CN112748146A

CN112748146A - Freeze-thaw cycle experimental device capable of considering stress and moisture content coupling

Info

Publication number: CN112748146A
Application number: CN202011547461.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴向东; 邓伟杰; 付健; 李禄禄; 于洋; 郭冲
Original assignee: Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co Ltd
Current assignee: Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-12-24
Filing date: 2020-12-24
Publication date: 2021-05-04
Anticipated expiration: 2040-12-24
Also published as: CN112748146B

Abstract

The invention discloses a freeze-thaw cycle experimental device capable of considering stress and moisture content coupling, which comprises an experimental box, a plurality of pressurizing systems, a test piece arranged in the pressurizing systems, and a vacuum electroosmosis system, wherein the vacuum electroosmosis system is used for forming seepage in the test piece through electrophoresis under the action of current so as to change the moisture content of the test piece in the process of freeze-thaw cycle; a temperature control system; and the data acquisition system is electrically connected with the pressurization system, the temperature control system and the vacuum electroosmosis system. The invention aims to provide a freeze-thaw cycle experimental device capable of considering the coupling of stress and water content.

Description

Freeze-thaw cycle experimental device capable of considering stress and moisture content coupling

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of experimental equipment in geotechnical engineering, in particular to a freeze-thaw cycle experimental device capable of considering the coupling of stress and water content.

Background

China has abundant land resources and complex geological conditions. Seasonal frozen soil is a typical geological condition, occupies about 53 percent of the soil area in China, and is a soil body which is frozen in winter and melted in summer. With the improvement of economic strength and the improvement of scientific technology in China, some projects are inevitably built in seasonally frozen soil areas. Under the action of long-term dry-wet cycle and freeze-thaw cycle, the physical and mechanical properties of soil body of seasonal frozen soil can be changed continuously, and problems of uneven settlement of foundation, slurry turning and cracking of roadbed and the like can be caused in severe cases, thereby bringing great potential safety hazard to engineering construction. Therefore, it is necessary to research the freezing and thawing process of the seasonally frozen soil and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil after freezing and thawing.

At present, a freeze-thaw testing machine is a device commonly used for performing a freeze-thaw cycle test in a laboratory, multiple freeze-thaw cycles are performed on a test piece through methods such as air-freeze water thawing or water-freeze water thawing, and then the test piece is taken out for a physical mechanical experiment. The device has a plurality of defects, such as that after the test piece is melted by water bath, the test piece is always in a saturated state when the test piece is frozen again; the test piece is in a free state in the freeze-thaw cycle process and is not stressed; the expansion force in the frost heaving process is not measured, and the like, which are greatly different from the actual situation. In practical situations, seasonally frozen soil is mostly frozen in winter and melted in summer, and the surface layer is mostly 1-3 m thick soil layer. The surface soil is subjected to a long dry season before freezing, the water content of the soil body is low, and the surface soil is generally not saturated soil. In addition, the soil body is under the stress action of the upper part and the surrounding soil body and is in different stress states, and the frost heaving process is restrained by the surrounding soil body, so that a certain expansion force can be generated.

Therefore, in order to carry out more real experimental simulation on the freezing-thawing cycle process of the seasonal frozen soil, the research on the freezing-thawing cycle experimental device which can consider the coupling of stress and water content is of great significance.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a freeze-thaw cycle experimental device capable of considering stress and moisture content coupling, which is used for solving the problem that the moisture content change and stress state in the natural freeze-thaw cycle process are not subjected to simulation test in the conventional freeze-thaw cycle experimental device.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions, wherein a freeze-thaw cycle experimental apparatus capable of considering the coupling of stress and moisture content, and a freeze-thaw cycle experimental apparatus capable of considering the coupling of stress and moisture content, includes an experimental box, and further includes:

the pressurizing systems are arranged in the experiment box, test pieces are arranged in the pressurizing systems, and each test piece is fixed by one set of pressurizing system;

a vacuum electroosmotic system, comprising: the anode electrode plates and the cathode electrode plates are in one-to-one corresponding contact with the test pieces in the pressurizing systems and are used for forming seepage in the test pieces through electrophoresis under the action of current so as to change the water content of the test pieces in the freeze-thaw cycle process;

the temperature control system is connected with the experimental box;

the data acquisition system comprises a plurality of data acquisition sensors, the data acquisition sensors are arranged in the experimental box and the pressurization system, and the data acquisition system is electrically connected with the pressurization system, the temperature control system and the vacuum electroosmosis system.

Preferably, the experimental box comprises:

the experimental box comprises an experimental box outer box, wherein an experimental box inner box is arranged in the experimental box outer box, and a heat insulation layer is arranged between the experimental box outer box and the experimental box inner box;

an experiment box cover is arranged at the upper end of the experiment box outer box, and double-layer sealing rings are arranged at the contact positions of the upper ends of the experiment box outer box and the experiment box inner box and the experiment box cover;

the upper surface of the experimental box cover is provided with an experimental box cover handle and a vacuum valve, and the vacuum valve is communicated with the experimental box inner box.

Preferably, the pressurization system comprises: the upper cover plate, the lower cover plate, the frame upright post, the circular sleeve and the screw rod;

one end of each of the four frame upright posts is fixedly connected with the inner bottom wall of the experimental box, four corners of the lower-layer cover plate are respectively and fixedly connected with the lower parts of the four frame upright posts through bolts, and four corners of the upper-layer cover plate are respectively and fixedly connected with the upper parts of the four frame upright posts through bolts;

the circular sleeve is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the lower cover plate, an insulating layer is adhered inside the circular sleeve, and the test piece is placed in the circular sleeve;

the screw rod is fixed at the central position of the upper cover plate, the screw rod, the force sensor and the anode electrode plate are sequentially and fixedly connected onto one axial line, the anode electrode plate is controlled to move up and down by rotating the screw rod, the stress state of the test piece in the freeze-thaw cycle process is further controlled, and the stress between the screw rod and the anode electrode plate is tested by the force sensor.

Preferably, the vacuum electroosmosis system includes: a plurality of anode electrode plates, a plurality of cathode electrode plates, an electroosmosis device, a rectifier and an air and water extraction pump;

the round sleeve, the screw rods, the force sensors, the anode electrode plates and the cathode electrode plates are in one-to-one correspondence, and the anode electrode plates are arranged at the upper part in the round sleeve; the cathode electrode plate is arranged at the bottom in the circular sleeve, a test piece is arranged between the cathode electrode plate and the anode electrode plate, and the upper end and the lower end of the test piece are respectively contacted with the anode electrode plate and the inner surface of the cathode electrode plate;

the electroosmosis device and the rectifier are arranged at the lower part in the experimental box, the rectifier is electrically connected with the electroosmosis device, and the anode and the cathode of the electroosmosis device are respectively electrically connected with the anode electrode plate and the cathode electrode plate;

the vacuum electroosmosis system further comprises: a water pumping pipeline, a water inlet valve, a floor drain, a water drainage pipeline and a water drainage valve;

the air-extracting water pump is arranged outside the experiment box, the input end of the air-extracting water pump is connected with an external water source through a water pumping pipeline, the output end of the air-extracting water pump is connected with a water inlet pipeline, the air-extracting water pump is communicated with the inside of the experiment box through the water inlet pipeline, and a water inlet valve is arranged on the water pumping pipeline;

the floor drain sets up bottom in the experimental box, drainage pipe one end with the floor drain is connected, the drainage pipe other end is located the experimental box outside, set up the drainage valve on the drainage pipe.

Preferably, the temperature control system includes: the air conditioner comprises an air conditioner device, an air conditioner air outlet and an electric heating wire;

air conditioner device sets up the experiment case is outside, air outlet sets up inside the experiment case, air outlet pass through air pipe with air conditioner device connects, the heating wire sets up inside the experiment case.

Preferably, the plurality of data acquisition sensors includes: the force sensor, the volume water content sensor, the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are arranged on the base; the data acquisition system further comprises: the temperature gauge, the pressure gauge, the data acquisition device and the control panel are arranged on the control panel;

the outer wall of the circular sleeve is provided with a plurality of volume water content sensors at equal intervals, probes of the volume water content sensors penetrate through the outer wall of the circular sleeve and are inserted into the test piece, the temperature sensors are arranged on the inner side wall of the experiment box, the thermometer is arranged outside the experiment box, the temperature sensors are electrically connected with the thermometer, the pressure sensors are arranged on the inner side wall of the experiment box, the pressure gauge is arranged outside the experiment box, and the pressure sensors are electrically connected with the pressure gauge;

the data acquisition device is arranged outside the experimental box, and the data acquisition device is respectively electrically connected with the force sensor, the volume water content sensor, the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the control panel and the electroosmosis device.

Preferably, a plurality of through holes are formed in the surfaces of the circular sleeve, the lower cover plate, the insulating layer, the anode electrode plate and the cathode electrode plate;

the anode electrode plate and the cathode electrode plate are both made of graphite materials.

Preferably, the experiment case outer box below still sets up supplementary drainage device, supplementary drainage device includes:

the motor box is arranged below the outer box of the experiment box, a cavity is arranged in the motor box, a first motor is arranged in the cavity, the right side of the first motor is fixedly connected with the right side wall of the cavity, the left end of the first motor is provided with an output shaft, and one end of the output shaft, far away from the first motor, is rotatably connected with the left side wall of the cavity;

the roller is arranged on the output shaft, the inner wall of the roller is fixedly connected with the outer ring of the output shaft, and a first sliding groove is formed in the surface of the roller in an inclined mode;

the second sliding groove is formed in the upper surface of the motor box and is positioned right above the roller, the outside of the motor box is communicated with the cavity through the second sliding groove, a connecting column is connected in the second sliding groove in a sliding mode, one end of the connecting column extends into the first sliding groove and is connected with the first sliding groove in a sliding and meshing mode, the other end of the connecting column penetrates through the inside of the second sliding groove and extends to the upper portion of the motor box, a second sliding block is arranged, and the bottom surface of the second sliding block is connected with the upper surface of the motor box in a sliding mode;

the fifth fixing block is arranged on the right side of the upper end of the motor box;

the supporting plate is arranged between the motor box and the outer box of the experiment box, one end of the supporting plate is hinged with the fifth fixed block, the right end of the supporting plate is provided with a first baffle plate, the front end and the rear end of the supporting plate are provided with second baffle plates, the first baffle plate and the second baffle plates are mutually perpendicular, the first baffle plate and the second baffle plates are both perpendicular to the supporting plate, the two second baffle plates are respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side of the outer box of the experiment box, the middle part of the lower surface of the supporting plate is provided with a supporting rod, one end of the supporting rod is hinged with the lower surface of the supporting plate, and the other end of the supporting rod is hinged with the upper surface;

the two first sleeves are symmetrically arranged on the front side and the rear side of the upper surface of the left end of the supporting plate, one end of each first sleeve is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the supporting plate, inner threads are arranged on the inner wall of each first sleeve, a second screw rod is arranged in each first sleeve and is in threaded connection with the corresponding first sleeve, a handle is arranged on the side wall of each second screw rod, one end, away from the corresponding first sleeve, of each second screw rod is provided with a first ball, the first balls are embedded in the second screws and roll at the upper ends of the second screws, and the upper surfaces of the first balls are in contact with the bottom of the left side of the outer box of the experimental box;

the two fixing columns are symmetrically arranged on the front side and the rear side of the upper surface of the right end of the supporting plate, one end of each fixing column is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the supporting plate, a second ball is embedded into the other end of each fixing column, the second ball can roll at the upper end of each fixing column, and the upper surface of each second ball is in contact with the bottom of the right side of the outer box of the experiment box.

Preferably, the vacuum-pumping control device further comprises:

a flow sensor disposed at the water inlet valve for detecting an actual air flow at the water inlet valve;

the second pressure sensor is arranged outside the outer box of the experiment box and used for detecting the air pressure value outside the outer box of the experiment box;

the alarm is arranged outside the outer box of the experimental box;

the controller is arranged outside the outer box of the experimental box and is respectively and electrically connected with the flow sensor, the pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor and the controller;

the controller controls the alarm to work based on the flow sensor, the pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor, and the method comprises the following steps:

step 1: calculating the permeation quantity of the inner box of the experimental box by a formula (1) based on the detection values of the flow sensor, the pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor:

wherein, theta₁Is the permeation volume of the inner box of the experimental box, S₁The surface area of the outer wall of the inner box of the experimental box,

is the permeability, P, of the outer wall material of the inner box of the experimental box₁The value of the air pressure of the inner box of the experimental box, P, detected by the pressure sensor₂The value of the air pressure outside the outer box of the experimental box, Q, detected by the second pressure sensor₁Actual air flow at the water inlet valve, t, detected by the flow sensor₁For the preset working time, V, of the air-extracting water-suction pump₁The volume of the inner box of the experiment box, and L is the wall thickness of the outer wall of the inner box of the experiment box;

step 2: based on the step 1, calculating the actual pumping efficiency of the pumping water pump through a formula (2):

wherein eta is₁Is the actual pumping efficiency, Q, of the pumping suction pump₂Is the preset air flow rate mu of the air suction pump₁Taking the dynamic viscosity of the air in the water inlet pipeline, wherein ln is a logarithm taking a constant e as a base number, and h is a preset infiltration amount;

and step 3: the controller will the actual efficiency of bleeding of air suction pump with the preset efficiency of bleeding of air suction pump carries out the comparison, works as the actual efficiency of bleeding of air suction pump is less than when the preset efficiency of bleeding of air suction pump, the controller control the alarm sends the suggestion of reporting to the police.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: by adding the vacuum electroosmosis system, after the test piece is melted in water bath, the water content state of the test piece is changed when the test piece is frozen again under the electrophoresis action between the cathode electrode plate and the anode electrode plate. In addition, the distance between the anode electrode plates is adjusted before the test by rotating the screw rod, so that the action of force is exerted on the test piece, the freeze-thaw cycle process of the test piece in different stress states is simulated, and the expansion force generated by the test piece is tested in the frost heaving process.

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the apparatus particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings thereof.

The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a freeze-thaw cycle experimental apparatus with consideration of coupling of stress and moisture content according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of an inner box of a freezing-thawing cycle experimental apparatus in which stress and moisture content coupling can be considered according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a cathode electrode plate in a vacuum electroosmosis system in a freeze-thaw cycle experimental apparatus with consideration of coupling of stress and moisture content according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an auxiliary drainage device in a freeze-thaw cycle experimental apparatus with consideration of coupling of stress and moisture content according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view taken at A of FIG. 4 in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the invention at B of FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of one embodiment of a cleaning apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of portion C of FIG. 7;

fig. 9 is an enlarged view of a portion D in fig. 7.

The following were used: 1. an outer box of the experimental box; 2. an inner box of the experimental box; 3. a laboratory box cover handle; 4. an experimental box cover; 5. a double-layer sealing ring; 6. a heat-insulating layer; 7. a bolt; 8. an upper cover plate; 9. a frame upright; 10. a force sensor; 11. an insulating layer; 12. an anode electrode plate; 13. a test piece; 14. a cathode electrode plate; 15. a circular sleeve; 16. a volumetric water content sensor; 17. a lower cover plate; 18. a water discharge pipeline; 19. a water pumping pipeline; 20. a drain valve; 21. air suction and water pump; 22. a water inlet valve; 23. an electroosmotic device; 24. a rectifier; 25. an air outlet of the air conditioner; 26. a vacuum valve; 27. a temperature sensor; 28. a thermometer; 29. a control panel; 30. a pressure sensor; 31. a pressure gauge; 32. a data acquisition device; 33. a water inlet pipe; 34. an electric heating wire; 35. an air conditioning device; 36. a floor drain; 37. a screw; 38. a motor case; 39. a cavity; 40. a first motor; 41. an output shaft; 42. a drum; 43. a first chute; 44. a second chute; 45. connecting columns; 46. a second slider; 47. a fifth fixed block; 48. a support plate; 49. a first baffle plate; 50. a second baffle; 51. a support bar; 52. a first sleeve; 53. a second screw; 54. a handle; 55. a first ball bearing; 56. fixing a column; 57. a second ball bearing; 58. a cleaning device; 581. a mixing box; 582. rotating the rod; 583. a cleaning tank; 584. a first sphere; 585. moving the plate; 586. a fixing plate; 587. a second sphere; 588. a first vertical channel; 589. a vertical support bar; 5810. a sealing plate; 5811. a guide plate; 5812. a first slider; 5813. a first spring; 5814. a mixing device; 58141. a first fixed block; 58142. a second fixed block; 58143. an inlet port; 58144. an inverted T-shaped bar; 58145. a third spring; 58146. a fourth fixed block; 58147. a second vertical channel; 58148. a sliding plate; 58149. a first connecting pipe; 58150. a second connecting pipe; 58151. a second spring; 58152. a third fixed block; 58153. a material storage box.

Detailed Description

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.

Example 1

The embodiment of the invention provides a freeze-thaw cycle experimental device capable of considering stress and moisture content coupling, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, comprising: the experimental box still includes:

the pressurizing systems are arranged in the experiment box, test pieces 13 are arranged in the pressurizing systems, and each test piece 13 is fixed by one set of pressurizing system;

a vacuum electroosmotic system, comprising: the anode electrode plates 12 and the cathode electrode plates 14 are in one-to-one corresponding contact with the test pieces 13 in the pressurizing systems and are used for forming seepage in the test pieces 13 through electrophoresis under the action of current so as to change the water content of the test pieces 13 in the process of freeze thawing circulation;

the temperature control system is connected with the experimental box;

The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: by adding a vacuum electroosmosis system, after the test piece is melted in a water bath, under the action of electrophoresis between a cathode electrode plate and an anode electrode plate, the water content state of the test piece when the test piece is frozen again is changed;

the pressurizing system is used for pressurizing the test piece, further controlling the stress state of the test piece in the freeze-thaw cycle process, and simulating the freeze-thaw cycle process of the test piece in different stress states;

according to the technical scheme, the moisture content change and the stress state of the natural freezing-thawing cycle process can be simulated while the traditional freezing-thawing cycle process is realized, and the freezing-thawing cycle experiment is realized by coupling the stress and the moisture content factor.

Example 2

On the basis of example 1;

as shown in fig. 1, the experimental box comprises:

the experimental box comprises an experimental box outer box 1, wherein an experimental box inner box 2 is arranged in the experimental box outer box 1, and a heat insulation layer 6 is arranged between the experimental box outer box 1 and the experimental box inner box 2;

an experiment box cover 4 is arranged at the upper end of the experiment box outer box 1, and a double-layer sealing ring 5 is arranged at the contact position of the upper ends of the experiment box outer box 1 and the experiment box inner box 2 and the experiment box cover 4;

the upper surface of the experiment box cover 4 is provided with an experiment box cover handle 3 and a vacuum valve 26, and the vacuum valve 26 is communicated with the experiment box inner box 2.

The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: experiment case outer container upper end sets up the experiment case lid, the experiment case lid can play sealed effect to the experiment incasement box, it is isolated with external environment to make the experiment incasement box, be provided with experiment case lid handle on the experiment case lid, the equipment of taking of being convenient for, double-deck sealing washer is pasted in experiment case lid inboard and experiment incasement wall contact department, double-deck annular seals and pastes, the leakproofness of experiment case lid has been strengthened, the vacuum valve is fixed in the experiment case lid outside, open the vacuum valve after, can make outside air get into the experiment incasement box, make the pressure value of experiment incasement box restore atmospheric pressure.

Example 3

On the basis of example 1 or 2, as shown in FIG. 1;

the pressurization system includes: an upper cover plate 8, a lower cover plate 17, a frame upright post 9, a circular sleeve 15 and a screw 37;

one end of each of the four frame upright posts 9 is fixedly connected with the inner bottom wall of the experiment box (in the embodiment, the inner bottom wall of the experiment box), four corners of the lower cover plate 17 are respectively and fixedly connected with the lower parts of the four frame upright posts 9 through bolts 7, and four corners of the upper cover plate 8 are respectively and fixedly connected with the upper parts of the four frame upright posts 9 through bolts 7;

the circular sleeve 15 is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the lower cover plate 17, the insulating layer 11 is adhered inside the circular sleeve 15, and a test piece is placed in the circular sleeve 15;

the screw 37 is fixed at the center of the upper cover plate 8 (preferably, fixed by a bolt), the screw 37, the force sensor 10 and the anode electrode plate 12 are sequentially and fixedly connected to one axis, the up-and-down movement of the anode electrode plate 12 is controlled by rotating the screw 37, the stress state (pressurization) of the test piece in the freeze-thaw cycle process is further controlled, and the stress between the screw 37 and the anode electrode plate 12 is tested by the force sensor 10.

Preferably, a plurality of through holes are formed in the surfaces of the circular sleeve 15, the lower cover plate 17, the insulating layer 11, the anode electrode plate 12 and the cathode electrode plate 14; the anode electrode plate 12 and the cathode electrode plate 14 are both made of graphite material.

The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the frame upright post is fixed on the bottom plate of the inner box of the experimental box through a bolt, the lower layer cover plate is fixed on the lower part of the frame upright post through a bolt, the upper layer cover plate is fixed on the upper part of the frame upright post through a bolt, the round sleeve is fixed on the central position of the lower layer cover plate through a bolt, the upper end of the round sleeve is provided with an anode electrode plate, the upper end of the anode electrode plate is provided with a force sensor, the upper end of the force sensor is provided with a screw rod, the force sensor and the anode electrode plate, by arranging the pressurizing system, the anode electrode plate can be controlled to move up and down in the circular sleeve by rotating the screw rod, the distance between the anode electrode plate and the test piece is adjusted, and then the effect of exerting force on the test piece is achieved, the freezing-thawing cycle process of the test piece in different stress states is simulated, and the expansion force generated in the freezing-swelling process of the test piece is tested through the force sensor.

The problem that in the prior art, a test piece is in a free state and is not stressed in the freezing-thawing cycle process is solved; the expansion force in the frost heaving process is not measured, and the like, which are greatly different from the actual situation.

The circular sleeve is internally pasted with an insulating layer, so that the insulating effect can be achieved, the outer wall of the circular sleeve is prevented from conducting electricity in the electroosmosis process, and the circular sleeve, the lower cover plate, the insulating layer, the cathode electrode plate and the anode electrode plate are uniformly perforated, so that water can flow in and out in the freeze-thaw cycle process. The graphite material has good conductivity, the graphite electrode is easy to process, the discharge processing removal rate is high, the graphite loss is small, the processing speed is obviously higher than that of a copper electrode, the processing speed of the graphite electrode is 58% faster than that of the copper electrode, the processing time is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the manufacturing cost is also reduced.

Example 4

On the basis of any of examples 1 to 3, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3; the vacuum electroosmosis system includes: a plurality of anode electrode plates 12, a plurality of cathode electrode plates 14, an electroosmosis device 23, a rectifier 24 and an air suction pump 21;

the device comprises a circular sleeve 15, a screw 37, a force sensor 10, an anode electrode plate 12 and a cathode electrode plate 14, wherein the anode electrode plate 12 is arranged at the upper part in the circular sleeve 15 in a one-to-one correspondence manner and can be arranged at the upper part of the circular sleeve in a sliding manner, the screw 37, the force sensor 10 and the anode electrode plate 12 are sequentially and fixedly connected on one axial line, the up-and-down movement of the anode electrode plate 12 is controlled by rotating the screw 37, the stress state of a test piece in the freeze-thaw cycle process is further controlled, and the stress between the screw 37 and the anode electrode plate 12 is tested by the force sensor 10;

the cathode electrode plate 14 is arranged at the bottom in the circular sleeve 15, a test piece 13 is arranged between the cathode electrode plate 14 and the anode electrode plate 12, and the upper end and the lower end of the test piece 13 are respectively contacted with the inner surfaces of the anode electrode plate 12 and the cathode electrode plate 14;

the electroosmosis device 23 and the rectifier 24 are both arranged at the lower part in the experimental box, the rectifier 24 is electrically connected with the electroosmosis device 23, and the anode and the cathode of the electroosmosis device 23 are respectively electrically connected with the anode electrode plate 12 and the cathode electrode plate 14;

the vacuum electroosmosis system further comprises: a water pumping pipeline 19, a water inlet pipeline 33, a water inlet valve 22, a floor drain 36, a drainage pipeline 18 and a drainage valve 20;

the air suction and water suction pump 21 is arranged outside the experiment box, the input end of the air suction and water suction pump 21 is connected with an external water source through a water suction pipeline 19, the output end of the air suction and water suction pump 21 is connected with a water inlet pipeline 33, the air suction and water suction pump 21 is communicated with the inside of the experiment box through the water inlet pipeline 33, and a water inlet valve 22 is arranged on the water suction pipeline 19;

the floor drain 36 is arranged at the inner bottom of the experiment box, one end of the drainage pipeline 18 is connected with the floor drain 36, the other end of the drainage pipeline 18 is positioned outside the experiment box, and the drainage pipeline 18 is provided with a drainage valve 20.

The temperature control system includes: an air conditioning device 35, an air conditioning outlet 25 and an electric heating wire 34;

air conditioner device 35 sets up the experiment case is outside, air outlet 25 sets up inside the experiment case, air outlet 25 through the air pipe with air conditioner device 35 connects, heating wire 34 sets up inside the experiment case (specifically, can set up in circular sleeve 15 lower part as the picture).

The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the method comprises the steps of firstly electrically connecting a rectifier with external alternating current, converting the alternating current into direct current by the rectifier, then connecting the rectifier with an electroosmosis device, connecting the anode of the electroosmosis device with an anode electrode plate, connecting the cathode of the electroosmosis device with a cathode electrode plate, placing 6 test pieces in an experiment box, fixing each test piece by a set of pressurization system, performing electroosmosis by a set of cathode and anode electrodes, opening a water inlet valve and an air suction pump when a vacuum environment is needed, sucking air in the experiment box by the air suction pump through a water inlet pipeline, and discharging the air from the water inlet valve through a water suction pipeline to manufacture the vacuum environment for the experiment box.

The method comprises the steps that an air conditioning device is started, cold air is sent into an inner box of an experiment box through an air outlet of the air conditioning device, so that a test piece in the inner box of the experiment box is frozen, when the test piece needs to be melted, a water inlet valve is firstly opened, then a water pumping and air pumping pump is started, an external water source is sent into the inner box of the experiment box through a water pumping pipeline and a water inlet pipeline, after the test piece is submerged by a water level, the water pumping and air pumping pump stops working, the water inlet valve is closed, then an electric heating wire is opened, the electric heating wire heats water in the inner box of the experiment box, so that the test piece is melted, and; and opening a drainage valve to discharge water in the inner box of the experiment box to the outside through a floor drain and a drainage pipeline, closing the drainage valve after all the water is discharged, and closing the experiment box cover, wherein the inner box of the experiment box is provided with a frame upright post fixing hole, a floor drain drainage hole, a water inlet hole, an air outlet hole and sensor data line holes, and all the holes are subjected to sealing treatment by means of welding, rubber rings and the like to prevent water leakage and air leakage.

Example 5

On the basis of any of examples 1 to 4, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3;

the plurality of data acquisition sensors comprises: the force sensor 10, the volume water content sensor 16, the temperature sensor 27 and the pressure sensor 30; the data acquisition system further comprises: a thermometer 28, a pressure gauge 31, a data acquisition device 32 and a control panel 29;

a plurality of volume water content sensors 16 are arranged on the outer wall of the circular sleeve 15 at equal intervals, probes of the volume water content sensors 16 penetrate through the outer wall of the circular sleeve 15 and are inserted into the test piece 13, the temperature sensor 27 is arranged on the inner side wall of the experiment box, the thermometer 28 is arranged on the outer portion of the experiment box, the temperature sensor 27 is electrically connected with the thermometer 28, the pressure sensor 30 is arranged on the inner side wall of the experiment box, the pressure gauge 31 is arranged on the outer portion of the experiment box, and the pressure sensor 30 is electrically connected with the pressure gauge 31;

the data acquisition device 32 is arranged outside the experimental box, and the data acquisition device 32 is respectively and electrically connected with the force sensor 10, the volume water content sensor 16, the temperature sensor 27, the pressure sensor 30, the control panel 29 and the electroosmosis device 23.

The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the pressure value of the inner box of the experiment box can be confirmed through the pressure gauge, the temperature of the inner box of the experiment box can be confirmed through the thermometer, the control panel is operated, the recording force sensor and the volume water content sensor begin to record data through the data acquisition device, then the electro-osmosis device can be controlled to be opened and closed through the control panel, through setting up the data acquisition system, the detection data of each sensor can be collected, visual observation is convenient for, and therefore the experiment state of the inner box of the experiment box is confirmed.

The volume water content sensor probe is inserted into the test piece through the hole in the wall of the circular sleeve barrel, so that the water content of the test piece in the circular sleeve barrel can be detected, the water content sensor probe is provided with a plurality of water content sensors, the water content of different parts of the test piece is detected, the electrophoresis phenomenon is determined, and the detection is more reliable.

Example 6

On the basis of integrating the above embodiments 1-5, the specific operation steps are as follows:

(a) preparation phase

Opening the experiment box cover 4, and fixing the four frame upright columns 9 of each group of test pieces on the bottom plate of the experiment box inner box 2 through bolts; fixing a lower layer cover plate 17 at a proper position of the lower part of the frame upright post 9 through a bolt; fixing the circular sleeve 15 at the center of the lower cover plate 17 through the bolt 7; placing the cathode electrode plate 14 at the bottom of the circular sleeve 15; placing the test piece 13 into the circular sleeve 15; fixing an upper cover plate 8 at a proper position on the upper part of a frame upright post 9 through a bolt 7, and ensuring that an anode electrode plate 12 is placed on the upper part of a circular sleeve 15, and the anode electrode plate 12 and a cathode electrode plate 14 are respectively in close contact with the upper surface and the lower surface of a test piece 13; inserting probes of four volume water content sensors 16 of each group of test pieces into the test piece 13 at equal intervals; closing the experiment box cover 4; turning on a power supply; checking whether the force sensor 10 and the volumetric water content sensor 16 are normal through the control panel 29; observing the data change of the force sensor 10 on the control panel 29 by rotating the screw 37 according to the working condition of each experiment, and stopping rotating when the corresponding pressure value is reached; checking whether the temperature control system and the vacuum electroosmosis system work normally; checking whether the temperature sensor 27, the thermometer 28, the pressure sensor 30 and the pressure gauge 31 work normally or not; if both are normal, the experiment is ready to begin.

(b) Freezing phase

After all the test pieces 13 are installed, closing the experiment box cover 4; closing the drain valve 20 and the inlet valve 22; starting the air conditioning device 35, and sending cold air into the inner box 2 of the experiment box through the air outlet 25 of the air conditioner; operating the control panel 29, and starting to record the data of the force sensor 10 and the volume water content sensor 16 through the data acquisition device 32; the data of the thermometer 28 is observed to change, and when the required freezing temperature is reached, the air conditioner 35 stops working to perform the freezing process.

(c) Thawing phase

After freezing is finished, opening the experiment box cover 4 to increase the temperature of the experiment box inner box 2; opening a water inlet valve 22, starting an air suction and water suction pump 21, and sending an external water source into the inner box 2 of the experiment box through a water suction pipeline 19 and a water inlet pipeline 33; after the test piece 13 is submerged in the water level, the air suction pump 21 stops working, and the water inlet valve 22 is closed; closing the experiment box cover 4; the electric heating wire 34 is turned on, water in the box 2 in the experiment box is heated, data change of the thermometer 28 is observed, when the required melting temperature is reached, the electric heating wire 34 stops working, when the temperature is reduced, the electric heating wire 34 is restarted to work, the water temperature in the melting stage is kept unchanged, and the melting process is carried out; after the melting is finished, opening the experiment box cover 4 to reduce the temperature of the experiment box inner box 2; and (3) opening the drainage valve 20 to drain the water in the experiment box inner box 2 to the outside through the floor drain 36 and the drainage pipeline 18, closing the drainage valve 20 after all the water is drained, and closing the experiment box cover 4.

(d) Vacuum electroosmosis stage

Opening the air suction and water suction pump 21 to suck air out of the inner box 2 of the experiment box, observing data change of the pressure sensor 30, and stopping the work of the air suction and water suction pump 21 after the pressure is close to a vacuum value; setting the water content required by the experiment through the control panel 29, starting the electroosmosis device 23 to work, starting the water content of the test piece 13 to decline, and stopping the electroosmosis device 23 when the water content required by the experiment is reached according to the data measured by the volumetric water content sensor 16; the vacuum valve 26 is opened to restore the pressure in the chamber 2 of the experimental box to atmospheric pressure in preparation for the next freeze-thaw cycle.

(e) Circulation phase

And (d) repeating the steps (b) to (d) according to the requirement of the number of experimental freeze-thaw cycles, and only repeating the steps (b) to (c) in the last freeze-thaw cycle.

(f) End phase

After the experiment is finished, opening the experiment box cover 4, sequentially removing the upper cover plate 8, the circular sleeve 15 and the volume water content sensor 16, and taking the test piece 13 out of the circular sleeve 15 for subsequent experiments; the measured data is copied for data analysis through the control panel 29; and after the inner box 2 of the experimental box is cleaned, the power supply is turned off.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: by adding the vacuum electroosmosis system, after the test piece is melted in water bath, the water content state of the test piece is changed when the test piece is frozen again under the electrophoresis action between the cathode electrode plate and the anode electrode plate. In addition, the distance between the anode electrode plates is adjusted before the test by rotating the screw rod, so that the action of force is exerted on the test piece, the freeze-thaw cycle process of the test piece in different stress states is simulated, and the expansion force generated by the test piece is tested in the frost heaving process; the technical scheme realizes the freeze-thaw cycle experiment by coupling the stress and the moisture content factors.

Example 7

On the basis of any one of embodiments 1-6, as shown in FIGS. 4-6, an auxiliary drainage device is further arranged below the outer box 1 of the experimental box, and the auxiliary drainage device comprises:

the motor box 38 is arranged below the outer box 1 of the experiment box, a cavity 39 is arranged in the motor box 38, a first motor 40 is arranged in the cavity 39, the right side of the first motor 40 is fixedly connected with the right side wall of the cavity 39, the left end of the first motor 40 is provided with an output shaft 41, and one end, far away from the first motor 40, of the output shaft 41 is rotatably connected with the left side wall of the cavity 39;

the roller 42 is arranged on the output shaft 41, the inner wall of the roller 42 is fixedly connected with the outer ring of the output shaft 41, and a first sliding groove 43 is obliquely formed in the surface of the roller 42;

the second sliding chute 44 is arranged on the upper surface of the motor box 38, the second sliding chute 44 is positioned right above the roller 42, the outside of the motor box 38 is communicated with the cavity 39 through the second sliding chute 44, a connecting column 45 is connected in the second sliding chute 44 in a sliding manner, one end of the connecting column 45 extends into the first sliding chute 43 and is connected with the first sliding chute 43 in a sliding and meshing manner, the other end of the connecting column 45 penetrates through the inside of the second sliding chute 44 and extends to the upper side of the motor box 38 and is provided with a second sliding block 46, and the bottom surface of the second sliding block 46 is connected with the upper surface of the motor box 38 in a sliding manner;

the fifth fixing block 47 is arranged on the right side of the upper end of the motor box 38;

the supporting plate 48 is arranged between the motor box 38 and the outer box 1 of the experiment box, one end of the supporting plate 48 is hinged to the fifth fixing block 47, a first baffle plate 49 is arranged at the right end of the supporting plate 48, second baffle plates 50 are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the supporting plate 48, the first baffle plate 49 and the second baffle plate 50 are perpendicular to each other, the first baffle plate 49 and the second baffle plate 50 are perpendicular to the supporting plate 48, the two second baffle plates 50 are respectively arranged at the front side and the rear side of the outer box 1 of the experiment box, a supporting rod 51 is arranged in the middle of the lower surface of the supporting plate 48, one end of the supporting rod 51 is hinged to the lower surface of the supporting plate 48, and the other end of the supporting rod 51 is hinged to the upper surface;

two first sleeves 52 are symmetrically arranged on the front side and the rear side of the upper surface of the left end of the supporting plate 48, one end of each first sleeve 52 is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the supporting plate 48, the inner wall of each first sleeve 52 is provided with an internal thread, a second screw 53 is arranged in each first sleeve 52, each second screw 53 is in threaded connection with the corresponding first sleeve 52, the side wall of each second screw 53 is provided with a handle 54, one end, far away from the corresponding first sleeve 52, of each second screw 53 is provided with a first ball 55, each first ball 55 is embedded in each second screw 53 and rolls at the upper end of each second screw 53, and the upper surface of each first ball 55 is in contact with the bottom of the left side of the outer box 1 of the experimental box;

and the two fixing columns 56 are symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the upper surface of the right end of the supporting plate 48, one end of each fixing column 56 is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the supporting plate 48, a second ball 57 is embedded at the other end of each fixing column 56, the second ball 57 can roll on the upper end of each fixing column 56, and the upper surface of each second ball 57 is in contact with the bottom of the right side of the outer box 1 of the experiment box.

The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: when the inner box 2 of the experiment box needs to drain water, the first motor 40 is started, the first motor 40 drives the output shaft 41 to rotate, the output shaft 41 rotates to drive the roller 42 to rotate, the roller 42 rotates, meanwhile, the first sliding groove 43 on the surface of the roller 42 rotates along with the roller 42, the first sliding groove 43 is spiral, the first sliding groove 43 is internally meshed with the connecting column 45 in a sliding manner, the roller 42 rotates to drive the connecting column 45 to slide from left to right along the first sliding groove 43, then the connecting column 45 slides in the second sliding groove 44 and drives the sliding block 46 to slide from left to right on the upper surface of the motor box 38, the sliding block 46 drives the supporting rod 51 to move rightwards, the supporting rod 51 pushes the supporting plate 48 to rotate by taking the hinged position of the fixing block 47 as the circle center, the supporting plate 48 inclines, the outer box 1 arranged above the supporting plate 48 also inclines along with the supporting plate 48, water in the, then, the handle 54 is grasped again, the handle 54 is rotated to rotate the second screw 53 in the first sleeve 52, the second screw 53 ascends along the first sleeve 52 by the screw transmission action, the second screw 53 arranged at the rear side of the supporting plate 48 ascends to a higher height than the second screw 53 arranged at the front side, then the rear side of the left end of the outer box 1 of the experiment box is at the highest position, so that the water in the inner box 2 of the experiment box can completely flow to the floor drain 36 at the right side of the inner box 2 of the experiment box and flows out from the floor drain 36, the first baffle 49 and the second baffle 50 are both arranged at the outer side of the outer box 1 of the experiment box, so as to block the outer box 1 of the experiment box and prevent the experiment box 1 from sliding off the supporting plate 48, by arranging the auxiliary drainage device, the first motor 40 rotates to incline the supporting plate 48, so that the outer box 1 of the experiment box can incline, the water in the inner box 2 of the experiment box can flow from the left side of the inner box 2 of the experiment box to the right side of the, then flow out from the floor drain 36, then rotate the handle 54 again, make the second screw 53 rise, the first ball 55 of second screw 53 upper end slides in experiment case outer container 1 bottom, be convenient for adjust the inclination of experiment case outer container 1, it rises to drive experiment case outer container 1 left side rear side simultaneously, the water in experiment case inner box 2 can all flow out through floor drain 36, through making the slope of experiment case outer container 1, can make the problem of having solved experiment case inner box 2 normal water and being difficult to all discharge, make experiment case inner box 2 cleaner.

Example 8

On the basis of any one of embodiments 1 to 7, the vacuum pump further comprises a vacuum pumping control device, wherein the vacuum pumping control device comprises:

a flow sensor disposed at the water inlet valve 22 for detecting an actual air flow at the water inlet valve 22;

the second pressure sensor is arranged outside the outer box 1 of the experiment box and is used for detecting the air pressure value outside the outer box 1 of the experiment box;

the alarm is arranged outside the experiment box outer box 1;

the controller is arranged outside the outer box 1 of the experimental box and is respectively and electrically connected with the flow sensor, the pressure sensor 30, the second pressure sensor and the controller;

the controller controls the alarm to work based on the flow sensor, the pressure sensor 30 and the second pressure sensor, and the method comprises the following steps:

step 1: calculating the permeation amount of the inner box 2 of the experimental box by the formula (1) based on the detection values of the flow sensor, the pressure sensor 30 and the second pressure sensor:

wherein, theta₁Is the permeation volume of the inner box 2 of the experimental box, S₁The surface area of the outer wall of the inner chamber 2 of the experimental box,

is the permeability, P, of the outer wall material of the inner box 2 of the experimental box₁For the value of the air pressure of the inner box 2 of the test box, P, detected by the pressure sensor 30₂Detect for the second pressure sensorThe air pressure value, Q, outside the outer box 1 of the experimental box₁Actual air flow at the inlet valve 22, t, detected by the flow sensor₁For the preset working time, V, of the suction pump 21₁Is the volume of the inner box 2 of the experiment box, and L is the wall thickness of the outer wall of the inner box 2 of the experiment box;

step 2: based on the step 1, calculating the actual pumping efficiency of the pumping water pump 21 by a formula (2):

wherein eta is₁For the actual pumping efficiency, Q, of the pumping suction pump 21₂For a predetermined air flow rate, mu, of said suction pump 21₁The dynamic viscosity of the air in the water inlet pipeline 33 is shown, ln is a logarithm taking a constant e as a base number, and h is a preset infiltration amount;

and step 3: the controller will the actual pumping efficiency of air suction pump 21 with the preset pumping efficiency of air suction pump 21 carries out the comparison, works as the actual pumping efficiency of air suction pump 21 is less than when the preset pumping efficiency of air suction pump 21, the controller control the alarm sends the suggestion of reporting to the police.

The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: when the inner box 2 of the experiment box is vacuumized by using the suction pump 21, the pressure sensor 30 can detect the air pressure value of the inner box 2 of the experiment box, the second pressure sensor can detect the air pressure value outside the outer box 1 of the experiment box, the flow sensor can detect the actual air flow at the position of the water inlet valve 22, although the vacuum degree deterioration factor of air leakage of the inner box 2 of the experiment box can be eliminated, the infiltration phenomenon can not be ignored, the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the inner box 2 of the experiment box easily causes the change of the vacuum degree of the inner box 2 of the experiment box, therefore, combining the detection values of the pressure sensor 30, the flow sensor and the second pressure sensor, the infiltration amount of the inner box 2 of the experiment box can be calculated by the formula (1), then the actual suction efficiency of the suction pump 21 can be calculated by the formula (2), because in the vacuum system, the flow of the gas can be roughly divided into viscous flow and molecular flow, when the average free path of gas molecules is sufficiently smaller than the inner diameter of the pipe, intermolecular collision is a main phenomenon, and therefore the dynamic viscosity of air in the water inlet pipe 33 is comprehensively considered in the calculation process, the calculation result of the formula (2) is more accurate and reliable, then the calculated actual pumping efficiency of the pumping water pump 21 is compared with the preset pumping efficiency by the controller, when the actual pumping efficiency of the pumping water pump 21 is smaller than the preset pumping efficiency, the controller controls the alarm to give an alarm prompt, and through the alarm prompt, field workers can timely overhaul the pumping water pump 21, so that the situation that the actual pumping efficiency of the pumping water pump 21 is low and the vacuum work cannot be completed within the preset time is avoided.

Example 9

On the basis of any one of embodiments 1 to 8, as shown in fig. 7 to 9, the washing apparatus 58 further includes:

the upper end of the mixing box 581 is fixedly connected with a driving motor;

a rotating rod 582 rotatably connected in the mixing tank 581, and a rotating blade is provided around the rotating rod 582;

a cleaning tank 583 fixedly connected to the lower end of the mixing tank 581, wherein the lower end of the rotating rod 582 penetrates through the cleaning tank 583;

the first ball 584 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the lower part of the rotating rod 582;

the movable plate 585 is arranged at the lower end of the rotating rod 582, the lower end of the rotating rod 582 penetrates through the movable plate 585, the upper end of the movable plate 585 is located on the outer side of the rotating rod 582 and is fixedly connected with a fixed plate 586, one side, close to the rotating rod 582, of the fixed plate 586 is fixedly connected with a second sphere 587, the second sphere 587 is located above the first sphere 584, and when the rotating rod 582 rotates to drive the first sphere 584 to rotate, the second sphere 587 can be contacted;

a plurality of first vertical passages 588 provided outside the rotating rod 582, the upper ends of the first vertical passages 588 communicating with the mixing tank 581, and the lower ends of the first vertical passages 588 communicating with the washing tank 583;

the vertical support rods 58951 correspond to the first vertical channels 588 one by one, the upper parts of the vertical support rods 58951 are positioned in the first vertical channels 588, the upper ends of the vertical support rods 58951 are fixedly connected with sealing plates 5810 for sealing the first vertical channels 588, and the lower ends of the vertical support rods 58951 are fixedly connected with the upper ends of the movable plates 585;

two guide plates 5811 fixedly connected in the cleaning tank 583 and positioned at the left and right sides of the moving plate 585;

the first sliding blocks 5812 are fixedly connected to the left side and the right side of the moving plate 585, and the first sliding blocks 5812 are connected in corresponding vertical sliding grooves in the guide plates 5811 in a sliding mode;

a first spring 5813 fixedly connected between the upper end of the first slider 5812 and the upper end of the cleaning tank 583;

a plurality of mixing devices 5814 fixedly connected to the upper end of the mixing tank 581, wherein the mixing devices 5814 include:

the two first fixing blocks 58141 are arranged at left and right intervals and are fixedly connected to the upper end of the mixing box 581 through a plurality of second springs 58151, and the upper end of each first fixing block 58141 is a first inclined plane;

the two second fixing blocks 58142 are fixedly connected to the sides, close to each other, of the two first fixing blocks 58141, the two second fixing blocks 58142 are close to each other, the lower ends of the second inclined planes are in contact with each other and are closed, and the upper end of the mixing box 581 is located right below the second inclined planes and is provided with an inlet 58143;

two third fixing blocks 58152, one side of which is fixedly connected with the upper end of the mixing box 581 through a connecting bracket;

the inverted-T-shaped rod 58144 is slidably connected in the third fixing block 58152, the lower end of the inverted-T-shaped rod 58144 is fixedly connected with a fourth fixing block 58146 through a third spring 58145, the fourth fixing block 58146 is located at the lower end of the third fixing block 58152, third inclined planes which are parallel to each other are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the fourth fixing block, the third inclined planes are parallel to the first inclined planes, and the upper end of the inverted-T-shaped rod is fixedly connected with a material storage box 58153;

a second vertical channel 58147 fixedly connected between the two third fixing blocks 58152 through a connecting block;

a sliding plate 58148 slidably connected to the inside of the second vertical channel 58147, the sliding plate 58148 is connected to the storage tank through a first connecting pipe 58149, a second connecting pipe 58150 is fixed to the lower end of the sliding plate 58148, the upper end of the second connecting pipe 58150 is connected to the lower end of the first connecting pipe, and the lower end of the second connecting pipe 58150 faces the lower end of the second inclined plane.

The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the cleaning device can be used for cleaning a test box before and after an experiment, or can also be used for mixed feeding (comprising water or various additives) which is used for auxiliary feeding in the experiment process;

adding auxiliary materials such as water and the like required by experiments into the mixing box, wherein the storage box is used for storing different added materials, when a plurality of materials are required to be mixed, the storage box is pressed downwards (a device which can be pressed down manually or can be provided with an automatic pressing device, such as a telescopic rod is pressed downwards), the storage box moves downwards to drive a fourth fixed block at the lower end of the inverted T-shaped rod to move downwards, the fourth fixed block presses the first fixed block downwards to deflect the first fixed block, so that a second inclined plane is opened, the materials in the storage box sequentially pass through a gap between the first connecting pipe, the second connecting pipe and the first inclined plane and enter the mixing box through an inlet, in the process, the sliding plate plays a role in guiding the motion of the storage box, the third fixed block also plays a role in guiding the motion of the inverted T-shaped rod, meanwhile, the second spring and the third spring are arranged to enable the motion of the whole structure to be more stable, and the technical scheme can realize, the feeding is convenient, and the feeding is not limited to liquid, so that the invention is more convenient to use;

the dwang is driven to rotate by a driving motor, blades in the mixing box accelerate the mixing of materials, simultaneously, a first ball on the dwang rotates, contact promotes the upward movement of a second ball, the upward movement of the second ball drives a moving plate to move upward, the moving plate drives a vertical support rod to move upward, finally, the sealing plate is moved to the top of a first vertical channel, so that the mixed materials enter a cleaning box through the first vertical channel, when the mixing is realized, the mixed materials are output to the cleaning box from the automatic intermittent type, the follow-up mixed materials are output (preferably, a secondary stirring device can be arranged in the mixing box), and the cooperation of a second sliding block and a sliding groove plays a guiding role in the upward movement, meanwhile, the first vertical channel also plays a guiding role in the movement of the vertical support rod, and the movement is reliable.

Above-mentioned technical scheme is convenient for reinforced and stirring mixes and the combination of functions such as automatic output mixture, and the practicality is strong.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a can consider freeze-thaw cycle experimental apparatus of stress and moisture content coupling, includes the experimental box, its characterized in that still includes:

the pressurizing systems are arranged inside the experiment box, test pieces (13) are arranged in the pressurizing systems, and each test piece (13) is fixed by one set of pressurizing system;

a vacuum electroosmotic system, comprising: the anode electrode plates (12) and the cathode electrode plates (14) are in one-to-one corresponding contact with the test pieces (13) in the pressurizing systems and are used for forming seepage in the test pieces (13) through electrophoresis under the action of current so as to change the water content of the test pieces (13) in the freezing and thawing cycle process;

the temperature control system is connected with the experimental box;

2. The freeze-thaw cycle experimental apparatus capable of considering stress and water content coupling according to claim 1, wherein the experimental box comprises:

the experimental box comprises an experimental box outer box (1), wherein an experimental box inner box (2) is arranged in the experimental box outer box (1), and a heat insulation layer (6) is arranged between the experimental box outer box (1) and the experimental box inner box (2);

an experiment box cover (4) is arranged at the upper end of the experiment box outer box (1), and double-layer sealing rings (5) are arranged at the contact positions of the upper ends of the experiment box outer box (1) and the experiment box inner box (2) and the experiment box cover (4);

experiment case lid (4) upper surface sets up experiment case lid handle (3) and vacuum valve (26), vacuum valve (26) with experiment incasement (2) intercommunication.

3. A freeze-thaw cycle experimental apparatus capable of considering stress and moisture content coupling according to claim 1,

the pressurization system includes: an upper layer cover plate (8), a lower layer cover plate (17), a frame upright post (9), a circular sleeve (15) and a screw rod (37);

one end of each of the four frame upright columns (9) is fixedly connected with the inner bottom wall of the experiment box, four corners of the lower-layer cover plate (17) are respectively and fixedly connected with the lower parts of the four frame upright columns (9) through bolts (7), and four corners of the upper-layer cover plate (8) are respectively and fixedly connected with the upper parts of the four frame upright columns (9) through bolts (7);

the circular sleeve (15) is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the lower cover plate (17), an insulating layer is adhered inside the circular sleeve (15), and a test piece is placed in the circular sleeve (15);

screw rod (37) are fixed in upper apron (8) central point department, screw rod (37), force sensor (10), positive pole electrode board (12) three fixed connection are in proper order on an axis, through rotating reciprocating of screw rod (37) control positive pole electrode board (12), and then control the stress state of test piece in freeze-thaw cycle process to stress between force sensor (10) test screw rod (37), positive pole electrode board (12).

4. A freeze-thaw cycle experimental apparatus capable of considering stress and moisture content coupling according to claim 3,

the vacuum electroosmosis system includes: a plurality of anode electrode plates (12), a plurality of cathode electrode plates (14), an electroosmosis device (23), a rectifier (24) and an air suction pump (21);

the device comprises a circular sleeve (15), screws (37), force sensors (10), an anode electrode plate (12) and a cathode electrode plate (14), wherein the anode electrode plate (12) is arranged at the upper part in the circular sleeve (15); the cathode electrode plate (14) is arranged at the bottom in the circular sleeve (15), a test piece (13) is arranged between the cathode electrode plate (14) and the anode electrode plate (12), and the upper end and the lower end of the test piece (13) are respectively contacted with the inner surfaces of the anode electrode plate (12) and the cathode electrode plate (14);

the electroosmosis device (23) and the rectifier (24) are arranged at the lower part in the experiment box, the rectifier (24) is electrically connected with the electroosmosis device (23), and the anode and the cathode of the electroosmosis device (23) are respectively electrically connected with the anode electrode plate (12) and the cathode electrode plate (14);

the vacuum electroosmosis system further comprises: a water pumping pipeline (19), a water inlet pipeline (33), a water inlet valve (22), a floor drain (36), a drainage pipeline (18) and a drainage valve (20);

the air suction and water suction pump (21) is arranged outside the experiment box, the input end of the air suction and water suction pump (21) is connected with an external water source through a water suction pipeline (19), the output end of the air suction and water suction pump (21) is connected with a water inlet pipeline (33), the air suction and water suction pump (21) is communicated with the inside of the experiment box through the water inlet pipeline (33), and a water inlet valve (22) is arranged on the water suction pipeline (19);

the floor drain (36) is arranged at the bottom in the experimental box, one end of the drainage pipeline (18) is connected with the floor drain (36), the other end of the drainage pipeline (18) is located outside the experimental box, and a drainage valve (20) is arranged on the drainage pipeline (18).

5. A freeze-thaw cycle experimental apparatus capable of considering stress and moisture content coupling according to claim 4,

the temperature control system includes: an air conditioning device (35), an air conditioning outlet (25) and an electric heating wire (34);

air conditioner device (35) set up the experiment case is outside, air outlet (25) set up inside the experiment case, air outlet (25) through the air pipe with air conditioner device (35) are connected, heating wire (34) set up inside the experiment case.

6. A freeze-thaw cycle experimental apparatus capable of considering stress and moisture content coupling according to claim 5,

the plurality of data acquisition sensors comprises: the device comprises a force sensor (10), a volume water content sensor (16), a temperature sensor (27) and a pressure sensor (30); the data acquisition system further comprises: the temperature meter (28), the pressure gauge (31), the data acquisition device (32) and the control panel (29);

a plurality of volume water content sensors (16) are arranged on the outer wall of the circular sleeve (15) at equal intervals, probes of the volume water content sensors (16) penetrate through the outer wall of the circular sleeve (15) and are inserted into the test piece (13), the temperature sensor (27) is arranged on the inner side wall of the experiment box, the thermometer (28) is arranged on the outer portion of the experiment box, the temperature sensor (27) is electrically connected with the thermometer (28), the pressure sensor (30) is arranged on the inner side wall of the experiment box, the pressure gauge (31) is arranged on the outer portion of the experiment box, and the pressure sensor (30) is electrically connected with the pressure gauge (31);

the data acquisition device (32) is arranged outside the experimental box, and the data acquisition device (32) is respectively electrically connected with the force sensor (10), the volume water content sensor (16), the temperature sensor (27), the pressure sensor (30), the control panel (29) and the electroosmosis device (23).

7. A freeze-thaw cycle experimental device capable of considering stress and water content coupling according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of through holes are formed on the surfaces of the circular sleeve (15), the lower cover plate (17), the insulating layer (11), the anode electrode plate (12) and the cathode electrode plate (14);

the anode electrode plate (12) and the cathode electrode plate (14) are both made of graphite materials.

8. The freeze-thaw cycle experimental device capable of considering stress and water content coupling according to claim 4, wherein an auxiliary drainage device is further arranged below the outer box (1) of the experimental box, and the auxiliary drainage device comprises:

the motor box (38) is arranged below the outer box (1) of the experiment box, a cavity (39) is arranged in the motor box (38), a first motor (40) is arranged in the cavity (39), the right side of the first motor (40) is fixedly connected with the right side wall of the cavity (39), the left end of the first motor (40) is provided with an output shaft (41), and one end, far away from the first motor (40), of the output shaft (41) is rotatably connected with the left side wall of the cavity (39);

the roller (42) is arranged on the output shaft (41), the inner wall of the roller (42) is fixedly connected with the outer ring of the output shaft (41), and a first sliding groove (43) is obliquely formed in the surface of the roller (42);

the second sliding groove (44) is formed in the upper surface of the motor box (38), the second sliding groove (44) is located right above the roller (42), the outside of the motor box (38) is communicated with the cavity (39) through the second sliding groove (44), a connecting column (45) is connected in the second sliding groove (44) in a sliding mode, one end of the connecting column (45) extends into the first sliding groove (43) and is connected with the first sliding groove (43) in a sliding and meshing mode, the other end of the connecting column (45) penetrates through the inside of the second sliding groove (44) to extend to the position above the motor box (38) and is provided with a second sliding block (46), and the bottom surface of the second sliding block (46) is connected with the upper surface of the motor box (38) in a sliding mode;

the fifth fixing block (47), the fifth fixing block (47) is arranged on the right side of the upper end of the motor box (38);

a support plate (48), wherein the support plate (48) is arranged between the motor box (38) and the experiment box outer box (1), one end of the supporting plate (48) is hinged with the fifth fixed block (47), a first baffle plate (49) is arranged at the right end of the supporting plate (48), the front end and the rear end of the supporting plate (48) are provided with second baffle plates (50), the first baffle plate (49) and the second baffle plates (50) are vertical to each other, the first baffle (49) and the second baffle (50) are both vertical to the supporting plate (48), the two second baffles (50) are respectively arranged at the front side and the rear side of the outer box (1) of the experiment box, a support rod (51) is arranged in the middle of the lower surface of the support plate (48), one end of the support rod (51) is hinged with the lower surface of the support plate (48), the other end of the supporting rod (51) is hinged with the upper surface of the second sliding block (46);

the two first sleeves (52) are symmetrically arranged on the front side and the rear side of the upper surface of the left end of the supporting plate (48), one end of each first sleeve (52) is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the supporting plate (48), internal threads are arranged on the inner wall of each first sleeve (52), a second screw (53) is arranged in each first sleeve (52), each second screw (53) is in threaded connection with the corresponding first sleeve (52), a handle (54) is arranged on the side wall of each second screw (53), a first ball (55) is arranged at one end, far away from the corresponding first sleeve (52), of each second screw (53), each first ball (55) is embedded in each second screw (53) and rolls at the upper end of each second screw (53), and the upper surface of each first ball (55) is in contact with the bottom of the left side of the experiment box outer box (1);

the two fixing columns (56) are symmetrically arranged on the front side and the rear side of the upper surface of the right end of the supporting plate (48), one end of each fixing column (56) is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the supporting plate (48), a second ball (57) is embedded in the other end of each fixing column (56), the second balls (57) can roll on the upper ends of the fixing columns (56), and the upper surfaces of the second balls (57) are in contact with the bottom of the right side of the outer box (1) of the experiment box.

9. A freeze-thaw cycle experimental apparatus capable of considering stress and water content coupling according to claim 6, further comprising a vacuum pumping control device, wherein the vacuum pumping control device comprises:

a flow sensor provided at the water inlet valve (22) for detecting an actual air flow at the water inlet valve (22);

the second pressure sensor is arranged outside the outer box (1) of the experiment box and is used for detecting the air pressure value outside the outer box (1) of the experiment box;

the alarm is arranged outside the experiment box outer box (1);

the controller is arranged outside the outer box (1) of the experiment box and is respectively and electrically connected with the flow sensor, the pressure sensor (30), the second pressure sensor and the controller;

the controller controls the alarm to work based on the flow sensor, the pressure sensor (30) and the second pressure sensor, and the method comprises the following steps:

step 1: calculating the permeation quantity of the experimental box (2) through a formula (1) based on the detection values of the flow sensor, the pressure sensor (30) and the second pressure sensor:

wherein, theta₁Is the permeation quantity of the inner box (2) of the experimental box, S₁The surface area of the outer wall of the inner box (2) of the experimental box,

is the permeability, P, of the outer wall material of the inner box (2) of the experimental box₁The value of the air pressure of the inner box (2) of the experiment box detected by the pressure sensor (30), P₂The value of the air pressure outside the outer box (1) of the experimental box, Q, detected by the second pressure sensor₁Actual air flow at the water inlet valve (22) detected by the flow sensor, t₁For the preset working time, V, of the suction pump (21)₁Is the volume of the inner box (2) of the experiment box, and L is the wall thickness of the outer wall of the inner box (2) of the experiment box;

step 2: based on the step 1, calculating the actual air extraction efficiency of the air extraction water pump (21) by a formula (2):

wherein eta is₁For the actual pumping efficiency, Q, of the pumping suction pump (21)₂For a predetermined air flow rate, mu, of the suction pump (21)₁The dynamic viscosity of the air in the water inlet pipeline (33) is shown, ln is a logarithm taking a constant e as a base number, and h is a preset infiltration capacity;

and step 3: the controller will the actual pumping efficiency of air suction pump (21) with the preset pumping efficiency of air suction pump (21) carries out the comparison, works as the actual pumping efficiency of air suction pump (21) is less than when the preset pumping efficiency of air suction pump (21), the controller control the alarm sends the suggestion of reporting to the police.

10. A freeze-thaw cycle experimental apparatus capable of considering stress and moisture content coupling according to claim 1, further comprising a cleaning device (58), wherein the cleaning device (58) comprises:

the upper end of the mixing box (581) is fixedly connected with a driving motor;

a rotating rod (582) which is rotatably connected in the mixing box (581), and a rotating blade is arranged on the periphery of the rotating rod (582);

the cleaning box (583) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the mixing box (581), and the lower end of the rotating rod (582) penetrates through the cleaning box (583);

the first ball (584) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the lower part of the rotating rod (582);

the movable plate (585) is arranged at the lower end of the rotating rod (582), the lower end of the rotating rod (582) penetrates through the movable plate (585), the upper end of the movable plate (585) is located on the outer side of the rotating rod (582) and is fixedly connected with a fixed plate (586), one side, close to the rotating rod (582), of the fixed plate (586) is fixedly connected with a second sphere (587), the second sphere (587) is located above the first sphere (584), and when the rotating rod (582) rotates to drive the first sphere (584) to rotate, the second sphere (587) can be contacted;

a plurality of first vertical channels (588) arranged outside the rotating rod (582), wherein the upper ends of the first vertical channels (588) are communicated with the mixing box (581), and the lower ends of the first vertical channels (588) are communicated with the cleaning box (583);

the upper parts of the vertical supporting rods (589) (51) are positioned in the first vertical channel (588), a sealing plate (5810) is fixedly connected to the upper end of each vertical supporting rod (589) (51) and used for sealing the first vertical channel (588), and the lower ends of the vertical supporting rods (589) (51) are fixedly connected with the upper end of the movable plate (585);

the two guide plates (5811) are fixedly connected in the cleaning box (583) and are positioned at the left side and the right side of the movable plate (585);

the first sliding blocks (5812) are fixedly connected to the left side and the right side of the moving plate (585), and the first sliding blocks (5812) are connected in corresponding vertical sliding grooves in the guide plate (5811) in a sliding mode;

the first spring (5813) is fixedly connected between the upper end of the first sliding block (5812) and the upper end of the cleaning box (583);

a plurality of mixing devices (5814) fixedly connected to an upper end of the mixing tank (581), the mixing devices (5814) comprising:

the two first fixing blocks (58141) are arranged at left and right intervals and are fixedly connected to the upper end of the mixing box (581) through a plurality of second springs (58151), and the upper end of each first fixing block (58141) is provided with a first inclined plane;

the two second fixing blocks (58142) are fixedly connected to the sides, close to each other, of the two first fixing blocks (58141), the two second fixing blocks (58142) are close to each other, the lower ends of second inclined planes are arranged to be in contact with each other and closed, and an inlet (58143) is arranged at the upper end of the mixing box (581) and is positioned right below the second inclined planes;

two third fixing blocks (58152), one side of each third fixing block is fixedly connected to the upper end of the mixing box (581) through a connecting bracket;

the inverted T-shaped rod (58144) is connected in the third fixing block (58152) in a sliding mode, the lower end of the inverted T-shaped rod (58144) is fixedly connected with a fourth fixing block (58146) through a third spring (58145), the fourth fixing block (58146) is located at the lower end of the third fixing block (58152), third inclined planes which are parallel to each other are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the fourth fixing block respectively, the third inclined planes are parallel to the first inclined planes, and the upper end of the inverted T-shaped rod (58144) is fixedly connected with a storage box (58153);

the second vertical channel (58147) is fixedly connected between the two third fixing blocks (58152) through a connecting block;

the sliding plate (58148) is connected in the second vertical channel (58147) in an up-and-down sliding manner, the sliding plate (58148) is communicated with the storage tank (58153) through a first connecting pipe (58149), a second connecting pipe (58150) is fixed at the lower end of the sliding plate (58148), the upper end of the second connecting pipe (58150) is communicated with the lower end of the first connecting pipe, and the lower end of the second connecting pipe (58150) faces the lower end of the second inclined plane.