CN112765839B - Design method of metal rubber component - Google Patents
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Abstract
A design method of a metal rubber component relates to a design method. The invention solves the problems that the input of material parameters is difficult and the influence rule of the performance parameters of the metal rubber component cannot be obtained when finite element simulation calculation is carried out on the metal rubber. The method comprises the following steps: different numerical simulation models are adopted to accurately describe different compression deformation stages of the metal rubber; step two: establishing a metal rubber component model by using the obtained metal rubber constitutive relation through finite element simulation software; step three: and researching the influence rule of the structural size of the component on the metal rubber. On the basis of the mechanical properties of a solid metal rubber sample, an orthotropic damping material model and a multiple linear follow-up strengthening model in an ANASYS software database are respectively adopted to describe the deformation process of the metal rubber, the structural design of the metal rubber is carried out according to the obtained constitutive relation, and the influence of the structural size on the mechanical properties of the member is analyzed. The invention is used for the design of the metal rubber component.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a design method, in particular to a design method of a metal rubber component, and particularly relates to a structure design method based on ANASYS finite element software analysis.
Background
The rubber material has good elastic damping performance, corrosion and aging resistance and long service life at room temperature, and is widely used in the field of engineering machinery as vibration damping, noise reduction and sealing materials all the time. However, rubber materials exhibit many disadvantages under low temperature conditions, such as increased hardness and modulus at reduced temperatures, susceptibility to aging in severe marine environments, and shortened alternate high and low temperature service life. The metal rubber is a functional structural material developed aiming at the defects.
The metal rubber is a homogeneous porous material which is prepared by winding and tangling metal wires as raw materials into a spring spiral coil with certain diameter and screw pitch, laying the spring spiral coil into a three-dimensional blank and finally performing cold press molding on the three-dimensional blank. Compared with the traditional rubber, the rigidity of the metal rubber is changed violently in the loading process and is far higher than that of the traditional rubber, and the metal rubber which can replace the traditional rubber at a low temperature is obtained through structural design.
At present, finite element simulation calculation is applied in large scale in engineering practice, metal rubber is used as a novel material, a material model which is completely suitable for mechanical property change is not available at present, and the current metal rubber model mainly comprises a cantilever beam equivalent model and a linear elastic material model, but the cantilever beam model is difficult to model and is not suitable for metal rubber components with complex structures; the linear elastic model is equivalent to metal rubber as an elastic material, and cannot describe the nonlinear deformation process of the metal rubber. Therefore, it is very important to input the change rule of the mechanical property of the metal rubber into a computer accurately.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that when the existing metal rubber is subjected to finite element simulation calculation, because no material model which can be completely suitable for the change of the mechanical property of the metal rubber exists, the change rule of the mechanical property of the metal rubber cannot be accurately input into a computer, and the influence rule of the typical structure size on the performance parameters of the metal rubber component cannot be obtained. Further provided is a method for designing a metal rubber member.
The technical scheme of the invention is a design method of a metal rubber component, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: different numerical simulation models are adopted to accurately describe different compression deformation stages of the metal rubber: describing the linear stage of the metal rubber compression stress-strain curve by adopting an orthotropic damping material model in an ANASYS finite element software database; the nonlinear stage of the metal rubber compression stress-strain curve is described by a multiple linear follow-up strengthening model in an ANASYS finite element software database.
Step two: based on the combination of the law of conservation of energy and the follow-up strengthening theory, the orthotropic damping material model and the multiple linear follow-up strengthening model in the ANASYS software database in the step I provide a new metal rubber constitutive relation for different compression deformation stages, and a metal rubber component model is established through finite element simulation software.
Step three: the influence of the structural size of the component on the rigidity of the metal rubber component is studied: a metal rubber component model is established by utilizing finite element simulation software, finite element simulation calculation is carried out on the metal rubber component model, and the influence rule of the outer diameter size, the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter and the relative density of the metal rubber on the mechanical performance is mainly analyzed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following improvement effects:
1. the method has the advantages that the finite element simulation software is combined with the design of the metal rubber component, different simulation models are adopted to describe the metal rubber compression deformation process at different stages, and the accuracy of simulation data is greatly improved. And designing the structure size of the metal rubber component by using finite element simulation software according to the obtained constitutive relation, and researching the influence of the structure size of the metal rubber component on the mechanical property.
2. The design method of the metal rubber component structure based on ANASYS simulation software accurately describes the deformation process of the metal rubber by adopting the orthotropic damping material model and the multiple linear follow-up strengthening model in the ANASYS software database, solves the problem of difficult input of material parameters when the metal rubber is subjected to finite element simulation calculation, and obtains the influence rule of the typical structure size on the performance parameters of the metal rubber component.
3. The method is based on the mechanical property of a solid metal rubber sample, the deformation process of the metal rubber is described by respectively adopting an orthotropic damping material model and a multiple linear follow-up strengthening model in an ANASYS software database, the structural design of the metal rubber is carried out according to the obtained constitutive relation, and the influence of the structural size on the mechanical property of the member is analyzed. The invention adopts different simulation models to accurately describe the deformation process of the metal rubber, provides a new constitutive relation of the metal rubber, designs the metal rubber component through finite element simulation software, and effectively reduces the rigidity of the metal rubber component.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a quasi-static compressive stress-strain curve of the metal rubber of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is the energy consumed by the dry friction of the metal rubber of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the work of the metal rubber of the present invention by external force;
FIG. 4 is a polynomial fit of a metal rubber loading curve of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a polynomial fit of the metal-rubber unloading curve of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a stress-strain curve of experimental data and simulated data for a metal rubber of the present invention having a relative density of 0.2;
FIG. 7 is a model of an O-shaped metal rubber member according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a simulation model of O-shaped metal rubber member of the present invention with different outer diameters and the same inner-to-outer diameter ratio;
FIG. 9 is a finite element simulated compression stress-strain curve diagram of an O-shaped metal rubber component with different outer diameters and the same inner and outer diameter ratio;
FIG. 10 is a simulation model of an O-shaped metal rubber member of the present invention with the same outer diameter and different inner diameter ratio;
FIG. 11 is a finite element simulated compression stress-strain curve of O-shaped metal rubber components with different inner and outer diameter ratios;
FIG. 12 is a stress-strain curve of O-shaped metal rubber members of different relative densities according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a comprehensive equivalent cloud when the strain amount of the O-shaped metal rubber member of the present invention is 30%.
Detailed Description
The specific implementation mode is as follows: the method for designing a metal rubber member of the present embodiment includes the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: different numerical simulation models are adopted to accurately describe different compression deformation stages of the metal rubber: describing the linear stage of the metal rubber compression stress-strain curve by adopting an orthotropic damping material model in an ANASYS finite element software database; the nonlinear stage of the metal rubber compression stress-strain curve is described by a multiple linear follow-up strengthening model in an ANASYS finite element software database. (ii) a
Step two: based on the energy conservation law and the follow-up reinforcement theory, in the first step, an orthotropic damping material model and a multiple linear follow-up reinforcement model in an ANASYS software database provide a new metal rubber constitutive relation for different compression deformation stages, and the obtained metal rubber constitutive relation is utilized to establish a metal rubber component model through finite element simulation software:
when the constitutive relation of the metal rubber is obtained, constitutive equations at different stages of the metal rubber compression deformation process are changed, and the metal rubber deformation process is divided into two stages:
the first stage is a linear elastic stage, and an orthotropic damping material model in an ANASYS software database is adopted to describe the deformation process of the metal rubber; for the orthotropic damping material model, the density, the elastic modulus, the shear modulus and the Poisson ratio of the metal rubber are required to be input into simulation software, wherein the input density, the elastic modulus, the shear modulus and the Poisson ratio of the metal rubber are obtained by combining a metal rubber compression cycle curve with an energy conservation law;
the second stage is a non-linear elastic stage, which comprises a soft characteristic stage and an exponential hardening stage, and a multi-linear follow-up reinforcement model in an ANASYS database is adopted to describe the deformation process of the non-linear elastic stage; for the multi-linear follow-up reinforcement model, the regression analysis of the stress-strain curve of the metal rubber at a nonlinear stage is needed, and characteristic parameter values are input into software;
the metal rubber with different relative densities has different constitutive relations, and the relative densities can be controlled by controlling the using amount of the metal wire, wherein the spiral winding diameter and the spiral winding pitch of the metal rubber are related to the diameter of the metal wire, and the ratio of the spiral winding diameter and the spiral winding pitch of the metal rubber to the diameter of the metal wire is 10:10: 1.
Step three: the influence of the structural size of the component on the rigidity of the metal rubber component is studied: a metal rubber component model is established by using finite element simulation software, finite element simulation calculation is carried out on the metal rubber component model, and the influence rule of the outer diameter size, the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter and the relative density of the metal rubber on the rigidity is mainly analyzed.
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which figures 1 to 11 are shown:
fig. 1 is a stress-strain curve obtained by performing a quasi-static compression test on a metal rubber, from which it can be observed that the quasi-static compression deformation of the metal rubber undergoes 3 stages, i.e., a linear elastic stage AB, a soft characteristic stage BC, and an index hardening stage CD.
In the finite element calculation, the compression deformation process is divided into two stages:
the first stage is a linear elastic stage, using an orthotropic damping material model in the ANSYS software database to describe the deformation process of the metal rubber. For the orthotropic damping material model of the metal rubber, the density, the elastic modulus, the shear modulus and the Poisson ratio of the metal rubber are required to be input in finite element simulation software, and the model is obtained by combining a compression cycle curve of the metal rubber with an energy conservation law.
The second stage is a non-linear elastic stage, which comprises a soft characteristic and an index hardening stage, and describes the deformation process of the metal rubber by using a multiple linear follow-up strengthening model in a database. The stress-strain curve linear regression analysis of the metal rubber in the nonlinear stage is needed, and characteristic parameter values are input into software.
According to the law of conservation of energy, when the metal rubber is subjected to quasi-static stress, the energy consumed by external force loading acting and internal friction or dry friction and the total amount of elastic potential energy and kinetic energy generated by the test piece during rebound are balanced.
The area of the shaded portion in fig. 2 is the energy consumed by the dry friction;
the area of the shaded portion in fig. 3 is the work performed by the external force.
The energy difference between the work done by the external force and the energy consumed by the dry friction is the potential energy released when the metal rubber rebounds under the action of the elastic restoring force, namely the elastic strain energy. The energy conservation law is met between the two.
Assuming that p (x) is the loading load and q (x) is the unloading load, the work done by the external force during one cycle is:
the elastic strain energy is:
according to the theory of mechanics of materials, in the process of axial tension and compression of the material in an elastic range, external force does work as follows:
p-axial force of material, N
Delta l-axial displacement of material, mm
According to Hooke's law, the calculation formula of the equivalent elastic modulus of the axially-tensioned metal rubber can be derived through the formulas (1), (2) and (3):
a-stress area of metal rubber, mm2
The metal rubber compression cycle curve with a relative density of 0.2 was analyzed.
And respectively carrying out 6-order polynomial fitting on the loading and unloading curves of the metal rubber in the primary circulation process to obtain a curve equation of the metal rubber during loading and unloading.
Curve equation under load:
curve equation at unloading:
fig. 4 is a polynomial fit of a metal rubber loading curve.
Fig. 5 is a polynomial fit of a metal rubber unloading curve.
The fitting accuracy can be calculated to reach more than 99% according to a 6 th-order polynomial equation of curve fitting of the metal rubber during loading and unloading, and the fitting equation of the curve is accurate. The equivalent modulus of metal rubber with a relative density of 0.2 was calculated to be 88.61MPa according to equation (4).
And (3) giving the finite element model with the material parameters and the mathematical relation as initial conditions, and simulating the metal rubber loading process by adopting the boundary conditions identical to those of the experiment to obtain a simulation result.
FIG. 6 is a stress-strain curve of experimental data and simulated data for a metal rubber having a relative density of 0.2;
the graph shows that the simulation data of the metal rubber is well matched with the experimental data, and the orthogonal anisotropic damping material model and the multiple linear follow-up strengthening model can accurately describe the deformation process of the metal rubber in the stages of on-line elasticity and non-line elasticity.
The metal rubber member has good mechanical stability at low temperature, but the rigidity of the metal rubber is far greater than that of common rubber, and the rigidity of the metal rubber can be effectively reduced by adopting a hollow structure. A metal rubber component with an O-shaped section is designed through finite element simulation software, and the influence rule of the section size on the rigidity is researched.
FIG. 7 shows an O-shaped metal rubber member model.
FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 are the results of finite element simulations of the compressive stress-strain curves of O-shaped metal rubber members having different outer diameters and the same inner/outer diameter ratios.
Fig. 10 and 11 show the results of finite element simulations of the compression stress-strain curves of the o-type metal-rubber components with the same outer diameter and inner/outer diameter ratios of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8, respectively.
By comparison, it can be found that when the inner diameter ratio and the outer diameter ratio of the O-shaped metal rubber member are the same, the stress-strain curves of the metal rubber members with different outer diameters have high overlap ratio, which indicates that the rigidity of the O-shaped metal rubber member is independent of the outer diameter size thereof, and when the inner diameter ratio and the outer diameter ratio are constant, the strength of the member is in linear relation with the outer diameter size.
With the increase of the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter, the rigidity of the metal rubber component is sharply reduced, and the strain corresponding to the three stages of linear elasticity, soft characteristics and index hardening is gradually increased.
FIG. 12 is a stress-strain curve of O-shaped metal rubber members having the same structural size (outer diameter: 10mm, inner diameter: outer diameter: 0.4) and different relative densities (0.2, 0.3).
Comparing the numerical simulation results, it can be found that the strain amounts corresponding to the linear elasticity stages of the metal rubber components with different relative densities are not different greatly, and are 26.05% and 22.98%, respectively. The strain generated by the deformation of the structure in the linear elastic stage of the O-shaped hollow structure is far larger than the strain generated by the material due to the compression modulus. The strain amount range corresponding to the soft characteristic stage of the sample with the relative density of 0.2 is wider. According to the formula (4), the equivalent moduli of the metal rubber with different relative densities are respectively 36.48MPa and 84.28MPa, and compared with the equivalent modulus of the original metal rubber material, the greater the relative density, the greater the equivalent modulus, and the rigidity of the metal rubber member can be effectively reduced through structural design.
FIG. 13 is a cloud chart of equivalent stress and equivalent strain at 30% compressive strain for O-shaped metal rubber members having an outer diameter of 10mm, an inner diameter to outer diameter ratio of 0.4, and different relative densities.
By comparison, it was found that the positions of the metal rubber members where the maximum equivalent strains occur were all the same at the 30% compressive strain, and both of them occurred inside the horizontal symmetry plane of the o-shaped member, and that the strain amounts were 28.734% and 28.774%, respectively, and the strain amount with the relative density of 0.3 was slightly larger. The maximum integrated equivalent stress value of the sample with the relative density of 0.2 is 0.94965MPa, and the maximum integrated equivalent stress value of the sample with the relative density of 0.3 is 8.2616 MPa. The geometric shape of the metal rubber component determines the position where the maximum strain quantity occurs, and the rigidity of the component can be effectively reduced by changing the geometric shape. The mechanical parameters of the component at each stage can be effectively changed through the adjustment of the geometric dimension and the relative density.
The above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and applications made by the above embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A design method of a metal rubber component is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: different numerical simulation models are adopted to accurately describe different compression deformation stages of the metal rubber: describing the linear stage of the metal rubber compression stress-strain curve by adopting an orthotropic damping material model in an ANASYS finite element software database; describing the nonlinear stage of the metal rubber compression stress-strain curve by adopting a multi-linear follow-up strengthening model in an ANASYS finite element software database;
step two: based on the energy conservation law and the follow-up reinforcement theory, an orthotropic damping material model and a multiple linear follow-up reinforcement model in an ANASYS software database in the first step are combined to provide a new metal rubber constitutive relation for different compression deformation stages, and a metal rubber component model is established through finite element simulation software by using the obtained metal rubber constitutive relation;
step three: and researching the influence rule of the structural size of the component on the outer diameter size, the inner-outer diameter ratio and the relative density of the metal rubber on the mechanical property.
2. A method of designing a metal-rubber component, according to claim 1, characterized in that: and step two, the constitutive equation of the metal rubber obtained in the step two is changed in different stages of the metal rubber compression deformation process, and the metal rubber deformation process is divided into two stages:
the first stage is a linear elastic stage, and an orthotropic damping material model in an ANASYS software database is adopted to describe the deformation process of the metal rubber;
the second phase is a non-linear elastic phase which comprises a soft characteristic phase and an index hardening phase, and a multi-linear follow-up strengthening model in an ANASYS database is adopted to describe the deformation process of the non-linear elastic phase.
3. A method of designing a metal-rubber component, according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the on-line elastic stage, for the orthotropic damping material model, the density, the elastic modulus, the shear modulus and the poisson ratio of the metal rubber need to be input in simulation software.
4. A method of designing a metal-rubber component, according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the nonlinear elastic stage, for the multiple linear follow-up reinforcement model, the stress-strain curve regression analysis of the metal rubber in the nonlinear stage is required, and characteristic parameter values are input into software.
5. A method of designing a metal-rubber component, according to claim 2, characterized in that: the density, elastic modulus, shear modulus and Poisson's ratio of the metal rubber input in the linear elasticity stage are obtained by combining a metal rubber compression cycle curve with an energy conservation law.
6. A method of designing a metal-rubber component according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: in the second step, the constitutive relation of the metal rubber with different relative densities is different, the relative densities control the relative density of the metal rubber by controlling the using amount of the metal wire, wherein the spiral winding diameter and the spiral winding pitch of the metal rubber are related to the diameter of the metal wire, and the ratio of the spiral winding diameter and the spiral winding pitch of the metal rubber to the diameter of the metal wire is 10:10: 1.
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