CN112767882B - 一种有源矩阵有机发光二极管像素补偿电路及其驱动方法 - Google Patents
一种有源矩阵有机发光二极管像素补偿电路及其驱动方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种有源矩阵有机发光二极管像素补偿电路及其驱动方法,该有源矩阵有机发光二级管像素补偿电路包括第一开关晶体管(T1)、第二开关晶体管(T2)、第三开关晶体管(T3)、驱动管(T4)、存储电容器(Cst)、有机发光二极管(OLED)、重置控制线(Vset)、发光控制线(Vem)、扫描控制线(Vscan)、基准/数据复用线(Vref/Vdata)。驱动方法包括重置阶段、补偿阶段和发光阶段,其中,补偿阶段既实现对驱动管T4阈值电压漂移的补偿,也实现数据信号的写入。本发明具有开口率高、补偿范围广(能够补偿阈值电压正向和负向漂移)以及补偿有机发光二级管工作电压(Voled)退化问题等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及显示像素电路领域,尤其涉及一种有源矩阵有机发光二极管(Active-Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode,AMOLED)像素补偿电路及其驱动方法。
背景技术
平板显示(Flat Panel Display,FPD)作为一种人机交互的界面,当前被广泛应用在各类电子产品中。有源矩阵有机发光二极管被认为是下一代的主流显示技术,具有自主发光、视角宽、均匀性好、亮度高、对比度高、功耗低、工作温度范围宽(在-40℃仍可工作)及利于柔性显示等优点,因此,受到广泛关注和研究。传统的有源矩阵有机发光二极管像素电路由两个薄膜晶体管(2T,T表示Transistor)和一个存储电容器(1C,C表示Capacitor)以及有机发光二极管(OLED)构成,也被称为2T1C像素电路。其中,一个晶体管作为开关管,用于控制数据信号的写入;另外一个晶体管则作为驱动管,为有机发光二级管OLED提供稳定的驱动电流。然而在实际应用中,长时间加载在薄膜晶体管上的电压偏置所产生的电应力以及光照等都会引起薄膜晶体管的阈值电压漂移。这会导致驱动管不再能够给有机发光二级管OLED提供稳定的恒流偏置,进而影响显示画面的稳定性。因为传统的2T1C像素电路不具有针对晶体管阈值电压漂移的补偿功能,满足不了高品质显示的需要,所以人们持续探索和开发能够补偿驱动晶体管阈值电压漂移的像素补偿电路。现有的像素补偿电路通常包含多个电容器,考虑到电容器往往占据像素补偿电路面积的主要部分,这会减小像素的开口率,限制其在大尺寸显示的应用。此外,现有的像素补偿电路很少能够补偿晶体管阈值电压负向漂移,这导致现有像素补偿电路存在阈值电压补偿范围窄的问题。
除了晶体管的阈值电压漂移问题以外,有机发光二级管OLED的电学参数退化(特别是其工作电压Voled的增加)也会引起显示亮度的不均匀性,进而影响显示品质。因此,像素补偿电路的设计也应当考虑有机发光二级管OLED的电学参数退化问题。
双栅薄膜晶体管拥具有两个栅极,分别为顶栅和底栅。其中,底栅通常作为晶体管的驱动电极,而顶栅可用于晶体管阈值电压的调控。利用双栅晶体管的以上特点,一些基于双栅薄膜晶体管构建的像素补偿电路也被提出。但是这些电路大多包含两个电容器,这不利于像素开口率的提高,并且这些电路不具有针对有机发光二级管OLED退化的补偿功能。
发明内容
技术问题:为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种有源矩阵有机发光二极管像素补偿电路及其驱动方法,可实现对晶体管阈值电压正向和负向漂移的补偿,因此具有补偿范围宽的特点。此外该像素补偿电路还可实现对有机发光二级管OLED工作电压退化问题的补偿。再者,本发明的有源矩阵有机发光二极管像素补偿电路呈4T1C结构,具有开口率高的优点。
技术方案:为实现上述目的,本发明的一种有源矩阵有机发光二极管像素补偿电路采用的技术方案是:
该有源矩阵有机发光二极管像素补偿电路包括第一开关晶体管、第二开关晶体管、第三开关晶体管、驱动管、存储电容器、有机发光二极管、重置控制线、发光控制线、扫描控制线、基准/数据复用线;其中,所述第一开关晶体管的漏极连接电源线,栅极接重置控制线,源极连接驱动管的漏级;所述第二开关晶体管的漏级连接电源线,栅极连接发光控制线,源级连接有机发光二极管的阳极;所述第三晶体管的漏级连接驱动管的漏级和有机发光二极管的阴极,栅极连接扫描控制线,源级连接驱动管的顶栅和存储电容器的B端;所述驱动管的漏极连接有机发光二极管的阴极和第一开关晶体管的源级,底栅连接基准/数据复用线和存储电容器的A端,顶栅连接存储电容器的B端,源级连接地线。
其中,
所述驱动管为N型的双栅薄膜晶体管,其底栅用于驱动有机发光二极管,顶栅用于调控晶体管阈值电压。
所述驱动管的顶栅对于晶体管阈值电压的调控系数记作k,则有
其中,ΔVtg表示施加在所述驱动管顶栅上的电压变化量,ΔVth表示由ΔVtg引起的驱动管的阈值电压变化量;所述调控系数k近似于驱动管的顶栅介质层电容和底栅介质层电容之比,可通过改变顶栅/底栅介质层厚度、有源层厚度进行调节。
所述驱动管的阈值电压Vth如式(2)所示:
Vth=Vth0+kVtg (2)
其中,Vth0为所述驱动管顶栅上施加电压为0V时对应的阈值电压,Vth为所述驱动管顶栅上施加电压为Vtg时对应的阈值电压。
所述基准/数据复用线,在重置阶段和发光阶段时,为基准信号Ref=0V;在补偿阶段时,该基准/数据复用线为数据信号。
本发明的有源矩阵有机发光二极管像素补偿电路的驱动方法包括下列步骤:
步骤1.重置阶段:重置控制线设为高电平,发光控制线设为低电平,电源线电压为VDD,扫描控制线设为高电平,基准/数据复用线此时为基准信号Ref=0V;电源线通过第一开关晶体管、第三开关晶体管对存储电容器的B端充电;
步骤2.补偿阶段:发光控制线维持为低电平,重置控制线变为低电平,基准/数据复用线此时为数据信号,扫描控制线置高电平;在该阶段,驱动管的底栅电压Vbg由基准信号Ref=0V变为数据信号Data,由于存储电容器的电容耦合作用,驱动管的顶栅电压将会变为VDD+Data;此时驱动管的阈值电压如式(4)所示:
Vth=Vth0+k(VDD+Data) (4)
此时,驱动管开启,存储电容器通过第三开关晶体管和驱动管到地线放电,随着驱动管顶栅电压由于放电而减小,驱动管的阈值电压不断增加,当该阈值电压增加到驱动管的栅源电压Data-VSS时,驱动管截止,相应的放电也截止;此时,结合驱动管顶栅电压对其阈值电压的调控特性,驱动管的顶栅电压Vtg将放电到如式(5)所示:
Vtg=(Data-VSS-Vth0)/k (5)
步骤3.发光阶段:重置控制线保持低电平,发光控制线变为高电平,扫描控制线置为低电平,基准/数据复用线此时为基准信号Ref=0V;此时,驱动管底栅电压Vbg变为0V,由于电容耦合效应,驱动管顶栅电压Vtg变为[(1-k)Data-VSS-Vth0]/k;此时的驱动管阈值电压如式(6)所示:
Vth=(1-k)Data-VSS (6)
存储电容器上维持的电压能够在发光阶段确保驱动管给有机发光二极管提供稳定电流,如式(7)所示:
其中,μ为驱动管的迁移率,Cox为驱动管的栅氧层电容密度,W/L为驱动管宽长比,Vgs为驱动管的栅源电压;实现对晶体管阈值电压漂移和有机发光二极管工作电压退化问题的补偿,确保流过有机发光二极管电流的稳定性。
其中,
所述的重置阶段:该阶段主要实现对存储电容器充电,为后续的补偿阶段时存储电容器的放电做准备;存储电容器的A端电压为基准电压Ref=0V;当重置阶段结束时,存储电容器的B端电压为VDD;根据所述的驱动管顶栅电压对其阈值电压的调控特性,此时驱动管的阈值电压如式(3)所示:
Vth=Vth0+kVDD (3)
所述的补偿阶段,实现对驱动管阈值电压漂移的补偿,将驱动管阈值电压设置为Data-VSS;无论之前驱动管阈值电压是否产生漂移,经过该阶段的补偿,该阈值电压都会被设置为一个与数据信号相关的一个值Data-VSS;此外,在补偿阶段,该电路也实现了数据信号的写入,数据信号被写入到了驱动管的阈值电压Vth中;由于驱动管的阈值电压与存储电容器上维持的电压有关,被写入到该阈值电压中的数据信号由于电容的维持作用,在发光阶段仍然能够继续保持,给有机发光二级管提供稳定驱动电流。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明具有的有益效果是:
(1)与现有技术的有源矩阵有机发光二级管像素补偿电路相比,本发明提出的有源矩阵有机发光二级管像素补偿电路利用了双栅驱动管自身具备阈值电压调节功能的特点,有效地减少了像素补偿电路中的晶体管以及控制信号线的数目,也减少了电容器的数目,因此,可以有效提高像素电路开口率。
(2)本发明提出的有源矩阵有机发光二级管像素补偿电路具有较宽的补偿范围:无论驱动管的阈值电压正向还是负向漂移,在补偿阶段时,存储电容器的B端(也是驱动管顶栅)都可以放电至驱动管关闭,并通过顶栅将驱动管的阈值电压调控为Data-Vss,以此实现对驱动管阈值电压漂移的补偿。因此,该有源矩阵有机发光二级管像素补偿电路可以实现对晶体管阈值电压正向和负向漂移的补偿,具有较宽的补偿补偿范围。
(3)本发明注意到在现有的有机发光二极管放在驱动管源级的结构中,有机发光二极管工作电压(Voled)的退化容易对驱动管的栅源电压产生影响,进而影响到驱动电流的稳定性。在此,本发明将有机发光二极管放在电源和驱动管漏级之间,这使得有机发光二级管的发光电流(如式(7)所示)不受Voled的影响。因此,本发明的有源矩阵有机发光二级管像素补偿电路能够补偿有机发光二极管的工作电压退化带来的驱动电流稳定性问题。
(4)本发明提出的有源矩阵有机发光二级管像素补偿电路使用了双栅结构的驱动管。双栅驱动管的迁移率普遍大于单栅结构的驱动管,较高的迁移率使得该电路中存储电容器的充放电电流更大,速度更快,进而加快像素电路的补偿速度。因此,本发明提出的像素电路具有较高的补偿速度。
附图说明
图1为本发明提出的一种有源矩阵有机发光二级管像素补偿电路结构示意图;
图2为本发明提出的有源矩阵有机发光二级管像素补偿电路的驱动时序图。
图中有:第一开关晶体管T1,第二开关晶体管T2,第三开关晶体管T3,驱动管T4,存储电容器Cst,有机发光二极管OLED,重置控制线Vset,发光控制线Vem,扫描控制线Vscan,基准/数据复用线Vref/Vdata。
具体实施方式
本发明的一种有源矩阵有机发光二极管像素补偿电路包括第一开关晶体管T1、第二开关晶体管T2、第三开关晶体管T3、驱动管T4、存储电容器Cst、有机发光二级管OLED、重置控制线Vset、发光控制线Vem、扫描控制线Vscan、基准/数据复用线Vref/Vdata。
所述驱动管T4优选非晶氧化铟镓锌双栅薄膜晶体管,其底栅用于驱动有机发光二级管OLED,顶栅用于调控阈值电压。所述驱动管T4的顶栅上施加的电压对于阈值电压的调控系数记作k,在这里可取k=-1,这可通过调节顶栅/底栅介质层厚度、有源层厚度来实现。根据上述驱动管T4顶栅电压对阈值电压的调控,驱动管T4的阈值电压Vth如式(11)所示:
Vth=Vth0-Vtg (11)
其中,Vth0为所述驱动管T4顶栅上施加电压为0V时对应的阈值电压,Vth为所述驱动管顶栅上施加电压为Vtg时对应的阈值电压。
所述第一开关晶体管T1的漏极连接电源线Vdd,栅极接重置控制线Vset,源极连接驱动管T4的漏级。所述第一开关晶体管T1用于控制电源线Vdd与存储电容器Cst的B端间连线的导通与关断。
所述第二开关晶体管T2的漏级连接电源线Vdd,栅极连发光控制线Vem,源级连接有机发光二级管OLED的阳极。所述第二开关晶体管T2用来控制有机发光二级管OLED只在发光阶段发光,防止其误发光。
所述有机发光二级管OLED的阳极连接第二开关晶体管T2的源级,阴极连接第三开关晶体管T3的漏级和驱动管T4的漏级。
所述第三晶体管T3的漏级连接驱动管T4的漏级和OLED的阴极,栅极连接扫描控制线Vscan,源级连接驱动管T4的顶栅和存储电容器Cst的B端。所述第三开关晶体管T3用来控制电源线Vdd与存储电容器Cst间连线的开断,以及存储电容器Cst与地线Vss间连线的开断。
所述驱动管T4的漏极连接有机发光二级管OLED的阴极和第一开关晶体管T1的源级,底栅连接基准/数据复用线Vref/Vdata和存储电容器Cst的A端,顶栅连接存储电容器Cst的B端,源级连接地线Vss。
所述基准/数据复用线Vref/Vdata,在重置阶段和发光阶段时,为基准信号(Ref=0V);在补偿阶段时,该基准/数据复用线Vref/Vdata为数据信号(Data)。
上述有源矩阵有机发光二级管像素补偿电路的驱动方法,包括下列步骤:
(1)重置阶段:重置控制线Vset设为高电平,发光控制线Vem设为低电平,电源线Vdd电压为VDD,扫描控制线Vscan设为高电平,基准/数据复用线Vref/Vdata此时为基准信号(Ref=0V)。电源线Vdd通过第一开关晶体管T1、第三开关晶体管T3对存储电容器Cst的B端充电。
该阶段主要实现对存储电容器Cst充电,为后续的补偿阶段时存储电容器Cst的放电做准备。存储电容器Cst的A端电压为Ref=0V。当重置阶段结束时,存储电容器的B端电压,也是驱动管T4的顶栅电压Vtg变为VDD。根据所述的驱动管T4顶栅电压对其阈值电压的调控特性,此时驱动管T4的阈值电压如式(12)所示:
Vth=Vth0-VDD (12)
(2)补偿阶段:发光控制线Vem维持为低电平,重置控制线Vset变为低电平,基准/数据复用线Vref/Vdata此时为数据信号(Data),扫描控制线Vscan置高电平。在该阶段,驱动管T4的底栅电压Vbg由Ref=0V变为Data,由于存储电容器Cst的电容耦合,驱动管T4的顶栅电压Vtg变为VDD+Data。此时驱动管T4的阈值电压如式(13)所示:
Vth=Vth0-VDD-Data (13)
此时,驱动管T4开启,存储电容器Cst通过第三开关晶体管T3和驱动管T4到地线Vss放电。随着驱动管T4顶栅电压Vtg由于放电而减小,驱动管T4的阈值电压不断增加,当该阈值电压Vth增加到驱动管T4的栅源电压Data-VSS时,驱动管T4截止,相应的放电也截止。此时,结合驱动管T4顶栅电压对其阈值电压的调控特性,驱动管T4的顶栅电压Vtg将放电到如式(14)所示:
该阶段实现了对驱动管T4阈值电压的补偿,将驱动管T4阈值电压设置为Data-VSS。无论驱动管T4阈值电压是否产生漂移,经过该阶段的补偿,该阈值电压都会被设置为一个与数据信号(Data)相关的一个值(Data-VSS)。因此,在补偿阶段,该电路也实现了数据信号的写入,数据信号被写入到了驱动管T4的阈值电压Vth里面。由于驱动管T4的阈值电压与存储电容器Cst上维持的电压有关,包含在该阈值电压中的数据信号由于电容的维持作用,能够在发光阶段仍然能够维持不变,给OLED提供稳定驱动电流。
(3)发光阶段:重置控制线Vset仍然保持低电平,发光控制线Vem变为高电平,扫描控制线Vscan置为低电平,基准/数据复用线Vref/Vdata此时为基准信号(Ref=0V)。此时,驱动管T4底栅电压变为0V,由于电容耦合效应,驱动管T4顶栅电压Vtg变为Vth0+VSS-2Data。此时的驱动管T4阈值电压如式(15)所示:
Vth=2Data-VSS (15)
存储电容器Cst上的维持的电压能够确保驱动管T4给有机发光二级管OLED提供稳定电流,如式(16)所示:
对该方法的阈值电压补偿范围进行说明:在补偿阶段开始时,驱动管T4开启,其阈值电压小于驱动管的栅源电压:
Vth0+k(VDD+Data)<Data-VSS (8)
在补偿阶段结束时,驱动管T4顶栅的电压Vtg大于地线上的电压:
(Data-VSS-Vth0)/k>VSS (9)
最后,联立式(8)和式(9),得到该电路能够有效补偿的Vth0的范围如式(10)所示:
Data-(1+k)VSS<Vth0<(1-k)Data-VSS-kVDD (10)
参考现有有源矩阵有机发光二级管像素补偿电路的相关参数,可取Data范围为[-9V,-4V],VDD=15V,VSS=-10V,且此例中k=-1,则根据式(10)可知能够补偿的阈值电压范围为[-4V,7V]。
最后对上述各个阶段结束时电路中相应节点电压和对应驱动管T4阈值电压的变化以下表的方式总结如下:
Claims (7)
1.一种有源矩阵有机发光二极管像素补偿电路,其特征在于,该有源矩阵有机发光二级管像素补偿电路包括第一开关晶体管(T1)、第二开关晶体管(T2)、第三开关晶体管(T3)、驱动管(T4)、存储电容器(Cst)、有机发光二极管(OLED)、重置控制线(Vset)、发光控制线(Vem)、扫描控制线(Vscan)、基准/数据复用线(Vref/Vdata);其中,所述第一开关晶体管(T1)的漏极连接电源线(Vdd),栅极接重置控制线(Vset),源极连接驱动管(T4)的漏级;所述第二开关晶体管(T2)的漏级连接电源线(Vdd),栅极连接发光控制线(Vem),源级连接有机发光二极管(OLED)的阳极;所述第三开关晶体管(T3)的漏级连接驱动管(T4)的漏级和有机发光二极管(OLED)的阴极,栅极连接扫描控制线(Vscan),源级连接驱动管(T4)的顶栅和存储电容器(Cst)的B端;所述驱动管(T4)的漏极连接有机发光二极管(OLED)的阴极和第一开关晶体管(T1)的源级,底栅连接基准/数据复用线(Vref/Vdata)和存储电容器(Cst)的A端,顶栅连接存储电容器(Cst)的B端,源级连接地线(Vss);
所述驱动管(T4)为N型的双栅薄膜晶体管,其底栅用于驱动有机发光二极管(OLED),顶栅用于调控晶体管阈值电压。
3.根据权利要求2所述的有源矩阵有机发光二极管像素补偿电路,其特征在于,所述驱动管(T4)的阈值电压Vth如式(2)所示:
Vth=Vth0+kVtg (2)
其中,Vth0为所述驱动管(T4)顶栅上施加电压为0V时对应的阈值电压,Vth为所述驱动管顶栅上施加电压为Vtg时对应的阈值电压。
4.根据权利要求2所述的有源矩阵有机发光二极管像素补偿电路,其特征在于,所述基准/数据复用线(Vref/Vdata),在重置阶段和发光阶段时,为基准信号Ref=0V;在补偿阶段时,该基准/数据复用线(Vref/Vdata)为数据信号(Data)。
5.一种如权利要求1所述的有源矩阵有机发光二极管像素补偿电路的驱动方法,其特征在于,所述的驱动方法包括下列步骤:
步骤1.重置阶段:重置控制线(Vset)设为高电平,发光控制线(Vem)设为低电平,电源线(Vdd)电压为VDD,扫描控制线(Vscan)设为高电平,基准/数据复用线(Vref/Vdata)此时为基准信号Ref=0V;电源线(Vdd)通过第一开关晶体管(T1)、第三开关晶体管(T3)对存储电容器(Cst)的B端充电;
步骤2.补偿阶段:发光控制线(Vem)维持为低电平,重置控制线(Vset)变为低电平,基准/数据复用线(Vref/Vdata)此时为数据信号(Data),扫描控制线(Vscan)置高电平;在该阶段,驱动管(T4)的底栅电压Vbg由基准信号Ref=0V变为数据信号(Data),由于存储电容器(Cst)的电容耦合作用,驱动管(T4)的顶栅电压Vtg将会变为VDD+Data;此时驱动管(T4)的阈值电压如式(4)所示:
Vth=Vth0+k(VDD+Data) (4)
此时,驱动管(T4)开启,存储电容器(Cst)通过第三开关晶体管(T3)和驱动管(T4)向地线(Vss)放电,随着驱动管(T4)顶栅电压(Vtg)由于放电而减小,驱动管(T4)的阈值电压不断增加,当该阈值电压增加到驱动管(T4)的栅源电压Data-VSS时,驱动管(T4)截止,相应的放电也截止;此时,结合驱动管(T4)顶栅电压对其阈值电压的调控特性,驱动管(T4)的顶栅电压Vtg将放电到式(5)所示:
Vtg=(Data-VSS-Vth0)/k (5)
步骤3.发光阶段:重置控制线(Vset)保持低电平,发光控制线(Vem)变为高电平,扫描控制线(Vscan)置为低电平,基准/数据复用线(Vref/Vdata)此时为基准信号Ref=0V;此时,驱动管(T4)底栅电压Vbg变为0V,由于电容耦合效应,驱动管(T4)顶栅电压Vtg变为[(1-k)Data-VSS-Vth0]/k;此时的驱动管(T4)阈值电压如式(6)所示:
Vth=(1-k)Data-VSS (6)
存储电容器(Cst)上的维持的电压能够在发光阶段确保驱动管(T4)给有机发光二极管(OLED)提供稳定电流,如式(7)所示:
其中,μ为驱动管(T4)的迁移率,Cox为驱动管(T4)的栅氧层电容密度,W/L为驱动管(T4)宽长比,Vgs为驱动管(T4)的栅源电压;实现对晶体管阈值电压漂移和有机发光二极管(OLED)工作电压退化问题的补偿,确保流过有机发光二极管(OLED)电流的稳定性。
6.根据权利要求5所述的有源矩阵有机发光二极管像素补偿电路的驱动方法,其特征在于,所述的重置阶段:该阶段主要实现对存储电容器(Cst)充电,为后续的补偿阶段时存储电容器(Cst)的放电做准备;存储电容器(Cst)的A端电压为基准电压Ref=0V;当重置阶段结束时,存储电容器(Cst)的B端电压为VDD;根据所述的驱动管(T4)顶栅电压对其阈值电压的调控特性,此时驱动管(T4)的阈值电压如式(3)所示:
Vth=Vth0+kVDD (3)。
7.根据权利要求5所述的有源矩阵有机发光二极管像素补偿电路的驱动方法,其特征在于,所述的补偿阶段,实现对驱动管(T4)阈值电压漂移的补偿,将驱动管(T4)阈值电压设置为Data-VSS;无论之前驱动管(T4)阈值电压是否产生漂移,经过该阶段的补偿,该阈值电压都会被设置为一个与数据信号(Data)相关的一个值Data-VSS;在补偿阶段,该电路也实现了数据信号的写入,数据信号被写入到了驱动管(T4)的阈值电压Vth中;由于驱动管(T4)的阈值电压与存储电容器(Cst)上维持的电压有关,被写入到该阈值电压中的数据信号由于电容的维持作用,在发光阶段仍然能够继续保持,给有机发光二级管(OLED)提供稳定驱动电流。
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