CN112775311A - Low-cost pressure testing method for titanium and titanium alloy thermal forming die - Google Patents
Low-cost pressure testing method for titanium and titanium alloy thermal forming die Download PDFInfo
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- CN112775311A CN112775311A CN202011552562.9A CN202011552562A CN112775311A CN 112775311 A CN112775311 A CN 112775311A CN 202011552562 A CN202011552562 A CN 202011552562A CN 112775311 A CN112775311 A CN 112775311A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/01—Selection of materials
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost pressure test method for a titanium and titanium alloy thermal forming die. S1, searching a pressure test material with tensile strength close to that of titanium and titanium alloy materials at room temperature under the hot creep temperature; s2, after the pressure test material is placed into a thermal forming die for positioning, the pressure test material and the thermal forming die are installed and clamped to thermal forming equipment; s3, applying forming pressure to the thermal forming die at room temperature by using thermal forming equipment, and then maintaining the pressure for a preset time; and S4, after pressure maintaining is finished, opening the thermal forming die, and taking out a pressure testing piece made of a pressure testing material to finish pressure testing. The invention is a pressure test method which is economical, has ideal effect, can directly observe the forming process and can adjust the technological parameters and the die at any time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium and titanium alloy thermoforming, and relates to a low-cost pressure test method for a titanium and titanium alloy thermoforming mold.
Background
Titanium and titanium alloy parts have the characteristics of high specific strength, high heat strength, good corrosion resistance, large chemical activity, poor thermal conductivity, small elastic modulus and the like. It can work under complicated and severe working conditions of high temperature, high pressure and the like, so that titanium and titanium alloy are widely applied to the industries of aviation, aerospace and the like. With the improvement of the performance of modern airplanes and the continuous innovation of manufacturing technology, the proportion of titanium and titanium alloy parts becomes one of indexes for measuring the advancement of airplanes.
Titanium and titanium alloys have many advantages, but also have some disadvantages: it has high tensile strength at room temperature, poor punching and cutting properties, and is difficult to process. Through research of domestic and foreign expert scholars, the plasticity of titanium and titanium alloy is improved at a certain high temperature, the tensile strength is greatly reduced, and the forming limit of the titanium and titanium alloy can be effectively improved at the high temperature.
The technological parameters for the hot forming of titanium and titanium alloy are obtained by theoretical calculation and related standard query, and in order to obtain a high-quality part, the technological parameters and the trimming die need to be adjusted through actual verification. The die pressure test is a necessary process for titanium and titanium alloy hot forming, and even if finite element software is used for simulation analysis, the process still needs to be carried out. The traditional pressure test method for titanium and titanium alloy thermoforming comprises the following steps:
(1) spraying a colloidal graphite lubricant on the forming working surface of the die;
(2) combining the part molding shape and initially unfolding the wool under the molding die;
(3) spraying a colloidal graphite lubricant on the expanded wool;
(4) clamping the mold on a thermoforming apparatus;
(5) starting a heating program of the thermal forming equipment;
(6) when the temperature of the thermal forming equipment is raised to the thermal forming temperature of the titanium and the titanium alloy, the thermal insulation is carried out;
(7) putting the titanium and titanium alloy expanded blank into thermal forming equipment to be heated for 5-8 minutes;
(8) putting the titanium and titanium alloy expanded blank into a hot forming die, closing the die, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 5-15 minutes;
(9) after the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time of the part is finished, the temperature of the die and the pressed part is reduced along with thermal forming equipment until the part can be taken out;
(10) detecting the molding state of the titanium and titanium alloy parts;
(11) and (5) finishing the formed part tool according to the forming state, and repeating the steps (2) to (10) until the part is qualified.
From the steps, the traditional titanium and titanium alloy pressure test method is complicated and needs to be verified repeatedly. Titanium and titanium alloy materials are expensive in the market, for example, titanium alloy material TC1 commonly used in aviation manufacturing is about 600 yuan/kg, TC4 is about 700 yuan/kg, and more materials are consumed after repeated times. In addition, the method needs to heat the mold together with the equipment to 500-750 ℃ for 15-20 hours, the thermoforming equipment is mostly an electric heating platform, taking SHP72-1000 thermoforming/superplastic forming press as an example, the equipment consumes about 405 ℃ per hour, the electricity cost generated per hour is about 203 yuan, and the electricity cost is about 3045-4060 yuan each time when the equipment is heated to the thermoforming temperature. In the molding process, the equipment is in a closed state for heat preservation, the molding process cannot be observed, the thermal molding process cannot be observed visually, and whether the process parameters are proper or not and whether the mold design and manufacture are correct or not can only be judged through the quality and the tire sticking degree of the cooled parts, so that the difficulty is increased for the analysis and optimization of the thermal molding process in the later period. In conclusion, the conventional pressure test method is extremely high in cost and not ideal in effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: provides a low-cost pressure test method for titanium and titanium alloy hot forming dies. The invention is a pressure test method which is economical, has ideal effect, can directly observe the forming process and can adjust the technological parameters and the die at any time.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a low-cost pressure test method for titanium and titanium alloy hot forming dies is carried out according to the following steps:
s1, searching a pressure test material with tensile strength close to that of titanium and titanium alloy materials at room temperature under the hot creep temperature;
s2, after the pressure test material is placed into a thermal forming die for positioning, the pressure test material and the thermal forming die are installed and clamped to thermal forming equipment;
s3, applying forming pressure to the thermal forming die at room temperature by using thermal forming equipment, and then maintaining the pressure for a preset time;
and S4, after pressure maintaining is finished, opening the thermal forming die, and taking out a pressure testing piece made of a pressure testing material to finish pressure testing.
According to the low-cost titanium and titanium alloy hot forming die pressure test method, when the titanium and titanium alloy material is TC 1M, the pressure test material is LY 12M aluminum alloy; when the titanium and titanium alloy material is TC 4M, the pressure test material is LY 16M aluminum alloy.
In step S1 of the method for testing the pressure of the titanium and titanium alloy thermoforming molds with low cost, the difference between the tensile strength of the pressure testing material at room temperature and the tensile strength of the titanium alloy material at hot creep temperature is 0 to 50 MPa.
In step S2 of the method for testing pressure of a titanium or titanium alloy thermoforming mold with low cost, before the material for testing pressure is placed into the thermoforming mold and positioned, a marking layer is covered on the surface of the core of the thermoforming mold.
According to the low-cost pressure test method for the titanium and titanium alloy thermoforming mold, the marking layer is red lead oil coated on the surface of the mold core or a lead sheet attached to the surface of the mold core.
In step S3 of the method for testing pressure of a titanium or titanium alloy thermoforming mold with low cost, when a forming pressure is applied, the heat-retaining region around the thermoforming apparatus is in a fully opened state.
In step S3, the preset pressure maintaining time is 5-15 minutes.
In step S4 of the low-cost titanium and titanium alloy hot forming die pressure testing method, after one pressure test, pressure testing process parameters are adjusted according to the forming state of the pressure testing piece, and the adjusting process is as follows:
when the molding state of the test pressing piece shows that the part is not attached to the mold, gradually increasing the molding pressure until the tire attaching degree of the part meets the requirement;
when the molding state of the test pressing piece shows that the part is wrinkled and cracked, the molding pressure is gradually reduced until the part has no quality defects such as wrinkling and cracking and is attached to a mold.
The invention has the advantages that: compared with the traditional pressure testing method, the pressure testing of the die is carried out at normal temperature, and the die does not need to be heated to 500-750 ℃, so that the power consumption is greatly reduced. According to estimation, the electricity cost can be saved by 3045-4060 yuan after each part is verified once. Moreover, the depreciation rate of the thermoforming equipment is low because the equipment is not heated. In addition, the material with lower cost is used for replacing titanium and titanium alloy materials for pressure test verification, so that the material cost is greatly reduced; such as: titanium alloy materials commonly used in aerospace manufacturing are TC1 of about 600 parts per kilogram, TC4 of about 700 parts per kilogram, LY12 of only about 41 parts per kilogram, and LY16 of only about 45 parts per kilogram. Compared with the traditional pressure testing method, the pressure testing method can save about 3 ten thousand yuan for each part, and is more economic and environment-friendly.
According to the pressure testing method, when the forming pressure is applied, the heat preservation areas around the thermal forming equipment are in the fully opened state, and the forming process of the test pressing piece can be visually observed, so that the technological parameters can be adjusted in real time according to the observed forming condition during forming; the mould is not heated, so that the mould parameters can be collected in a mode of covering a mark layer on the surface of the core of the thermal forming mould, so that the mould is convenient to trim, and the mould is simpler to trim; in addition, after the pressure test is finished, the temperature reduction of the pressure test piece and the die is not needed; therefore, the pressure test method provided by the invention has the advantages that the pressure test verification efficiency and quality are greatly improved, and high-quality titanium and titanium alloy parts can be economically and effectively obtained.
In conclusion, the invention provides a verification method which is economic, has ideal effect, can directly observe the forming process and can adjust the process parameters and the die at any time, and has reference significance for quality improvement, cost reduction and efficiency improvement of various research and production units.
Detailed Description
The technical literature and implementation steps of the present invention are described in detail and fully with reference to the following examples, which show that the described examples are only a part of the examples, not all of the examples.
Example 1
A low-cost pressure test method for titanium and titanium alloy hot forming dies is carried out according to the following steps:
s1, searching a pressure test material with tensile strength close to that of titanium and titanium alloy materials at room temperature under the hot creep temperature;
wherein, the searching approach can be 'Chinese aviation material handbook' or other material performance data with authority representativeness;
s2, after the pressure test material is placed into a thermal forming die for positioning, the pressure test material and the thermal forming die are installed and clamped to thermal forming equipment;
s3, applying forming pressure to the thermal forming die at room temperature by using thermal forming equipment, and then maintaining the pressure for a preset time;
and S4, after pressure maintaining is finished, opening the thermal forming die, and taking out a pressure testing piece made of a pressure testing material to finish pressure testing.
When the titanium and titanium alloy material is TC 1M, the pressure test material is LY 12M aluminum alloy; when the titanium and titanium alloy material is TC 4M, the pressure test material is LY 16M aluminum alloy. The corresponding aluminum alloy is used for replacing, so that the material cost can be greatly reduced on the premise of meeting the pressure test requirement.
In the step S1, the difference between the tensile strength of the pressure test material at room temperature and the tensile strength of the titanium alloy material at hot creep temperature is 0 to 50 MPa. Under the condition of meeting the pressure test requirement, the range of the difference value can be expanded as much as possible so as to expand the substitution range of the material. According to the invention, a large number of experiments of the inventor are summarized, and the difference range of 0-50 MPa is most moderate.
In step S2, the surface of the core of the thermoforming mold is covered with a marking layer before the pressure testing material is placed in the thermoforming mold and positioned. The degree of adhesion of the surface of the mold core and a pressure test piece is detected through the marking layer, so that the mold is convenient to trim.
Specifically, the marking layer is red lead oil coated on the surface of the core, or a lead sheath attached to the surface of the core. Taking red lead oil as an example, the degree of attachment of the mold and the test piece is verified according to the uniformity of the red lead oil on the mold: when the surface color of the core is darker or completely consistent with that before the trial-pressing piece is not placed, the area of the mold needs to be heightened; when the color is lighter or the pressure test piece is rubbed off completely, the area of the die needs to be reduced.
In step S3, the heat-retaining area around the thermoforming apparatus is fully opened when the molding pressure is applied. The molding process of the trial pressing piece is convenient to observe.
In the step S3, the preset time for pressure maintaining is 5 to 15 minutes.
In the foregoing step S4, after completing the first pressure test, the pressure test process parameters are adjusted according to the molding state of the test piece, and the adjustment process is as follows:
when the molding state of the test pressing piece shows that the part is not attached to the mold, gradually increasing the molding pressure until the tire attaching degree of the part meets the requirement;
when the molding state of the test pressing piece shows that the part is wrinkled and cracked, the molding pressure is gradually reduced until the part has no quality defects such as wrinkling and cracking and is attached to a mold.
Example 2
A low-cost pressure test method for titanium and titanium alloy hot forming dies comprises the following implementation processes:
(1) looking up Chinese aviation material handbook or other authoritative representative material performance data, and looking up pressure test materials with tensile strength close to that of titanium and titanium alloy materials at the hot creep temperature at room temperature, wherein the pressure test materials corresponding to titanium alloy material TC 1M, TC 4M materials commonly used in aviation manufacturing are LY 12M, LY 16M respectively;
(2) preparing a pressure test material according to the searched result in the step (1);
(3) firstly unfolding the woollen material under the condition of using a pressure test material by combining a forming die according to the forming shape of the part;
(4) completely opening the heat preservation area around the thermoforming equipment;
(5) coating red lead oil on the mould;
(6) hoisting and clamping the die on thermal forming equipment through a lifting ring;
(7) placing the initial expanded blank for replacing titanium and titanium alloy for verification on a die and positioning;
(8) the thermoforming equipment begins to apply molding pressure according to the pressure obtained by theoretical calculation, does not heat, keeps the heat preservation area around the equipment open, and observes the molding process in the whole process;
(9) keeping the pressure for 5-15 minutes after the upper and lower working platforms of the thermal forming equipment are folded;
(10) and (3) after the pressure maintaining is finished, opening the upper working platform and the lower working platform, directly detecting the molding state of the test pressing piece, and adjusting process parameters according to the molding state: when the part is not attached to the die according to the verification result, gradually increasing the forming pressure until the tire attaching degree of the part meets the requirement; when the verification result is that the part is wrinkled and cracked, gradually reducing the forming pressure until the part has no quality defects such as wrinkling and cracking and adhering the die;
(11) the degree of fit between the die and the part is verified according to the uniformity of the red lead oil on the die, when the color is darker or is completely consistent with that before the part is not placed, the region of the die needs to be heightened, and when the color is lighter or is completely rubbed off by the part, the region of the die needs to be reduced.
Claims (8)
1. A low-cost pressure test method for titanium and titanium alloy hot forming dies is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, searching a pressure test material with tensile strength close to that of titanium and titanium alloy materials at room temperature under the hot creep temperature;
s2, after the pressure test material is placed into a thermal forming die for positioning, the pressure test material and the thermal forming die are installed and clamped to thermal forming equipment;
s3, applying forming pressure to the thermal forming die at room temperature by using thermal forming equipment, and then maintaining the pressure for a preset time;
and S4, after pressure maintaining is finished, opening the thermal forming die, and taking out a pressure testing piece made of a pressure testing material to finish pressure testing.
2. The method for testing the pressure of the titanium and titanium alloy hot forming die with low cost as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the titanium and titanium alloy material is TC 1M, the pressure testing material is LY 12M aluminum alloy; when the titanium and titanium alloy material is TC 4M, the pressure test material is LY 16M aluminum alloy.
3. The low-cost pressure test method for the titanium and titanium alloy hot forming mold according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the difference between the tensile strength of the pressure test material at room temperature and the tensile strength of the titanium alloy material at hot creep temperature is 0-50 MPa.
4. The method for testing pressure of titanium and titanium alloy hot forming dies at low cost according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, before the material for testing pressure is loaded into the hot forming dies and positioned, the surface of the core of the hot forming dies is covered with a marking layer.
5. The method for pressure testing of low-cost titanium and titanium alloy hot forming dies according to claim 4, wherein the marking layer is red lead oil coated on the surface of the core or lead skin attached to the surface of the core.
6. The method for pressure testing of low-cost titanium and titanium alloy hot forming dies according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the heat-retaining area around the hot forming equipment is in a fully open state when the forming pressure is applied.
7. The method for pressure testing of titanium and titanium alloy hot forming dies according to claim 6, wherein in step S3, the pressure is maintained for 5-15 minutes.
8. The method for testing the pressure of the titanium and titanium alloy hot forming mold with low cost as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4, after completing the first pressure test, the technological parameters of the pressure test are adjusted according to the forming status of the pressure test piece, and the adjusting process is as follows:
when the molding state of the test pressing piece shows that the part is not attached to the mold, gradually increasing the molding pressure until the tire attaching degree of the part meets the requirement;
when the molding state of the test pressing piece shows that the part is wrinkled and cracked, the molding pressure is gradually reduced until the part has no quality defects such as wrinkling and cracking and is attached to a mold.
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