CN112761724A - Monitoring method based on automatic tunnel monitoring system - Google Patents
Monitoring method based on automatic tunnel monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups
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Abstract
The invention provides a monitoring method based on an automatic tunnel monitoring system, wherein the monitoring system comprises a tunnel ballastless track structure settlement monitoring device, a tunnel structure horizontal displacement monitoring device, a monitoring base station and a control center, and the monitoring method comprises the following steps: s1, setting monitoring periods and monitoring frequencies of tunnel ballastless track structure settlement monitoring, tunnel structure settlement monitoring and tunnel structure horizontal displacement monitoring through a control center; s2, setting time at intervals in the set monitoring period; monitoring data are transmitted to a control center through a monitoring base station through a first total station and a second total station; and S3, when the control center monitors abnormal data, the control center sends out early warning to remind relevant departments of carrying out relevant processing. The invention has comprehensive monitoring data and reasonable monitoring point arrangement, and provides sufficient guarantee for tunnel safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel monitoring, in particular to a monitoring method based on an automatic tunnel monitoring system.
Background
Blasting is a technique that utilizes the effects of compression, loosening, destruction, throwing and killing of explosives in air, water, earth and stone media or objects due to explosion to achieve the expected purpose. When the explosive package or explosive charge explodes in earth and stone medium or structure, the earth and stone medium or structure generates the phenomena of compression, deformation, damage, loosening and throwing, and the explosive package or explosive charge is mainly used for earth and stone engineering, the demolition of metal buildings and structures and the like.
In tunnel construction, blasting operation is often performed, and the blasting operation may have adverse effects on an existing operating tunnel lining structure, so that monitoring of a tunnel is necessary. In the existing tunnel monitoring system, the monitoring data is incomplete, the monitoring data is single, and potential safety hazards or accidents which possibly occur cannot be analyzed and judged.
Based on the above, there is an urgent need for a monitoring method based on an automatic tunnel monitoring system, which can effectively and comprehensively monitor various parameters of the tunnel and can perform early warning analysis.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a monitoring method based on an automatic tunnel monitoring system, which analyzes and judges potential safety hazards or accidents which may occur by reasonably monitoring various parameters of a tunnel, so that the accidents are avoided, and the construction safety is ensured.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a monitoring method based on an automatic tunnel monitoring system comprises the monitoring system and the monitoring method;
the monitoring system comprises a tunnel ballastless track structure settlement monitoring device, a tunnel structure horizontal displacement monitoring device, a monitoring base station and a control center, wherein the tunnel ballastless track structure settlement monitoring device is characterized in that a pair of first total stations are arranged at two ends of a tunnel ballastless track at intervals of a set distance L1, the tunnel structure settlement monitoring device and the tunnel structure horizontal displacement monitoring device are respectively formed by arranging a pair of second total stations at two sides in a tunnel at intervals of a set distance L2, the second total stations are used for monitoring track structure settlement and tunnel structure horizontal displacement simultaneously, the control center is connected with the monitoring base station, and the monitoring base station is connected with the first total stations and the second total stations for communication transmission;
the monitoring method comprises the following steps:
s1, setting monitoring periods and monitoring frequencies of tunnel ballastless track structure settlement monitoring, tunnel structure settlement monitoring and tunnel structure horizontal displacement monitoring through a control center;
s2, setting time at intervals in the set monitoring period; monitoring data are transmitted to a control center through a monitoring base station through a first total station and a second total station;
and S3, when the control center monitors abnormal data, the control center sends out early warning to remind relevant departments of carrying out relevant processing.
Furthermore, the monitoring system also comprises tunnel blasting vibration speed monitoring, wherein the tunnel blasting vibration speed monitoring is that a vibration monitor is arranged on one side in the tunnel at intervals of a set distance L3 and is connected with a monitoring base station; the monitoring method comprises the following steps: setting a monitoring period and a monitoring frequency for monitoring the tunnel blasting vibration speed through a control center, and setting time at intervals in the set monitoring period; transmitting the monitoring data to a control center through a monitoring base station by a vibration monitor; when the control center monitors abnormal data, the control center sends out early warning to remind relevant departments to carry out relevant processing.
Further, the monitoring system also comprises tunnel stress monitoring, wherein the tunnel stress monitoring is that a pair of pressure sensors are arranged on two sides in the tunnel at intervals of a set distance L4, and the pressure sensors are connected with a monitoring base station; the monitoring method comprises the following steps: setting a monitoring period and a monitoring frequency of tunnel stress monitoring through a control center, and setting time at intervals in the set monitoring period; transmitting the monitoring data to a control center through a monitoring base station through a pressure sensor; when the control center monitors abnormal data, the control center sends out early warning to remind relevant departments to carry out relevant processing.
Furthermore, the monitoring system further comprises a tunnel three-dimensional laser scanning system, the tunnel three-dimensional laser scanning system comprises a FARO three-dimensional laser scanner, a mobile scanning trolley and a tablet personal computer, the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner is installed on the mobile scanning trolley, the tablet personal computer is connected with the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner and used for receiving data, and the mobile scanning trolley is used for moving in the test track and realizing full-automatic tunnel structure scanning and tunnel defect detection in the operation period through the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner.
Further, the scanning method of the mobile scanning trolley comprises the following steps: the scanning speeds V1 and V2 of the mobile scanning trolley for full-automatic structure scanning and tunnel disease detection are set through a tablet personal computer; when full-automatic structure scanning is carried out, the trolley moves in the test track at a set speed V1, scanning is carried out through a FARO three-dimensional laser scanner, and scanning data are wirelessly transmitted to a tablet personal computer to be recorded; when tunnel defect detection is carried out, the trolley moves in the test track according to the set speed V2, the scanning is carried out through the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner, and the scanning data are transmitted to the tablet personal computer through wireless transmission and recorded.
Furthermore, TSD tunnel three-dimensional scanning software is installed on the tablet personal computer, and the tablet personal computer is connected with the control center.
Furthermore, the monitoring system further comprises a monitoring reference point, and the monitoring reference point is located far away from the blasting influence deformation range and used for verifying the positions of the first total station and the second total station.
Further, the monitoring reference point uses the prism as the observation sign, the prism is fixed on the track board through drilling 2 phi 10 chemical anchor bolts on the track board, the bolt burial depth is 5-10 cm, the drilling diameter is 12mm, and double nuts are used.
Further, the settlement monitoring data of the first total station and the second total station adopt a precision photoelectric distance measuring triangulation elevation measuring method; the method specifically comprises the following steps: arranging an instrument at the point O for observation, observing the distance OA from the point O to the point A and the included angle between the OA' and the horizontal plane after the height difference of the point A is changed; the elevation change at point a is:
ΔH＝H′-H＝OA′sina′-OAsina；
precision photoelectric distance measurement triangle elevation measurement precision analysis
In the photoelectric distance measurement triangulation elevation measurement, the apparent distance is less than or equal to 100m, the depression angle is less than or equal to 10 degrees, and 2 loops are measured, and the error in the elevation is calculated for H (OAsina) according to the error propagation law:
assuming OA-D, then H-Dsina, yields:
since a total station with a ranging accuracy of 0.6mm +1ppm and an angle accuracy of 0.5 "is used, 2 returns are used, then:
then the error in elevation can be obtained:
then the error in elevation change:
as can be seen from the above formula, the requirement of secondary leveling is met, and the accuracy requirement can be met by adopting the above elevation measurement method.
Further, the specific method of the displacement monitoring data of the second total station is as follows: the monitoring is carried out synchronously with the settlement monitoring;
measuring the coordinates of each measuring point on the track through a second total station,
calculation principle of horizontal displacement:
assuming the numbers of the measuring points at the two ends are DM1 and DM2, the sections of DM1-DM2 can be expressed by the following linear equations:
a (XA, YA) is the point on the DM1-DM2 section, then the A-alignment distance is:
and the distance from the measuring point to the initial straight line is obtained through geometric relation conversion, the variation is obtained by subtracting the calculated value of each time from the calculated value of the previous time, and the accumulated variation is obtained by subtracting the calculated value of each time from the initial calculated value.
Has the advantages that: the invention has comprehensive monitoring data and reasonable arrangement of monitoring points, and provides sufficient guarantee for tunnel safety; the invention realizes automatic data acquisition and calculation, monitoring personnel do not need to enter the range of a line tunnel for operation, no interference and influence are generated on driving, and the potential safety hazards of driving and personal safety are eliminated. Meanwhile, the automatic monitoring system and the method can adjust the monitoring frequency at any time according to actual needs, realize the 24-hour real-time monitoring of the tunnel according to the frequency, and greatly improve the monitoring efficiency.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of distribution of a first total station for settlement monitoring of a ballastless track structure of a tunnel in a tunnel cross section according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of distribution of a second total station for monitoring settlement of a tunnel structure and monitoring horizontal displacement of the tunnel structure at a tunnel cross section according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of distribution of vibration monitors for monitoring tunnel blasting vibration velocity on a tunnel section according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of distribution of pressure sensors for tunnel stress monitoring on a tunnel section according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a first schematic diagram of the monitoring system of the present invention in a specific application;
FIG. 8 is a second schematic diagram of the monitoring system of the present invention in a particular application;
FIG. 9 is a third schematic view of the monitoring system of the present invention in a particular application;
FIG. 10 is a fourth schematic illustration of the monitoring system of the present invention in a particular application;
FIG. 11 is a fifth schematic illustration of the monitoring system of the present invention in a particular application;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a precision electro-optical ranging triangulation height measurement method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of calculation of horizontal displacement according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the mobile scanning cart according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic overall structure view of the connecting leg assembly of the embodiment of the present invention after deployment;
FIG. 16 is a schematic overall structural view of the linking bracket assembly of an embodiment of the present invention prior to deployment;
FIG. 17 is a partial overall structural schematic view of a lift assembly of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a partial structural view of the interior of the linking bracket assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 19 is an overall structural schematic diagram of a triangular driven wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The components in the drawings are labeled as follows: 1. a lifting assembly; 101. mounting a shell; 102. an installation port; 103. a linear motor; 104. a shock pad; 105. a lifting shaft; 2. a FARO three-dimensional laser scanner; 3. a carrier plate; 4. a connecting bracket assembly; 401. connecting an outer pipe; 402. a buffer protection layer; 403. a lubricating sleeve; 404. a telescopic column; 5. a limiting component; 501. a limiting female block; 502. a groove; 503. a wheel mounting groove; 504. limiting the sub-blocks; 505. a raised block; 506. a through hole; 507. locking the bolt; 6. a sheave assembly; 601. a driving wheel; 602. a connecting rod; 603. a triangular driven wheel; 604. an industrial wheel; 605. a triangular wheel disc frame; 606. a rubber air cushion ring.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Example 1
See fig. 1-19: a monitoring method based on an automatic tunnel monitoring system comprises the monitoring system and the monitoring method;
the monitoring system comprises a tunnel ballastless track structure settlement monitoring device, a tunnel structure horizontal displacement monitoring device, a monitoring base station and a control center, wherein the tunnel ballastless track structure settlement monitoring device is characterized in that a pair of first total stations are arranged at two ends of a tunnel ballastless track at intervals of a set distance L1, the tunnel structure settlement monitoring device and the tunnel structure horizontal displacement monitoring device are respectively formed by arranging a pair of second total stations at two sides in a tunnel at intervals of a set distance L2, the second total stations are used for monitoring track structure settlement and tunnel structure horizontal displacement simultaneously, the control center is connected with the monitoring base station, and the monitoring base station is connected with the first total stations and the second total stations for communication transmission;
the monitoring method comprises the following steps:
s1, setting monitoring periods and monitoring frequencies of tunnel ballastless track structure settlement monitoring, tunnel structure settlement monitoring and tunnel structure horizontal displacement monitoring through a control center;
s2, setting time at intervals in the set monitoring period; monitoring data are transmitted to a control center through a monitoring base station through a first total station and a second total station;
and S3, when the control center monitors abnormal data, the control center sends out early warning to remind relevant departments of carrying out relevant processing.
It should be noted that, the control center of this embodiment may implement 24-hour monitoring through the first total station and the second total station distributed at corresponding positions in the tunnel, and once a sudden change or an overrun condition occurs, the control center may issue an early warning in various forms, such as a short message, a sound, and a pop-up frame. In addition, the monitoring base station which is independently arranged is used as a signal transmission base station, so that a railway operation signal base station is not occupied, and the influence on railway operation is reduced; in addition, the monitoring period and the monitoring frequency of this embodiment may be set to 300 days, and the frequency monitored 4 times per day is monitored in real time, but the monitoring frequency may be adjusted according to real-time requirements.
In a specific implementation, the first total station and the second total station of the present embodiment may be come cards or solijia, which are full-automatic motor-driven total stations with high precision and excellent stability.
In a specific implementation, the monitoring system further comprises a tunnel blasting vibration speed monitor, wherein the tunnel blasting vibration speed monitor is that a vibration monitor is arranged on one side in the tunnel at intervals of a set distance L3 and is connected with a monitoring base station; the monitoring method comprises the following steps: setting a monitoring period and a monitoring frequency for monitoring the tunnel blasting vibration speed through a control center, and setting time at intervals in the set monitoring period; transmitting the monitoring data to a control center through a monitoring base station by a vibration monitor; when the control center monitors abnormal data, the control center sends out early warning to remind relevant departments to carry out relevant processing.
It should be noted that, the monitoring period and the monitoring frequency of this embodiment may be set to 50-300 days, and the frequency of monitoring 1 time per day is monitored in real time, and the monitoring frequency may be adjusted according to real-time requirements; in addition, the distribution of the vibration monitors can be closer to the explosion points, the more dense the vibration monitors are installed, and the more distant the vibration monitors are from the explosion points, the more dense the vibration monitors are installed.
In a specific implementation, the monitoring system further comprises tunnel stress monitoring, wherein the tunnel stress monitoring is that a pair of pressure sensors are arranged on two sides in the tunnel at intervals of a set distance L4, and the pressure sensors are connected with a monitoring base station; the monitoring method comprises the following steps: setting a monitoring period and a monitoring frequency of tunnel stress monitoring through a control center, and setting time at intervals in the set monitoring period; transmitting the monitoring data to a control center through a monitoring base station through a pressure sensor; when the control center monitors abnormal data, the control center sends out early warning to remind relevant departments to carry out relevant processing.
The monitoring period and the monitoring frequency of this embodiment can be set to 300 days, and the frequency monitored 4 times per day is monitored in real time, and the monitored frequency can be adjusted according to real-time needs.
In a specific implementation, the monitoring system further comprises a tunnel three-dimensional laser scanning system, the tunnel three-dimensional laser scanning system comprises a FARO three-dimensional laser scanner, a mobile scanning trolley and a tablet personal computer, the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner is mounted on the mobile scanning trolley, the tablet personal computer is connected with the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner and used for receiving data, and the mobile scanning trolley is used for moving in the test track and realizing full-automatic tunnel structure scanning and tunnel defect detection in an operation period through the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner; the scanning method of the mobile scanning trolley comprises the following steps: the scanning speeds V1 and V2 of the mobile scanning trolley for full-automatic structure scanning and tunnel disease detection are set through a tablet personal computer; when full-automatic structure scanning is carried out, the trolley moves in the test track at a set speed V1, scanning is carried out through a FARO three-dimensional laser scanner, and scanning data are wirelessly transmitted to a tablet personal computer to be recorded; when tunnel defect detection is carried out, the trolley moves in a test track at a set speed V2, and scanning data is transmitted to a tablet personal computer through a FARO three-dimensional laser scanner in a wireless mode and recorded; TSD tunnel three-dimensional scanning software is installed on the tablet personal computer, and the tablet personal computer is connected with the control center.
The embodiment can provide various visual analysis means for tunnel construction measurement, completion acceptance, detection and maintenance management. The tunnel space geometric dimension and the limit can be accurately and completely measured, the tunnel lining cracks, staggered platforms, falling blocks and other diseases and the generated space position can be detected, high-precision disease images and clearance convergence information are provided, and the tunnel surface flatness and section clearance are obtained.
It should be noted that the tunnel three-dimensional laser scanning system of the present embodiment has two field data scanning modes, which are respectively: disease scanning mode: in the disease scan mode, the acquisition of data is continuous. The method comprises the steps that a tester sets parameters such as acquired resolution, quality and trolley speed by using TSD software, a scanning trolley moves along a track to scan according to the set parameters, continuous space data in scanning mileage are obtained, and finally data such as tunnel section convergence, central axis, slab staggering, three-dimensional real models, boundary invasion, water seepage, segment breakage and rib leakage, coatings, cracks and water seepage are obtained. The speed can be freely selected between 80 and 1000m/h according to the fineness degree of the result. Section scanning mode: in a section scanning mode, a detector sets a 3.6km/h scanning speed by using TSD software, the interval scanning length and the section acquisition interval are set, a scanning trolley scanner scans along a set mileage section to acquire three-dimensional section data of a specified mileage section, and finally, data of radial convergence of any mileage section of a tunnel are obtained, wherein the data comprise ovality, a long axis, a short axis, a deflection angle, a horizontal clear line of any height of the section, a clear line of any height of a circle center, a height of a vertex, a coordinate of the circle center and the like.
See fig. 14-19: the mobile scanning trolley of the embodiment specifically comprises: the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner comprises two connecting bracket assemblies 4 and limiting assemblies 5, wherein the two connecting bracket assemblies 4 are transversely and symmetrically distributed, the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner 2 is installed between the two connecting bracket assemblies 4, the limiting assemblies 5 are respectively installed at two ends of each connecting bracket assembly 4, and pulley assemblies 6 are installed at the bottoms of the limiting assemblies 5;
connect bracket component 4 including connecting outer tube 401 and two and sliding respectively and wear to establish connect the flexible post 404 at outer tube 401's both ends, spacing subassembly 5 includes spacing female piece 501 and spacing subblock 504, spacing subblock 504 is fixed connect the tip of outer tube 401, spacing female piece 501 is fixed on flexible post 404, the middle part of spacing female piece 501 is provided with recess 502, the bottom of spacing subblock 504 is provided with protruding piece 505, recess 502 can be along with the slip of flexible post 404 and the joint is in outside protruding piece 505.
When the device is put into different tracks for use, the length of the telescopic column is adjusted according to the difference of the track width, and the telescopic column is tightened by the limiting assembly, so that the limiting sub-block at one end of the limiting assembly is fixed at the pipe orifice of the connecting outer pipe, and the limiting mother block at the other end of the limiting assembly is fixed on the track, thereby increasing the stability of the device structure, widening the application range of the trolley, and when the device is not used, the telescopic column is contracted, and the limiting sub-block and the limiting mother block are installed into a whole by the clamping adaptation of the convex block and the groove; place the action wheel on the track, the triangle of action wheel both sides is then placed subaerial from the driving wheel, and action wheel and triangle are mutually supported from the driving wheel, improve the steady degree that the device traveled, increase the effect of scanning monitoring, and the triangle can also realize climbing etc. function from the driving wheel simultaneously, satisfies the requirement of traveling of complicated topography, and the practicality is high.
In an embodiment, a lifting assembly 1 is connected to the bottom of the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner 2, a bearing plate 3 is longitudinally and centrally fixedly connected between the two connecting bracket assemblies 4, and the lifting assembly 1 is installed in the middle of the bearing plate 3. The design makes the device light and flexible in size and complete and stable in structure.
In an embodiment, the lifting assembly 1 includes a mounting shell 101, a linear motor 103 and a lifting shaft 105, the linear motor 103 is mounted inside the mounting shell 101, a shock pad 104 is laid on the bottom surface inside the mounting shell 101, a mounting opening 102 is centrally opened on the upper end surface of the mounting shell 101, the bottom of the lifting shaft 105 penetrates through the mounting opening 102 and is fixedly mounted with the linear motor 103, and the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the lifting shaft 105. Design like this, through installation shell 101 effectively protects linear electric motor 103 not impaired, linear electric motor 103 drive lift axle 105 realizes automatic lift from top to bottom, makes 360 degrees all-round comprehensive scanning monitoring from top to bottom is realized to FARO three-dimensional laser scanner 2, strengthens the scanning field of vision, shock pad 104 is right linear electric motor 103 plays the shock attenuation guard action, improves the installation of 1 top of lift subassembly the stationarity that FARO three-dimensional laser scanner 2 removed prevents that the shake of scanning in-process from influencing the quality of gained data.
In an embodiment, a buffer protection layer 402 is fixed on an inner circumferential surface of the connection outer tube 401, a lubrication sleeve 403 is fixed on an inner circumferential surface of the buffer protection layer 402, the telescopic column 404 is slidably mounted in the lubrication sleeve 403, the buffer protection layer 402 is filled with a sponge material, and the lubrication sleeve 403 is made of an electroplated metal material. Due to the design, the telescopic column 404 can freely extend and retract in the inner cavity of the connecting outer tube 401 and can move smoothly, the stability of the trolley in the running process can be improved, and the phenomenon that the scanning result of the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner 2 at the top end is influenced by the shaking of the connecting outer tube 401 can be prevented.
In an embodiment, the limiting sub-block 504 is provided with a through hole 506, the telescopic column 404 slides through the through hole 506, and the upper end of the limiting sub-block 504 is threadedly provided with a locking bolt 507 which can be screwed into the through hole 506 and tightly abut against the telescopic column 404. Due to the design, after the length of the telescopic column 404 is adjusted according to the width of the current track, a worker can limit and fasten the telescopic column 404 through the locking bolt 507, and accidental loosening is prevented.
In an embodiment, a wheel mounting groove 503 is formed at the bottom of the female limiting block 501, the pulley assembly 6 includes a connecting rod 602, a driving wheel 601 installed in the middle of the connecting rod 602, and two triangular driven wheels 603 installed at two ends of the connecting rod 602, respectively, the connecting rod 602 is rotatably installed on the female limiting block 501, and the driving wheel 601 is located in the wheel mounting groove 503. The design is like this, will the action wheel 601 places on the track, and the triangle from driving wheel 603 of action wheel 601 both sides then places subaerial, through action wheel 601 and triangle follow driving wheel 603 mutually support, improve the steady degree that the device traveles, increase the effect of scanning monitoring.
In one embodiment, the driven triangle wheel 603 includes a triangle wheel frame 605 and three industrial wheels 604 rotatably mounted on the triangle wheel frame 605 and distributed in an equilateral triangle. By the design, the triangular driven wheel 603 can realize climbing and other functions, the driving requirement of complex terrains is met, and the practicability is high.
In one embodiment, the industrial wheel 604 is a dual bearing design with a rubber air gasket 606 mounted around the periphery. The design is beneficial to improving the running stability of the trolley and the scanning accuracy.
In an embodiment, a driving motor for driving the driving wheel 601 to rotate is mounted on the limiting female block 501. By the design, the worker can control the trolley through remote intelligent equipment, such as a mobile phone or a computer, so that the driving motor is further controlled, and the driving trolley automatically runs or stops along the track.
In a concrete example, still include the monitoring benchmark, the monitoring benchmark is located and keeps away from blasting influence deformation range and is used for verifying the position of first total powerstation, second total powerstation, the monitoring benchmark uses the prism as observing the sign, the prism is fixed on the track board through drilling 2 phi 10 chemical anchor bolts on the track board, and the bolt burial depth is 5 ~ 1Ocm, and drilling diameter 12mm uses two nuts.
In a specific example, the settlement monitoring data of the first total station and the second total station adopt a precision photoelectric distance measurement triangulation height measurement method; the method specifically comprises the following steps: arranging an instrument at the point O for observation, observing the distance OA from the point O to the point A and the included angle between the OA' and the horizontal plane after the height difference of the point A is changed; according to fig. 12, the a point elevation change is:
AH＝H′-H＝OA′sina′-OAsina；
precision photoelectric distance measurement triangle elevation measurement precision analysis
In the photoelectric distance measurement triangulation elevation measurement, the apparent distance is less than or equal to 100m, the depression angle is less than or equal to 10 degrees, and 2 loops are measured, and the error in the elevation is calculated for H (OAsina) according to the error propagation law:
assuming OA-D, then H-Dsina, yields:
since a total station with a ranging accuracy of 0.6mm +1ppm and an angle accuracy of 0.5 "is used, 2 returns are used, then:
then the error in elevation can be obtained:
then the error in elevation change:
as can be seen from the above formula, the requirement of secondary leveling is met, and the accuracy requirement can be met by adopting the above elevation measurement method.
In a specific example, the displacement monitoring data of the second total station is specifically obtained by: the monitoring is carried out synchronously with the settlement monitoring;
referring to fig. 13: measuring the coordinates of each measuring point on the track through a second total station,
calculation principle of horizontal displacement:
assuming the numbers of the measuring points at the two ends are DM1 and DM2, the sections of DM1-DM2 can be expressed by the following linear equations:
a (XA, YA) is the point on the DM1-DM2 section, then the A-alignment distance is:
and the distance from the measuring point to the initial straight line is obtained through geometric relation conversion, the variation is obtained by subtracting the calculated value of each time from the calculated value of the previous time, and the accumulated variation is obtained by subtracting the calculated value of each time from the initial calculated value.
In addition, the number and the spacing distance of the monitoring points (the distribution of the first total station, the second total station, the vibration monitor, and the pressure sensor) may be determined according to actual construction and monitoring conditions.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A monitoring method based on an automatic tunnel monitoring system is characterized by comprising the monitoring system and the monitoring method;
the monitoring system comprises a tunnel ballastless track structure settlement monitoring device, a tunnel structure horizontal displacement monitoring device, a monitoring base station and a control center, wherein the tunnel ballastless track structure settlement monitoring device is characterized in that a pair of first total stations are arranged at two ends of a tunnel ballastless track at intervals of a set distance L1, the tunnel structure settlement monitoring device and the tunnel structure horizontal displacement monitoring device are respectively formed by arranging a pair of second total stations at two sides in a tunnel at intervals of a set distance L2, the second total stations are used for monitoring track structure settlement and tunnel structure horizontal displacement simultaneously, the control center is connected with the monitoring base station, and the monitoring base station is connected with the first total stations and the second total stations for communication transmission;
the monitoring method comprises the following steps:
s1, setting monitoring periods and monitoring frequencies of tunnel ballastless track structure settlement monitoring, tunnel structure settlement monitoring and tunnel structure horizontal displacement monitoring through a control center;
s2, setting time at intervals in the set monitoring period; monitoring data are transmitted to a control center through a monitoring base station through a first total station and a second total station;
and S3, when the control center monitors abnormal data, the control center sends out early warning to remind relevant departments of carrying out relevant processing.
2. The monitoring method based on the automatic tunnel monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that the monitoring system further comprises a tunnel blasting vibration speed monitor, wherein the tunnel blasting vibration speed monitor is characterized in that a vibration monitor is arranged on one side in the tunnel at a set distance L3, and the vibration monitor is connected with a monitoring base station; the monitoring method comprises the following steps: setting a monitoring period and a monitoring frequency for monitoring the tunnel blasting vibration speed through a control center, and setting time at intervals in the set monitoring period; transmitting the monitoring data to a control center through a monitoring base station by a vibration monitor; when the control center monitors abnormal data, the control center sends out early warning to remind relevant departments to carry out relevant processing.
3. The monitoring method based on the automatic tunnel monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring system further comprises tunnel stress monitoring, the tunnel stress monitoring is that a pair of pressure sensors are arranged on two sides in a tunnel at intervals of a set distance L4, and the pressure sensors are connected with a monitoring base station; the monitoring method comprises the following steps: setting a monitoring period and a monitoring frequency of tunnel stress monitoring through a control center, and setting time at intervals in the set monitoring period; transmitting the monitoring data to a control center through a monitoring base station through a pressure sensor; when the control center monitors abnormal data, the control center sends out early warning to remind relevant departments to carry out relevant processing.
4. The monitoring method based on the automatic tunnel monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring system further comprises a tunnel three-dimensional laser scanning system, the tunnel three-dimensional laser scanning system comprises a FARO three-dimensional laser scanner, a mobile scanning cart and a tablet computer, the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner is mounted on the mobile scanning cart, the tablet computer is connected with the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner for receiving data, and the mobile scanning cart is used for moving in the test track and realizing full-automatic tunnel structure scanning and tunnel defect detection in the operation period through the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner.
5. The monitoring method based on the automatic tunnel monitoring system according to claim 4, wherein the scanning method of the mobile scanning trolley comprises the following steps: the scanning speeds V1 and V2 of the mobile scanning trolley for full-automatic structure scanning and tunnel disease detection are set through a tablet personal computer; when full-automatic structure scanning is carried out, the trolley moves in the test track at a set speed V1, scanning is carried out through a FARO three-dimensional laser scanner, and scanning data are wirelessly transmitted to a tablet personal computer to be recorded; when tunnel defect detection is carried out, the trolley moves in the test track according to the set speed V2, the scanning is carried out through the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner, and the scanning data are transmitted to the tablet personal computer through wireless transmission and recorded.
6. The monitoring method based on the automatic tunnel monitoring system according to claim 4, wherein TSD tunnel three-dimensional scanning software is installed on the tablet personal computer, and the tablet personal computer is connected with the control center.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising a monitoring reference point located away from the blast effect deformation range for verifying the position of the first and second total stations.
8. The monitoring method based on the automatic tunnel monitoring system according to claim 7, wherein the monitoring reference point uses a prism as an observation mark, the prism is fixed on the track slab by drilling 2 chemical anchor bolts with the diameter of phi 10 on the track slab, the buried depth of the bolts is 5-10 cm, the diameter of the drilled holes is 12mm, and double nuts are used.
9. The automatic tunnel-based monitoring system monitoring method of claim 1, wherein settlement monitoring data of said first total station and said second total station is measured by using a precision electro-optical ranging triangulation height measurement method; the method specifically comprises the following steps: arranging a total station instrument at the point O for observation, observing the distance OA from the point O to the point A and the included angle between the horizontal plane, and observing the included angle between the OA' and the horizontal plane after the altitude difference of the point A is changed; the elevation change at point a is:
AH＝H′-H＝OA′sina′-OAsina；
precision photoelectric distance measurement triangulation height measurement precision analysis:
in the photoelectric distance measurement triangulation elevation measurement, the apparent distance is less than or equal to 100m, the depression angle is less than or equal to 10 degrees, and 2 loops are measured, and the error in the elevation is calculated for H (OAsina) according to the error propagation law:
assuming OA-D, then H-Dsina, yields:
since a total station with a ranging accuracy of 0.6mm +1ppm and an angle accuracy of 0.5 "is used, 2 returns are used, then:
then the error in elevation can be obtained:
then the error in elevation change:
as can be seen from the above formula, the requirement of secondary leveling is met, and the accuracy requirement can be met by adopting the above elevation measurement method.
10. The monitoring method based on the automatic tunnel monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the specific method of the displacement monitoring data of the second total station is as follows: the monitoring is carried out synchronously with the settlement monitoring;
measuring the coordinates of each measuring point on the track through a second total station,
calculation principle of horizontal displacement:
assuming the numbers of the measuring points at the two ends are DM1 and DM2, the sections of DM1-DM2 can be expressed by the following linear equations:
a (XA, YA) is the point on the DM1-DM2 section, then the A-alignment distance is:
and the distance from the measuring point to the initial straight line is obtained through geometric relation conversion, the variation is obtained by subtracting the calculated value of each time from the calculated value of the previous time, and the accumulated variation is obtained by subtracting the calculated value of each time from the initial calculated value.
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