoring system and monitoring method |
| CN112761626A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-07 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Method for determining gas-liquid interface position between SAGD injection and production wells |
| CN112761626B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2023-06-20 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Method for determining steam-liquid interface position between SAGD injection and production wells |
| CN112780255A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-05-11 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Underground fluid component measuring system and method based on distributed optical fiber sensing |
| CN114396255A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-04-26 | 西南石油大学 | Reservoir temperature prediction method for gas well of underground gas storage |
| CN114396255B (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2023-09-19 | 西南石油大学 | Reservoir temperature prediction method for underground gas storage well |
| CN116699698A (en) * | 2023-08-07 | 2023-09-05 | 大庆信辰油田技术服务有限公司 | Optical fiber permanent monitoring equipment and method for gas storage well |
| CN116699698B (en) * | 2023-08-07 | 2023-10-03 | 大庆信辰油田技术服务有限公司 | Optical fiber permanent monitoring equipment and method for gas storage well |
| CN117028839A (en) * | 2023-08-14 | 2023-11-10 | 中国矿业大学 | Intelligent monitoring method and early warning system for leakage of hydrogen gas storage |
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