CN112774392B - Oil gas treatment system and method for crude oil unloading - Google Patents
Oil gas treatment system and method for crude oil unloading Download PDFInfo
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- CN112774392B CN112774392B CN201911078530.7A CN201911078530A CN112774392B CN 112774392 B CN112774392 B CN 112774392B CN 201911078530 A CN201911078530 A CN 201911078530A CN 112774392 B CN112774392 B CN 112774392B
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1431—Pretreatment by other processes
- B01D53/1437—Pretreatment by adsorption
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1487—Removing organic compounds
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1493—Selection of liquid materials for use as absorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
- B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B67D7/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
- B67D7/04—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes for transferring fuels, lubricants or mixed fuels and lubricants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
- B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B67D7/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
- B67D7/06—Details or accessories
- B67D7/42—Filling nozzles
- B67D7/54—Filling nozzles with means for preventing escape of liquid or vapour or for recovering escaped liquid or vapour
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
- B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B67D7/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
- B67D7/06—Details or accessories
- B67D7/80—Arrangements of heating or cooling devices for liquids to be transferred
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
- B01D2252/205—Other organic compounds not covered by B01D2252/00 - B01D2252/20494
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
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Abstract
The invention discloses an oil gas treatment system for crude oil unloading, which comprises: the unloading pipeline is used for connecting the crude oil tank wagon and the unloading pool in a sealing way; a gas phase collection line disposed at the top of the oil discharge tank; the gas inlet of the absorption tower is connected with the gas phase collecting line, and the absorbent inlet and the liquid outlet of the absorption tower are respectively connected with the oil discharge tank; the adsorption state and the desorption state of the two groups of adsorption devices are alternately carried out, the air inlets of the two groups of adsorption devices are connected with the gas outlet of the absorption tower, and desorption gas respectively enters the gas inlet of the absorption tower and the oil discharge tank; and a crude oil transfer pump connecting the oil discharge tank and the oil storage tank. The invention also discloses an oil gas treatment method for unloading the crude oil. According to the invention, by combining crude oil unloading, oil gas recovery and oil gas conveying, the overall optimization control of the system is realized, the scale of the device is reduced, the operation is simple, and the energy consumption is reduced; the oil gas pollution is reduced through the gas phase pressure balance in the system, and the micro emission and even zero emission are basically achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas treatment, in particular to an oil and gas treatment system and method for crude oil unloading.
Background
China is a major country of crude oil import, and the world of crude oil import is kept for many years for the first. The vast majority of crude oil terminals are ship unloading processes at coastal ports and inland ports. After the crude oil is stored in crude oil storage tanks by a ship unloading process, it is typically required to be transported to a refinery or refinery unit. Crude oil transportation generally has two modes, namely pipeline transportation and highway transportation. In some areas, the road transport of crude oil is a significant proportion. After crude oil is transported to a refinery by highway, the crude oil is discharged in a gravity self-flowing mode, enters an underground tank and is transported to a raw material department by a raw oil pump. During unloading of crude oil, the top end cap of the vehicle is opened to balance the pressure in the tank car. The subsurface tanks are also typically pressure balanced in an open manner to avoid pressure fluctuations due to imbalance in inflow or outflow of crude oil. This results in a large amount of crude oil exhaust gas being discharged to the atmosphere without treatment, causing environmental pollution.
Crude oil gas mainly comprises VOCs, hydrogen sulfide, water, a small amount of thiols and thioether substances, and generally has pungent smell. Sulfide gas has strong toxic effect on the central nervous system of human, and can cause headache, nausea and paralysis and death when inhaled into low concentration steam, and can cause respiratory paralysis and death when inhaled into high concentration steam. Therefore, there is an urgent real demand for the control and elimination of VOCs gas generated during crude oil unloading.
At present, the waste gas treatment systems adopted by partial crude oil unloading processes are basically set independently, and the consequence is that the waste gas treatment devices are complex in process, huge in treatment capacity, lack of system control and optimization, high in investment cost and serious in energy waste.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an oil gas treatment system and an oil gas treatment method for crude oil unloading, so that a crude oil tank wagon, an oil unloading pool, oil gas recovery and crude oil transportation are combined, and overall system control and optimization are realized.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a system and a method for oil and gas treatment of crude oil unloading, so as to reduce the pollution of oil and gas emission during crude oil unloading in the prior art.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide an oil gas treatment system and method for unloading crude oil, so as to avoid potential safety hazards caused by sudden rise of pressure or excessive pressure in an oil unloading pool while ensuring the unloading efficiency of crude oil.
To achieve one or more of the above objects, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an oil and gas treatment system for unloading crude oil, comprising: the unloading pipeline is used for connecting the crude oil tank wagon and the unloading pool in a sealing way; a gas phase collection line disposed at the top of the oil discharge tank; the gas inlet of the absorption tower is connected with the gas phase collecting line, and the absorbent inlet and the liquid outlet of the absorption tower are respectively connected with the oil discharge tank; the adsorption state and the desorption state of the two groups of adsorption devices are alternately carried out, the air inlets of the two groups of adsorption devices are connected with the gas outlet of the absorption tower, and desorption gas respectively enters the gas inlet of the absorption tower and the oil discharge tank; and a crude oil transfer pump connecting the oil discharge tank and the oil storage tank.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the flow rate of the crude oil delivery pump can be adjusted so that the liquid level of the oil discharging pool is unchanged.
Furthermore, in the technical scheme, the oil discharge tank is provided with a liquid level meter.
Further, in the technical scheme, when the liquid level of the oil discharge tank is higher than a preset upper liquid level limit, the liquid level meter sends out an alarm signal; when the liquid level of the oil discharging pool is lower than the preset liquid level lower limit, the liquid level meter sends out an alarm signal and/or the crude oil conveying pump is closed.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the oil discharge tank is connected with the absorbent inlet of the absorption tower through the crude oil circulating pump and the refrigerator.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the absorption tower is a packed absorption tower.
Furthermore, in the technical scheme, the absorption tower adopts stainless steel filler.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the unloading pipeline includes: a gravity-fed oil discharge pipe that communicates the crude tank car with the oil discharge Chi Yexiang; and the gas phase connecting pry block is used for communicating the crude oil tank wagon with the oil discharge pool in a gas phase manner.
Furthermore, in the technical scheme, the gravity self-flow oil discharge pipe is connected with the crude oil tank wagon through a hose.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the gas phase connection sled piece includes flexible movable tube.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the oil discharge tank is provided with a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor detects the gas phase space pressure value of the oil discharge tank.
Further, in the above technical solution, the gas phase collection line is provided with an emergency release valve.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of treating oil and gas for crude oil unloading, the method employing a crude oil unloading oil and gas treatment system according to any one of the above technical solutions, the method comprising at least the steps of: connecting the crude oil tank wagon with an oil discharge pool by adopting an unloading pipeline to perform gravity self-flow unloading; collecting incremental gas in a gas phase space of the oil discharging tank; absorbing the incremental gas, wherein crude oil is adopted as an absorbent in the absorption step, and the generated liquid flows back to an oil unloading tank; carrying out an adsorption step and a desorption step on the gas generated in the adsorption step, discharging the residual gas in the adsorption step, and repeating the adsorption step in a part of the desorption gas generated in the desorption step, wherein the other part of the desorption gas returns to the gas-phase space of the oil discharge tank; and carrying out a crude oil conveying step according to the liquid level of the oil discharging pool.
Furthermore, in the technical scheme, the crude oil conveying step adopts automatic frequency conversion adjustment.
Further, in the technical scheme, when the liquid level in the oil discharging tank reaches the preset upper limit of the liquid level, an alarm signal is sent out; and when the liquid level in the oil discharging pool reaches the preset liquid level lower limit, sending an alarm signal and/or stopping the crude oil conveying step.
In the technical scheme, the method further comprises a crude oil refrigeration step before the absorption step.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. through the integrated design of crude oil unloading, oil gas recovery and oil gas conveying, the whole optimization control of the system is realized, the device scale is reduced, the operation is simple, and the energy consumption is reduced.
2. The closed crude oil unloading system reduces oil gas pollution by utilizing gas phase self-pressure balance, so as to achieve micro emission and even zero emission; the air inlet amount is reduced, and the load of the device is reduced.
3. The crude oil tank wagon is communicated with the gas phase and the liquid phase of the oil discharge pool respectively, so that the crude oil discharge efficiency is ensured, and meanwhile, the operation safety is ensured through emergency discharge measures and alarm measures.
4. And the automatic frequency conversion is adopted to adjust the crude oil transportation, so that the liquid level in the oil discharging pool is kept stable, and the volatilization of the crude oil caused by disturbance is reduced.
5. The cooled crude oil is used as an absorbent and then returned to the oil discharge tank to form a circulation, so that saturated rich oil in the oil discharge tank can be diluted.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and it is to be understood that it is intended to provide a more clear understanding of the technical means of the present invention and to enable the technical means to be carried out in accordance with the contents of the specification, while at the same time providing a more complete understanding of the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention, and one or more preferred embodiments thereof are set forth below, together with the detailed description given below, along with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an oil and gas treatment system for crude oil offloading according to an embodiment of the invention.
The main reference numerals illustrate:
10-crude oil tank wagon, 20-oil discharge tank, 21-gas phase collection line, 22-pressure sensor, 23-emergency relief valve, 24-liquid level meter, 30-car discharge pipeline, 31-gravity self-flow oil discharge pipe, 32-gas phase connection sled piece, 41-absorption tower, 42-first adsorption equipment, 43-second adsorption equipment, 44-vacuum pump, 45-refrigerator, 46-crude oil circulating pump, 50-crude oil delivery pump.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is, therefore, to be taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Throughout the specification and claims, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the term "comprise" or variations thereof such as "comprises" or "comprising", etc. will be understood to include the stated element or component without excluding other elements or other components.
Spatially relative terms, such as "below," "beneath," "lower," "above," "upper," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element's or feature's relationship to another element's or feature's in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the article in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the article in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" the elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term "below" may encompass both a direction of below and a direction of above. The article may have other orientations (rotated 90 degrees or other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
The terms "first," "second," and the like herein are used for distinguishing between two different elements or regions and are not intended to limit a particular position or relative relationship. In other words, in some embodiments, the terms "first," "second," etc. may also be interchanged with one another.
As shown in fig. 1, the oil and gas treatment system for crude oil unloading according to the embodiment of the present invention is used for unloading operation of a crude oil tank wagon 10 to an oil unloading pool 20. The oil and gas treatment system includes a discharge line 30 that sealingly connects the crude oil tank car 10 and the discharge tank 20. Typically, the dump chest 20 is located underground and is connected to a storage tank (not shown) of the tank farm by a crude oil transfer pump 50. The top of the oil discharge tank 20 is provided with a gas phase collection line 21, and oil gas in the oil discharge tank 20 can enter the absorption tower 41 through the gas phase collection line 21. The absorbent of the absorption tower 41 is crude oil in the oil discharge tank 20, the absorbent (crude oil) in the absorption tower 41 is in countercurrent contact with the oil gas, a liquid phase part enters the oil discharge tank 20 from a liquid outlet at the bottom of the absorption tower 41, and a gas phase part enters an adsorption device from a gas outlet at the top of the absorption tower 41 for adsorption treatment. The number of the adsorption devices may be two, the first adsorption device 42 and the second adsorption device 43 are arranged in parallel, and the adsorption state and the desorption state of the two adsorption devices are alternately performed, that is, when one adsorption device is in the adsorption state, the other adsorption device is in the desorption state. It should be understood that the two adsorption devices may be two groups of adsorption devices, each group including more than one adsorption device. The first adsorption device 42 and the second adsorption device 43 may be adsorption tanks, such as activated carbon adsorption tanks, that is, the adsorbent is activated carbon, and it should be understood that the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art may select an appropriate adsorbent according to actual needs. The first adsorption device 42 or the second adsorption device 43 is vacuumized and desorbed under the suction action of the vacuum pump 44, and the pumped high-concentration oil gas enters the gas inlet of the absorption tower 41 and the gas phase space of the oil discharge tank 20 respectively.
Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the invention, the flow rate of the crude oil transfer pump 50 may be adjusted based on the level of the dump tank 20 to substantially maintain a stable level. The number of simultaneous unloading of crude oil tankers is not determined, and the tank capacity is also not determined, which may cause the liquid level of the oil unloading pool 20 to be in a fluctuating state. To ensure system stability, the level gauge 24 may be configured to monitor the level of the oil sump 20 in real time and transmit a level signal to the crude oil transfer pump 50 to achieve automatic variable frequency flow rate adjustment to maintain a stable level. In the crude oil unloading process, the volume of the generated gas phase is 1.1-1.2 times of the volume of the liquid phase. Meanwhile, in order to maintain fluidity of crude oil, the oil discharge tank 20 is generally provided with a steam heating device, resulting in an increase in the amount of light hydrocarbon volatilized from crude oil. In addition, in the oil and gas treatment process of the present invention, the amount of the high-concentration oil and gas desorbed by the vacuum pump 44 is also large, typically 3 to 4 times the rated treatment capacity, so that a small part of the desorbed gas returns to the absorption tower 41 and a large part returns to the gas phase space of the oil discharge tank 20. The gas phase volume can still ensure the gas phase space balance of the crude oil tank car 10 under the condition that the liquid level of the oil discharging pool 20 is kept unchanged during the crude oil discharging process.
Preferably, and not by way of limitation, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, an upper liquid level limit and a lower liquid level limit may be preset, and the level gauge emits an alarm signal when the liquid level of the oil discharge tank 20 is higher than the preset upper liquid level limit; when the liquid level of the oil discharge tank 20 is below a preset lower liquid level limit, the liquid level meter sends an alarm signal and/or turns off the crude oil delivery pump 50.
Preferably, and not by way of limitation, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the invention, crude oil from the oil discharge tank 20 may be pumped via the crude oil circulation pump 46 to the refrigerator 45 for cooling and then to the absorber column 41 as absorbent. Illustratively, the absorber 41 may be a packed absorber, and the absorber 41 may be a stainless steel packing. Illustratively, the temperature of the crude oil passing through the refrigerator 45 is reduced from 30 ℃ to 10 to 15 ℃.
Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the dump line 30 includes a gravity feed dump tube 31 that fluidly communicates the crude tank truck 10 and the dump tank 20, and a gas phase connection skid 32 that fluidly communicates the crude tank truck 10 and the dump tank 20. Preferably, but not by way of limitation, gravity flow discharge pipe 31 may be connected to crude oil tank car 10 by a hose (not shown). The gas phase connection skid 32 may include a telescoping movable tube and a top closure head (not shown) that may be adjusted depending on the tank car position and ensure a sealed connection.
Preferably, and not by way of limitation, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the invention, the oil sump 20 is provided with a pressure sensor 22, the pressure sensor 22 monitoring the vapor space pressure value of the oil sump 20 in real time. To increase the safety of the system, the gas phase collection line 21 is provided with an emergency release valve 23. When the gas phase space pressure value of the oil discharge tank 20 suddenly rises or an emergency occurs, the emergency release valve 23 is opened to release the accident gas, and when the pressure value is reduced to a safe value, the emergency release valve 23 is closed, and the device is restored to normal operation. For example, when the absorption tower 41, the adsorption device, the vacuum pump 44 or other parts of the system are in fault, oil gas generated in the unloading process is discharged through the emergency release valve 23, so that the safety of system facilities is ensured. Preferably, the oil and gas is discharged through an emergency release valve 23 into a blow-down pipe (not shown in the drawings).
Referring to FIG. 1, in one or more embodiments of the present invention, a method for treating oil and gas for unloading crude oil includes at least the steps of: connecting the crude oil tank wagon 10 with the oil discharge pool 20 by adopting a discharge pipeline 30 to perform gravity self-flow discharge; collecting the increment gas in the gas phase space of the oil discharging tank 20; an absorption step of absorbing the incremental gas by using crude oil as an absorbent, and returning the generated liquid to the oil discharge tank 20; carrying out an adsorption step and a desorption step on the gas generated in the adsorption step, discharging the residual gas in the adsorption step, and repeating the adsorption step in a part of the desorption gas generated in the desorption step, wherein the other part of the desorption gas returns to the gas-phase space of the oil discharge tank 20; and performing a crude oil delivery step based on the level of the oil discharge tank 20.
Preferably, but not by way of limitation, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the invention, the crude oil delivery step employs automatic frequency conversion adjustment. Preferably, and without limitation, an alarm signal is sent when the liquid level in the oil sump 20 reaches a preset upper liquid level limit; and when the liquid level in the oil discharge tank 20 reaches a preset lower liquid level limit, an alarm signal is sent and/or the crude oil conveying step is stopped.
Preferably, but not by way of limitation, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the invention, the absorption step further comprises a crude oil refrigeration step.
The oil gas treatment system and the method for crude oil unloading are suitable for crude oil unloading operation of refineries or refining units. According to the invention, the characteristics of crude oil unloading process, oil gas recovery process and crude oil conveying are combined, the system and the method of parameter monitoring and control are organically combined, so that on one hand, the gas quantity of crude oil gas is greatly reduced, the device scale is reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced; on the other hand, the whole unloading process and the oil gas recovery process are combined into a complete process system, so that the management and the operation are convenient. The invention has great environmental benefit and certain economic benefit. The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the oil and gas treatment system for crude oil unloading shown in fig. 1, and it should be understood that the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the volume of the oil discharge tank 20 is 600m 3 The oil discharge tank is provided with a steam heating line (not shown in the figure) to prevent condensation of crude oil. 10 crude oil tank cars 10 were simultaneously unloaded, and the capacity of each crude oil tank car 10 was 30 tons. The crude oil tank wagon 10 is connected with the oil discharging pool 20 in a sealing way through a discharging pipeline 30 (a gravity flow oil discharging pipe 31 and a gas phase connecting pry block 32) to perform gravity flow discharging operation. The capacity of the absorber 41 and the two adsorption units was 300m 3 And/h, the liquid level stabilizing value in the oil discharging pool 20 is preset to be 1.5m. The crude oil unloading efficiency is 60 tons/hour, and the oil gas treatment efficiency reaches 97 percent.
The crude oil tank wagon is parked to the unloading position of the oil unloading pool 20, and is respectively connected with the oil unloading pool 20 in a sealing way through the unloading pipeline 30, so that pressure balance is realized, and gravity self-flow unloading operation is carried out. The crude oil loaded in the crude oil tank car 10 continuously enters the oil discharging tank 20, and meanwhile, the gas phase volume in the oil discharging tank 20 continuously enters the crude oil tank car 10, so that space volume exchange is realized, the volume which needs air supplement in the prior art is changed into the volume which needs oil gas supplement in the oil discharging tank 20, the processing capacity of the subsequent oil gas recovery step is greatly reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, and the device scale is reduced. The liquid level in the oil discharge tank 20 is maintained at a preset liquid level stabilizing value by automatic variable frequency flow adjustment of the crude oil transfer pump 50. The incremental gas in the gas phase space in the oil discharge tank 20 enters the absorption tower 41 from the gas phase collecting line 21 to be in countercurrent contact with the circulating crude oil cooled by the refrigerator 45, the liquid generated in the absorption process flows back to the oil discharge tank 20 from the bottom of the tower, and the absorbed and purified oil gas is discharged from the top of the tower to the first adsorption device 42 in an adsorption state. The oil gas passes through the first adsorption device 42 from bottom to top, the oil gas is adsorbed in the adsorbent, and the residual standard gas is discharged into the atmosphere. The high-concentration oil gas in the second adsorption device 43 in the desorption state is pumped by the vacuum pump 44 and is respectively delivered to the absorption tower 41 and the oil discharge tank 20. When the first adsorption device 42 is saturated, the first adsorption device 42 is switched to the desorption state, and the second adsorption device 43 is switched to the adsorption state. The system of the embodiment has full-automatic control of crude oil unloading, oil gas recovery and crude oil conveying processes and is simple to operate. The device can meet higher environmental protection requirements and realize micro-emission while maintaining certain unloading efficiency.
Example 2
The crude oil tank car 10 of example 1 was sealed to the discharge tank 20 by gravity-fed discharge pipe 31 alone, with the other conditions unchanged. The crude oil loaded in the crude oil tank car 10 continuously enters the oil discharging pool 20, and the generated oil gas can increase the gas resistance, so that the crude oil discharging flow speed is reduced, and the crude oil discharging efficiency is only 10 tons/hour on average in the embodiment.
Example 3
The crude oil tank car 10 in example 1 was increased to 20, the liquid level stabilizing value in the oil discharge tank 20 was preset to 1.5m, and the other conditions were unchanged. The crude oil unloading efficiency is 63 tons/hour, and the oil gas treatment efficiency reaches 97 percent.
Example 4
The liquid level stabilizing value of the oil discharge tank 20 in example 1 was preset to 0.5m, and the other conditions were unchanged. The crude oil unloading efficiency is 65 tons/hour, and the oil gas treatment efficiency reaches 96 percent. Compared with the embodiment 1, the preset height of the liquid level stable value is reduced, so that the crude oil unloading efficiency is improved, but the oil gas treatment efficiency is reduced, and the increasingly strict environmental protection standard is not met.
Example 5
The liquid level stabilizing value of the oil discharge tank 20 in the embodiment 1 is canceled from being preset, the crude oil conveying pump 50 is started after the crude oil is discharged, the crude oil in the oil discharge tank 20 is conveyed to the oil storage tank, and other conditions are unchanged. The crude oil unloading efficiency is 70 tons/hour, and the oil gas treatment efficiency reaches 95 percent.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable one skilled in the art to make and utilize the invention in various exemplary embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. Any simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications of the above-described exemplary embodiments should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. An oil and gas treatment system for unloading crude oil, comprising:
the unloading pipeline is used for connecting the crude oil tank wagon and the unloading pool in a sealing way;
a gas phase collection line disposed at a top of the oil discharge tank;
the gas inlet of the absorption tower is connected with the gas phase collecting line, and the absorbent inlet and the liquid outlet of the absorption tower are respectively connected with the oil discharge tank;
the adsorption state and the desorption state of the two groups of adsorption devices are alternately carried out, the air inlets of the two groups of adsorption devices are connected with the gas outlet of the absorption tower, and desorption gas respectively enters the gas inlet of the absorption tower and the oil discharge tank; and
and the crude oil delivery pump is used for connecting the oil discharging pool and the oil storage tank, and the flow rate of the crude oil delivery pump can be adjusted so that the liquid level of the oil discharging pool is unchanged.
2. The oil and gas treatment system for crude oil unloading according to claim 1, wherein the oil unloading pool is provided with a liquid level meter.
3. The oil and gas treatment system for crude oil unloading according to claim 2, wherein the level meter sends out an alarm signal when the liquid level of the oil unloading pool is higher than a preset upper limit of the liquid level; when the liquid level of the oil discharge pool is lower than the preset liquid level lower limit, the liquid level meter sends out an alarm signal and/or the crude oil conveying pump is closed.
4. The crude oil discharge oil and gas processing system as set forth in claim 1 wherein the discharge tank is connected to the absorber inlet of the absorber column by a crude oil circulation pump and a refrigerator.
5. The crude oil unloading oil and gas processing system as set forth in claim 4, wherein said absorber is a packed absorber.
6. The crude oil unloading oil and gas processing system as set forth in claim 5, wherein said absorber tower is filled with stainless steel.
7. The crude oil offloading oil and gas processing system of claim 1, wherein the offloading line comprises:
a gravity-fed oil discharge pipe that communicates the crude oil tank wagon with the oil discharge Chi Yexiang; and
and the gas phase connection pry block is used for communicating the crude oil tank wagon with the oil discharge pool in a gas phase manner.
8. The crude oil discharge oil and gas processing system of claim 7 wherein the gravity fed discharge pipe is connected to the crude oil tank car by a hose.
9. The crude oil handling system of claim 7, wherein the gas phase connection skid comprises a telescoping movable tube.
10. The oil and gas treatment system of crude oil unloading according to claim 1, wherein the oil unloading pool is provided with a pressure sensor which detects a gas phase space pressure value of the oil unloading pool.
11. The crude oil handling system of claim 10, wherein the gas phase collection line is provided with an emergency relief valve.
12. A method for treating oil and gas in crude oil unloading, characterized in that the method adopts the oil and gas treatment system for crude oil unloading according to any one of claims 1 to 11, and the method at least comprises the following steps:
connecting the crude oil tank wagon with an oil discharge pool by adopting the unloading pipeline to perform gravity self-flow unloading;
collecting the increment gas of the gas phase space of the oil discharge tank;
the incremental gas is subjected to an absorption step, crude oil is adopted as an absorbent in the absorption step, and the generated liquid flows back to the oil discharge tank;
carrying out an adsorption step and a desorption step on the gas generated in the adsorption step, discharging the residual gas in the adsorption step, wherein part of the desorption gas generated in the desorption step is used for repeating the adsorption step, and the other part of the desorption gas returns to the gas-phase space of the oil discharge tank; and
and carrying out a crude oil conveying step according to the liquid level of the oil discharging pool.
13. The method for oil and gas handling for unloading crude oil as defined in claim 12 wherein said crude oil transportation step is adjusted by automatic frequency conversion.
14. The oil and gas treatment method for crude oil unloading according to claim 13, wherein an alarm signal is sent out when the liquid level in the oil unloading tank reaches a preset upper liquid level limit; and when the liquid level in the oil discharging pool reaches a preset liquid level lower limit, sending an alarm signal and/or stopping the crude oil conveying step.
15. The method for oil and gas handling for unloading crude oil as defined in claim 12, wherein said absorbing step is preceded by a crude oil refrigeration step.
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