CN112778744A - High-energy-storage-density poly (arylene ether nitrile) composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
High-energy-storage-density poly (arylene ether nitrile) composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high energy storage density poly (arylene ether nitrile) composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. The method adopts polydopamine as a surface modifier to carry out organic modification treatment on the surfaces of barium titanate particles; such that it has organophilic chemical bonds; reducing agglomeration among the barium titanate particles; the uniform dispersion characteristic of barium titanate in a polymer matrix is improved; the poly-arylene ether nitrile is used as a polymer matrix material, so that the defect of low heat resistance of the polypropylene polymer dielectric of the traditional capacitor is overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-energy-storage-density poly (arylene ether nitrile) composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of high-molecular dielectric materials.
Background
Capacitors are one of the most basic and important electronic components in the electronics industry. In recent years, in the field of electronic and electric appliances, there has been an increasing demand for lightweight and high energy storage density capacitors. In order to adapt to the development of high energy storage density capacitors towards miniaturization and light weight, the development trend of the current high energy storage density capacitors is represented by adopting an organic film with the characteristics of high temperature resistance and high energy storage density as a dielectric material. Due to the progress of electronic science and technology, the demand for developing light-weight, miniaturized and high-energy-storage-density integrated capacitors is increasingly urgent. The key material of the capacitor is high dielectric medium, so the development of novel high dielectric material is the key to prepare the high energy storage density capacitor. In order to prepare the light, miniaturized and integrated capacitor with high energy storage density, a novel dielectric medium with high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, high breakdown strength, convenience in processing, low density and the like and excellent comprehensive performance is required. Typically, a dielectric composed of a single material can only satisfy one or two of these conditions. The simplest and most effective method is to complement the properties of the material by the existing material through the method for preparing the composite material.
Barium titanate material (BaTiO)3BT, abbreviated as BT) is an ideal inorganic filler for improving the dielectric properties of polymers, and has very high dielectric constant (epsilon. about.3000) and low dielectric loss (0.001) at room temperature. However, the density of barium titanate itself is relatively large (6.017 g/cm)3) The dielectric material has small breakdown strength (25kV/mm), is difficult to form and process, and is difficult to simultaneously meet the comprehensive requirements of thin thickness, light weight, high dielectric constant and low loss of the dielectric material. Compared to high dielectric ceramics in conventional ceramic capacitors, polymer-based dielectrics have a lower density but tend to have a lower dielectric constant.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high energy storage density poly (arylene ether nitrile) based composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Polyarylene Ether Nitrile (PEN) has heat resistance almost comparable to that of polyimide and polyether ether ketone, and is equivalent to polyether ether ketone (initial thermal decomposition temperature >480 ℃) and excellent in heat resistance. This is mainly due to the dipole effect between the nitrile-based polar groups that enhances the forces between the poly (arylene ether nitrile) moieties and the aromatic groups present on the backbone of the poly (arylene ether nitrile) molecule. Further, the pure polyarylene ether nitrile has a dielectric constant of about 3.5 to 5.0, a breakdown strength of about 150kV/mm, and a storage density of about 0.5J/cc. The interfacial bonding effect between pure barium titanate and poly (arylene ether nitrile) is not ideal. According to the method, firstly, polydopamine is adopted to organically modify the surface of barium titanate, so that a polymer modification layer is arranged on the surface of BT, then BT filler with the polydopamine modification layer on the surface is added into a poly (arylene ether nitrile) matrix, and finally the high-dielectric poly (arylene ether nitrile) with obviously enhanced dielectric constant is obtained.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
the preparation method of the high energy storage density poly (arylene ether nitrile) composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, dispersing the modified BT particles in a proper amount of organic solvent, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain modified BT particle suspension; heating to completely dissolve PEN solid particles in a proper amount of organic solvent to obtain a PEN solution;
s2, adding the modified BT particle suspension into the PEN solution, and mechanically stirring for 30min to form a uniformly mixed suspension; s3, casting the suspension on a glass plate which is horizontally placed;
s3, removing the solvent step by adopting a program; and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the PDA @ BT/PEN composite film.
In step S1, the organic solvent is nitrogen methyl pyrrolidone solvent NMP or nitrogen dimethyl formamide DMF.
The modified BT particle content is 10-40 wt% of the total mass of the modified BT particles and the PEN solid particles.
The temperature increase process in step S3 is: keeping the temperature at 80 ℃ for 1h, keeping the temperature at 120 ℃ for 1h, keeping the temperature at 140 ℃ for 1h, and keeping the temperature at 160 ℃ for 3 h.
The preparation method of the modified BT particle comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively taking barium titanate particles with different particle sizes and dopamine hydrochloride according to the mass ratio of 10: 1; dispersing barium titanate particles in ultrapure water by ultrasonic treatment for 30min under a shading condition;
(2) transferring the barium titanate particle suspension into a light-proof reaction container, putting the reaction container into a constant-temperature magnetic stirring oil bath pot, and carrying out oil bath at the temperature of 90 ℃;
(3) slowly stirring, slowly adding the dopamine hydrochloride aqueous solution into the barium titanate particle suspension for multiple times, and completely transferring residual dopamine into a reaction container by using a small amount of ultrapure water;
(4) stirring at 90 deg.C for 24 hr, centrifuging with alcohol solvent for 2 times, and collecting lower layer precipitate; and (3) drying for 2 days in vacuum at 30 ℃ to obtain the polydopamine-coated BT particles with different particle sizes, namely the modified BT particles.
The particle diameter of the barium titanate particles is 100 nm-2 mu m.
In the dopamine hydrochloride aqueous solution, the ratio of dopamine hydrochloride: h2O＝0.3g:50mL。
The poly (arylene ether nitrile) based composite material with high energy storage density, which is obtained by the invention, can be used for preparing a capacitor with high energy storage density.
The invention also provides a high energy storage density capacitor, which comprises the high energy storage density poly (arylene ether nitrile) based composite material as a high dielectric composite material.
The invention has the following technical effects:
(1) carrying out organic modification treatment on the surfaces of barium titanate particles by adopting polydopamine as a surface modifier; such that it has organophilic chemical bonds; reducing agglomeration among the barium titanate particles; the uniform dispersion characteristic of barium titanate in the polymer matrix is improved.
(2) The influence of barium titanate with different particle sizes on the energy storage density of the composite material is researched by adopting barium titanate with different particle sizes as a filler. And barium titanate fillers with different contents are added to study the influence of different filler contents on the dielectric property of the composite material. The BT/PEN composite material with optimal comprehensive dielectric property is prepared by optimizing the grain size and content of the filler.
(3) The poly-arylene ether nitrile is used as a polymer matrix material, so that the defect of low heat resistance of the polypropylene polymer dielectric of the traditional capacitor is overcome.
Drawings
FIG. 1a is a scanning electron microscope image of barium titanate with a particle size of 100 nm;
FIG. 1b is a scanning electron microscope image of barium titanate with a particle size of 300 nm;
FIG. 1c is a scanning electron microscope image of 500nm particle size barium titanate;
FIG. 1d is a scanning electron microscope image of barium titanate with a particle size of 2 μm;
FIG. 2a is a transmission electron micrograph of barium titanate having a particle size of 100 nm;
FIG. 2b is a TEM image of barium titanate (core-shell structure) coated with polydopamine and having a particle size of 100 nm;
FIG. 3a is a scanning electron microscope cross-sectional view of the prepared 100nm barium titanate/poly (arylene ether nitrile) dielectric composite;
FIG. 3b is a scanning electron microscope cross-section of the prepared 300nm barium titanate/poly (arylene ether nitrile) dielectric composite;
FIG. 3c is a scanning electron microscope cross-section of the prepared 500nm barium titanate/poly (arylene ether nitrile) dielectric composite;
FIG. 3d is a scanning electron microscope cross-sectional view of the prepared 2 μm-diameter barium titanate/poly (arylene ether nitrile) dielectric composite.
FIG. 4a is one of the charge and discharge characteristic curves of a composite material (20%) having core-shell structure particles as a filler, the core-shell structure particles being prepared from barium titanate-coated polydopamine having a particle size of 300 nm;
fig. 4b shows one of the charge/discharge characteristic curves of a composite material (20%) having as a filler core-shell structure particles prepared from barium titanate-coated polydopamine having a particle size of 300 nm.
Detailed Description
The specific technical scheme of the invention is described by combining the embodiment.
In this example, 4 kinds of barium titanate (BT: 100nm,300nm,500nm, and 2 μm) with different particle sizes were selected to be compounded with poly (arylene ether nitrile), and 300nm filler was preferably selected for further study. Thus, it is preferable that 300nm of the filler is compounded with the poly (arylene ether nitrile) to vary the filler content, and BT/PEN composites having filler contents of 10 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 30 wt%, 35 wt% and 40 wt% are prepared. The composite material with the weight percentage of 30 percent is preferably selected to further study the main dielectric properties of the composite material, such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss, dielectric strength energy storage density, charge and discharge efficiency and the like.
Preparing modified BT particles, namely core-shell poly-dopamine-coated nanoparticles:
(1) 3g of barium titanate (BT: 100nm,300nm,500nm, and 2 μm) with different particle sizes and 0.3g of dopamine hydrochloride were put into 2 small beakers according to the ratio of 10: 1. Dispersing BT nano particles in 90mL of ultrapure water by ultrasonic treatment for 30 min;
scanning electron micrographs of 4 barium titanates (BT: 100nm,300nm,500nm, and 2 μm) of different particle sizes in FIGS. 1a to 1 d;
(2) transferring the BT suspension into a calibrated three-mouth bottle (a small beaker and the three-mouth bottle need to be shielded from light), and putting the three-mouth bottle into a constant-temperature magnetic stirring oil bath kettle at the oil bath temperature of 90 ℃;
(3) slowly stirring was started, and an aqueous dopamine hydrochloride solution (dopamine hydrochloride: H)2O-0.3 g:50mL) was slowly added to the BT suspension in portions, and the remaining dopamine was transferred into a three-necked flask with a small amount of ultrapure water;
(4) stirring at 90 deg.C for 24h, washing with alcohol solvent by centrifugation (10000 rpm. times.10 min) for 2 times, and collecting the lower layer precipitate. Vacuum drying at 30 deg.C for 2 days to obtain Polydopamine (PDA) -coated BT nanoparticles (PDA @ BT), i.e. modified BT particles.
FIG. 2a and FIG. 2b are transmission electron micrographs of barium titanate having a particle size of 100nm and barium titanate coated with polydopamine (core-shell structure).
The preparation method of the high energy storage density poly (arylene ether nitrile) composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, taking the modified BT particles and PEN solid particles (the mass fraction of BT in the composite material is 10-40 wt%). Respectively dispersing the modified BT nano particles in a proper amount of N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, completely dissolving PEN solid particles in a proper amount of NMP, and heating to dissolve the PEN in the NMP and enable the solution to be transparent;
s2, adding the BT suspension into PEN, and mechanically stirring for 30min to form a uniformly mixed suspension. Finally, casting the glass plate on a horizontally placed glass plate;
and S3, gradually removing the solvent by adopting programmed temperature rise (heat preservation at 80 ℃ for 1h, at 120 ℃ for 1h, at 140 ℃ for 1h and at 160 ℃ for 3 h). And naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the PDA @ BT/PEN nano composite film with the mass fraction of 20 wt.%. According to the difference of the particle size of barium titanate, the particles are respectively expressed as PDA @ BT100/PEN, PDA @ BT300/PEN, PDA @ BT500/PEN and PDA @ BT 2000/PEN.
The cross-sectional scanning electron micrographs of the prepared barium titanate/poly (arylene ether nitrile) dielectric composite materials with different particle sizes are shown in FIGS. 3a to 3 d.
In this embodiment, a composite material with a barium titanate mass fraction of 20 wt% is preferably used as a further research object to characterize the main dielectric properties such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss, dielectric strength energy storage density, charge and discharge efficiency, and the like.
TABLE 1 dielectric property table of PDA @ BT/PEN composite material with content of 20% and different particle sizes
The content of the filler of PDA @ BT is fixed to be 20 percent, and the particle size of BT (BT: 100nm,300nm,500nm and 2 mu m) in the PDA @ BT/PEN composite material is only changed to obtain the PDA @ BT/PEN composite materialSpecific changes to the dielectric properties of the composite are shown in table 1. As can be seen from the table, the energy storage density of the PDA @ BT/PEN composite increases and then decreases gradually as the BT filler particle size increases. Wherein when the grain diameter of the BT filler is 300 nanometers, the energy storage density of the PDA @ BT/PEN composite material is the maximum and is 0.75J/cm3(130 kV/mm). From Table 1, PDA @ BT fillers with a particle size of 300nm were preferred and further investigated by varying the filler content.
TABLE 2 dielectric property chart of composite material with 300nm particle size of different PDA @ BT mass fractions
Selecting PDA @ BT with the grain diameter of 300nm as a filler, only changing the content of the PDA @ BT filler in the poly (arylene ether nitrile) resin, and mixing the PDA @ BT filler with the grain diameter of 300nm and PEN with a certain mass ratio to prepare the composite material. The filler contents were 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 30 wt%, 35 wt% and 40 wt%, respectively. Specific changes in dielectric properties of the resulting composite are shown in table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, the energy storage density of the PDA @ BT/PEN composite increases and then decreases progressively as the amount of PDA @ BT filler increases. Wherein when the content of the PDA @ BT filler is 30 percent, the energy storage density of the PDA @ BT/PEN composite material is the maximum and is 1.37J/cm3(150 kV/mm). From Table 2, the PDA @ BT/PEN composite material prepared from the PDA @ BT filler with the particle size of 300nm and the content of 30% is preferably selected, and the charge-discharge characteristic curve of the composite material is further researched.
The application of high power capacitor in energy storage field, besides the energy density, has higher power density and fast discharge time. Single pulse discharge experiments were performed on 30 wt.% PDA @ BT300 nm/PEN nanocomposites. As shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b, the nanocomposite achieved a sub-microsecond discharge rate in series with a 20k Ω resistance under a 100kV/mm electric field. In general by τ0.9The discharge time of the pulse power capacitor is represented, and the time required for the discharge energy density to reach 90% of the total discharge energy density is represented.
TABLE 3 Single pulse discharge characteristic parameters of some polymer-based composites
| Polymer matrix | Kind of filler | Filler content | RL(kΩ) | E(kV/mm) | Wrec(J/cm3) | τ0.9(μs) | Prec(MW/cm3) | |
| P(VDF-HFP)/PMMA | Is free of | 0％ | 100 | 100 | 0.81 | 9.2 | 0.09 | |
| BOPP | Is free of | 0％ | 20 | 100 | 0.18 | 23.6 | 0.008 | |
| P(VDF-HFP) | BT | 4wt％ | 20 | 100 | 0.96 | 9.6 | 0.1 | |
| P(VDF-CTFE) | BT/BNNS | 15wt.％/12wt.％ | - | - | 2.89 | 3.4 | 0.85 | |
| PVDF | BST NW/BNNS | 8vol％/ |
20 | 200 | 2.02 | 2.22 | 0.91 | |
| PVDF | ST NFs | 2.5vol％ | 10 | 90 | 0.75 | 550 | - | |
| PVDF | BST NWs | 7.5vol％ | 20 | 200 | 3.15 | 2.3 | 1.37 | |
| PVDF | TNA | 7.5vol％ | - | 100 | 0.9 | 0.1 | - | |
| PVDF | ST NFs | 5vol％ | 0.3 | 200 | - | 0.178 | 2.31 | |
| PEN | | 30wt.％ | 20 | 100 | 0.26 | 0.138 | 1.88 |
Table 3 lists the parameters of the single-pulse discharge characteristics of some of the polymer-based composites. As can be seen, the power density of the PDA @ BT/PEN nanocomposite reaches 1.88MW/cm3Is more than 262 times of the BOPP (the power density of the BOPP is 0.008MW/cm under 100 kV/mm)3). The result shows that the PDA @ BT300 nm/PEN nano composite material has great potential in the application field of high pulse power capacitors.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the high energy storage density poly (arylene ether nitrile) composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, dispersing the modified BT particles in a proper amount of organic solvent, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain modified BT particle suspension; heating to completely dissolve PEN solid particles in a proper amount of organic solvent to obtain a PEN solution;
s2, adding the modified BT particle suspension into the PEN solution, and mechanically stirring for 30min to form a uniformly mixed suspension; s3, casting the suspension on a glass plate which is horizontally placed;
s3, removing the solvent step by adopting a program; and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the PDA @ BT/PEN composite film.
2. The method for preparing the high energy storage density polyarylene ether nitrile based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent in step S1 is N-methylpyrrolidone solvent NMP or N-dimethylformamide DMF.
3. The method for preparing the poly (arylene ether nitrile) based composite material with high energy storage density according to claim 1, wherein the modified BT particle content is 10 wt% to 40 wt% of the total mass of the modified BT particles and the PEN solid particles.
4. The method for preparing the high energy storage density polyarylene ether nitrile based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the temperature rise process in the step S3 is as follows: keeping the temperature at 80 ℃ for 1h, keeping the temperature at 120 ℃ for 1h, keeping the temperature at 140 ℃ for 1h, and keeping the temperature at 160 ℃ for 3 h.
5. The method for preparing a high energy storage density polyarylene ether nitrile based composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the method for preparing the modified BT particles comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively taking barium titanate particles with different particle sizes and dopamine hydrochloride according to the mass ratio of 10: 1; dispersing barium titanate particles in ultrapure water by ultrasonic treatment for 30min under a shading condition;
(2) transferring the barium titanate particle suspension into a light-proof reaction container, putting the reaction container into a constant-temperature magnetic stirring oil bath pot, and carrying out oil bath at the temperature of 90 ℃;
(3) slowly stirring, slowly adding the dopamine hydrochloride aqueous solution into the barium titanate particle suspension for multiple times, and completely transferring residual dopamine into a reaction container by using a small amount of ultrapure water;
(4) stirring at 90 deg.C for 24 hr, centrifuging with alcohol solvent for 2 times, and collecting lower layer precipitate; and (3) drying for 2 days in vacuum at 30 ℃ to obtain the polydopamine-coated BT particles with different particle sizes, namely the modified BT particles.
6. The method for preparing the high energy storage density polyarylene ether nitrile based composite material according to claim 5, wherein the particle size of the barium titanate particles is 100nm to 2 μm.
7. The method for preparing the high energy storage density polyarylene ether nitrile based composite material according to claim 5, wherein in the dopamine hydrochloride aqueous solution, the ratio of dopamine hydrochloride: h2O＝0.3g:50mL。
8. A high energy storage density polyarylene ether nitrile based composite material, characterized by being obtained by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The use of the high energy storage density polyarylene ether nitrile based composite material according to claim 8, for the preparation of high energy storage density capacitors.
10. A high energy storage density capacitor, characterized in that the high energy storage density polyarylene ether nitrile based composite material according to claim 8 is used as a high dielectric composite material.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN114559721A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-05-31 | 西南科技大学 | Sandwich-structure high-energy-storage-density polyimide-based composite film and preparation method thereof |
| CN115487686A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-12-20 | 成都博睿兴材科技有限公司 | Multifunctional electrospun fiber composite membrane and preparation method and application thereof |
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