CN112765075A - One-to-many communication method and system based on serial port - Google Patents
One-to-many communication method and system based on serial port Download PDFInfo
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- CN112765075A CN112765075A CN202011630574.9A CN202011630574A CN112765075A CN 112765075 A CN112765075 A CN 112765075A CN 202011630574 A CN202011630574 A CN 202011630574A CN 112765075 A CN112765075 A CN 112765075A
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- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
- G06F13/38—Information transfer, e.g. on bus
- G06F13/42—Bus transfer protocol, e.g. handshake; Synchronisation
- G06F13/4282—Bus transfer protocol, e.g. handshake; Synchronisation on a serial bus, e.g. I2C bus, SPI bus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/2803—Home automation networks
- H04L12/2816—Controlling appliance services of a home automation network by calling their functionalities
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/2803—Home automation networks
- H04L12/2838—Distribution of signals within a home automation network, e.g. involving splitting/multiplexing signals to/from different paths
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Abstract
The invention relates to a serial port-based one-to-many communication method and a serial port-based one-to-many communication system, wherein the system comprises a host, a plurality of slave machines and a transceiving circuit; the receiving and transmitting circuit comprises an output line connected with the host serial port output interface and an input line connected with the host serial port input interface; the input interface of the slave serial port is connected with the output line, and the output interface of the slave serial port is connected with the input line; the host and the slave realize the communication of the host to a plurality of slaves by the following serial port communication method: the master polls the state of each slave at intervals through a transceiving line, and the reply time of the slave responding to the master polling is less than the interval time of the master polling. The invention provides a serial communication method for realizing single serial port and multiple controlled ends of a control end, which effectively solves the problem of one-to-many communication cost and avoids the problems of communication conflict and communication blockage in the state updating of one-to-many serial port communication polling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a one-to-many communication method and a one-to-many communication system based on a serial port, and belongs to the technical field of serial port communication.
Background
The general multi-device communication methods include: serial port communication, such as an RS-232 port, a serial port, an asynchronous port, or a COM (communication) port; or 485 communication. The characteristics of the RS232 interface: only point-to-point communication is available, and multipoint communication is not supported; RS485 communication characteristics: the multi-station communication capability is realized, and a single RS485 interface can be utilized to conveniently establish a device network.
In a specific application field, how to realize the communication requirements of one control end and a plurality of controlled ends through serial port communication is a technical problem to be solved. For example, the chinese utility model patent with the publication number CN 206441155U discloses a control circuit capable of realizing RS232 one-to-many communication, which specifically includes that an RXD data receiving end includes an interface driving circuit (interface driving chip of SN 75174) and a data selection circuit (CD4051 switching circuit); the TXD sending data end comprises an interface buffer (an integrated chip of SN 75175) for receiving data information of the master control equipment and a data distributor (a 74HCT245 integrated chip); the method adopts a time division multiplexing mode to improve the baud rate, integrates the RXD data of a plurality of controlled ends into one RXD to be sent to a control end, and then solves the data information of each RXD through an inverse process to complete the RS232 interface transmission under the condition of a plurality of control ends and a plurality of controlled ends.
For example, in the field of smart home, how to meet the communication requirements of a control end and a plurality of controlled ends through a serial port is also a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently. For example, an integrated control multi-connected panel (the panel integrates a controller 86 unit with different functions such as a switch, a scene, a curtain, a temperature controller, and the like, and is an intelligent home panel product that is finally displayed in a multifunctional control and combination mode), a main control circuit of the integrated control multi-connected panel usually uses a single chip microcomputer as a main control chip to control, and then a plurality of serial ports need to be arranged to communicate with different types of controller modules (86 units such as a switch, a scene, a temperature controller, and the like) respectively, so that a communication mode that one main control circuit controls a plurality of devices through a plurality of serial ports or 485 chips is realized.
In actual conditions, if a 485 communication mode is adopted to meet one-to-many control, the manufacturing cost is high, and a 485 chip needs to be additionally arranged because 485 communication is not available on a single chip microcomputer adopted by an integrated panel; if serial port communication is adopted, because the serial port on the singlechip is limited, if one device is communicated with a plurality of devices, the singlechip with a large number of serial ports is required, and the cost is increased.
In addition, in the smart home field, in the above-mentioned integrated control's the design of the many gang panel, still have following problem:
the corresponding customization demand difference of the multigang panel that different occasions used is great, relates to in the aspect of the difference: the 86 units contained in each multi-connected panel are different in types (such as switches, scenes, sockets, curtains, temperature controllers and the like), the 86 units are different in sequence, and the load circuits of the 86 units are different (such as single open/double open/three open/four open).
Different devices (86 units) on hardware cannot be combined randomly, and software and hardware are redesigned when a new 86 unit combination is added every time, so that labor is consumed, the cost is increased, and the period is long.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a serial port-based one-to-many communication method and system, which are used for solving the problem of high cost of realizing one-to-many communication in a plurality of controlled terminals by one control terminal.
In order to achieve the above object, the scheme of the invention comprises:
the invention relates to a serial port-based one-to-many communication system, which comprises a host, a plurality of slave machines and a transceiving circuit, wherein the host is connected with the slave machines; the receiving and transmitting circuit comprises an output line connected with the host serial port output interface and an input line connected with the host serial port input interface; the input interface of the slave serial port is connected with the output line, and the output interface of the slave serial port is connected with the input line;
the host and the slave realize the communication of the host to a plurality of slaves by the following serial port communication method:
the master polls the state of each slave at intervals through a transceiving line, and the reply time of the slave responding to the master polling is less than the interval time of the master polling.
The invention provides a serial communication method for realizing single serial port and multiple controlled ends of a control end, which effectively solves the problem of one-to-many communication cost and avoids the problems of communication conflict and communication blockage in the state updating of one-to-many serial port communication polling.
Furthermore, the method for polling the state of each slave by the master is that a polling instruction is sent by an output line, and the polling instruction comprises the address of the currently polled slave.
Furthermore, the slave responds to the polling of the host by analyzing the polling command, and if the address in the polling command is not accordant with the local address, the slave does not respond; if yes, reporting the state of the machine.
In the polling process of the host, the time-sharing multiplexing of the serial communication resources is realized by the way that the receiving end judges the command target through the command group sending. And who is used as an instruction target currently occupies the serial line to report the state, and the occupied time does not exceed the polling interval time, so that the state query of the next slave is prevented from being interfered. And the communication process is efficient and quick, and the host does not need to additionally pre-allocate communication resources or additionally set a communication priority mechanism.
Further, the serial port communication method further comprises the following steps: the host computer sends a control instruction through a transceiving line, wherein the control instruction comprises control content and an address of a slave computer which needs to respond to the control.
Further, the slave machine analyzes the control command, and does not respond when the address in the control command is not accordant with the local address; and if so, responding to the control content.
In the process of sending the host control command, the receiving end judges the mode of the command target through command group sending, and the time-sharing multiplexing of the serial communication resources is realized. Who is the instruction target and who responds to the control command. The communication process is efficient and quick, and the host does not need to additionally pre-allocate communication resources or additionally set a communication priority mechanism.
Further, the serial port communication method further comprises the following steps: when the slave does not send data to the outside, the output interface of the slave serial port is configured to be in a floating mode.
The output interface of the slave machine which does not carry out communication is in a floating state, so that the level of the output interface of the master machine is prevented from being pulled down, and the communication between the master machine and other slave machines is prevented from being interfered.
Further, the serial port communication method further comprises the following steps: the serial port communication baud rate is set to 115200.
115200 is the best baud rate setting for practical implementation, achieving higher transmission efficiency.
Further, the serial port communication method further comprises the following steps: the slave does not communicate with the slave, and the slave does not actively communicate with the master.
The slave does not actively communicate, and communication collision or communication blockage is further prevented.
The serial port communication method in the serial port-based one-to-many communication system is adopted to realize the communication of a host computer to a plurality of slave computers.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of a serial-based one-to-many communication system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the system is as follows:
the serial port usually includes only two conventional input interfaces RX and output interfaces TX, and in general, serial communication is one-to-one between a master and a slave, i.e. one-to-one unidirectional transmission communication. If one wants to realize one-to-many communication between a host and slave machines based on a serial port, the problem of communication blockage between one host and a plurality of slave machines and the mutual interference of a plurality of RX signals cause that a control end (host) cannot normally receive information of a controlled end (slave machine).
In the hardware circuit of the scheme, as shown in fig. 1, a core board is used as a master control host, and a plurality of 86 units which are used as slaves are controlled and integrated through a serial port. Each 86 functional module is connected with the core board through a UART, specifically, the transceiving line comprises a TX line, an RX line and a GND line, the TX line, the RX line and the GND line are respectively connected with a TX port, an RX port and a GND port of a serial port of the core board, each 86 unit is hung on the transceiving line, the TX port of the serial port of the 86 unit is connected with the RX line, the RX port is connected with the TX line, and the GND port is connected with the GND line. That is, all modules are connected by the GND line, the TX line, the RX line, and the VCC line, the core board serves as a master, the 86 combination units serve as slaves, the master can communicate with the slaves, and the slaves cannot communicate with each other. In the field of intelligent home furnishing, an intelligent home furnishing system comprises intelligent home furnishing equipment and an intelligent home central control gateway, wherein the intelligent home central control gateway is central control equipment for centrally controlling each intelligent home furnishing equipment; the multi-connected control panel is used as an intelligent household device to establish communication connection with the intelligent household central control gateway, and the core board of the multi-connected control panel is used as a communication host machine in the multi-connected control panel and can receive the control instruction of the intelligent household central control gateway. Based on the serial port one-to-many communication method, the core board (communication host) of the multi-connected control panel issues control instructions received from a central control gateway of an intelligent home and the like to the corresponding 86 units (communication slave), namely issues the control instructions to the corresponding controlled 86 functional modules (switches, scenes, sockets, temperature controllers, curtains and the like) through serial communication, and realizes corresponding functions. The slave machine can realize local functions, for example, a switch and a temperature controller, and a man-machine interaction part and relay control are directly realized by a 86 combination unit; meanwhile, after receiving the issued control command through the serial port, the command is analyzed and realized; and the state which needs to be synchronized locally to the central control gateway can be packaged and reported to the central control gateway through the serial port and the core board when the central control gateway inquires.
In order to realize one-to-many communication based on a serial port and solve the problem of communication blockage of the one-to-many communication, the following serial port communication method is adopted.
First, each 86-combination unit (slave) must be factory configured with an address according to combination requirements, and the address needs to be unique. When networking, the core board (host) grasps the address of the network access slave. Meanwhile, the host machine comprises a key network access function, and reports the 86 unit combination type and the combination sequence contained in the host machine after network access.
The serial port communication method comprises the following two communication processes:
1) a host polling process.
The master polling process is a process of the master polling the state of each slave, and is used for the master to master and update the state of the slave at regular time. The host needs to poll and collect the state of each 86 combined unit all the time, and when a state change is detected, the host reports the state to the upper computer so as to achieve synchronization of the state of the local 86 combined unit and the upper computer.
In the polling process of the host, the host sends out a state query instruction according to a certain polling period through a TX port, each wheel of the state query instruction aims at one slave, and the state query instruction comprises a corresponding slave address queried in the current period and a state query identifier. After the state query instruction is sent out, the state query instruction is received by each networking slave machine through a receiving and sending circuit TX line through an RX port of each serial port, after each slave machine receives the instruction sent by the host machine, address configuration is carried out on each received instruction, and when the received instruction does not belong to the own instruction, the received instruction is directly discarded without responding to the instruction. When the analysis instruction obtains the address in the instruction and is matched with the address of the host, the instruction content is continuously analyzed, after the state query identification of the host is obtained, a timer starts to time, and when the host replies, the host receiving completion time is not more than the host polling period (interval time of host polling). For example, the interval time between the master polling is 100ms, if the current receiving completion time is greater than 80ms, no reply is made to the command, so as to solve the problem of bus collision caused by the blocking reply of the slave program.
Namely, a host interval polling period T is set, and a reply completion period T of the slave to the host is set, wherein the reply completion period T needs to be smaller than the host interval polling period T.
And when the reply completion period is less than the polling interval period of the host, the corresponding slave packs and reports the state required to be synchronized to the host locally. After the polling interval, the master continues to issue a status query command containing the address of the next slave.
2) And controlling the forwarding and the analysis of the instruction.
When the host receives a control command sent by a local operation (such as voice, key, touch control and the like) of the multi-connected control panel or an upper computer (such as an intelligent household central control gateway) (for example, the regulation of the temperature controller needs to be increased by a number of a 86 combination unit which is sent down), the host sends the control command through the TX port, and the control command comprises an address which is found by the host according to the number and corresponds to the 86 combination unit (slave) and control content (for example, specific temperature set for the temperature controller). After the control command is sent out, the control command is received by each networking slave machine through a receiving and sending circuit TX line through an RX port of each serial port, after each slave machine receives the command sent by the host machine, address configuration is carried out on each received command, and when the control command does not belong to the command of the slave machine, the control command is directly discarded without responding to the command. When the instruction is analyzed to obtain the address in the instruction and the address is matched with the address, the instruction content is continuously analyzed, the control is responded after the corresponding control content is obtained, and corresponding control is performed according to the control content (for example, the temperature controller completes the setting of specific temperature).
In addition, each slave is not allowed to report data actively, and when the data is not sent, the output interface TX of each slave is required to be configured into a floating input mode; when data is not sent, the output interface TX of the slave is set to be in a floating mode, so that influence on communication of other slaves is avoided.
Preferably, the serial port communication baud rate needs to adopt 115200, so that the bus transmission efficiency is improved; this is the best baud rate setting during implementation, and actually, a suitable baud rate interval can be configured according to the scheme, so that higher transmission efficiency is realized.
The one-to-many communication device based on the serial port has the following characteristics that 1) each slave machine is not allowed to report data actively; 2) when data is not transmitted, the TX port of each slave machine is required to be configured into a floating input mode; 3) setting a reply completion period of the slave to the host, wherein the reply completion period is less than an interval polling period of the host; 4) the 86 combination units are required to be configured with addresses according to combination requirements when leaving a factory, the addresses are required to be unique, the core board sends instructions including the addresses, the slave machines configure the addresses of all the received instructions, and the instructions are directly discarded when not belonging to the slave machines.
The invention overcomes the problem of communication blockage during one-to-many communication of the serial port, breaks through the simple one-to-one communication mode of the traditional serial port, supports the one-to-many communication mode, and solves the problem of communication with a plurality of slave devices under the condition of not depending on hardware switching because the number of ports of the master device is small. Communication ports are reduced in terms of resources, port resources are saved, and a serial port-based communication method of a controller and a multi-controlled machine is realized logically.
The method comprises the following steps:
the serial port-based one-to-many communication method of the invention is sufficiently clear in the serial port communication method of the embodiment of the device, and is not described in detail herein.
The one-to-many communication method based on the serial port does not need to add the serial port on the basis of the existing single chip microcomputer, and can solve the problems that the cost is increased and the flexible combination cannot meet the requirement of not enriching the customized function because the 485 communication is adopted or the single chip microcomputer with multiple serial ports is selected in the control of a multi-connected integrated panel; the intelligent household multi-connected control panel can realize effective communication with a plurality of 86 units (slave machines in a communication system) such as a switch, a scene, a temperature controller and the like through a core board (namely, a host machine in the invention) on the intelligent household multi-connected control panel, thereby saving serial port resources; compared with the scheme that a core board is respectively designed for each 86 unit of the existing multi-generation product, the cost is further reduced, the customized design of a host computer to multiple slave computers can be carried out according to the requirement, the flexible and random combination of a building block type is met, and the technical problems that the design of the multi-generation product consumes manpower and the period is long due to the difference factors such as the 86 unit type and the sequence are solved.
Claims (9)
1. A serial port-based one-to-many communication system is characterized by comprising a host, a plurality of slaves and a transceiving circuit; the receiving and transmitting circuit comprises an output line connected with the host serial port output interface and an input line connected with the host serial port input interface; the input interface of the slave serial port is connected with the output line, and the output interface of the slave serial port is connected with the input line;
the host and the slave realize the communication of the host to a plurality of slaves by the following serial port communication method:
the master polls the state of each slave at intervals through a transceiving line, and the reply time of the slave responding to the master polling is less than the interval time of the master polling.
2. The serial-based one-to-many communication system according to claim 1, wherein the master polls the status of each slave by issuing a polling command through an output line, wherein the polling command includes the address of the slave currently polled.
3. The serial-port-based one-to-many communication system according to claim 2, wherein the slave responds to the polling of the master by analyzing a polling command, and does not respond when an address in the polling command does not conform to a local address; if yes, reporting the state of the machine.
4. The serial-based one-to-many communication system according to claim 1, wherein the serial communication method further comprises: the host computer sends a control instruction through a transceiving line, wherein the control instruction comprises control content and an address of a slave computer which needs to respond to the control.
5. The serial-based one-to-many communication system according to claim 4, wherein the slave computer parses the control command, and does not respond when the address in the control command does not conform to the local address; and if so, responding to the control content.
6. The serial-based one-to-many communication system according to claim 3 or 5, wherein the serial communication method further comprises: when the slave does not send data to the outside, the output interface of the slave serial port is configured to be in a floating mode.
7. The serial-based one-to-many communication system according to claim 6, wherein the serial communication method further comprises: the serial port communication baud rate is set to 115200.
8. The serial-based one-to-many communication system according to claim 1, wherein the serial communication method further comprises: the slave does not communicate with the slave, and the slave does not actively communicate with the master.
9. A serial port-based one-to-many communication method is characterized in that the serial port communication method in the serial port-based one-to-many communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is adopted to realize the communication of a host computer to a plurality of slave computers.
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| CN113242169A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-08-10 | 广东拓斯达科技股份有限公司 | Multi-slave data updating method, system, equipment and storage medium |
| CN113946529A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-01-18 | 上海商汤阡誓科技有限公司 | Circuit system, signal processing method and device |
| CN113949671A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-01-18 | 深圳市优必选科技股份有限公司 | Master-slave communication system and method, master and slave |
| CN115085758A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-09-20 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | Dual-transceiver multi-mode RS-485 communication host and working method |
| CN116775533A (en) * | 2023-08-25 | 2023-09-19 | 北京凯芯微科技有限公司 | One-to-many serial ports two-way communication conversion circuit |
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