Method for treating high-concentration high-chroma or difficult-biochemical organic wastewater and preparing compound oxidant
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental engineering wastewater treatment, in particular to a method for treating high-concentration high-chroma or difficultly biochemical organic wastewater and preparing a compound oxidant.
Background
With the industrial development of China, the discharge amount of organic pollutants with high concentration, high chroma or difficult biochemical treatment is continuously increased, and the ecological environment is brought with the hidden danger of pollution which is difficult to predict.
The treatment of high-concentration, high-chroma or difficult-biochemical organic wastewater is a difficult problem facing the treatment of domestic and foreign sewage, and is a popular subject of recent research at home and abroad. So far, the following methods are mainly used for treating high-concentration, high-chroma or difficult-biochemical organic wastewater:
1. fenton method: hydrogen peroxide and catalyst Fe2+The resulting oxidation system is commonly referred to as a Fenton reagent. In Fe2 +Under the action of the catalyst, the hydrogen peroxide can generate active hydroxyl radicals, so that the radical chain reaction is initiated and propagated, and the oxidation of organic matters and reducing substances is accelerated. The Fenton reagent is generally carried out at the pH of 3-4, and the generation rate of hydroxyl radicals is the maximum. The main disadvantages of the method are: (1) a large amount of acid and alkali are consumed to repeatedly adjust the pH value; (2) consuming a large amount of Fe2+Thereby producing a large amount of ferric hydroxide sludge; (3) consumes a large amount of hydrogen peroxide and has high operation cost.
2. Fenton-like method: according to the working mechanism of the Fenton method, an electric Fenton method (electrocatalytic oxidation method), an ultrasonic Fenton method (ultrasonic catalytic oxidation method), an ultraviolet Fenton method (ultraviolet catalytic oxidation method) and the like are developed (for example, patent: application No. 000134787. X). These methods reduce the hydrogen peroxide consumption to some extent, but do not fundamentally solve the problems of consuming a large amount of acid and alkali to repeatedly adjust the pH and generating a large amount of sludge.
3. Internal electrolysis method: the internal electrolysis method is a water treatment method for treating pollutants by using scrap iron as a filter material to form a filter tank and performing a series of electrochemical and physicochemical reactions on wastewater (with the pH value of 3-5) in the filter tank. The main disadvantages of the method are: (1) a large amount of acid and alkali are consumed to repeatedly adjust the pH value; (2) the dissolution of iron produces a large amount of iron ions, thereby producing a large amount of ferric hydroxide sludge.
4. Transition metal ion activation persulfate method: persulfate needs to be activated to generate free radicals with strong oxidizing property, and transition metal ions (such as Fe) are commonly used at present2+ 、Fe3+ 、Cu2+、Ag+ 、Ce2+ 、Co2+Etc.) as an activator (as in patents: application No. 201611217533.0, application No.: 201510181466.0, application number: 201310589568.7). The main disadvantages of the method are: (1) the transition metal is expensive, thereby causing high operation cost; (2) the introduction of transition metal ions is easy to cause secondary pollution; (3) a large amount of metal hydroxide is generated, and the sludge generation amount is large. The method has no practical engineering application case at present.
5. Other methods are as follows: such as incineration, multi-effect evaporation, sodium bismuthate oxidation (e.g., patent: application No. 200910029442.8). The practical engineering application cases of the methods are few.
Disclosure of Invention
First, the object of the present invention is:
in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for treating high-concentration high-chroma or difficultly biochemical organic wastewater and preparing a compound oxidant, and effectively solves the technical bottleneck problem of treating the high-concentration high-chroma or difficultly biochemical organic wastewater in the prior art. The method breaks bonds of high-concentration high-chroma or difficultly biochemical organic matters in the wastewater at normal temperature and normal pressure, mineralizes the organic matters into carbon dioxide and water, has no strict requirements on the temperature and the pH value (the pH value can be 2-11) of the wastewater, reduces the sludge generation amount by more than 50 percent compared with the prior art (such as a Fenton method, a similar Fenton method, an iron-carbon internal electrolysis method, an electrolysis method and the like), greatly reduces the treatment cost, and does not generate secondary pollution.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows:
under the driving action of an external low-voltage direct-current electric field, the compound oxidant is induced to generate oxidation free radicals (hydroxyl free radicals, excited oxygen free radicals, sulfate free radicals and the like), and the specific process is as follows:
compound oxidant + e—=·SO4 —+ O2 — (1)
·SO4 — + H2O + e—=HSO4 — + ·HO (2)
·SO4 — + OH—+ e—=SO4 2— + ·HO (3)
·SO4 — + O2 + e—=SO4 2— +1O2 (4)
Hydroxyl free radical, excited oxygen free radical, sulfate free radical and other redox potentials E0= + 2.6V- +2.8V, has high oxidizing capacity, can quickly degrade most organic pollutants, and mineralize the organic pollutants into carbon dioxide and inorganic acid. The oxidation process can be realized by abstracting hydrogen from saturated carbon atoms and providing electrons to unsaturated carbon atoms. The function of the external low-voltage direct current electric field is to provide electrons, play the role of a fuse, and is completely different from an electrolysis method.
Thirdly, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
1. a compound oxidant for treating the high-concentration, high-chroma or difficult-biochemical organic sewage is prepared from titanium dioxide, concentrated sulfuric acid and metallic peroxide through reaction under a certain condition, and stabilizer chosen from hydroxy phosphate and sodium hydroxy acetate. The preparation of the compound oxidant comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing concentrated sulfuric acid, metal peroxide and titanium dioxide in proportion at normal temperature and normal pressure, and reacting for 1-2 hours while keeping the pH value at 2-3;
(2) adding carbonate into the mixture obtained in the step (1) to adjust the pH value;
(3) and (3) filtering the white crystals obtained in the step (2), and drying at a certain temperature to obtain the oxidant.
(4) And (4) adding a stabilizing agent hydroxy phosphate and sodium hydroxy acetate into the oxidant obtained in the step (3) to obtain the compound oxidant.
Furthermore, in the step (1), the metal peroxide is potassium peroxide or sodium peroxide, the concentrated sulfuric acid accounts for 39% -48%, the metal peroxide accounts for 50% -60%, and the titanium dioxide accounts for 1% -2%;
further, the carbonate in the step (2) is potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate, and the pH value is adjusted to 6-7;
furthermore, the drying temperature in the step (3) is 50-60 ℃;
furthermore, the stabilizing agents of hydroxy phosphate and sodium hydroxy acetate added in the step (4) account for 2 to 5 percent.
2. A method for treating high-concentration, high-chroma or difficult-biochemical organic wastewater comprises the following steps:
(1) quantitatively delivering high-concentration, high-chroma or difficult-biochemical organic wastewater into a reactor through a pump, installing a pipeline mixer on a water outlet pipeline of the pump, and adding the compound oxidant according to the claim 1 on the pipeline mixer.
(2) And (2) adding the high-concentration high-chroma or difficult-biochemical organic wastewater of the compound oxidant in the step (1) to perform oxidation reaction in a reactor, wherein an electrode plate is arranged in the reactor, is a stainless steel plate subjected to special passivation treatment and is connected with a low-voltage direct-current power supply.
(3) And (3) adjusting the pH value of the high-concentration high-chroma or difficult-biochemical organic wastewater treated in the step (2), adding a flocculating agent Polyacrylamide (PAM), performing coagulating sedimentation, and discharging the supernatant after reaching the standard or performing advanced treatment in a subsequent process.
Furthermore, the adding amount of the compound oxidant in the step (1) is 100-500 mg/L.
Furthermore, in the step (2), the oxidation reaction time is 1-3 h, the distance between the electrode plates is 5-10 cm, the voltage of the low-voltage direct current power supply is 12-24V, and the current is 5-10A.
Furthermore, the pH value in the step (3) is 6.5-8.5.
Fourthly, the beneficial effects are that:
1. the method for treating high-concentration high-chroma or difficultly biochemical organic wastewater and preparing the compound oxidant can effectively solve the technical bottleneck problem of treating the high-concentration high-chroma or difficultly biochemical organic wastewater in the prior art.
2. The compound oxidant of the invention does not show strong oxidizing property under the condition of no driving action due to the addition of the stabilizer, thereby being convenient for transportation and storage.
3. The preparation of the compound oxidant is basically carried out under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure, no energy consumption and convenient, simple and safe operation.
4. The compound oxidant overcomes the problems of low oxidation efficiency, incomplete oxidation and the like of the oxidant with a single component.
5. The compound oxidant does not contain chlorine and compounds thereof, and does not contain transition metal ions, so that secondary pollution is not easy to generate.
6. The compound oxidant can quickly and continuously release high-concentration oxidation free radicals (hydroxyl free radicals, excited oxygen free radicals, sulfate free radicals and the like) under the driving action of a low-voltage direct-current electric field and fully exert the oxidation performance of the compound oxidant, can break bonds of high-concentration high-chroma or difficultly biochemical organic matters in wastewater at normal temperature and normal pressure, mineralize the organic matters into carbon dioxide and water, has no strict requirements on the temperature and the pH value (the pH value can be 3-11) of the wastewater, reduces the sludge generation amount by more than 50 percent u compared with the prior art (such as a Fenton method, a Fenton-like method, an iron-carbon internal electrolysis method, an electrolysis method and the like), greatly reduces the treatment cost, and does not generate secondary pollution.
Fifthly, accompanying drawing explanation:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a treatment process of high-concentration, high-chroma or biochemical-resistant organic wastewater of the invention.
Detailed Description
1. The compound oxidant for treating high concentration, high chroma or organic waste water difficult to be biochemically treated is compounded with oxidant and stabilizer in the weight ratio of 95-98% and 2-5%. The preparation process of the compound oxidant comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing concentrated sulfuric acid, metal peroxide and titanium dioxide in proportion (the concentrated sulfuric acid accounts for 39% -48%, the metal peroxide accounts for 50% -60% and the titanium dioxide accounts for 1% -2%) at normal temperature, and keeping the pH value to be 2-3 to react for 1-2 hours;
(2) adding carbonate into the mixture obtained in the step (1) to adjust the pH value to 6-7;
(3) filtering the white crystal obtained in the step (2), and drying at 50-60 ℃ to obtain an oxidant;
(4) and (4) adding a stabilizing agent hydroxy phosphate and sodium hydroxy acetate into the oxidant obtained in the step (3) to obtain the compound oxidant.
2. A process flow for treating high-concentration high-chroma or difficultly biochemical organic wastewater comprises the following steps:
(1) quantitatively delivering high-concentration high-chromaticity or difficult-biochemical organic wastewater into a reactor through a pump, installing a pipeline mixer on a water outlet pipeline of the pump, and adding the compound oxidant according to claim 1 on the pipeline mixer, wherein the adding amount of the compound oxidant is 100-500 mg/L.
(2) And (2) carrying out oxidation reaction on the high-concentration high-chroma or difficultly biochemical organic wastewater added with the compound oxidant in the step (1) for 1-3 h in a reactor, wherein electrode plates are arranged in the reactor, the electrode plates are stainless steel plates subjected to special passivation treatment, the distance between the electrode plates is 5-10 cm, and the electrode plates are connected with a low-voltage direct-current power supply with the voltage of 12-24V and the current of 5-10A.
(3) And (3) adjusting the pH value of the high-concentration high-chroma or difficultly biochemical organic wastewater treated in the step (2) to 6.5-8.5, adding a flocculating agent Polyacrylamide (PAM), performing coagulating sedimentation, and discharging the supernatant up to the standard or performing advanced treatment in a subsequent process.
To further illustrate the present invention, the following description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
1. The compound oxidant of the embodiment of the invention comprises the following components in proportion:
(1) the oxidant accounts for 95%, concentrated sulfuric acid, metal peroxide and titanium dioxide are mixed according to the proportion of 40% of concentrated sulfuric acid, 58% of metal peroxide and 2% of titanium dioxide and react for 1-2 h, the pH value is kept at 2-3 in the reaction process, and the oxidant is obtained through pH adjustment, filtration, crystallization and drying;
(2) the stabilizer accounts for 5 percent and is sodium hydroxy phosphate and sodium hydroxy acetate.
2. The reactor of the invention has the following technological parameters: the reactor has a volume of 3000mL, and is internally provided with electrode plates which are stainless steel plates subjected to special passivation treatment, the distance between the electrode plates is 5cm, and the electrode plates are connected with a low-voltage direct-current power supply with the voltage of 24V and the current of 10A.
Example 1 high concentration Biochemical resistant organic wastewater treatment
The method is used for treating the production wastewater of a rosin plant in Guangxi province, the pH of the wastewater is 2-4, the COD is 7000mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is 50mg/L, the chroma is 450 times, and in a small test, a 2000mL wastewater experiment is taken as an example. The agents used in the experiments were as follows: sodium hydroxide (powder), the compound oxidant (powder) of the invention and polyacrylamide (solution, mass concentration 0.5%). The experimental process comprises the following steps: firstly, adding the production wastewater (2000 mL) of the rosin plant into a reactor; then adding 500mg of compound oxidant, switching on a low-voltage direct-current power supply, and treating for 2 hours; and then adding sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH value of 7, finally adding 10mL of polyacrylamide solution, uniformly stirring, standing and precipitating for 2h, taking supernate to detect that the supernate contains 428.5mg/L of COD and 18.6mg/L of ammonia nitrogen, and the chroma is 20 times, and simultaneously dehydrating and drying the precipitated sludge to obtain 29.68g (the water content is about 70%), namely the sludge (the water content is about 70%) with the production capacity of 14.84kg/m for carrying out the year by utilizing the method.
According to relevant literature data, the wastewater is treated by a Fenton method or a Fenton-like method (such as an electrocatalytic oxidation method), ferrous sulfate and hydrogen peroxide are added, the sludge yield is high due to the addition of the ferrous sulfate, and the yield of the sludge (the water content is about 70%) is about 38.45kg/m of wastewater from the cultivation of trees. The treatment method of the invention reduces the sludge production by 61.40 percent, and greatly saves the sludge disposal cost.
By using the compound oxidant and the treatment method, indexes of ammonia nitrogen (removal rate of 62.80%) and chroma (removal rate of 95.56%) of effluent are superior to that of integrated wastewater discharge standard (GB 8978-1996) except that COD (removal rate of 93.88%) of the effluent cannot directly reach the standard. The invention can lead the organic matters to be hydrolyzed, acidified and molecule transformed while mineralizing part of the organic matters which are difficult to be biochemically treated into carbon dioxide and water, lead the macromolecules to be decomposed into micromolecules, improve the biochemical possibility of the waste water, lead the COD removal rate to be 93.88 percent, lead the BOD/COD to be improved to 0.53 from 0.21, and lead the discharge to reach the standard only to be carried out by aerobic treatment subsequently.
Example 2 high chroma wastewater treatment
The method is used for treating high-chroma production wastewater of a certain compound organic fertilizer plant in Guangxi, wherein brilliant baskets and lemon yellow pigments are used in production, the pH of the wastewater is 6-8, the COD is 500mg/L, and the chroma is 5000 times, and a 2000mL wastewater experiment is taken as an example in a small test. The agents used in the experiments were as follows: sodium hydroxide (powder), the compound oxidant (powder) of the invention and polyacrylamide (solution, mass concentration 0.5%).
Experimental procedure (1): firstly, adding high-chroma production wastewater (2000 mL) of the compound organic fertilizer plant into a reactor; then adding 500mg of compound oxidant, switching on a low-voltage direct-current power supply, and treating for 2 hours; and then adding sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH value of 7, finally adding 10mL of polyacrylamide solution, uniformly stirring, standing and precipitating for 2h, taking supernatant to detect 85mg/L of COD (removal rate of 83%) and 200 times of chroma (decolorization rate of 96%), and simultaneously dehydrating and drying precipitated sludge to obtain 9.88g (water content is about 70%), namely the sludge (water content is about 70%) yield of 4.94kg/m waste water from thin film strip production by thin film strip production.
Experimental procedure (2): firstly, adding high-chroma production wastewater (2000 mL) of the compound organic fertilizer plant into a reactor; then adding 700mg of compound oxidant, switching on a low-voltage direct-current power supply, and treating for 2 hours; and then adding sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH value of 7, finally adding 10mL of polyacrylamide solution, uniformly stirring, standing and precipitating for 2h, taking supernate to detect COD43mg/L (removal rate 91.4%) and chroma 40 times (decolorization rate 99.2%), and simultaneously dehydrating and drying the precipitated sludge to obtain 6.54g (water content is about 70%), namely the yield of the sludge (water content is about 70%) is 3.27kg/m of wastewater for carrying out the method by the method.
According to relevant literature data, the wastewater is treated by an iron-carbon internal electrolysis method, the pH value of the wastewater is adjusted to about 4 by using acid, the pH value of the wastewater is adjusted to about 8 by using alkali after the internal electrolysis is finished, the coagulation and precipitation are carried out, a large amount of acid and alkali are consumed by repeatedly adjusting the pH value, the sludge yield is large due to the dissolution of a large amount of iron, and the sludge yield (the water content is about 70%) is about 32.57 kg/m. The sludge production amount of the treatment method is reduced by 90 percent, and the sludge disposal cost is greatly saved.
The method for treating high-concentration high-chroma or difficultly biochemical organic wastewater and preparing the compound oxidant, which is described in the embodiments 1 and 2, effectively solves the technical bottleneck problem of treating the high-concentration high-chroma or difficultly biochemical organic wastewater in the prior art. The method has the advantages that high-concentration, high-chroma or difficultly biochemical organic matters in the wastewater are broken and broken into bonds and mineralized into carbon dioxide and water at normal temperature and normal pressure, the temperature and the pH value (the pH value can be 2-11) of the wastewater are not strictly required, the sludge production amount is reduced by more than 50% compared with the prior art (such as a Fenton method, a Fenton-like method, an iron-carbon internal electrolysis method, an electrolysis method and the like), the treatment cost is greatly reduced, secondary pollution is not generated, and the like, so that the environmental problem is solved, and meanwhile, high economic benefit and social benefit are generated.
The invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, without limitation, and the embodiments shown in the drawings are only one of the embodiments of the invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if a person skilled in the art receives the teachings of the present invention, without inventive design, a similar structure and an embodiment to the above technical solution should be covered by the protection scope of the present patent.