CN113121980B - Composite material with high dielectric constant and energy storage density and preparation and application thereof - Google Patents
Composite material with high dielectric constant and energy storage density and preparation and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113121980B CN113121980B CN202110424521.XA CN202110424521A CN113121980B CN 113121980 B CN113121980 B CN 113121980B CN 202110424521 A CN202110424521 A CN 202110424521A CN 113121980 B CN113121980 B CN 113121980B
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229920001690 polydopamine Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- -1 poly (arylene ether nitrile Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- CTENFNNZBMHDDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dopamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.NCCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 CTENFNNZBMHDDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229960001149 dopamine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000090 poly(aryl ether) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical class [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 3
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- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
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- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/002—Details
- H01G4/018—Dielectrics
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- C08J2371/00—Characterised by the use of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2371/08—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite material with high dielectric constant and energy storage density, and preparation and application thereof. Wherein the composite material comprises the following raw material components: polydopamine-coated nano barium titanate with the particle diameter of 20-200 nm, flaky nano boron nitride with the layer thickness of 2-15 layers and poly (arylene ether nitrile) with the number-average molecular weight of 10000-100000 g/mol. The composite material disclosed by the invention has the advantages of higher dielectric constant, higher breakdown strength and better energy storage density, and can be applied to a high-energy-storage-density capacitor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of polymer matrix composite materials.
Background
The high energy storage density capacitor can greatly reduce the volume of a pulse energy storage power supply system, and the organic film is used as a dielectric material to reduce the weight of the pulse energy storage power supply system, so that the high energy storage density capacitor developed abroad at present mainly adopts an organic/inorganic material compounding method, the development trend of the technology is high temperature resistance, low loss and high energy storage density, but the traditional research path is mainly realized by adding high dielectric inorganic filler such as nano barium titanate into a polymer. However, such composites can achieve high dielectric constants while weakening the breakdown strength of the composite, resulting in a breakdown strength of the composite that is lower than that of the pure polymer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a polymer-based composite material with higher dielectric constant, breakdown strength and better energy storage density. The invention also aims to provide a preparation method and an application method of the composite material.
The invention firstly discloses the following technical scheme:
the composite material with high dielectric constant and energy storage density comprises the following raw material components: polydopamine-coated nano barium titanate with the particle diameter of 20-200 nm, flaky nano boron nitride with the layer thickness of 2-15 layers and poly (arylene ether nitrile) with the number-average molecular weight of 10000-100000 g/mol.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the raw material components have the following mass ratios: 0-40 wt% of the polydopamine-coated nano barium titanate, 0-16 wt% of the flaky nano boron nitride, and the balance of the poly (arylene ether nitrile).
Wherein the balance is the mass content obtained by subtracting the mass percentages of the polydopamine-coated nano barium titanate and the flaky nano boron nitride from 100 wt%.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the raw material component comprises 30wt% of the polydopamine coated nano barium titanate, and/or the raw material component comprises 12wt% of the platy nano boron nitride.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the raw material components have any one of the following mass ratios: 20 wt% of polydopamine-coated nano barium titanate, 12wt% of flaky nano boron nitride and the balance of poly (arylene ether nitrile); 20 wt% of the polydopamine-coated nano barium titanate, 16 wt% of the sheet-shaped nano boron nitride of BNNS and the balance of poly (arylene ether nitrile); 30wt% of polydopamine-coated nano barium titanate, 40 wt% of flaky nano boron nitride and the balance of poly (arylene ether nitrile).
The invention further discloses the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a composite material with high dielectric constant and energy storage density comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining polydopamine-coated nano barium titanate through nano barium titanate and dopamine hydrochloride;
(2) obtaining flaky nano boron nitride through hexagonal boron nitride crystals;
(3) and adding the polydopamine-coated nano barium titanate and the flaky nano boron nitride into a solution of poly (arylene ether nitrile), mixing and molding to obtain the composite material.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the solvent of the solution of the polyarylene ether nitrile is selected from N-methylpyrrolidone and/or N, N-dimethylformamide.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, wherein step (1) comprises:
dispersing the nano barium titanate in water through ultrasonic treatment to obtain a suspension;
dissolving the dopamine hydrochloride in water to obtain dopamine hydrochloride aqueous solution;
adding the dopamine hydrochloride aqueous solution into the suspension, reacting at the constant temperature of 80-100 ℃ for 12-48h, and then separating to obtain reaction precipitate, namely the polydopamine-coated nano barium titanate;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
according to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the nano barium titanate to the dopamine hydrochloride is 5-15: 1.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the ratio of the nano barium titanate to the water is: 1/10-1/50 g/mL.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, in the dopamine hydrochloride aqueous solution, the ratio of the dopamine hydrochloride to the water is: 1/1000-10/1000 g/mL.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, step (2) comprises: dispersing the hexagonal boron nitride crystal in isopropanol solvent, carrying out intermittent ultrasonic treatment on the dispersion for 150-250 minutes under the strong ultrasonic wave with the power of 1000-2000W, and then separating and cleaning the lower-layer precipitate to obtain the flaky nano boron nitride.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the ratio of the hexagonal boron nitride crystal to the isopropanol is: 1/1000-10/1000 g/mL.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, step (3) comprises: adding the polyarylether nitrile into an N-methylpyrrolidone solvent, and stirring to obtain a polyarylether nitrile solution; dispersing the nano barium titanate coated with the polydopamine and the flaky nano boron nitride in an N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent through ultrasonic treatment, then adding the nano barium titanate and the flaky nano boron nitride into the solution of the poly (arylene ether nitrile), and stirring to obtain a mixed suspension; and forming the mixed suspension.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mass of the polydopamine coated nano barium titanate is 30wt% of the total mass of the polydopamine coated nano barium titanate, the platy nano boron nitride and the polyarylethernitrile, and the mass of the platy nano boron nitride is 12wt% of the total mass of the polydopamine coated nano barium titanate, the platy nano boron nitride and the polyarylethernitrile.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the forming process comprises: casting the mixed suspension liquid on a horizontal glass plate to form a film by tape casting, and sequentially heating at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 1h, 120 ℃ for 1h, 140 ℃ for 1h, 160 ℃ for 1h and 200 ℃ for 2h to form a composite material film attached to the glass.
The invention further provides the application of the composite material and/or the composite material prepared by the preparation method in a high energy storage density capacitor.
The composite material obtained by the invention is added with Polydopamine (PDA) modified barium titanate nano particles as a high dielectric constant filler, and simultaneously added with Boron Nitride Nano Sheets (BNNS) as a high dielectric strength filler, and the composite material not only has a high dielectric constant, but also has a high breakdown voltage. Therefore, the three-component composite material has high energy storage density.
According to the preparation method, Polydopamine (PDA) is used for carrying out organic functional modification on barium titanate nanoparticles (BT), so that BT nanoparticles (PDA @ BT) with organic functional groups on the surfaces are obtained, and the BT nanoparticles and a polymer matrix have better interface bonding force. In some preferred embodiments, the preparation method of the present invention employs a relatively low-cost powerful ultrasonic stripping process, and hexagonal boron nitride h-BN is stripped in an ultrasonic instrument in a strong ultrasonic manner to obtain boron nitride nanosheet BNNS, which is prone to point and line defects during stripping process relative to a single-layer thickness nanosheet, resulting in relatively low breakdown strength, while too thick BN nanosheets may not serve to significantly improve the breakdown strength of the polymer-based composite material due to easy sedimentation to the bottom in the polymer.
Compared with the defects that the high dielectric inorganic filler such as nano barium titanate is directly added in the prior art, so that the breakdown strength of the composite material is usually sacrificed and other properties of the polymer are reduced, in the composite material and the preparation method, the boron nitride nanosheet has a small dielectric constant, but can effectively improve polymerization, and a proper amount of BNNS is added to prepare the three-component composite material which has the advantages of high dielectric constant, high breakdown strength, good heat conductivity and high energy storage density.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a TEM image of the PDA @ BT nanoparticles according to the embodiments.
Figure 2 is an SEM image of a BNNS nanoplatelet according to an embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional SEM image of a composite material according to an embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the D-E curves of the three-component composite material described in example 1 and the one-component material.
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the energy density curves of the three-component composite material described in example 1 with a single-component material.
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the charge and discharge efficiency of the three-component composite material described in example 1 with that of a single component material.
FIG. 7 is a graph of the discharge behavior of the composite material of example 1 under an electric field of 160 kV/mm.
FIG. 8 is a graph of discharge energy density at an electric field of 160kV/mm for the composite material described in example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments and the attached drawings, but it should be understood that the embodiments and the attached drawings are only used for the illustrative description of the present invention and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention in any way. All reasonable variations and combinations that fall within the spirit of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The product of the example was prepared by the following procedure:
(1) preparation of PDA @ BT nano particles
Respectively taking 3g of nano barium titanate (BaTiO) according to the mass ratio of 10:13BT) particles and 0.3g of dopamine hydrochloride are respectively placed in 2 containers, wherein the container for containing the dopamine hydrochloride needs to be protected from light;
dispersing BT nano particles in 90mL of ultrapure water by adopting ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain uniformly dispersed BT suspension;
pouring the obtained suspension into a light-resistant three-necked bottle, placing the three-necked bottle into a magnetic stirring oil bath pan with the constant temperature of 90 ℃, then starting to stir slowly, slowly adding dopamine hydrochloride aqueous solution consisting of dopamine hydrochloride and water according to the proportion of 0.3g:50mL into the BT suspension for multiple times, stirring for 24 hours at 90 ℃, finally washing for 2 times with absolute ethyl alcohol under the centrifugal condition of 10000rpm for 10min each time, and collecting the lower-layer precipitate;
and (3) drying the obtained precipitate at 30 ℃ for 2 days in vacuum to obtain the Polydopamine (PDA) -coated BT nano particles, wherein TEM images of the Polydopamine (PDA) -coated BT nano particles are shown in figure 1, and the TEM images show that the BT nano particles are almost spherical, a layer of organic matters with low electron cloud density is uniformly coated outside the nano particles outside the spheres, and the coating thickness of the organic matters is about 3 nm.
(2) Preparation of BNNS nanosheet
Preparing a multilayer boron nitride (BNNS) nanosheet from a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) crystal by adopting a liquid-phase ultrasonic-assisted stripping method, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
dispersing 4.5g of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) in 600mL of Isopropanol (IPA) solvent, then intermittently ultrasonically treating the dispersion for 200 minutes at a power of 1440W under strong ultrasonic waves, naturally cooling the obtained product in air, centrifuging the obtained suspension for 10 minutes at a speed of 1500rpm, then pouring out a supernatant, centrifuging the supernatant for 15 minutes at a speed of 9000rpm, and collecting a lower-layer precipitate;
drying the obtained precipitate in a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ to obtain the BNNS nano-sheet with the thickness of about 10 nanometers, wherein the SEM image is shown in figure 2, and the boron nitride nano-sheet presents a multilayer sheet structure with the thickness of more than ten nanometers.
(3) Preparation of PDA @ BT/BNNS/PEN three-component composite material
Respectively weighing the obtained PDA @ BT nano particles, the obtained BNNS nano sheets and poly (arylene ether nitrile) (PEN) solid particles with the number average molecular weight of about 50000g/mol according to a certain mass ratio;
adding PEN into a certain amount of N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent, and slowly stirring and heating for 30 minutes by using a mechanical stirrer to completely dissolve the PEN in the NMP to obtain a uniform PEN solution;
dispersing the weighed PDA @ BT nano particles and BNNS nano sheets in NMP, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes to obtain a uniformly dispersed suspension;
mixing the dispersed suspension into the completely dissolved PEN solution, and stirring and mixing for 120min to obtain a mixed suspension;
casting the mixed suspension on a horizontal glass plate to form a film by tape casting, and carrying out step heating under the temperature conditions of 80 ℃ for 1h, 120 ℃ for 1h, 140 ℃ for 1h, 160 ℃ for 1h and 200 ℃ for 2h to slowly remove the solvent to form a composite material film attached to the glass;
and (3) taking out the composite material film after the composite material film is cooled to room temperature, and demoulding in cold water to obtain the three-component composite material, wherein the section SEM image is shown in figure 3, and the surface modified PDA @ BT nano particles and BNNS are uniformly distributed in the PEN polymer matrix and are tightly combined with the polymer without obvious gaps, so that the three-component composite material is beneficial to obtaining high energy storage density.
Example 1
The three-component composites were prepared according to the procedure described in the specific embodiment at different ratios and two-component composites obtained only from PDA @ BT nano-meter and PEN, two-component composites obtained only from BNNS nano-sheet and PEN, and single-component materials obtained only from PEN were used as comparisons in exactly the same procedure.
The obtained material was subjected to capacitance and dielectric loss test in accordance with Standard test method for dielectric constant (dielectric constant) and loss factor of solid ceramic dielectric ASTM D2149-97 (2004); the dielectric constant is measured from the capacitance according to the formula ε ═ C ═ d/(S ∈ C0) Conversion is carried out to obtain; where C is the capacitance obtained by the test, S is the effective area of the parallel plate, d is the thickness of the parallel plate, ε0Is the dielectric constant in vacuum.
And (3) testing the hysteresis loop line, the charge-discharge efficiency and the discharge energy density curve of the obtained material according to a quasi-static test method GB/T6426-1986 for the hysteresis loop of the ferroelectric ceramic material: wherein, the electrical property parameter results of the obtained different materials are as follows:
TABLE 1 dielectric property table of PDA @ BT/PEN two-component composite material
Note: the addition amount refers to the mass percentage of PDA @ BT to the sum of PDA @ BT and PEN
TABLE 2 dielectric Property Table of BNNS/PEN two-component composites
Note: the addition amount refers to the mass percentage of BNNS to the sum of BNNS and PEN
TABLE 3 dielectric property chart of PDA @ BT/BNNS/PEN three-component composite material
Note: the addition amount refers to the mass percentage of PDA @ BT and BNNS in the sum of PDA @ BT, BNNS and PEN
It can be seen that the PDA @ BT/PEN two-component composites with filler contents of 20 wt.% and 30 wt.% can significantly increase the dielectric constant of the composite and have better potential for further filler addition, which can significantly decrease the breakdown strength with continued filler addition, as shown in table 1, and therefore the PDA @ BT/BNNS/PEN composites with filler contents of 20 wt.% and 30 wt.% are preferred for further BNNS addition. Furthermore, as shown in Table 2, the breakdown strength and the energy storage density of BNNS/PEN two-component composites having filler contents of 12 wt.% and 16 wt.% can be significantly increased, so it is preferred that BNNS having filler contents of 12 wt.% and 16 wt.% be added to the PDA @ BT/BNNS/PEN two-component composite to prepare the PDA @ BT/BNNS/PEN three-component composite. As shown in Table 3, 4 different filler levels of PDA @ BT/BNNS/PEN three-component composites were prepared and their dielectric properties were investigated by varying the levels of PDA @ BT and BNNS. Research shows that compared with a two-component composite material, the breakdown strength of the three-component composite material prepared by simultaneously adding PDA @ BT and BNNS is larger than that of the two-component composite material prepared by only adding PDA @ BT or BNNS, and the breakdown strength of the three-component composite material is synergistically enhanced.
Further, D-E loops of the pure PEN and PDA @ BT/BNNS/PEN three-component composites at different electric fields were measured at 10Hz and room temperature as shown in FIG. 4, and based thereon, the discharge efficiency of the energy storage density of the composites was calculated as shown in FIG. 5, and the energy densities of the pure PEN and PDA @ BT/BNNS/PEN three-component composites were calculated as shown in FIG. 6. It can be seen that the energy storage density of the pure poly (arylene ether nitrile) is 1.1J/cm at a field strength of 160kV/mm3The energy density of the three-component composite material is 3.7J/cm3The discharge efficiency was 73.4% and the releasable energy density was 2.72J/cm3(ii) a The energy density of the three-component composite material is 10.4J/cm under the field intensity of 240kV/mm3The discharge efficiency was 56.7%, and the releasable energy density was 5.9J/cm3. Compared with pure PEN, the releasable energy density and the working breakdown field intensity of the PDA @ BT/BNNS/PEN three-component composite material are both obviously improved.
Further, single pulse discharge experiment tests are carried out on the PDA @ BT/BNNS/PEN three-component composite material under a working electric field of 160kV/mm and a load Resistor (RL) of 20k omega is connected in series, the prepared composite material can achieve nanosecond-level discharge, the discharge curve is shown in figure 7, and the discharge energy density is shown in figure 8. As can be seen from FIG. 7, the maximum operating current of the composite material was about 0.35A, and as can be seen from FIG. 8, the discharge energy density of the three-component composite material at an operating electric field of 160kV/mm was 2.67J/cm3. The discharge energy density of the PDA @ BT/BNNS/PEN composite material under the working electric field of 160kV/mm calculated by the D-E loop is 2.72J/cm3. The difference of the discharge energy density obtained by the two modes is not large, and the calculated value is close to the measured value.
Further, τ0.9Is generally used to represent the discharge time of a pulsed power capacitor, i.e. the time required for the discharge energy density to reach 90% of the total discharge energy density. PrecPower density, i.e. discharge time up to τ, of a pulsed power capacitor0.9The ratio of discharge energy density to discharge time. The power density of the PDA @ BT/BNNS/PEN three-component composite material can be obtained by calculating the data in FIG. 8 and is 85.28MW/cm3Is 10660 times or more than that of BOPP (under the electric field of 100kV/mm, the power density of the BOPP is 0.008MW/cm3)。
The above examples are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. All technical schemes belonging to the idea of the invention belong to the protection scope of the invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and such modifications and embellishments should also be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the composite material with high dielectric constant and energy storage density is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining polydopamine-coated nano barium titanate through nano barium titanate and dopamine hydrochloride;
(2) obtaining flaky nano boron nitride through hexagonal boron nitride crystals;
(3) adding the polydopamine-coated nano barium titanate and the flaky nano boron nitride into a solution of poly (arylene ether nitrile), mixing and molding to obtain the composite material;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the particle size of the polydopamine-coated nano barium titanate is 20-200 nanometers, the layer thickness of the flaky nano boron nitride is 2-15 layers, and the number average molecular weight of the poly (arylene ether nitrile) is 10000-100000 g/mol;
the mass of the polydopamine-coated nano barium titanate is 30wt% of the total mass of the polydopamine-coated nano barium titanate, the flaky nano boron nitride and the polyarylethernitrile, and the mass of the flaky nano boron nitride is 12wt% of the total mass of the polydopamine-coated nano barium titanate, the flaky nano boron nitride and the polyarylethernitrile.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the step (1) comprises the following steps:
dispersing the nano barium titanate in water through ultrasonic treatment to obtain a suspension;
dissolving the dopamine hydrochloride in water to obtain dopamine hydrochloride aqueous solution;
adding the dopamine hydrochloride aqueous solution into the suspension, reacting at the constant temperature of 80-100 ℃ for 12-48h, and then separating to obtain reaction precipitate, namely the polydopamine-coated nano barium titanate;
wherein the mass ratio of the nano barium titanate to the dopamine hydrochloride is 5-15:1, and/or the ratio of the nano barium titanate to the water in the suspension is as follows: 1/10-1/50g/mL, and/or the ratio of the dopamine hydrochloride to the water in the dopamine hydrochloride aqueous solution is as follows: 1/1000-10/1000 g/mL.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the step (2) comprises the following steps: dispersing the hexagonal boron nitride crystals in an isopropanol solvent, carrying out intermittent ultrasonic treatment on the dispersion for 150-250 minutes under a strong ultrasonic wave with the power of 1000-2000W, and then separating and cleaning a lower-layer precipitate to obtain the flaky nano boron nitride; wherein the ratio of the hexagonal boron nitride crystal to the isopropanol is as follows: 1/1000-10/1000 g/mL.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the step (3) comprises the following steps: adding the polyarylether nitrile into an N-methylpyrrolidone solvent, and stirring to obtain a polyarylether nitrile solution; dispersing the nano barium titanate coated with the polydopamine and the flaky nano boron nitride in an N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent through ultrasonic treatment, then adding the nano barium titanate and the flaky nano boron nitride into the solution of the poly (arylene ether nitrile), and stirring to obtain a mixed suspension; and forming the mixed suspension.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the molding process comprises: casting the mixed suspension liquid on a horizontal glass plate to form a film by tape casting, and sequentially heating at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 1h, 120 ℃ for 1h, 140 ℃ for 1h, 160 ℃ for 1h and 200 ℃ for 2h to form a composite material film attached to the glass.
6. A composite material produced by the production method described in claims 1 to 5.
7. The use of the composite material prepared by the preparation method of claims 1-5 in high energy storage density capacitors.
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