CN112777716A - Method for photocatalytic degradation of trace organic macromolecules in surface water - Google Patents
Method for photocatalytic degradation of trace organic macromolecules in surface water Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 title description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004343 Calcium peroxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium peroxide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][O-] LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000019402 calcium peroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium peroxide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][O-] PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960002089 ferrous chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical group [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000005446 dissolved organic matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 iron ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ULGZDMOVFRHVEP-RWJQBGPGSA-N Erythromycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@]([C@H](O)[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](C)C[C@@](C)(O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](C)O2)N(C)C)O)[C@H]1C)(C)O)CC)[C@H]1C[C@@](C)(OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 ULGZDMOVFRHVEP-RWJQBGPGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960004887 ferric hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910001448 ferrous ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IEECXTSVVFWGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron(3+);oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Fe+3] IEECXTSVVFWGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000035 biogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003276 erythromycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001447 ferric ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QOSATHPSBFQAML-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.OO QOSATHPSBFQAML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003403 water pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/722—Oxidation by peroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/727—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation using pure oxygen or oxygen rich gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/74—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/08—Chemical Oxygen Demand [COD]; Biological Oxygen Demand [BOD]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/10—Photocatalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for degrading trace organic macromolecules of surface water by photocatalysis, which belongs to the field of surface water treatment and can solve the problem of surface water treatment; introducing an oxidant into the surface water and stirring, wherein the oxidant can be oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, calcium peroxide or sodium peroxide; adding a transmittance enhancer for enhancing ultraviolet rays, and stirring; and exposing the water body to sunlight for degradation. The invention can conveniently treat and effectively degrade water-soluble organic macromolecules and reduce the chemical oxygen demand of the water body by 30 to 50 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of surface water treatment, in particular to a method for degrading trace organic macromolecules of surface water by photocatalysis.
Background
The improvement of urban water environment quality is one of important contents of ecological civilization construction. The problem of water pollution becomes one of the most important restriction factors for the development of the economic society of China, the control and the management of the water pollution are long-term, complex and difficult system engineering, and the development trend of the increasingly serious water pollution is not turned over fundamentally.
Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) is a class of organic mixtures with complex composition, structure and environmental behavior, and is widely distributed in various water bodies. The DOM contains biogenic elements such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like, can generate various types of interaction with water pollutants through various physical and chemical processes, influences the maintenance and release of nutrients, biological effectiveness and the like, and has great influence on material circulation of an ecosystem and migration and conversion of environmental pollutants. Organic macromolecules are the main group of soluble organic matters, including proteinoids, humoids and the like. They are not easily degraded in water, not easily utilized by fungi, and not absorbed by plants, resulting in water pollution. These organic macromolecules constitute an important component of the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the water body and are also one of the causes of the reduction of the transparency of the water body.
At present, various microbial inoculum methods and various aquatic plant absorption methods are mainly adopted for treating surface water and removing chemical oxygen consumption. The methods mainly consume small molecules, and are difficult to process water-soluble organic macromolecules. This is also one of the reasons why surface water is currently difficult to treat.
How to conveniently treat and effectively degrade water-soluble organic macromolecules, further reduce pollutants in water and reduce COD of water is one of the problems of surface water treatment at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for degrading trace organic macromolecules of surface water by photocatalysis, which is convenient for treating and effectively degrading water-soluble organic macromolecules, further reduces pollutants in water, reduces COD (chemical oxygen demand) of a water body and solves the problem of surface water treatment at present.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for degrading trace organic macromolecules of surface water by photocatalysis is characterized by comprising the following steps,
step S1: adding a metal catalyst into surface water and stirring;
step S2: introducing an oxidant into the surface water and stirring;
step S3: adding a transmittance enhancer for enhancing ultraviolet rays, and stirring;
step S4: and exposing the water body to sunlight for degradation.
Optionally, the metal catalyst in step S1 is a soluble metallic iron salt.
Optionally, the soluble metal iron salt is ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride or ferrous chloride.
Optionally, the oxidant introduced into the surface water in step S2 is oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, calcium peroxide, or sodium peroxide.
Optionally, the product of millimole number and 16 per liter of the introduced oxidant hydrogen peroxide, calcium peroxide or sodium peroxide is less than 3 times of the chemical oxygen demand in the water body.
Optionally, the product of millimole number and 16 per liter of the introduced oxidant hydrogen peroxide, calcium peroxide or sodium peroxide is less than 1.5 times of the chemical oxygen demand in the water body.
Optionally, the transmittance enhancer for enhancing ultraviolet rays in step S3 is borax or boric acid.
Optionally, the borax or boric acid is added in an amount such that the sum of boron contained in each liter of water and boron contained in the surface water in situ is less than 0.5 mg/L.
Optionally, the borax or boric acid is added in an amount such that the sum of boron contained in each liter of water and boron contained in the surface water in situ is less than 0.3 mg/L.
The invention provides a method for degrading trace organic macromolecules of surface water by photocatalysis, which can conveniently treat and effectively degrade water-soluble organic macromolecules, further reduce pollutants in water, reduce 30-50% of COD (chemical oxygen demand) in water body due to contribution of the water-soluble trace macromolecules, and solve the problem of surface water treatment at present, wherein the COD formed by the trace macromolecules in the water body is generally less than or equal to 70 mg/L.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for degrading trace organic macromolecules of surface water by photocatalysis comprises dissolving trace organic macromolecules into 50L surface water, measuring COD at 70mg/L and COD at 20 mg/L.
Step S1: adding a metal catalyst ferric sulfate into surface water, stirring, and fully mixing, wherein the adding amount is 5mg/L calculated by iron element, trace iron ions can form a compound and a complex with organic matters in the water, the acting force comprises intermolecular acting force and complex bonds, and excessive iron ions can form precipitates by ferric hydroxide, so that the excessive amount of the added soluble metal ferric salt catalyst has no problem, but the limit of the iron ions on water pollution is considered;
step S2: introducing an oxidant and 30% hydrogen peroxide water into the surface water, stirring to fully mix the oxidant and the water, wherein the product of millimole number of hydrogen peroxide per liter and 16 is 210mg/L, and the oxidant is added into the water and must be dispersed and fully mixed to avoid the aggregation from damaging the ecology of the water;
step S3: adding borax as a transmittance enhancer for enhancing ultraviolet rays, stirring and fully mixing, wherein the added borax amount enables the sum of boron contained in each liter of water and boron contained in original surface water to be 0.45 mg/L;
step S4: and exposing the water body to sunlight for degradation.
In practice, mixing and stirring are carried out by using a propeller.
The metal catalyst should be dissolved in water to prepare about 10% solution for use.
When the water body is exposed to the sunlight for 5 days, the COD of the water body is reduced to 35 mg/L.
Example 2
Unlike example 1, the experimental water used was tap water, which had a COD of 0mg/L, and after the addition of the tryptophane-like protein, the COD was measured to be 70 mg/L.
The COD of the degraded water body is reduced to 35 mg/L.
Example 3
Different from the embodiment 2, the amount of the added ferrous sulfate is 3mg/L calculated by iron element, a trace amount of ferrous ions can form a complex with organic matters in water, and excessive ferrous ions can be oxidized into ferric ions with 3 valence and then form a precipitate by ferric hydroxide; the oxidant is calcium peroxide aqueous solution, and the product of millimole number of calcium peroxide per liter of water and 16 is 100 mg/L; the amount of boric acid added was such that each liter of water contained 0.35 mg/liter of boron.
The COD of the degraded water body is reduced to 35 mg/L.
Example 4
Different from the embodiment 2, the amount of the added ferric chloride is 2mg/L calculated by iron element; the oxidant is sodium peroxide aqueous solution, and the product of millimole number of calcium peroxide per liter of water and 16 is 50 mg/L; the amount of boric acid added is 0.29mg/L per liter of water;
the COD of the degraded water body is reduced to 35 mg/L.
Example 5
Different from the embodiment 2, the amount of the added ferrous chloride is 1mg/L calculated by the iron element; the oxidant is oxygen, and aeration is carried out by an air pump; the amount of boric acid added was such that each liter of water contained 0.2mg/L of boron.
The COD of the degraded water body is reduced to 30 mg/L.
Example 6
Different from the embodiment 1, the amount of the added ferrous sulfate is 3mg/L calculated by iron element; the product of millimole of hydrogen peroxide per liter and 16 is 105 mg/L; the borax was added in an amount such that the sum of boron contained in each liter of water and boron contained in the surface water in situ was 0.15 mg/L.
When the water body is exposed to the sunlight for 10 days, the COD of the water body is reduced to 30 mg/L.
Example 7
Unlike example 1, the amount of added ferrous chloride was 1mg/L in terms of elemental iron; the product of millimole of hydrogen peroxide per liter and 16 is 50 mg/L; the borax was added in an amount such that the sum of boron contained in each liter of water and boron contained in the surface water in situ was 0.10 mg/L.
When the water body is exposed to the sunlight for 10 days, the COD of the water body is reduced to 35 mg/L.
Example 8
Different from the embodiment 1, the amount of the added ferrous chloride is 0.5mg/L calculated by the iron element; the product of millimole of hydrogen peroxide per liter and 16 is 30 mg/L; the borax was added in an amount such that the sum of boron contained in each liter of water and boron contained in the surface water in situ was 0.05 mg/L.
When the water body is exposed to the sunlight for 30 days, the COD of the water body is reduced to 30 mg/L.
Example 9
Different from the embodiment 1, the amount of the added ferrous sulfate is 1.5mg/L calculated by the iron element; the introduced oxidant is oxygen which is in contact with air through the surface of the water body and is mixed with water through natural wind power stirring; the borax was added in an amount such that the sum of boron contained in each liter of water and boron contained in the surface water in situ was 0.45 mg/L.
When the water body is exposed to the sunlight for 40 days, the COD of the water body is reduced to 35 mg/L.
Example 10
Unlike example 1, the trace organic macromolecules were humidogenic and dissolved in 50L of surface water, and measured to have a COD of 65mg/L and a surface raw water COD of 20 mg/L.
When the water body is exposed to the sunlight for 10 days, the COD of the water body is reduced to 35 mg/L.
Example 11
Unlike example 1, the trace organic macromolecule was erythromycin, which was dissolved in 50L of surface water and measured to have a COD of 60mg/L and a surface raw water COD of 20 mg/L.
When the water body is exposed to the sunlight for 10 days, the COD of the water body is reduced to 30 mg/L.
Claims (9)
1. A method for degrading trace organic macromolecules of surface water by photocatalysis is characterized by comprising the following steps,
step S1: adding a metal catalyst into surface water and stirring;
step S2: introducing an oxidant into the surface water and stirring;
step S3: adding a transmittance enhancer for enhancing ultraviolet rays, and stirring;
step S4: and exposing the water body to sunlight for degradation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal catalyst in step S1 is a soluble metallic iron salt.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the soluble ferric metal salt is ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride, or ferrous chloride.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidizing agent introduced into the surface water in step S2 is oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, calcium peroxide, or sodium peroxide.
5. The method of claim 1 or 4, wherein the introduced oxidizing agent hydrogen peroxide, calcium peroxide or sodium peroxide has a product of millimole number per liter and 16 less than 3 times the chemical oxygen demand in the water body.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the introduced oxidizing agent hydrogen peroxide, calcium peroxide or sodium peroxide is less than 1.5 times the chemical oxygen demand of the water body by the product of millimoles per liter and 16.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the ultraviolet-enhancing transmittance enhancer of step S3 is borax or boric acid.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the borax or boric acid is added in an amount such that the sum of the boron contained in each liter of water and the boron contained in the surface water in situ is less than 0.5 mg/L.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the borax or boric acid is added in an amount such that the sum of the boron contained in each liter of water and the boron contained in the surface water in situ is less than 0.3 mg/L.
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