CN112763464A - Spectrum measurement system and method for biological delayed luminescence - Google Patents
Spectrum measurement system and method for biological delayed luminescence Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a spectral measurement system and a method for biological delayed luminescence, and belongs to the technical field of spectral measurement. The system of the invention comprises: the excitation light source receives the pulse signal, controls the excitation light source to emit a light source signal with a preset wavelength according to the pulse signal, and couples the light source signal to the photon collection system by using an optical fiber; the photon collector irradiates the coupled light source signal to the target organism, collects DL photons excited by the coupled light source signal of the target organism, collects the DL photons by using a special optical fiber bundle, and outputs a spectral image after splitting the collected DL photons; and a controller for performing a spectral measurement of the bio-delayed luminescence based on the spectral image. Compared with the existing filtering wheel type DL spectrum measuring system, the method has the advantages of capability of obtaining a DL photon fine spectrum delay curve and high measuring speed.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of spectroscopic measurement technology, and more particularly, to a spectroscopic measurement system and method for emission of biological delay.
Background
Biological Delayed Luminescence (DL) is weak light in a wavelength range of 400nm to 800nm emitted by biomolecules after a light beam stimulates organisms, generally the delay time is in the order of ms, and a curve of a change of a photon number with time is hyperbolic with time instead of exponential decay like fluorescence. This kind of bioluminescence is called as biophoton, but the biophoton emission process is not completely elucidated, and in summary, many molecular atoms inside the organism participate in the interaction with these photons, so that it has a broad molecular spectrum. Therefore, the change of the basic biological processes such as metabolism, gene expression and the like can cause the relevant change of the emission of biological photons, thereby being closely related to the health status of life.
Biophotons require ultra-sensitive and very time-resolved quantum-level single photon detection techniques. Detecting the spectrum of delayed luminescence requires spectroscopy and a smaller number of photon measurements, thus requiring a higher system sensitivity.
At present, the rapid development of quantum theory and technology, especially the improvement of quantum optical theory and experiment, makes the quantum communication and quantum computing technology rapidly developed, and simultaneously, the photon detection capability can step into the single photon detection field along with the updating and upgrading of photon detection devices such as single photon detectors, avalanche diodes and enhanced charge coupled devices (ICCDs), the quantum efficiency of the detection systems can even reach more than 90%, and meanwhile, the spectrum measurement and analysis technology is also rapidly advanced, which all make us provide powerful means for measuring the time characteristic and the spectrum property of the biological photon in the biological field.
The earliest delayed luminescence was observed in 1951 in Strehler BL and Arnold w. in coccidia plant samples, DL was closely related to biological status and is a very sensitive indicator of functional status including human, animal, plant, cell, and recently, biological DL technology was used as a diagnostic method for studying quality of traditional Chinese medicine, plant growth process and seed quality, diseases including tumor, leukemia.
Because the intensity of biological DL is more than 1000 times weaker than fluorescence, most of PMT tubes with extremely high sensitivity are adopted to work in a counting (Geiger) mode, a high-resolution time control system is generally used for controlling photon collection, the time for delayed luminescence of a human body is shorter and weaker than that of a plant, and the high-time-precision collection can be realized only by about 10ms and needing a special circuit.
The spectrum of the DL photons is very broad, from ultraviolet at 200nm to near infrared at 800 nm. Therefore, the spectral analysis is a further refined method for analyzing the change of biological states, can extract a lot of spectral and time information from the emitted photons, provides a more powerful tool for interpreting biological states, including the processes of human health, plant generation, cell metabolism and the like, and has important research and application values. Most other approaches that basically address DL spectrum acquisition with such filter wheels have improved control over PMTs, but still require switching of the filter wheel during spectrum acquisition, and spectrometers that employ grating spectroscopy acquire spectra, but only acquire very strong fluorescence spectra within the starting us.
In order to collect more photon filtering, the bandwidth of the general filter is 30-50nm, so that the fine structure of the DL emission spectrum cannot be obtained, and from the perspective of the molecular spectrum, the resolution of 1-3nm is required to identify the molecular spectrum.
The traditional grating spectrometer can be matched with a low-noise high-sensitivity PMT to collect a bioluminescent fluorescence part, namely, the fluorescence part with high luminous intensity within a few us is measured immediately after excitation, and the delayed luminescence after excitation cannot be measured.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a spectral measurement system for biological delayed luminescence, comprising:
the excitation light source receives the pulse signal, controls the excitation light source to emit a light source signal with a preset wavelength according to the pulse signal, and couples the light source signal to the photon collection system by using an optical fiber;
the photon collector irradiates the coupled light source signal to the target organism, collects DL photons excited by the coupled light source signal of the target organism, collects the DL photons by using a special optical fiber bundle, and outputs a spectral image after splitting the collected DL photons;
and the controller outputs a pulse signal to control the exciting light source to emit a light source signal with a preset wavelength, receives the spectral image output by the photon collection system, and completes the spectral measurement of biological delayed luminescence according to the spectral image.
Optionally, the predetermined wavelength range is 300-550 nm.
Optionally, the light intensity of the coupled light source signal is not more than 100mW/cm 2.
Optionally, a photon collector, comprising:
the excitation collecting head irradiates the coupled light source signal to the target organism and collects DL photons excited by the coupled light source signal of the target organism;
a special fiber bundle that collects DL photons;
a spectrometer, the spectrometer comprising:
an input port that receives the collected DL photons;
the rotating wheel is provided with a grating, and the grating is used for splitting the collected DL photons and outputting a spectral image;
the output port is connected with the spectral image;
a PMT tube that transmits the spectral image to the controller.
Optionally, the spectrometer is a 1:1 imaging spectrometer.
Optionally, the excitation collecting head is a photon collecting head of a double-cylindrical mirror.
Optionally, the spectral measurement range of the spectrometer is 350-.
The invention also proposes a spectroscopic measurement method for the biological delayed luminescence, comprising:
coupling light source signals with preset wavelengths by using optical fibers;
irradiating the coupled light source signal to a target organism, collecting DL photons excited by the coupled light source signal of the target organism, collecting the DL photons by using a special optical fiber bundle, and outputting a spectral image after splitting the collected DL photons;
and completing the spectral measurement of the biological delayed luminescence according to the spectral image.
Optionally, the predetermined wavelength range is 300-550 nm.
Optionally, the light intensity of the coupled light source signal is not more than 100mW/cm 2.
Compared with the existing filtering wheel type DL spectrum measuring system, the method has the advantages of capability of obtaining a DL photon fine spectrum delay curve and high measuring speed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a spectroscopic measurement system for delayed bioluminescence in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a spectrum collection fiber and excitation subsystem of a spectroscopic measurement system for delayed bioluminescence in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a photon collection head for a bi-cylindrical mirror of a spectroscopic measurement system for delayed bioluminescence in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4a is a diagram of a spectral measurement system for biological delayed luminescence according to the present invention, wherein the spectral measurement system is configured to correct the center wavelength of a wide slit of a spectrometer by using a precise positioning method;
FIG. 4b is a diagram of a spectral measurement system for biological delayed luminescence according to the present invention employing a fine positioning method to correct the center wavelength of the narrow slit of the spectrometer;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for spectral measurement of biological delayed luminescence according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein, which are provided for complete and complete disclosure of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. The terminology used in the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In the drawings, the same units/elements are denoted by the same reference numerals.
Unless otherwise defined, terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Further, it will be understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense.
The invention proposes a spectroscopic measurement system for the delayed luminescence of a living being, as shown in fig. 1, comprising:
the excitation light source receives the pulse signal, controls the excitation light source to emit a light source signal with a preset wavelength according to the pulse signal, and couples the light source signal to the photon collection system by using an optical fiber;
the photon collector irradiates the coupled light source signal to the target organism, collects DL photons excited by the coupled light source signal of the target organism, collects the DL photons by using a special optical fiber bundle, and outputs a spectral image after splitting the collected DL photons;
and the controller outputs a pulse signal to control the exciting light source to emit a light source signal with a preset wavelength, receives the spectral image output by the photon collection system, and completes the spectral measurement of biological delayed luminescence according to the spectral image.
Wherein the predetermined wavelength range is 300-550 nm.
Wherein the light intensity of the coupled light source signal is not more than 100mW/cm 2.
Wherein, photon collector includes:
the excitation collecting head irradiates the coupled light source signal to the target organism and collects DL photons excited by the coupled light source signal of the target organism;
a special fiber bundle that collects DL photons;
a spectrometer, the spectrometer comprising:
an input port that receives the collected DL photons;
the rotating wheel is provided with a grating, and the grating is used for splitting the collected DL photons and outputting a spectral image;
the output port is connected with the spectral image;
a PMT tube that transmits the spectral image to the controller.
Wherein the spectrometer is a 1:1 imaging spectrometer.
Wherein, the excitation collecting head is a photon collecting head of a double-cylindrical mirror.
Wherein the spectral measurement range of the spectrometer is 350-850 nm.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples and figures:
the excitation light source can adopt a semiconductor laser, a xenon lamp and the like, and the controller comprises a control system, system software and the like.
The principle of the invention comprises:
and (3) DL excitation: the exciting light source can use a semiconductor laser or other light sources which can stably emit light with the wavelength of 300-550nm under the control of pulse signals, and the power is approximately dozens of milliwatts to hundreds of milliwatts; coupled to the excitation collecting photon head 3 through the optical fiber to generate light spots with required areas and shapes; for animals and plants, the light intensity is not too large, generally less than 10mW/cm2 and not more than 100mW/cm 2;
and (3) collecting DL: excited DL photons are collected to a general spectrometer through a specially designed optical fiber, one end of the collecting optical fiber is connected to an excited collecting photon head, the other end of the collecting optical fiber is connected to an input port of a spectrometer 5, a collected sample is generally circular, the collecting optical fiber is connected to a circular area with the diameter of approximately 4.2mm of the collected photon head 3, the other end of the collecting optical fiber is a rectangle with the diameter of 14 x 1mm, and the geometrical size of the optical fiber is determined according to the biological sample collecting area and the imaging needs of the spectrometer as shown in figure 2.
DL photon is split by the slit-shaped optical fiber head and the light splitting grating arranged on the rotating wheel of the spectrometer and imaged on the output port of the spectrometer, the 1:1 imaging spectrometer is adopted, the output port 9 is a slit with the same size as the optical fiber rectangular head, the length and the width are also kept at 14 x 1mm, the PMT tube 10 is arranged behind the slit, the diameter of the photosensitive cathode surface of the PMT tube is large and can exceed 20mm, the photon emitted from the slit can be guaranteed to be completely collected to the PMT, the PMT works in a Geiger counting mode, a proper spectral sensitivity range can be selected, and when the photon is collected, the photon with a required wavelength section is obtained by controlling the rotating wheel 7 of the spectrometer.
The exciting light source requires the exciting light source to respond pulse signals quickly, the response time is controlled to be less than 1us, the semiconductor laser and various pulse lasers can meet the requirements, the xenon lamp can also realize the requirement of quick luminescence, the pulse width of the exciting light can be adjusted and is generally in the range of 10us to 1s, if a pulsed laser is used, the pulse width is very short (<10ns), the energy does not exceed 1mJ per pulse (>1ns pulse width), and it is suggested that the laser is carefully experimented with on human or animal, the semiconductor laser may be pulsed at 10us to 1s, with the light intensity controlled within 100mW/cm2 when exciting DL of human or animal, to avoid causing damage, therefore, selecting greater than 1mW/cm2 is difficult to measure because of the too small number of photons excited at lower intensities.
The spot area of the exciting light should correspond to the collecting hole of the excitation collecting optical fiber head, the spot diameter is 2 times of the hole diameter to obtain a uniform spot, in the case of single-path exciting light, the smaller the angle of the exciting light is, the better the angle of the collecting optical fiber is, to obtain a more uniform spot, if the included angle is too large (for example >30 degrees), the opposite side can be added with one path of exciting light to obtain a uniform spot.
The photon collector emits weak biological photons to a 4 pi solid angle isotropically after a biological sample is excited, and in order to collect the emitted biological photons as much as possible due to the very weak DL photons, the biological photons with a certain shape (generally circular or square) area need to be transformed into a rectangular slit area according to an aperture angle adapted by a spectrometer, a specially designed optical fiber bundle is adopted, and the area of the slit is equal to the area for collecting the biological photons.
A square (or rectangular) photon emission region is imaged on an input surface of a spectrometer through a double cylindrical mirror as shown in figure 3, in the figure, a light emitting surface of W0H 0 is imaged into a Wi Hi image after passing through CL1 and CL2, the magnification of CL1 on a light emitting object surface is Hi/H0, the magnification of CL1 on the light emitting object surface is Wi/W0, and the square shape of the object surface is converted into a long slit shape, so that the realization of spectrum division of the spectrometer is facilitated.
The larger the numerical aperture of the spectrometer is, the better the numerical aperture is, the more 0.2 is generally required, otherwise the number of collected photons is reduced, the collected SNR is reduced, a wide-spectrum blazed grating is recommended to be used, the efficiency of the whole instrument at 350-.
The photomultiplier tube must use a PMT with an area capable of collecting all the photons emitted by the slit, a 14mm long slit requires a 20mm diameter photocathode. Dark count of PMT <100cps, quantum efficiency at 350-850nm spectrum > 10.
The controller comprises control gas and system software, the control system is composed of a circuit with accurate time sequence control, receives commands and working parameters from the system software, and then controls the excitation light source, the spectrometer and the photoelectric pulse timing counting of the PMT according to the requirement of data acquisition to realize the control of the whole acquisition process.
The method requires data acquisition with time resolution less than 1us for one spectrum section, and can repeatedly excite and acquire data of the spectrum section so as to improve SNR of acquired data, and after the acquisition is completed, the rotating wheel of the spectrometer is controlled to rotate to the next spectrum section for acquisition.
The system software sets acquisition parameters: it is necessary to be able to set at least the spectral band acquired in one trial, and the central wavelength of each acquisition; excitation time per center wavelength, number of repeated excitations, start of acquisition time after excitation is turned off (us precision), acquisition gate width (ms level), detector acquisition times per gate, etc.
And then, issuing a collection instruction to the controller, receiving collected data continuously returned by the controller, and then calculating and combining the original data to form the central wavelength delay luminous curve to be displayed on a screen.
After the collection is finished, calculating the data of each scanned central wavelength curve by a deconvolution filtering method according to the collection parameters to obtain a correct spectrum delay luminescence curve.
Experiments prove that in the research of delayed luminescence, the excitation wavelength between 280nm and 532nm can generate larger excitation efficiency (quantum efficiency), generally, the excitation efficiency is higher due to the short wavelength and is over 600nm, and the efficiency of exciting the biophoton is very low.
If the excitation spectrum of the biological sample needs to be measured, a xenon lamp and a filter wheel are adopted to change the excitation wavelength or a tunable pulse laser is a good choice.
The invention can collect spectrum delay luminous curve, when exciting living organism, it is not suitable to use strong exciting light, in order to obtain more photon counting, it can use repeat exciting and collecting condition to collect more delay photons from biological sample to improve signal-to-noise ratio.
Typically, the biological delay is of the order of ms to s. For example, the luminescence of the finger belly is collected, and the luminescence is reduced to below 1/100 when the luminescence is reduced to 10us for 20ms approximately. The excitation pulse width can be set to 10ms, the collection gate width is 20ms, and photon counting is collected every 0.2ms within 20ms, so that 100 time intervals exist, the first time interval at the beginning can averagely receive pulses caused by 10 to 50 photons, and the last interval only collects less than 1 photon counting. Therefore, this collection can be repeated 50 times, each time with an interval of 50ms, so that under the collection condition, thousands of photons can be collected in the first time interval, and the quantum fluctuation (shot noise) is reduced.
Typically the delayed emission curve for each center wavelength is approximately hyperbolic.
By using the invention to filter and deconvolute the spectral data, the spectral response curve (same time interval of each wavelength delay curve) obtained by using a wider slit to collect the delayed luminescence photons is actually the convolution of the real spectral curve and the slit function. A deconvolution spectral reconstruction method is required to obtain a true spectral response curve.
The largest noise when measuring weak light is shot noise caused by quantum fluctuation. The amplitude of shot noise is proportional to the square root of the measured photon count, and therefore it is necessary to reduce the noise by increasing the actual measured photon count per time interval.
The calibration technology of the system adopts a wider slit, so that the error of the collected central wavelength is increased and needs to be corrected. And the spectral response curve of the whole system also needs to be corrected.
The invention adopts a special positioning pin method to correct the center wavelength. Because the slit of the input surface 6 of the spectrometer adopts the specially-made optical fiber, the slit is superposed with the original slit of the spectrometer when being fixed, the slit of the input surface is adjusted to the width less than 0.1mm when being corrected, on the output surface, as shown in FIG. 4a, a specially processed high precision panel, as shown in FIG. 4b, is first locked to the output surface of the spectrometer, the slit width is less than 0.1mm as the input slit, after the accurate spectrum correction of the halogen lamp, the wide slit panel of figure 4a is locked on the output surface of the spectrometer, because the two high-precision panels are provided with positioning holes at the two diagonal ends, the cylindrical positioning pin is inserted into the holes of the panels, simultaneously, the device is aligned with a bottom plate positioning hole processed by the spectrometer with the same high precision, realizes high-precision reset (the reset precision is less than 0.05mm), since the position of the two slits during processing is already determined, the center wavelengths of the two slits are equal if the narrow slit is just in the middle of the wide slit and parallel.
The present invention also proposes a spectral measurement method for biological delayed luminescence, as shown in fig. 5, comprising:
coupling light source signals with preset wavelengths by using optical fibers;
irradiating the coupled light source signal to a target organism, collecting DL photons excited by the coupled light source signal of the target organism, collecting the DL photons by using a special optical fiber bundle, and outputting a spectral image after splitting the collected DL photons;
and completing the spectral measurement of the biological delayed luminescence according to the spectral image.
Optionally, the predetermined wavelength range is 300-550 nm.
Optionally, the light intensity of the coupled light source signal is not more than 100mW/cm 2.
Compared with the existing filtering wheel type DL spectrum measuring system, the method has the advantages of capability of obtaining a DL photon fine spectrum delay curve and high measuring speed.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein. The scheme in the embodiment of the application can be implemented by adopting various computer languages, such as object-oriented programming language Java and transliterated scripting language JavaScript.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
While the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.
Claims (10)
1. A spectroscopic measurement system for delayed luminescence of a living being, the system comprising:
the excitation light source receives the pulse signal, controls the excitation light source to emit a light source signal with a preset wavelength according to the pulse signal, and couples the light source signal to the photon collection system by using an optical fiber;
the photon collector irradiates the coupled light source signal to the target organism, collects DL photons excited by the coupled light source signal of the target organism, collects the DL photons by using a special optical fiber bundle, and outputs a spectral image after splitting the collected DL photons;
and the controller outputs a pulse signal to control the exciting light source to emit a light source signal with a preset wavelength, receives the spectral image output by the photon collection system, and completes the spectral measurement of biological delayed luminescence according to the spectral image.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the predetermined wavelength is in the range of 300-550 nm.
3. The system of claim 1, the light intensity of the coupled light source signal not exceeding 100mW/cm 2.
4. The system of claim 1, the photon collector, comprising:
the excitation collecting head irradiates the coupled light source signal to the target organism and collects DL photons excited by the coupled light source signal of the target organism;
a special fiber bundle that collects DL photons;
a spectrometer, the spectrometer comprising:
an input port that receives the collected DL photons;
the rotating wheel is provided with a grating, and the grating is used for splitting the collected DL photons and outputting a spectral image;
the output port is connected with the spectral image;
a PMT tube that transmits the spectral image to the controller.
5. The system of claim 4, the spectrometer being a 1:1 imaging spectrometer.
6. The system of claim 4, the excitation collection head being a dual cylindrical mirror photon collection head.
7. The system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the spectrometer has a spectral measurement range of 350-850 nm.
8. A spectroscopic measurement method for bio-delayed luminescence, the method comprising:
coupling light source signals with preset wavelengths by using optical fibers;
irradiating the coupled light source signal to a target organism, collecting DL photons excited by the coupled light source signal of the target organism, collecting the DL photons by using a special optical fiber bundle, and outputting a spectral image after splitting the collected DL photons;
and completing the spectral measurement of the biological delayed luminescence according to the spectral image.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the predetermined wavelength is in the range of 300-550 nm.
10. The method of claim 8, the coupled light source signal having an optical intensity of no more than 100mW/cm 2.
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