CN112762061B - Device for inhibiting cavitation of suction surface of hydrofoil - Google Patents

Device for inhibiting cavitation of suction surface of hydrofoil Download PDF

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CN112762061B
CN112762061B CN202110013752.1A CN202110013752A CN112762061B CN 112762061 B CN112762061 B CN 112762061B CN 202110013752 A CN202110013752 A CN 202110013752A CN 112762061 B CN112762061 B CN 112762061B
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valve
channel
hydrofoil
spring
slide way
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CN112762061A (en
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胡常莉
张亮
傅琳琅
周毅
程诚
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/32—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
    • Y02T70/10—Measures concerning design or construction of watercraft hulls

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Details Of Valves (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for inhibiting cavitation of a suction surface of a hydrofoil, which consists of a valve, a spring, a valve channel, a slideway, a diversion channel and a pressure transmission hole; the valve can slide left and right under the action of the spring; the local pressure of the suction surface of the hydrofoil acts on the left side of the valve through the pressure transmission hole. When the local pressure of the suction surface of the hydrofoil is reduced to saturated vapor pressure, the left pressure of the valve is reduced, the valve slides leftwards under the action of spring force, so that the valve channel is communicated with the diversion channel, and water on the pressure surface is led to the suction surface through the channel due to pressure difference, so that the local pressure is increased, and cavitation is inhibited. The device has compact structure, small size and simple assembly with the hydrofoil, and can realize the effect of simultaneously inhibiting cavitation at a plurality of positions of the suction surface of the hydrofoil.

Description

Device for inhibiting cavitation of suction surface of hydrofoil
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hydraulic machinery design and manufacture, and particularly relates to a device for inhibiting cavitation of a suction surface of a hydrofoil.
Background
When the local pressure in the liquid is reduced to the local saturation vapor pressure, bubbles or voids are created within the liquid or at the liquid-solid interface, i.e., cavitation occurs. When the hydraulic machinery works, cavitation phenomenon often occurs on the suction surface of the blade, so that not only can hydrodynamic load of the blade be influenced, but also adverse effects such as vibration and cavitation can be brought, thereby reducing the working efficiency and shortening the service life of the hydraulic machinery. Therefore, research into cavitation suppression strategies has been a hot topic in the field of hydraulic machinery.
Hydrofoils are the fundamental model of hydraulic machinery blades, and relate to the application fields of civil ships, military ships, large-scale hydraulic facilities and the like. At present, the method for inhibiting the cavitation of the surface of the hydrofoil is mainly divided into two types, one is to change the pressure distribution by optimally designing the geometric line type of the airfoil so as to control the low-pressure area of the suction surface, the method has large workload in realization, and the linear optimized objective function is often not only used for inhibiting the cavitation, but also has a plurality of factors to be considered and has a certain limitation. The other is to increase the pressure of the suction surface of the wing section by means of some external devices and changing the structure of the wing section, so as to achieve the aim of inhibiting cavitation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for inhibiting cavitation of a suction surface of a hydrofoil.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a device for inhibiting cavitation of a suction surface of a hydrofoil comprises a first valve A, a second valve B, a first valve channel, a second valve channel, a diversion channel, a first spring, a second spring, a third spring, a fourth spring, a pressure transmission hole, a first slideway and a second slideway;
the first slide way and the second slide way are two rectangular cavity bodies which are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the device and are symmetrical up and down, the right sides of the two cavity bodies are overlapped with the wall surface of the device, a flow guide channel is arranged between the first slide way and the second slide way, and the flow guide channel is communicated with the first slide way and the second slide way;
the left sides of the first slide way and the second slide way are provided with pressure transmission holes, the pressure transmission holes are thin straight channels, the top ends of the pressure transmission holes are communicated with the external environment, the upper parts of the pressure transmission holes are connected with the second slide way through the channels, and the bottom ends of the pressure transmission holes are connected with the first slide way through the channels;
the first valve A is arranged in the first slide way and can move left and right along the first slide way, the right side of the first valve A is provided with a first valve channel which is vertical to the slide way, and the first valve channel is a circular channel; the second valve B is arranged in the second slide way and can move left and right along the second slide way, the right side of the second valve B is provided with a valve channel vertical to the second slide way, and the second valve channel is a circular channel;
the first spring device is arranged between the inner wall surface of the device and the wall surface of the first valve A; the second spring device is arranged between the inner wall surface of one side of the first slideway, which is close to the pressure transmission hole, and the wall surface of the first valve A; the third spring device is arranged between the inner wall surface of the device and the wall surface of the second valve B; the fourth spring device is arranged between the inner wall surface of one side of the second slideway, which is close to the pressure transmission hole, and the wall surface of the second valve B.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that: the generation of multiple cavitation can be effectively and simultaneously inhibited, and the influence of cavitation on the hydrofoils is reduced; the device has simple structure and can be matched with various wing profiles for use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a front cross-sectional view of an apparatus for inhibiting cavitation on a suction side of a hydrofoil.
FIG. 2 is a schematic top cross-sectional view of an apparatus for inhibiting cavitation of a suction side of a hydrofoil.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the appearance of an apparatus for inhibiting cavitation on the suction side of a hydrofoil.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a Clark-y airfoil three-dimensional twisted hydrofoil structure.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a device for inhibiting cavitation of a suction surface of a hydrofoil, which consists of a valve, a valve channel, a spring, a flow guide channel, a slideway and a pressure transmission hole; the valve can slide left and right under the action of the spring; the local pressure of the suction surface of the hydrofoil acts on the left side of the valve through the pressure transmission hole. When the local pressure of the suction surface of the hydrofoil is reduced to saturated vapor pressure, the left pressure of the valve is reduced, the valve slides leftwards under the action of spring force, so that the valve channel is communicated with the diversion channel, and water on the pressure surface is led to the suction surface through the channel due to pressure difference, so that the local pressure is increased, and cavitation is inhibited. The design principle of the invention is that the flow of fluid from the pressure surface to the suction surface is controlled according to the pressure change of the suction surface, so that the local pressure is improved. The invention aims to provide a device for controlling cavitation, which is used in combination with a hydrofoil, and can realize the effect of simultaneously inhibiting cavitation at a plurality of positions of the suction surface of the hydrofoil.
The structure and the working principle of the two groups of valves are the same. The two sides of the valve are respectively connected to the inner wall surface of the device through springs, and a welding mode can be adopted; the valve can slide left and right in the slideway due to the change of the stress on the left and right sides of the valve; the two groups of valves are respectively provided with a valve channel, and the inner diameter of the valve channel is the same as that of the diversion channel in the middle of the device.
The pressure transmission hole is a thin straight hole and is communicated with the left cavity of the two groups of valves and the suction surface of the hydrofoil; the cross section of the pressure transmission hole is circular, so that the pressure transmission hole is convenient to process and manufacture, and the length of the pressure transmission hole can be determined by the thickness of the wing profile to be matched; the pressure transmitting hole is relatively close to the diversion channel but not communicated with the diversion channel, and the purpose of the pressure transmitting hole is to accurately transmit the pressure of the suction surface to the left side surface of the valve in real time.
The hydrofoil is structured such that a hole is drilled on the suction surface of the hydrofoil, and the position of the hole can be arranged on the position where cavitation is easy to occur on the surface of the airfoil; the hole and the cavitation-inhibiting device are in threaded fit; the central axis of the hole can be perpendicular to the surface of the wing profile, or can form a certain angle with the surface of the wing profile, and the appearance shape and the size of the cavitation-inhibiting device are determined according to the size and the angle of the hole.
More specifically, the invention relates to a device for inhibiting cavitation of a suction surface of a hydrofoil, which comprises a first valve A, a second valve B, a first valve channel 1, a second valve channel 6, a diversion channel 3, a first spring 2, a second spring 9, a third spring 5, a fourth spring 7, a pressure transmission hole 8, a first slideway 10 and a second slideway 4.
The first slideway 10 and the second slideway 4 are respectively two rectangular cavity bodies which are dug at the upper end and the lower end of the device and are symmetrical up and down, the right sides of the two cavity bodies are overlapped with the wall surface of the device, and the left sides of the two cavity bodies are not overlapped with the wall surface of the device. A diversion channel 3 is arranged between the first slideway 10 and the second slideway 4, and the diversion channel 3 can be communicated with the first slideway 10 and the second slideway 4.
The left sides of the first slide way 10 and the second slide way 4 are provided with a pressure transmission hole 8, the pressure transmission hole 8 is a thin straight channel, the top end of the pressure transmission hole 8 is communicated with the external environment, the upper part of the pressure transmission hole 8 is connected with the second slide way 4 through the channel, and the bottom end of the pressure transmission hole 8 is connected with the first slide way 10 through the channel.
The first valve A is a cuboid object block capable of moving left and right along the first slideway 10, a valve channel 1 perpendicular to the slideway 10 is arranged on the right side of the first valve A, and the valve channel 1 is a circular channel. The second valve B is a cuboid object block capable of moving left and right along the second slideway 4, a valve channel 6 perpendicular to the second slideway 4 is arranged on the right side of the second valve B, and the valve channel 6 is a circular channel.
The first spring 2 is arranged between the inner wall surface of the device and the wall surface of the first valve A; the second spring 9 is arranged between the inner wall surface of one side of the first slideway 10, which is close to the pressure transmission hole 8, and the wall surface of the first valve A; the third spring 5 is arranged between the inner wall surface of the device and the wall surface of the second valve B; the fourth spring 7 is arranged between the inner wall surface of the side, close to the pressure transmission hole 8, of the second slideway 4 and the wall surface of the second valve B.
The first slide way 10 and the second slide way 4 are vertically symmetrical and are a cuboid cavity, the lower end face of the first slide way 10 and the upper end face of the second slide way 4 are not openings, but are thin layers with a round hole, and the size of the round hole is the same as the cross section area of the flow guide 3.
The cross section of the diversion channel 3 is the same as that of the two valve channels 1 and 6, the shape of the diversion channel is round, the size of the diversion channel is determined according to the size of a hydrofoil surface matched with the diversion channel, and the diameter of the diversion channel 3 is 5% -10% of the area of the upper surface and the lower surface of the device. The diversion channel 3 is located on the centre line of the device.
The first valve A and the second valve B are rectangular in appearance and are provided with valve channels 1 and 6 on one side. The cross-sectional area of the first valve a sums with the cross-sectional area of the first runner 10 and the cross-sectional area of the second valve B sums with the cross-sectional area of the second runner 4. The centers of the valve channels 1 and 6 are not more than 50% of the total length of the valves A and B respectively from the center of the valve A, B.
The first spring 2, the second spring 9, the third spring 5 and the fourth spring 7 are of the same size. And the spring pitch diameter is not smaller than the diameter of the channel communicating with the pressure transmission hole 8 and is not larger than the radial dimension of the first slideway 10 and the second slideway 4.
The relative distance between the flow guide channel 3 and the pressure transfer hole 8 is less than 5% of the total width of the hydrofoil relative to the characteristic dimension of the airfoil.
The diameter of the pressure transmitting hole 8 is very small relative to the characteristic size of the airfoil, and the flow of the outer flow field of the hydrofoil is not influenced, and the diameter of the pressure transmitting hole 8 is 10% of the diameter of the diversion channel 3.
The pressure and suction sides C, D of the device may be planar or micro-radian sides.
The device is cylindrical in shape, and when the device is assembled on an airfoil, a cavitation part is easy to produce on the suction surface C of the hydrofoil, and the position of the cavitation part is 1/3 of the chord length and is close to the front edge of the airfoil. The inner diameter of the hydrofoil hole is consistent with the outer diameter of the device, and a threaded fit mode can be adopted.
The thickness of the device is the same as that of the hydrofoil at the hydrofoil punching position.
The hydrofoil that can be used with the present device is characterized in that the hydrofoil can be any hydrodynamic mechanical blade having pressure and suction side characteristics.
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings.
The invention relates to a device for inhibiting cavitation of a suction surface of a hydrofoil, which consists of a first valve A, a second valve B, a first valve channel 1, a second valve channel 6, a diversion channel 3, a first spring 2, a second spring 9, a third spring 5, a fourth spring 7, a pressure transmission hole 8, a first slideway 10 and a second slideway 4.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the present invention relates to an airfoil and a device for inhibiting cavitation of a suction surface of the airfoil, wherein the device comprises a first valve a, a second valve B, a first valve channel 1, a second valve channel 6, a diversion channel 3, a first spring 2, a second spring 9, a third spring 5, a fourth spring 7, a pressure transmission hole 8, a first slideway 10 and a second slideway 4; c represents the pressure side and D represents the suction side.
One end of the first spring 2 is positioned on the right side surface of the first valve A, and the other end of the first spring is positioned on the inner wall surface of the device; one end of the spring 9 is positioned on the left side surface of the valve A, and the other end of the spring is arranged on the inner wall surface of the slideway 10 at one side of the pressure transmission hole 8; one end of the spring 5 is positioned on the right side surface of the second valve B, and the other end of the spring is arranged on the inner wall surface of the device; one end of the spring 7 is positioned on the left side surface of the valve B, and the other end of the spring is positioned on the inner wall surface of the slideway 4 at one side of the pressure transmission hole 8; the pressure transmitting holes are filled with water, and the pressure of the suction surface D of the hydrofoil can be respectively transmitted to the left sides of the first valve A and the second valve B through the pressure transmitting holes; the first valve a and the second valve B can slide left and right in the slideway 10 and the slideway 4 respectively.
The specific working process comprises the following steps:
the invention takes a three-dimensional twisted hydrofoil with a Clark-y airfoil profile as an example, and the working process of the cavitation-inhibiting device is described in detail. Punching holes at the position where cavitation is easy to occur on the suction surface of the three-dimensional twisted hydrofoil, wherein the holes and the cavitation-inhibiting device adopt a threaded matching mode.
Assuming that forces generated by the left side surfaces of the first valve A and the second valve B receiving the pressure of the suction surface D transmitted by the pressure transmitting hole 8 are F1 and F4, the directions are all rightward, and the left side spring pretightening forces of the first valve A and the second valve B receiving the left side spring pretightening forces are F2 and F5, respectively, and the directions are all rightward; the first valve A and the second valve B are respectively subjected to the pretightening force of a right spring F3 and F6, and the directions of the first valve A and the second valve B are leftwards; the friction force applied to the first valve A and the second valve B is fA and fB respectively, and the directions of the friction force and the friction force are opposite to the directions of movement of the valves.
When cavitation does not occur, the stress on the two sides of the first valve A and the second valve B respectively meets the following conditions: f (F) 1 +F 2 +f A
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
F 3 ，F 4 +F 5 +f B />
Figure 72689DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
F 6 At this time, neither the valve passage 1 nor the valve passage 6 is in communication with the diversion passage 3, and the fluid at the pressure surface C cannot flow onto the suction surface D.
When cavitation occurs, the left side forces F1 and F4 of the first valve a and the second valve B are reduced, when f1+f2+fa < F3, f4+f5+fb < F6, at this time, the first valve a and the second valve B slide leftwards, when an equilibrium state is reached, the valve channels 1 and 6 are communicated with the diversion channel 3, and under the action of pressure difference, fluid on the pressure surface C flows to the low pressure area of the suction surface D through the diversion channel 3, increasing the local pressure, thereby inhibiting cavitation. When the pressure of the suction surface D increases to a certain extent, the left side forces F1 and F4 of the first valve a and the second valve B increase again, and when the following conditions are satisfied: when F1+F2 > F3+fA and F4+F5 > F6+fB, the valve A and the valve B slide rightwards, and when the valve channels 1 and 6 are not communicated with the diversion channel 3, the fluid of the pressure surface C does not flow to the suction surface D. The device controls whether the fluid flows from the pressure surface C to the low-pressure area of the suction surface D through the diversion channel 3 according to whether cavitation occurs or not, is simple to assemble with the hydrofoil, and can achieve the effect of simultaneously inhibiting cavitation at a plurality of positions of the suction surface of the hydrofoil.
In summary, unlike the conventional external device with a complex structure, the device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, small size and easiness in matching with various airfoils, and can realize the effect of simultaneously inhibiting cavitation at multiple positions.

Claims (10)

1. A device for inhibiting cavitation of a suction surface of a hydrofoil, characterized by: the device comprises a first valve (A), a second valve (B), a first valve channel (1), a second valve channel (6), a diversion channel (3), a first spring (2), a second spring (9), a third spring (5), a fourth spring (7), a pressure transmission hole (8), a first slideway (10) and a second slideway (4);
the first slide way (10) and the second slide way (4) are two rectangular cavity bodies which are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the device and are vertically symmetrical, the right sides of the two cavity bodies are overlapped with the wall surface of the device, a flow guide channel (3) is arranged between the first slide way (10) and the second slide way (4), and the flow guide channel (3) is communicated with the first slide way (10) and the second slide way (4);
the left sides of the first slide way (10) and the second slide way (4) are provided with pressure transmission holes (8), the pressure transmission holes (8) are thin and straight channels, the top ends of the pressure transmission holes are communicated with the external environment, the upper parts of the pressure transmission holes (8) are connected with the second slide way (4) through the channels, and the bottom ends of the pressure transmission holes (8) are connected with the first slide way (10) through the channels;
the first valve (A) is arranged in the first slide way (10) and can move left and right along the first slide way (10), a first valve channel (1) perpendicular to the first slide way (10) is arranged on the right side of the first valve (A), and the first valve channel (1) is a circular channel; the second valve (B) is arranged in the second slide way (4) and can move left and right along the second slide way (4), a second valve channel (6) perpendicular to the second slide way (4) is arranged on the right side of the second valve (B), and the second valve channel (6) is a circular channel;
the first spring (2) is arranged between the inner wall surface of the device and the wall surface of the first valve (A); the second spring (9) is arranged between the inner wall surface of one side of the first slideway (10) close to the pressure transmission hole (8) and the wall surface of the first valve (A); the third spring (5) is arranged between the inner wall surface of the device and the wall surface of the second valve (B); the fourth spring (7) is arranged between the inner wall surface of one side of the second slideway (4) close to the pressure transmission hole (8) and the wall surface of the second valve (B).
2. A device for inhibiting cavitation of a suction surface of a hydrofoil according to claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the diversion channel (3) is the same as the cross section of the first valve channel (1) and the cross section of the second valve channel (6), the shapes of the diversion channel (3) are round, and the diameter of the diversion channel (3) is 5% -10% of the area of the upper surface and the lower surface of the device; the diversion channel (3) is positioned on the central line of the device.
3. A device for inhibiting cavitation of a suction surface of a hydrofoil according to claim 1, wherein: the first valve (A) and the second valve (B) are cuboid; the cross-sectional area of the first valve (A) and the cross-sectional area of the first slideway (10) are in sum, and the cross-sectional area of the second valve (B) and the cross-sectional area of the second slideway (4) are in sum; the center distances between the centers of the first valve channel (1) and the second valve channel (6) and the centers of the first valve (A) and the second valve (B) are not more than 50% of the total length of the first valve (A) and the second valve (B).
4. A device for inhibiting cavitation of a suction surface of a hydrofoil according to claim 1, wherein: the first spring (2), the second spring (9), the third spring (5) and the fourth spring (7) are the same in size; and the diameter of the spring is not smaller than the diameter of a channel communicated with the pressure transmission hole (8) and is not larger than the radial sizes of the first slideway (10) and the second slideway (4).
5. A device for inhibiting cavitation of a suction surface of a hydrofoil according to claim 1, wherein: the relative distance between the diversion channel (3) and the pressure transmission hole (8) is less than 5% of the total width of the hydrofoil.
6. A device for inhibiting cavitation of a suction surface of a hydrofoil according to claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the pressure transmission hole (8) is 10 percent of the diameter of the diversion channel (3).
7. A device for inhibiting cavitation of a suction surface of a hydrofoil according to claim 1, wherein: the pressure surface (C) and the suction surface (D) of the device are plane surfaces or surfaces with micro radians.
8. A device for inhibiting cavitation of a suction surface of a hydrofoil according to claim 1, wherein: the device is cylindrical, when assembled on the wing section, a hole is formed in a cavitation part which is easy to generate on the suction surface (C) of the hydrofoil, and the position of the hole is 1/3 of the chord length and is close to the front edge of the wing section; the inner diameter of the hydrofoil hole is consistent with the outer diameter of the device, and a threaded fit mode is adopted.
9. A device for inhibiting cavitation of a suction surface of a hydrofoil according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the device is the same as that of the hydrofoil at the hydrofoil punching position.
10. A device for inhibiting cavitation of a suction surface of a hydrofoil according to claim 1, wherein: the hydrofoil using the device is any hydraulic mechanical blade with pressure surface and suction surface characteristics.
CN202110013752.1A 2021-01-06 2021-01-06 Device for inhibiting cavitation of suction surface of hydrofoil Active CN112762061B (en)

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