CN112768551A - 层叠结构组件、窗组件和控制方法 - Google Patents

层叠结构组件、窗组件和控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112768551A
CN112768551A CN202010364305.6A CN202010364305A CN112768551A CN 112768551 A CN112768551 A CN 112768551A CN 202010364305 A CN202010364305 A CN 202010364305A CN 112768551 A CN112768551 A CN 112768551A
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China
Prior art keywords
layer
dimming
power
photovoltaic
light
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Pending
Application number
CN202010364305.6A
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English (en)
Inventor
王璐
马思腾
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Priority to CN202010364305.6A priority Critical patent/CN112768551A/zh
Priority to US17/919,457 priority patent/US20230150238A1/en
Priority to JP2022566230A priority patent/JP2023523367A/ja
Priority to PCT/CN2021/090381 priority patent/WO2021218980A1/en
Priority to EP21797393.2A priority patent/EP4143892A4/en
Priority to KR1020227037155A priority patent/KR20230004538A/ko
Publication of CN112768551A publication Critical patent/CN112768551A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H01L31/12Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof structurally associated with, e.g. formed in or on a common substrate with, one or more electric light sources, e.g. electroluminescent light sources, and electrically or optically coupled thereto
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Abstract

本发明提供一种层叠结构组件,其在上层透明基板和下层透明基板之间,由上到下依次层叠设置光伏层、调光层和发光层的不同组合,并设置粘接层以粘接邻接的层。本发明还提供窗组件,其包括前述层叠结构组件以及与层叠结构组件电气连接的控制器。本发明进一步提供调节窗组件的方法,还提供用于控制的计算设备和计算机可读介质。本发明的层叠结构组件能够提供多种功能的组合,满足用户的需求。

Description

层叠结构组件、窗组件和控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及夹层玻璃,具体涉及具有中间功能层的夹层玻璃的层叠结构。
背景技术
夹层玻璃是在两片或多片玻璃之间设置一层或多层有机聚合物中间膜,经过特殊的高温预压(或抽真空)及高温高压工艺处理后,使玻璃和中间膜永久粘合为一体的复合玻璃产品。
因此,夹层玻璃具有层叠结构,并且在两片基板玻璃之间可以设置功能层来获得具有不同功能的玻璃组件。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有复合功能的夹层玻璃结构。
按照本发明的一个方面,提供一种层叠结构,包括上层透明基板、下层透明基板,在所述上层透明基板和所述下层透明基板之间,由下至上依次层叠设置有发光层以及调光层和/或光伏层,并设置粘接层以粘接邻接的层。其中,可以设置发光层和调光层,也可以设置发光层和光伏层,或者也可以设置发光层、调光层和光伏层。
其中,所述上层透明基板和下层透明基板优选地为玻璃。
可选地,在上层透明基板的上侧面上进一步设有减反射层、防污层和/或防刮层,这些层可以直接涂覆在上侧透明基板的上侧表面。
其中,所述光伏层可以是薄膜光伏层。薄膜光伏层可具有透光的孔从而能够透过阳光,或者薄膜光伏层本身可以透光。
或者,所述光伏层也可以是单晶或多晶半导体材料光伏结构。该光伏层包括至少一个半导体材料光伏模块,所述光伏模块不透光。该光伏层可覆盖层叠结构组件的部分面积从而能够阳光透过。
对于该层叠结构组件不包括调光层的情况,即在所述上层透明基板和所述下层透明基板之间仅设置光伏层和发光层,光伏层可以覆盖层叠结构的全部面积或者部分面积,从而遮蔽全部或部分光线。
可选地,在所述调光层之上设置第一减红外层。其中,所述第一减红外层构造为具有PET或其他材料的基底的膜。这种情况下,该第一减红外层的下侧通过粘接层与该调光层粘接。
对于该层叠结构包括光伏层的情况,该第一减红外层设在光伏层与调光层之间,其上侧通过粘接层与光伏层粘接。
或者,对于该层叠结构不包括光伏层的情况,第一减红外层可以设在上层透明基板和调光层之间,其可以构造为涂覆在所述上层透明基板下侧表面的减红外材料涂层,或者也可以构造为具有基底的膜,并分别通过粘接层与上层透明基板和调光层粘接。
所述发光层可以是被动发光层,其构造为导光涂层并且涂覆在邻接的粘接层的表面。其中,所述导光涂层可构造为一体形式或构造为由多个部分组成。
或者,所述发光层也可以是主动发光层,构造为透明离散LED阵列结构层或电致发光层。其中,所述发光层构造为一体形式或者构造为由多个可独立控制的部分组成。
可选地,在所述下层透明基板与所述发光层之间设有第二减红外层。
其中,所述第二减红外层可以是红外材料涂层,其直接涂覆在下层透明基板上侧表面。或者,所述第二减红外层也可以是具有PET或其他材料的基底的膜。这种情况下,所述第二减红外层通过粘接层与所述下层透明基板粘接。
其中,所述调光层构造为一体形式或者由多个可独立控制的部分组成。
在有的情况下,上述光伏层、调光层、发光层、第一减红外层或第二减红外层不能完全占据层叠结构的全部面积,由此导致邻近的层之间存在间隙。因此,在不完全填充的层设置热塑性填充材料。
按照本发明又一方面,一种窗组件,包括的上述的层叠结构组件和控制器,所述层叠结构组件分别与所述控制器电气连接,其中,该控制器被配置为根据调光层和/或发光层所需的功率而将所述光伏层产生的功率和/或外部输入功率提供至所述调光层和/或所述发光层。
进一步,所述窗组件还包括外部存储装置,所述控制器被配置为判断所述光伏层产生的功率是否大于所述调光层和/或所述发光层所需的功率,如果判断为是,则提供一部分功率至外部存储装置。
所述调光层和/或所述发光层由多个可独立控制的部分组成,所述控制器被进一步配置为将功率分别提供至所述调光层和/或所述发光层的多个可独立控制的部分。进一步,所述控制器进一步配置为提供可变的功率至所述调光层和/或所述发光层。
发光层是被动发光层,以及窗组件包括设置在所述被动发光层周边的光源,以及所述控制器进一步配置为控制所述光源。
按照本发明又一方面,一种窗组件,包括的上述的层叠结构组件和至少一个接口,该接口被配置为与控制器电气连接,其中,该控制器配置为根据调光层和/或发光层所需的功率而将所述光伏层产生的功率和/或外部输入功率提供至所述调光层和/或所述发光层。
按照本发明又一方面,一种调节窗组件的调光和/或发光功率的方法,所述窗组件包括可选的光伏层、可选的调光层和发光层,所述方法包括:
获取功率;以及下列任一项或多项,提供第一功率至所述调光层;提供第二功率至所述发光层。
获取功率的步骤包括:从所述光伏层获取功率和/或从外部获取功率。比如,当光伏层产生的功率不足时,也就是光伏层不能产生的足够功率以供调光层和/或发光层使用,可以进一步从外部获取额外的功率。
所述调光层由多个可独立控制的部分组成,该方法进一步包括以下一项或任多项:分别地提供第一功率至所述调光层的多个可独立控制的部分;可变地提供第一功率至所述调光层的多个可独立控制的部分。
所述发光层由多个可独立控制的部分组成,该方法进一步包括以下一项或任多项:分别地提供第二功率至所述发光层的多个可独立控制的部分;可变地提供第二功率至所述发光层的多个可独立控制的部分。
按照本发明的又一方面,一种计算机设备,包括存储器、处理器和存储在所述存储器上并可由所述处理器执行的指令,其中所述处理器执行所述指令时实现上述调节窗组件的调光和/或发光功率的方法的步骤。
按照本发明又一方面,一种计算机可读介质,其上存储有可执行指令,其中,所述可执行指令配置为在被执行时使得机器执行上述调节窗组件的调光和/或发光功率的方法的步骤。
本发明的层叠结构能够提供多种功能的组合,并且能够提供各种光影效果,从而满足用户的需求。
附图说明
图1-16分别是本发明的实施例1-16的示意图。
图17是适用于本发明的减反射/防污层的示意图。
图18是适用于本发明的防污/防刮层的示意图。
图19是本发明的方法的过程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图给出本发明的多个实施例。
图1-16分别示出本发明的各种可能的层叠结构组件的具体构造。
在本发明的描述中,术语“上”、“下”是说明书附图中的竖直方向的方位。术语“横向”是指说明书附图中的水平方向。术语“宽度”是指说明书附图中的水平方向的尺寸。术语“面积”是指在说明书附图中的水平方向平面上的面积。
另外,在本发明中,术语“第一”、“第二”等类似术语仅仅是为了便于描述而对相同的技术术语进行区别,并且没有隐含或暗示任何次序和方位。另外,不同实施例、示例方案或所描述的结构中,即便采用相同的上述术语也不表示必然相同的构造。
本发明提供一种层叠结构组件,其包括依次层叠的可选的减反射层/防污层/防刮层、上层透明基板、可选的光伏层、可选的第一减红外层、可选的调光层、发光层、可选的第二减红外层和下层玻璃,其中相邻的层之间通过粘接层相互粘接。
其中,本发明的一个实施例可以包括光伏层、调光层和发光层的组合。本发明的另一实施例可以包括光伏层和发光层的组合。或者,本发明又一实施例包括调光层和发光层的组合。
所述上层和下层透明基板优选为玻璃。其中,上层玻璃优选为透光率较高的玻璃,从而能够透过更多光线。下层玻璃优选为透光率较低的玻璃,从而提供比较柔和的光照环境。或者,本领域技术人员能够理解,所述上层和下层透明基板也可以由其他透明材料制成。
减反射层/防污层/防刮层可以直接涂覆在上层玻璃的上侧表面。减反射层、防污层和防刮层可以是彼此独立的涂层,例如,在上层玻璃的上侧表面涂覆的减反射层、防污层或防刮层。或者,减反射层/防污层/防刮层可以是集合减反、防污和防刮中至少两个功能的涂层。并且在不同的实施例中,可以根据需要来设置。例如,在调光层和发光层的组合中,可以省去减反射层,或者不具备减反射功能的复合涂层。
图17示出一种减反射层的构造,其还具有防污功能。图17所示的减反射层包括设在玻璃基板3的上侧表面的多孔层1和多个设在该多孔层中的颗粒2。其中所述的多孔层1由成孔聚合物制成,其选自PMMA、硝化纤维、乙酸纤维素丁酸酯或聚乙烯醇。所述颗粒2由二氧化硅、二氧化钛、氧化铝或氧化锆制成。图17所述的减反射层可通过商业途径从圣戈班玻璃获得。
图18示出一种防污层的构造,其还具有防刮功能。图18所示的防污层包括设在玻璃基板4的上侧表面的骨架层5,其具有多个开口6。骨架层5由氧化硅、氧化铝或氧化钛制成。开口6可以通过在骨架层设置牺牲颗粒而制得。该牺牲颗粒可以由高分子聚合物制成,如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯或聚苯乙烯。图18所示的防污层可以通过商业途径从圣戈班玻璃获得。
伏层光伏层可以是薄膜光伏层。薄膜光伏层具有透光的孔,以使得光线穿过该薄膜光伏层。这些透光的孔的布置图案可以根据需要进行设置。或者薄膜光伏层本身可以是透光的。薄膜光伏层的例子包括,但不限于,基于非晶硅、碲化镉、铜铟锡或铜铟镓硒的薄膜太阳能电池。
或者,光伏层也可以是基于单晶或多晶半导体材料的光伏模块。本发明中的光伏层包括至少一个单晶体或多晶半导体光伏模块。光伏模块的例子包括,但不限于,基于单晶硅、多晶硅、砷化镓、磷化铟镓或磷化铟的光伏模块。优选地采用单晶硅光伏模块
半导体材料光伏模块通常构造为不透光的片状模块。为了能够透过光线,光伏层构造为覆盖层叠结构组件的部分面积,例如,可以覆盖中间部分或边缘部分,或者可以构造为离散分布的多个模块的阵列。
第一和第二减红外层均可以是基于膜的减红外层,其构造为具有PET或其他材料的基底和设在基底上的减红外材料涂层。例如,可从圣戈班安全玻璃获得的XIR系列或UCSF等产品。可以将具有涂层的一侧表面设置为朝上,或者也可以将具有涂层的一侧表面设置为朝下。
或者,第一和第二减红外层也可以仅仅是减红外材料涂层。例如,可从圣戈班安全玻璃获得的KAPPA系列、CoolCoat、ClimaCoat等产品。
调光层通常构造为具有上、下两个基底的结构形式,因此其基底分别与相邻的粘接层粘接。例如,调光层可以是具有电致变色结构、悬浮颗粒装置、聚合物分散液晶结构或宾主液晶结构的层,或其任意组合。调光层可以构造为一体形式的,也就是形成一个整体的结构,并且整体控制。或者,调光层可以分为多个调光模块,每个调光模块可以单独控制。每个调光模块的具体结构形式可以相同,也可以不同。
发光层可以是主动发光层,其通常构造有上、下两个基底,该两个基底可以分别与相邻的粘接层粘接。
一种形式的主动发光层可以是透明离散LED阵列结构层,其中设有多个LED发光单元。这些LED发光单元的布置可以根据需要确定,例如可以根据需要布置成特定的图案。这些LED发光单元构造为可以整体控制,或者构造为每个发光单元可单独控制,或者构造为多个组,其中每个组可单独控制。LED发光单元也可以构造为发出不同颜色的光,或者每个LED发光单元可以发出多种颜色的光。
或者,另一种形式的主动发光层可以是电致发光结构层,其具有多个子层,如荧光层、介电层和透明导电层等。发光层可以构造为具有一体形式的电致发光层,也就是发光层为一个整体,并且整体控制。或者,发光层构造为包括多个分离的电致发光结构模块从而能够分别独立控制每个模块。
发光层也可以是被动发光层,其为直接涂覆在邻接的粘接层表面的导光涂层。导光涂层不完全覆盖粘接层的表面,因此设有导光涂层的粘接层表面仍然可起到粘接作用。优选地,导光涂层设置在邻接的粘接层的下侧表面。
通常导光涂层是将外部的光源的光进行传导。在本发明中,导光涂层可以构造为传导多个光源的光,或者传导不同颜色的光。导光涂层可以构造为一体形式或者由多个部分组成。另外,被动发光层可以设置为所需的布局,例如,特定的形状等。一体形式的导光涂层为一个整体结构,其可以传导多个不同光源的光线。由多个部分组成的导光涂层可以分别传导光线。
另外,上层透明基板和下层透明基板之间的各层的面积通常较小,因此,中间各层在边缘部分可能形成间隙。例如,调光层、发光层或基于膜的减红外层的宽度和/或长度小于上层和下层玻璃,从而在边缘部分形成间隙。可以在所形成间隙中设置热塑性填充材料,例如PVB,从而保持尺寸一致,并且可以起到密封边缘的作用。另外,光伏层中晶体硅模块未占据的部分也可以使用热塑性材料填充,如PVB。
另外,各粘接层优选采用PVB材料,也可以采用EVA、TPO或POE。PVB能够隔绝紫外线,优选地,本发明中采用的PVB材料可以隔绝10-400nm范围的紫外光线。
下面结合附图具体描述本发明的层叠结构组件的各种具体构造形式。在下面的实施例中,未特别指明的情况下,各层可以采用如前所述的具体结构形式。
图1-4示出第一组实施例,分别对应实施例1-4。在第一组的各个实施例中,层叠结构组件均包括自上而下布置的减反射层/防污层/防刮层、上层玻璃、光伏层、第一减红外层、调光层、发光层、第二减红外层和下层玻璃。
其中,光伏层与上层玻璃粘接。第一减红外层与光伏层粘接。在实施例1-4中,第一减红外层是基于膜的减红外层。调光层与第一减红外层粘接。发光层与调光层粘接。在实施例1-4中,发光层和第二减红外层的具体结构形可以变化。
在下面对实施例1-4的描述中,仅描述发光层和第二减红外层所采用的具体结构形式,以及由此所得到的层叠结构组件的具体结构形式。其余未具体描述的层的结构和材料可以是相同,或者在可在相同的范围内选择。
实施例1
如图1所示,一种层叠结构组件100,包括自上而下层叠的减反射层/防污层/防刮层102、上层玻璃104、第一粘接层106、光伏层108、第二粘接层110、PET基减红外层112、第五粘接层114、调光层116、第三粘接层118、主动发光层120、第四粘接层126、减红外材料涂层122和下层玻璃124。
在这个实施例中,发光层为主动发光层120,其上侧通过第三粘接层118与调光层116粘接,下侧与第四粘接层126粘接。
在这个实施例中,第二减红外层为减红外材料涂层122,其涂覆在下层玻璃124的上侧表面,并连同下层玻璃124与第四粘接层126的下侧表面粘接。
实施例2
如图2所示,一种层叠结构组件200,包括自上而下层叠的减反射层/防污层/防刮层202、上层玻璃204、第一粘接层206、光伏层208、第二粘接层210、PET基减红外层212、第五粘接层214、调光层216、第三粘接层218、主动发光层220、第四粘接层226、PET基减红外层222、第六粘接层228和下层玻璃224。
在这个实施例中,发光层为主动发光层220,其上侧通过第三粘接层218与调光层216粘接,其下侧与第四粘接层226粘接。
在这个实施例中,第二减红外层为PET基减红外层222,其上侧与第四粘接层226粘接,而其下侧可通过第六粘接层228与下层玻璃224粘接。
实施例3
图3示出一种层叠结构组件300,由上至下依次层叠设置减反射层/防污层/防刮层302、上层玻璃304、第一粘接层306、光伏层308、第二粘接层310、PET基减红外层312、第五粘接层314、调光层316、第三粘接层318、被动发光层320、减红外材料涂层322和下层玻璃324。
在这个实施例中,发光层为被动发光层320,其可以是直接涂覆在位于其上侧的第三粘接层上318的导光涂层。在这个实施例中,导光涂层设置在第三粘接层318的下侧表面。
在这个实施例中,第二减红外层为减红外材料涂层322,其涂覆在下层玻璃324的上侧表面,并连同下层玻璃324与第三粘接层318的下侧表面粘接。
实施例4
如图4所示,一种层叠结构组件400,包括由上而下层叠的减反射层/防污层/防刮层402、上层玻璃404、第一粘接层406、光伏层408、第二粘接层410、PET基减红外层412、第五粘接层414、调光层416、第三粘接层418、被动发光层420、PET基减红外层422、第六粘接层428和下层玻璃424。
在这个实施例中,发光层为被动发光层420,其可以是直接涂覆在位于其上侧的第三粘接层上418的下侧表面上的导光涂层。
在这个实施例中,第二减红外层为PET基减红外层422,其上侧与第三粘接层418粘接,其下侧可通过第六粘接层428与下层玻璃424粘接。
图5-8示出第二组实施例,分别对应实施例5-8。在第二组的各个实施例中,层叠结构组件均包括自上而下设置的减反射层/防污层/防刮层、上层玻璃、光伏层、发光层、减红外层和下层玻璃。
其中,光伏层与上层玻璃粘接。发光层与光伏层粘接。在实施例5-8中,减红外层可以认为与第二减红外层对应。另外发光层和减红外层的具体结构形式可以变化。
在下面针对实施例5-8的描述中,仅描述发光层和减红外层所采用的具体结构形式,以及由此所得到的层叠结构组件的具体结构形式。其余未具体描述的层的结构和材料可以是相同,或者在可在相同的范围内选择。
实施例5
如图5所示,层叠结构组件500包括由上而下层叠的减反射层/防污层/防刮层502、上层玻璃504、第一粘接层506、光伏层508、第二粘接层510、主动发光层512、第三粘接层518、减红外材料涂层514和下层玻璃516。
在这个实施例中,发光层为主动发光层512,其上侧通过第二粘接层510与光伏层508粘接,其下侧与第三粘接层518粘接。
在这个实施例中,减红外层为减红外材料涂层514,其直接涂覆在下层玻璃516的上侧表面,并连同下层玻璃516与第三粘接层518的下侧表面粘接。
实施例6
如图6所示,层叠结构组件600包括由上而下层叠的减反射层/防污层/防刮层602、上层玻璃604、第一粘接层606、光伏层608、第二粘接层610、主动发光层612、第三粘接层618、PET基减红外层614、第四粘接层620和下层玻璃616。
这个实施例中,发光层为主动发光层612,其上侧通过第二粘接层610与光伏层608粘接,其下侧通过第三粘接层618与减红外层粘接。
在这个实施例中,减红外层为PET基减红外层614,其通过第四粘接层620与下层玻璃616粘接。
实施例7
如图7所示,层叠结构组件700包括自上而下层叠设置的减反射层/防污层/防刮层702、上层玻璃704、第一粘接层706、光伏层708、第二粘接层710、被动发光层712、减红外材料涂层714和下层玻璃716。
在这个实施例中,发光层为被动发光层712,其可以是直接涂覆在位于其上侧的第二粘接层710的下侧表面上的导光涂层。
在这个实施例中,减红外层为减红外材料涂层714,其涂覆在下层玻璃716的上侧表面,并连同下层玻璃716与第二粘接层710的下侧表面粘接。
实施例8
如图8所示,层叠结构组件800包括自上而下层叠设置的减反射层/防污层/防刮层802、上层玻璃804、第一粘接层806、光伏层808、第二粘接层810、被动发光层812、PET基减红外层814、第四粘接层820和下层玻璃816。
在这个实施例中,发光层为被动发光层812,其可以是直接涂覆在位于其上侧的第二粘接层810的下侧表面上的导光涂层。
在这个实施例中,减红外层为PET减红外层814,其上侧与第二粘接层810粘接,其下侧可通过第四粘接层820与下层玻璃816粘接。
图9-16示出本发明第三组实施例,分别对应实施例9-16。在第三组实施例中,层叠结构组件均包括自上而下层叠设置的防污层/防刮层、上层玻璃、第一减红外层、调光层、发光层、第二减红外层和下层玻璃,设置多个粘接层以粘接相邻的层。
在下面对实施例9-16的描述中,仅描述发光层、第一和第二减红外层所采用的具体结构形式,以及由此所得到的层叠结构组件的具体结构形式。其余未具体描述的层的结构和材料可以是相同,或者在可在相同的范围内选择。
实施例9
如图9所示,层叠结构组件900包括自上而下层叠设置的防污层/防刮层902、上层玻璃904、第一粘接层906、PET基减红外层908、第四粘接层922、调光层910、第二粘接层912、主动发光层914、第三粘接层920、减红外材料涂层916和下层玻璃918。
在这个实施例中,第一减红外层为PET基减红外层908,其可通过第一粘接层906与上侧玻璃904粘接,并通过第四粘接层922与调光层910粘接。
在这个实施例中,发光层为主动发光层914,其上侧通过第二粘接层912与调光层910粘接,其下侧与第三粘接层920粘接。
第二减红外层构造为减红外材料涂层916,其直接涂覆在下层玻璃918的上侧表面,并连同下层玻璃918与第三粘接层920的下侧表面粘接。
实施例10
如图10所示,层叠结构组件1000包括自上而下层叠设置的防污层/防刮层1002、上层玻璃1004、第一粘接层1006、PET基减红外层1008、第四粘接层1022、调光层1010、第二粘接层1012、主动发光层1014、第三粘接层1020、PET基减红外层1016、第五粘接层1024和下层玻璃1018。
在这个实施例中,该第一减红外层为PET减红外层1008,其上侧可通过第一粘接层1006与上层玻璃1004粘接,其下侧通过第四粘接层1022与调光层1010粘接。
在这个实施例中,该发光层为主动发光层1014,其上侧通过第二粘接层1012与调光层1010粘接,而其下侧通过第三粘接层1020与第二减红外层粘接。
在这个实施例中,第二减红外层为PET基减红外层1016,其下侧可通过第五粘接层1024与下层玻璃1018粘接。
实施例11
如图11所示,在这个实施例中,层叠结构组件1100包括自上而下层叠的防污层/防刮层1102、上层玻璃1104、减红外材料涂层1108、第一粘接层1106、调光层1110、第二粘接层1112、主动发光层1114、第三粘接层1120、PET基减红外层1116、第五粘接层1124和下层玻璃1118。
在这个实施例中,第一减红外层为减红外材料涂层1108,其直接涂覆在上层玻璃1104的下侧表面,并连同上层玻璃1104与第一粘接层1106的上侧表面粘接。
在这个实施例中,发光层为主动发光层1114,其上侧通过第二粘接层1112与调光层1110粘接,而其下侧通过第三粘接层1120与第二减红外层粘接。
在这个实施例中,第二减红外层为PET基减红外层1118,其下侧可通过第五粘接层1124与下层玻璃1118粘接。
实施例12
如图12所示,层叠结构组件1200,包括防污层/防刮层1202、上层玻璃1204、减红外材料涂层1208、第一粘接层1206、调光层1210、第二粘接层1212、主动发光层1214、第三粘接层1220、减红外材料涂层1216和下层玻璃1218。
在这个实施例中,第一减红外层为减红外材料涂层1208,其直接涂覆在上层玻璃1204的下侧表面,并连同上层玻璃1204与第一粘接层1206的上侧表面粘接。
在这个实施例中,发光层为主动发光层1214,其上侧通过第二粘接层1212与调光层1210粘接,而其下侧粘接第三粘接层1220。
在这个实施例中,第二减红外层为减红外材料涂层1216,其直接涂覆在下层玻璃1218的上侧表面,并连同下层玻璃1218与第三粘接层1220的下侧表面粘接。
实施例13
如图13所示,层叠结构组件1300,包括防污层/防刮层1302、上层玻璃1304、第一粘接层1306、PET基减红外层1308、第四粘接层1322、调光层1310、第二粘接层1312、被动发光层1314、减红外材料涂层1316和下层玻璃1318。
在这个实施例中,第一减红外层为PET基减红外层1308,其上侧通过第一粘接层1306与上层玻璃1304粘接,其下侧通过第四粘结层1322与调光层1310粘接。
在这个实施例中,发光层为被动发光层1314,其可以是直接涂覆在位于其上侧的第二粘接层1312的下侧表面的导光涂层。
在这个实施例中,第二减红外层为减红外材料涂层1316,其直接涂覆在下层玻璃1318的上侧表面,并连同下层玻璃1318与第二粘接层1312的下侧表面粘接。
实施例14
如图14所示,层叠结构组件1400,包括防污层/防刮层1402、上层玻璃1404、第一粘接层1406、PET基减红外层1408、第四粘接层1422、调光层1410、第二粘接层1412、被动发光层1414、PET基减红外层1416、第五粘接层1424和下层玻璃1418。
在这个实施例中,第一减红外层为PET基减红外层1408,其上侧可通过第一粘接层1406与上层玻璃1404粘接,其下侧可通过第四粘接层1422与调光层1410粘接。
在这个实施例中,发光层为被动发光层1414,其是直接涂覆在位于其上侧的第二粘接层1412的下侧表面的导光涂层。
在这个实施例中,第二减红外层为PET基减红外层1416,其上侧可与第二粘接层1412粘接,而其可下侧通过第五粘接层1424与下层玻璃1418粘接。
实施例15
如图15所示,层叠结构组件1500,包括防污层/防刮层1502、上层玻璃1504、减红外材料涂层1508、第一粘接层1506、调光层1510、第二粘接层1512、被动发光层1514、PET基减红外层1516、第五粘接层1524和下层玻璃1518。
在这个实施例中,第一减红外层为减红外材料涂层1508,其直接涂覆在上层玻璃1504的下侧表面,并连同上层玻璃1504与第一粘接层1506的上侧表面粘接。
在这个实施例中,发光层为被动发光层1514,其可以是涂覆在位于其上侧的第二粘接层1512的下侧表面的导光涂层。
在这个实施例中,第二减红外层为PET基减红外层1516,其上侧可与第二粘接层1512粘接,而其下侧可通过第五粘接层1524与下层玻璃1518粘接。
实施例16
如图16所示,层叠结构组件1600,包括防污层/防刮层1602、上层玻璃1604、减红外材料涂层1608、第一粘接层1606、调光层1610、第二粘接层1612、被动发光层1614、减红外材料涂层1616和下层玻璃1618。
在这个实施例中,第一减红外层为减红外材料涂层1608,其直接涂覆在上层玻璃1604的下侧表面,并连同上层玻璃1604与第一粘接层1606粘接。
在这个实施例中,发光层为被动发光层1614,其可以是涂覆在位于其上侧的第二粘接层1612的下侧表面的导光涂层。
在这个实施例中,第二减红外层为减红外材料涂层1616,其涂覆在下层玻璃1618的上侧表面,并连同下层玻璃1618与第二粘接层1612的下侧表面粘接。
在本发明中,光伏层、调光层和发光层的组合可以根据需要提供不同的光影模式和效果。
例如,光伏层遮挡部分阳光,而透过的光则根据光伏层的布置而形成图案。比如,薄膜光伏层的透光孔可以排列为圆形、矩形或其他图形,透光孔的形状不限于圆形,也可以各种规则或不规则的多边形。又如,晶体硅光伏层中,晶体硅光伏模块布置在中间,则光线从边缘部分透过,或晶体硅光伏模块布置在边缘部分,则光线从中间部分透过,又或,晶体硅光伏模块构造为阵列布置,则透过的光线呈现格栅图案。
调光层可以调节光线的明暗,并通过控制全部或部分调光层而实现整体或局部的明暗和/或颜色变化,从而获得各种光影效果。例如,电致变色调光层可以调节光线明暗,液晶调光层可以调节光线明暗和颜色,等。
主动发光层可以控制以与光伏层和/或调节层透过的光配合,从而提供不同的光影效果。例如,使被光伏层遮蔽的部分发光以补充光线强度,或使对应光伏层透光的部分发光以增强光线的明暗对比,又或在被调光层调节变暗的背景环境中,使局部发光从而实现特定效果,例如,星空效果。
被动发光层可以构造为传导从光伏层透过的光并产生所需的光照效果。例如,导光涂层可以构造为将从边缘部分透过的光传导至中间部分,或者将从中间部分透过的光传导至边缘部分,从而实现更均匀的光照效果。又如,导光涂层可以根据需要构造为各种不同的图案,从而形成具有图案的光照效果。
被动发光层还可以传导额外的外部光源发出的光线,例如设置在导光涂层周边的LED光源。可以通过控制这些LED光源从而实现不同的光照效果。
本发明的层叠结构由此能够实现功能性和光学以及视觉效果的协调。
本发明进一步的实施例提供一种窗组件,其包括上述实施例1-16中任一个所描述的层叠结构组件和至少一个接口,该接口配置为与控制器电气连接,其中,该控制器配置为根据调光层和/或发光层所需的功率而将所述光伏层产生的功率和/或外部输入功率提供至所述调光层和/或所述发光层。
本发明进一步的实施例提供一种窗组件,其包括上述实施例1-16中任一个所描述的层叠结构组件和控制器,所述层叠结构组件的层分别与所述控制器电气连接,其中,该控制器被配置为根据调光层和/或发光层所需的功率而将所述光伏层产生的功率和/或外部输入功率提供至所述调光层和/或所述发光层。
控制器配置为根据调光层和/或发光层所需的功率,将光伏层产生的功率提供至调光层和/或发光层,或者将从外部存储装置输入的功率提供至调光层和/或发光层。也就是,当光伏层产生的功率满足调光层和/或发光层的需要,则仅提供光伏层产生的功率,而当光伏层产生的功率无法满足调光层和/或发光层的需要,则不仅提供光伏层产生的功率,还从外部存储装置获取额外的功率并提供给调光层和/或发光层。控制器还配置为当光伏层产生的功率不能被调光层和/或发光层完全消耗时,则将光伏层产生的富余功率提供到外部存储装置。
如前所述,调光层和/或所述发光层可以由多个可独立控制的部分组成,控制器进一步配置为将功率分别提供至调光层和/或发光层的可以独立控制的部分。
例如,可以将功率提供至调光层的所有可独立控制的部分,从而使整个调光层运行。或者,将功率仅提供至调光层的一些可独立控制的部分而非全部,这样调光层的部分区域运行。
例如,可以将功率提供至发光层的所有可独立控制部分,从而使得整个发光层运行,也就是全部发光单元都发光。或者,将功率仅提供至发光层的一些可独立控制的部分而非全部,这样,使得发光层部分运行,也就是仅部分发光单元发光,而另一部分发光单元不发光。
控制器进一步配置为提供可变的功率至调光层和/或发光层。在一个例子中,将一致可变的功率提供至整个调光层,从而实现整体光线明暗的变化。或者,在另一个例子中,将各自可变的功率分别提供至调光层可独立控制部分,从而实现光线明暗的不同分布。
同样的,可以将可变的功率提供到整个发光层,从而实现光线整体变化。或者,将可变的功率分别提供至发光层的可独立控制的部分,从而实现光线明暗的不同分布。
在一个例子中,窗组件中的发光层可以是被动发光层,并且可以进一步包括设置在被动发光层周边的光源,并且控制器进一步配置控制所述周边光源从而获得所需的光照效果。例如,开闭部分光源或者控制光源的亮度。被动发光层可以传导该光源发出的光线。
控制器的功能可以通过硬件电路实现,也可以通过硬件电路与可执行指令结合的方式实现。例如,控制器可以包括微控制单元和存储器的组合,微控制单元执行存储器中的可执行指令并控制执行元件从而实现控制器的功能。控制器还可以构造为其他能够执行控制指令的设备,例如可编程门电路、微型计算机等。
或者,控制器可以实现为硬件电路,例如,可通过绝缘栅双极型晶体管来调节光伏层所产生的功率和来自外部存储装置的功率,通过外部传感器发出的电信号通过例如继电器的开关元件或者其他调节元件控制提供给调光层和/或发光层的功率。控制器中的电气器件可以利用从商业途径获得。
参照图19,按照本发明的另一个实施例,还提供一种调节的窗组件的调光和/或发光功率的方法,该窗组件可以是如实施例1-16中任一个所描述的,包括具有可选的光伏层、可选的调光层和发光层的层叠结构。
该方法包括:如步骤10,从光伏层获取功率;如步骤20,判断光伏层产生的功率是否足够,当功率足够时,将功率提供至调光层和/或发光层,如果功率不足时,则如步骤30,从外部获取额外的功率,进而如步骤40,将获取的功率提供至调光层和/或发光层。
将获取的功率提供至调光层和/或发光层的步骤,进一步包括:将第一功率提供至调光层,和/或,将第二功率提供至发光层。
进一步,将第一功率提供至调光层的步骤包括:分别地提供第一功率至所述调光层的多个可独立控制的部分;和/或,可变地提供第一功率至所述调光层的多个可独立控制的部分。
进一步,将第二功率提供至调光层的步骤包括分别地提供第二功率至所述发光层的多个可独立控制的部分;和/或,可变地提供第二功率至所述发光层的多个可独立控制的部分。
该方法进一步包括:当光伏层产生的功率富余时,将产生的富余功率提供到外部存储装置。
需要注意的是,该方法中的上述步骤没有顺序限制。例如,从光伏层获取的功率可以直接分配并发送到调光层和/或发光层,在需要增加提供至调光层和/或发光层的功率时,再判断光伏层产生的功率是否足够。或者,在向调光层和/或发光层提供功率之前判断,光伏层所产生的功率是否足够,比如,光伏层的额定功率是否小于调光层和/或发光层的所需功率,从而在分配功率之前从外部获取额外的功率,例如从蓄电池或外接市电获取功率。向调光层和/或发光层提供功率可以同时进行,也可以先后进行,取决于具体的应用环境和所需的光影效果。
在该方法的另一个例子中,其中所述的窗结构仅包括调光层和发光层,可以直接从外部获取功率,其他的步骤与该方法的前一例子相同。
按照本发明又一个实施例,一种计算设备,包括存储器、处理器和存储在所述存储器上并可由所述处理器执行的指令,其中所述处理器执行所述指令时实现上述调节窗组件的调光和/或发光功率的方法的步骤。
所述的计算设备可以是诸如计算机、智能手机之类的具有计算能力的设备。例如,可以为硬件或专用电路、软件、固件、逻辑,或其任何组合。在一些实施例中,存储器可以是便携式计算机磁盘、硬盘、随机存储存取器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(EPROM或闪存)、光存储设备、磁存储设备,云存储器或其任意合适的组合。处理器可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或其它可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑、分立硬件组件等的任意组合。通用处理器可以是微处理器,或者,处理器也可以是任何普通的处理器、控制器、微控制器或者状态机。处理器也可以实现为多个计算设备的组合,例如,DSP和微处理器的组合、多个微处理器、一个或多个微处理器与DSP内核的结合,或者任何其它此种结构。
按照又一个实施例,一种计算机可读介质,其上存储有可执行指令,其中,所述可执行指令配置为在被执行时使得机器执行上述调节窗组件的调光和/或发光功率的方法的步骤。
计算机可读存储介质可以是可以保持和存储由指令执行设备使用的指令的有形设备。计算机可读存储介质例如可以是――但不限于――电存储设备、磁存储设备、光存储设备、电磁存储设备、半导体存储设备或者上述的任意合适的组合。计算机可读存储介质的更具体的例子(非穷举的列表)包括:便携式计算机盘、硬盘、随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、可擦式可编程只读存储器(EPROM或闪存)、静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)、便携式压缩盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、数字多功能盘(DVD)、记忆棒、软盘、机械编码设备、例如其上存储有指令的打孔卡或凹槽内凸起结构、以及上述的任意合适的组合。这里所使用的计算机可读存储介质不被解释为瞬时信号本身,诸如无线电波或者其他自由传播的电磁波、通过波导或其他传输媒介传播的电磁波(例如,通过光纤电缆的光脉冲)、或者通过电线传输的电信号。
这里所描述的计算机可读程序指令可以从计算机可读存储介质下载到各个计算/处理设备,或者通过网络、例如因特网、局域网、广域网和/或无线网下载到外部计算机或外部存储设备。网络可以包括铜传输电缆、光纤传输、无线传输、路由器、防火墙、交换机、网关计算机和/或边缘服务器。每个计算/处理设备中的网络适配卡或者网络接口从网络接收计算机可读程序指令,并转发该计算机可读程序指令,以供存储在各个计算/处理设备中的计算机可读存储介质中。
用于执行本公开操作的计算机程序指令可以是汇编指令、指令集架构(ISA)指令、机器指令、机器相关指令、微代码、固件指令、状态设置数据、或者以一种或多种编程语言的任意组合编写的源代码或目标代码,所述编程语言包括面向对象的编程语言—诸如Smalltalk、Python、C++等,以及常规的过程式编程语言—诸如“C”语言或类似的编程语言。计算机可读程序指令可以完全地在用户计算机上执行、部分地在用户计算机上执行、作为一个独立的软件包执行、部分在用户计算机上部分在远程计算机上执行、或者完全在远程计算机或服务器上执行。在涉及远程计算机的情形中,远程计算机可以通过任意种类的网络—包括局域网(LAN)或广域网(WAN)—连接到用户计算机,或者,可以连接到外部计算机(例如利用因特网服务提供商来通过因特网连接)。在一些实施例中,通过利用计算机可读程序指令的状态信息来个性化定制电子电路,例如可编程逻辑电路、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或可编程逻辑阵列(PLA),该电子电路可以执行计算机可读程序指令。
在上面的描述中,阐述了本发明的技术方案的细节,然而,本领域技术人员能够了解,本发明不限于上述实施例所列出的具体细节,而是可以在权利要求所限定的范围内变化。

Claims (25)

1.一种层叠结构组件,包括上层透明基板、下层透明基板,其特征在于,在所述上层透明基板和所述下层透明基板之间,由下至上依次层叠设置有发光层以及调光层和/或光伏层,并设置粘接层以粘接邻接的层。
2.如权利要求1所述的层叠结构组件,其特征在于,在所述上层透明基板的上侧面设有减反射层、防污层和/或防刮层。
3.如权利要求1所述的层叠结构组件,其特征在于,所述光伏层构造为透光的薄膜光伏层。
4.如权利要求1所述的层叠结构组件,其特征在于,所述光伏层构造为包括至少一个单晶或多晶半导体光伏模块,其中所述光伏层构造为覆盖所述层叠结构组件的部分面积。
5.如权利要求1所述的层叠结构组件,其特征在于,在所述上层透明基板和所述下层透明基板之间设置光伏层和发光层,其中所述光伏层构造为覆盖所述层叠结构组件的部分或全部面积。
6.如权利要求1所述的层叠结构组件,其特征在于,在所述调光层之上设有第一减红外层,所述第一减红外层构造为具有基底的膜,并与所述调光层粘接。
7.如权利要求1所述的层叠结构组件,其特征在于,在所述上层透明基板和所述下层透明基板之间设置调光层和发光层,其中在所述上层透明基板与所述调光层之间设有第一减红外层,所述第一减红外层构造为涂覆在所述上层透明基板下侧表面的减红外材料涂层,或者所述第一减红外层构造为具有基底的膜,并分别与所述上层透明基板和所述调光层粘接。
8.如权利要求1所述层叠结构组件,其特征在于,所述发光层构造为导光涂层,其涂覆在邻接的粘接层的表面,其中所述导光涂层构造为一体形式或构造为由多个部分组成。
9.如权利要求1所述的层叠结构组件,其特征在于,所述发光层构造为透明离散LED阵列结构层或电致发光层,其中所述发光层构造为一体形式或者构造为由多个可独立控制的部分组成。
10.如权利要求1所述的层叠结构组件,其特征在于,在所述下层透明基板与所述发光层之间设有第二减红外层。
11.如权利要求10所述的层叠结构组件,其特征在于,所述第二减红外层构造为涂覆在下层透明基板上侧表面的减红外材料涂层;或者,所述第二减红外层构造为具有基底的膜,并与所述下层透明基板层粘接。
12.如权利要求10所述的层叠结构组件,其特征在于,所述调光层构造为一体形式或者由多个可独立控制的部分组成。
13.如权利要求1-12任一项所述的层叠结构组件,其特征在于,在不完全填充的发光层、调光层、光伏层、第一减红外层或者第二减红外层设有热塑性填充材料。
14.一种窗组件,其特征在于,包括如权利要求1-13任一项所述的层叠结构组件和控制器,所述层叠结构组件分别与所述控制器电气连接,其中,所述控制器被配置为根据所述调光层和/或所述发光层所需的功率而将所述光伏层产生的功率和/或外部输入功率提供至所述调光层和/或所述发光层。
15.如权利要求14所述的窗组件,其特征在于,还包括外部存储装置,所述控制器被进一步配置为判断所述光伏层产生的功率是否大于所述调光层和/或所述发光层所需的功率,如果判断结果为是,则提供一部分功率至外部存储装置。
16.如权利要求14所述的窗组件,其特征在于,所述调光层和/或所述发光层由多个可独立控制的部分组成,所述控制器被进一步配置为将功率分别提供至所述调光层和/或所述发光层的多个可独立控制的部分。
17.如权利要求14所述的窗组件,其特征在于,所述控制器进一步配置为提供可变的功率至所述调光层和/或所述发光层。
18.如权利要求14所述的窗组件,其特征在于,所述发光层是被动发光层以及设置在所述被动发光层周边的光源,以及所述控制器进一步配置为控制所述光源。
19.一种窗组件,其特征在于,包括如权利要求1-13任一项所述的层叠结构组件和至少一个接口,所述接口被配置为与控制器电气连接,其中,所述控制器被配置为根据所述调光层和/或所述发光层所需的功率而将所述光伏层产生的功率和/或外部输入功率提供至所述调光层和/或所述发光层。
20.一种调节窗组件的调光和/或发光功率的方法,所述窗组件包括可选的光伏层、可选的调光层和发光层,其特征在于,所述方法包括:获取功率;以及下列任一项或任多项:
提供第一功率至所述调光层;
提供第二功率至所述发光层。
21.如权利要求20所述的调节窗组件的调光和/或发光功率的方法,其特征在于,所述获取功率包括:从所述光伏层获取功率和/或从外部获取功率。
22.如权利要求20所述调节窗组件的调光和/或发光功率的方法,其特征在于,所述调光层由多个可独立控制的部分组成,该方法进一步包括以下一项或任多项:
分别地提供第一功率至所述调光层的多个可独立控制的部分;
可变地提供第一功率至所述调光层的多个可独立控制的部分。
23.如权利要求20所述调节窗组件的调光和/或发光功率的方法,其特征在于,所述发光层由多个可独立控制的部分组成,该方法进一步包括以下一项或任多项:
分别地提供第二功率至所述发光层的多个可独立控制的部分;
可变地提供第二功率至所述发光层的多个可独立控制的部分。
24.一种计算机设备,包括存储器、处理器和存储在所述存储器上并可由所述处理器执行的指令,其中所述处理器执行所述指令时实现权利要求20-23任一项所述方法的步骤。
25.一种计算机可读介质,其上存储有可执行指令,其中,所述可执行指令配置为在被执行时使得机器执行权利要求20-23任一项所述方法的步骤。
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