CN112760567B - Steel plate with excellent toughness for high-speed train bogie and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Steel plate with excellent toughness for high-speed train bogie and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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Abstract
The invention provides a steel plate with excellent toughness for a high-speed train bogie and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the steel plate comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.071-0.091%, Si: 0.21-0.31%, Mn: 1.00-1.25%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.008%, Cr: 0.30-0.50%, Ni: 0.10-0.25%, Cu: 0.21% -0.41%, Zr: 0.01 to 0.04 percent, Nb: 0.015-0.045%, 0.020-0.040% of V, Ti: 0.01-0.02%, Al: 0.020-0.050% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; the thickness of the steel plate is 12-50 mm. The manufacturing method comprises smelting → continuous casting → slab stacking → slab heating → rolling → cooling; the steel plate for the high-speed train bogie produced by the invention has excellent weather resistance, cold forming performance, low-temperature toughness, welding performance and uniform and pure internal quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal materials, and particularly relates to a steel plate with excellent toughness of 12-50 mm for a high-speed train bogie and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The steel for the bogie frame in China mainly comprises Q345(l6Mn), Q345Q (16Mnq), 16MnR and the like, and Q345(16Mn) series steel plates are used as steel grades with stable mechanical property and welding property in bridges and rolling stocks for over ten years and are widely applied to other industries. However, with the continuous improvement of the requirements on the mechanical properties of the steel structure, the requirements on the welding performance of the steel are also continuously improved, and the steel has higher toughness.
Akv0 ℃ of the Japanese bogie frame steel SM490C and SM490YB is not less than 27.5J; german bogie steel ST52-3, according to DIN17100-80, Akv-20 ℃ is not less than 27.5J; the steel A42FP for the France bogie is specified by NFA37-205-83, and Akv-20 ℃ is more than or equal to 28J; the temperature difference of south and north areas in China is large, the lowest temperature in winter in many areas of the northwest and the northeast can reach below-40 ℃, and therefore the cold brittleness transformation temperature of the steel for the high-speed train bogie is required to be lower than-40 ℃. If Akv-40 ℃ is not less than 34 as an assessment index, 16MnR, Q345 and Q345Q are difficult to meet the use requirement, and the conditions show that the Q345 series steel is low in low-temperature impact toughness and has the brittle transition temperature of more than-40 ℃, and is difficult to adapt to important structures needing to be used below-40 ℃. Therefore, the development of the steel for the high-speed train bogie with excellent low-temperature toughness, weldability and weather resistance is urgently needed to meet the requirement of localization of high-speed train parts in China.
Although prior to the present invention, a number of patents have been published on steels for high speed train trucks, all of which are clearly distinct from the present invention, the following brief descriptions are directed to some of the more pertinent parts of the present invention:
the invention discloses weather-resistant steel for a railway bogie and a manufacturing method thereof (publication number: CN110592478A), which comprises the following components: c: 0.065% -0.075%, Si: 0.20-0.40%, Mn: 0.80% -1.25%, P: < 0.030%, S: < 0.010%, Cr: 0 to 0.30%, Ni: 0-0.40%, Cu: 0-0.40%, V: 0-0.04%, Ti: 0 to 0.020%, and Al: 0 or 0.010 percent to 0.050 percent; the balance of Fe and impurities; the carbon equivalent of the steel is less than 0.45, the metallographic structure is a mixed structure which takes fine ferrite as a matrix and evenly distributes pearlite, and the thickness specification range is 8-50 mm, and the steel for the bogie has the defects that the steel is in 355MPa grade and the requirement on impact toughness is-40 ℃.
The invention discloses a steel plate for a railway bogie Q345C and a manufacturing method thereof, which is disclosed in Japanese patent laid-open No. CN110846585A and comprises the following components: c: 0.08-0.12%, Mn: 1.2% -1.6%, Si: 0.20-0.40%, P: less than or equal to 0.030 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.010 percent, Nb: 0.010% -0.030%, Ti: 0.010-0.020%, Al: 0.010-0.050%, and the balance of Fe and impurities; a carbon equivalent of less than 0.44; the metallographic structure is a mixed structure of evenly distributed pearlite on a uniform and fine ferrite matrix; the disadvantage is that the product is in 345MPa grade and has no weather resistance.
The invention discloses steel for a bogie frame of a high-speed rail with 390 MPa-level yield strength and a preparation method thereof (publication number CN 110029279A). The steel for the bogie frame comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.07-0.12%, Mn: 0.50% -1.00%, Si: 0.15-0.35%, P is less than or equal to 0.020%, S is less than or equal to 0.01%, Ni: 0.20-0.50%, Cr: 0.30% -0.80%, Cu: 0.2-0.5%, Ti: 0.015% -0.025%, Nb: 0.01% -0.04%, V:0 to 0.07 percent of Ca and 0.001 to 0.002 percent of Ca. The balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. After smelting and casting the components, heating the components at 1200 ℃, carrying out hot processing to the required size, and then controlling and cooling. The microstructure of the steel is ferrite and pearlite, the yield strength is 390-460 MPa, the tensile strength is 520-620 MPa, the elongation after fracture is more than or equal to 20 percent, the V-notch impact energy at minus 40 ℃ is more than or equal to 120J, the carbon equivalent CEQ of the steel is less than or equal to 0.35, and the crack resistance sensitivity index Pcm is less than or equal to 0.20 percent; the invention has the defects that the impact energy of-40 ℃ required by the steel grade of the invention does not have the requirement on the impact toughness of-50 ℃, in addition, the weather resistance test method of the product adopts a salt spray test, and the weather resistance test can not accurately reflect the weather resistance of the product instead of the TB/T2375-93 commonly used by steel for railways.
The article: weathering steel S355J2W for a turning support of a Thang steel train is developed into a wide and thick plate [ J ]. 2013, 19(6):16-22. the weathering steel S355J2w is developed by adopting a microalloying technology and a rolling and cooling control process. The method is deeply researched and analyzed by means of mechanical detection, corrosion resistance test, an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope and the like. The result shows that all the mechanical properties of the steel plate meet the international standard requirements. The product specification disclosed in the paper is 12-16 mm, and most application requirements of the steel for the bogie cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems and the defects and provide a steel plate for a high-speed train bogie, which has the advantages that the yield strength is more than or equal to 390MPa, the tensile strength is 510-600MPa, the elongation after fracture is more than or equal to 23 percent, the average value of Akv at minus 50 ℃ is more than or equal to 170J, the zonal structure is less than or equal to 3.0 grade, the grain size of ferrite is more than or equal to 8.5 grade, A/B/C/D/DS of nonmetallic inclusions is less than or equal to 2.0 grade, and the corrosion rate of a 72h period infiltration corrosion test is less than 55 percent relative to the corrosion rate of Q345B under the condition of TB/T2375-93, and the steel plate has excellent toughness and a manufacturing method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the steel plate for the high-speed train bogie with excellent toughness comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.071-0.091%, Si: 0.21-0.31%, Mn: 1.00-1.25%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.008%, Cr: 0.30-0.50%, Ni: 0.10-0.25%, Cu: 0.21% -0.41%, Zr: 0.01 to 0.04 percent, Nb: 0.015-0.045%, 0.020-0.040% of V, Ti: 0.01-0.02%, Al: 0.020-0.050% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The steel plate for the high-speed train bogie with excellent toughness has a thickness of 12-50 mm.
The steel plate for the high-speed train bogie with excellent toughness has a microstructure which is uniform polygonal ferrite and a small amount of pearlite structure, the grain size of the ferrite is more than 8.5 grade, and the steel plate has excellent strong plasticity and low-temperature toughness matching.
The invention has the following design reasons:
c: the steel is the most effective solid solution strengthening element in steel, the strength of the steel plate can be obviously improved, the higher C content is unfavorable for the weldability, impact toughness, plasticity and weather resistance of the steel plate, but the too low carbon content not only causes the too low strength, but also increases the smelting cost. Therefore, the reasonable design of the C content is necessary, and the C content is controlled to be 0.071-0.091 percent.
Si: has moderate solid solution strengthening effect, can improve the strength, is a main deoxidizing element in the steelmaking process, reduces the plasticity and the toughness of steel due to over high content of the deoxidizing element, increases surface iron scale, is not easy to remove, and has the content controlled at 0.21-0.31 percent.
Mn: the important solid solution strengthening element can improve the strength, improve the stability of austenite and improve the hardenability. However, too high manganese content tends to induce slab segregation, adversely affects strip structure control, and also causes deterioration in weldability and toughness in weld heat affected zone. The manganese content is controlled to be 1.00-1.25%.
P: is one of the most effective alloy elements for improving the atmospheric corrosion resistance of the steel, and the phosphorus is easy to segregate, increases the cold brittleness of the steel, is not beneficial to low-temperature toughness, and deteriorates the weldability and cold formability of the steel plate. Considering the steel-making operability and the steel-making cost, the content of the phosphorus is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.0150 percent.
S: is a harmful element in steel, causes the steel to generate hot brittleness, reduces the ductility and toughness of the steel, deteriorates the weldability and atmospheric corrosion resistance, and controls the content of the harmful element to be less than or equal to 0.008 percent.
Cr: important solid solution elements, the strengthening effect is slightly weaker than manganese. Important atmospheric corrosion resistant elements can form a compact oxidation film on the surface of a matrix in the corrosion process of the steel plate, improve the passivation capability of the steel, and have an outstanding effect when being matched with copper. The content of chromium is controlled between 0.30 percent and 0.50 percent.
Cu: the method is characterized in that the atmospheric corrosion resistance of steel is improved, the most common alloy elements are used, but copper is easy to enrich in grain boundaries to cause copper brittleness, so that net cracks are generated on the surface of a steel plate, and copper has certain solid solution and precipitation strengthening effects. The content is controlled to be 0.21-0.41%.
Ni: the low-temperature impact toughness of the steel plate is improved, corrosion of chloride ions to steel can be inhibited, the nickel/copper ratio is above 1/2, and the hot brittleness caused by copper in the steel can be effectively improved. An increased nickel content increases costs and affects welding performance. The content is controlled to be 0.10-0.25%.
Zr: belongs to IVB group, is refractory and high temperature resistant, is a strong carbonitride forming element, prevents austenite grains from growing in the soaking and reheating processes of the formed carbonitride, refines the austenite grains, can obtain ultrafine grains even if deformed in a high-temperature austenite recrystallization zone, and improves the impact toughness. Zirconium forms a strong oxide film ZrO on its surface exposed to air when heated 2 It is this film that makes the zirconium-containing steel plate possess excellent corrosion resistance. The zirconium element can effectively promote the formation of acicular ferrite and obviously improve the toughness of the welding seam. The smelting difficulty and the cost are increased due to the excessive zirconium content, and the content of the zirconium is controlled to be 0.01-0.04%.
Nb: is a strong carbide forming element, can strongly inhibit the growth of crystal grains in the recrystallization process, and can form fine carbide particles, refine the crystal grains, generate precipitation strengthening effect and obviously improve the strength of the steel plate. The content of niobium is controlled between 0.015 percent and 0.040 percent.
V: the effect of refining grains is slightly weaker than that of niobium, so that the strength can be improved, and the hardenability of austenite is improved. Too high a content results in an increase in the size and number of precipitates, which lowers the impact toughness. The content is controlled to be 0.020-0.040%.
Ti: the titanium-containing steel is a strong carbonitride forming element, the dissolution and precipitation temperature is high, the effect of preventing austenite grains from growing during heating is remarkable, and the impact toughness of a heat affected zone during steel welding can be effectively improved by adding a proper amount of titanium element into steel. The titanium content is controlled between 0.01 percent and 0.02 percent.
Al: is a deoxidizer in steel, can effectively refine grains and improve the toughness of steel. The combination with N into AlN may reduce or completely eliminate both aging phenomena that occur at lower temperatures. The aluminum content is controlled to be 0.020-0.050%.
The second technical scheme of the invention is to provide a manufacturing method of a steel plate for a high-speed train bogie with excellent toughness, which comprises smelting → continuous casting → slab stacking → slab heating → rolling → cooling;
(1) smelting: the refining time is controlled to be 69-79min through converter smelting and LF and RH refining so that the non-metallic inclusions can fully float upwards and the content of less inclusions in the molten steel is ensured. And in the continuous casting process, a dynamic soft reduction and electromagnetic stirring process is adopted, so that segregation is reduced, the quality of a casting blank is improved, and the level of a banded structure of a finished terminal product is ensured.
(2) Heating the plate blank: the slab is heated after being cleaned and then is heated in a furnace, and the heating temperature is as low as possible under the premise of ensuring the material to be uniform in austenitizing so as to reduce the growth of austenite grains in the heating process. Considering the dissolving and precipitating behaviors of carbon, nitride such as niobium, vanadium, titanium and the like, controlling the heating temperature of the plate blank to be 1220-1250 ℃; the soaking period is not less than 50min, the steel billet is ensured to be uniformly sintered, the total heating time is more than 160min, and the reasonable heating temperature and heating time can effectively ensure the solid solution effect of alloy elements and the uniformity of the alloy elements distributed in the billet.
(3) Rolling: two-stage controlled rolling is adopted during rolling, the rolling finishing temperature of the first stage is 1080-1140 ℃, and the steel plate is rolled in a recrystallization state; the second stage has initial rolling temperature lower than 986 deg.c, final rolling temperature of 788-846 deg.c and rolling rate of 66-71%, and the fine and homogeneous crystal grain size may be obtained.
(4) And (3) cooling: and cooling by adopting a front section cooling mode after rolling, controlling the cooling speed at 10-15 ℃/s to lighten the banded structure, then cooling in a slow cooling tank for not less than 24h, reducing the internal stress uniform structure, and ensuring the flaw detection qualification rate of the steel plate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the yield strength of the steel plate for the high-speed train bogie produced by applying the chemical components, smelting, continuous casting and rolling is more than or equal to 390MPa, the tensile strength is 510-plus 600MPa, the elongation after fracture is more than or equal to 23 percent, the average value of-50 ℃ transverse Akv is more than or equal to 170J, the banded structure is less than or equal to 3.0 grade, the grain size of ferrite is more than or equal to 8.5 grade, A/B/C/D/DS of non-metallic inclusions is less than or equal to 2.0 grade, the 72h cycle infiltration corrosion test is less than 55 percent relative to the Q345B corrosion rate under the TB/T2375 condition, and the steel plate has excellent weather resistance, the cold forming performance, the low-temperature toughness, the welding performance and the uniform and pure internal quality completely meet the requirements of huge temperature difference in south-north regions, corrosion conditions of different climates in different regions and complex and various running road conditions in China, ensure the running quality and the running safety of high-speed trains, and are applied to high-speed trains and various subway vehicles in batches.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a gold phase diagram of a microstructure according to example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
According to the component proportion of the technical scheme, the embodiment of the invention performs smelting → continuous casting → slab stacking → slab heating → rolling → cooling.
(1) Heating the plate blank: the heating temperature of the plate blank is controlled to be 1220-1250 ℃; the soaking time is not less than 50min, and the total heating time is more than 160 min;
(2) rolling: two-stage controlled rolling is adopted during rolling, and the rolling finishing temperature of the first stage is 1080-1140 ℃; the second stage rolling temperature is less than 986 ℃, the finishing temperature is controlled to be 788-846 ℃, and the reduction rate is controlled to be 66-71%;
(3) and (3) cooling: and cooling by adopting a front-section cooling mode after rolling, controlling the cooling speed at 10-15 ℃/s, and then cooling for 24h in a slow cooling groove.
The smelting process specifically comprises the following steps: smelting by a converter, refining by LF and RH, and controlling the refining time to be 69-79 min.
The composition of the steels of the examples of the invention is shown in Table 1. The main process parameters of the steel of the embodiment of the invention are shown in Table 2. The properties of the steels of the examples of the invention are shown in Table 3. The microstructure of the steel of the examples of the present invention is shown in Table 4. The results of the periodic steel infiltration corrosion test of the examples of the present invention are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 1 composition (wt%) of steels of examples of the present invention
TABLE 2 Main Process parameters of the steels of the examples of the invention
TABLE 3 Properties of steels of examples of the invention
TABLE 4 microstructure of inventive example steels
TABLE 5 periodic infiltration Corrosion test results of the invention
| Examples | Corrosion rate (g/m) 2 .h) | Relative Q345 Corrosion Rate |
| Q345B | 4.0313 | 100 |
| 1 | 1.9863 | 49.3％ |
| 2 | 2.0845 | 51.7％ |
| 3 | 2.1168 | 52.5％ |
| 4 | 2.1502 | 53.3％ |
| 5 | 2.0904 | 51.9％ |
| 6 | 2.1393 | 53.1％ |
| 7 | 2.1087 | 52.3％ |
| 8 | 2.1463 | 53.2％ |
| 9 | 2.0231 | 50.2％ |
| 10 | 1.9909 | 49.4％ |
Remarking: corrosion test conditions: soaking for 72h period under TB/T2375 condition
In order to express the present invention, the above embodiments are properly and fully described by way of examples, and the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and those skilled in the relevant art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made by the persons skilled in the relevant art should be included in the protection scope of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (3)
1. The steel plate for the high-speed train bogie with excellent toughness comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.071-0.091%, Si: 0.21-0.31%, Mn: 1.00-1.25%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.008%, Cr: 0.30-0.42%, Ni: 0.10-0.17%, Cu: 0.21% -0.41%, Zr: 0.01 to 0.04 percent, Nb: 0.031-0.045%, 0.020-0.040% of V, Ti: 0.01-0.02%, Al: 0.020-0.050% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; the nickel/copper ratio is above 1/2; the microstructure of the steel plate for the high-speed train bogie with excellent toughness is uniform polygonal ferrite and a small amount of pearlite structure, and the grain size of the ferrite is above 8.5 grade;
the preparation method of the steel plate with excellent toughness for the high-speed train bogie comprises smelting → continuous casting → slab stacking → slab heating → rolling → cooling;
(1) heating the plate blank: the heating temperature of the plate blank is controlled to be 1220-1250 ℃; the soaking time is not less than 50min, and the total heating time is more than 160 min;
(2) rolling: two-stage controlled rolling is adopted during rolling, and the rolling finishing temperature of the first stage is 1080-1140 ℃; the initial rolling temperature of the second stage is 958-986 ℃, the final rolling temperature is controlled at 788-846 ℃, and the reduction rate is controlled at 66-71%;
(3) and (3) cooling: immediately cooling by adopting a front-section cooling mode after rolling, controlling the cooling speed at 10-15 ℃/s, and then cooling for not less than 24h in a slow cooling groove.
2. The steel plate for a high-speed train bogie having excellent toughness according to claim 1, wherein the steel plate for a high-speed train bogie having excellent toughness has a thickness of 12 to 50 mm.
3. The preparation method of the steel plate for the high-speed train bogie with excellent toughness as claimed in claim 1, wherein the smelting process specifically comprises the following steps: smelting in a converter, and refining in LF and RH, wherein the refining time is controlled to be 69-79 min.
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| CN103160753B (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2015-12-09 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | A kind of containing Zr corrosionproof steel against sulfuric acid at dew point plate and manufacture method thereof |
| CN109811260A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-05-28 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of extremely cold area wear-resisting steel plate and manufacturing method |
| CN109811259A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-05-28 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of ultralow temperature wear-resisting steel plate and manufacturing method |
| CN110629114A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2019-12-31 | 山东钢铁集团日照有限公司 | Low-cost high-strength high-toughness bridge steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN110846585B (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2021-09-17 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | Q345C steel plate for railway bogie and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN111455257A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-07-28 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | Control method of steel inclusion for railway bogie |
| CN111519094A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-11 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | Steel for railway bogie and preparation method thereof |
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